Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes a gate line, a source line, a first common electrode opposed to the gate line and the source line, an interlayer insulating film covering the first common electrode, a pixel electrode including a main pixel electrode and a sub-pixel electrode, the pixel electrode formed on the interlayer insulating film, a second common electrode formed on the interlayer insulating film. The second common electrode includes a second main common electrode which has intermittence at a position adjacent to the sub-pixel electrode, and a second sub-common electrode which has intermittence at a position adjacent to the main pixel electrode.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display includes: a first substrate; a first electrode formed on the first substrate; a second substrate configured so as to face the first substrate; and a second electrode formed on the second substrate. The first electrode includes a first portion having a plate shape and a plurality of branch electrodes extending from the first portion. The second electrode includes a cross-shaped cutout including a horizontal stem and a vertical stem which cross each other at a center thereof. A width of the first electrode and a distance between two adjacent ones of the branch electrodes are varied according to position.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes a first substrate, a second substrate opposing the first substrate, a liquid crystal layer between the first substrate and the second substrate, a black matrix on one of the first substrate and the second substrate, the black matrix defining a pixel region, a gate line on the first substrate and including a line portion, an electrode portion and a compensation portion, the compensation portion having a closed loop shape, a data line intersecting the gate line, a source electrode extending from the data line and disposed on the electrode portion of the gate line, a drain electrode including one side disposed on the electrode portion of the gate line and another side at least partially disposed on the compensation portion of the gate line, and a pixel electrode connected to the drain electrode.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display and a manufacturing method that allows a common electrode and a pixel electrode to be formed on one substrate without increasing the number of masks is presented. The liquid crystal display includes a substrate, a gate line and a first electrode (e.g., a common electrode) formed on the substrate, a gate insulating layer formed on the gate line and the first electrode, a second electrode (e.g., a pixel electrode) formed on the gate insulating layer, and a passivation layer formed on the gate insulating layer to overlap the openings of the second electrode. The method entails forming the common electrode below a gate insulating layer, forming the pixel electrode immediately on the gate insulating layer, and forming a passivation layer at a position that does not overlap the pixel electrode.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes a first pixel and a second pixel, each having subpixels of three colors, red, green, and blue. Six subpixels included in the first and second pixels are arranged in two rows by three columns, and constitute a repetition unit to constitute a display portion. An aspect ratio of a vertical length to a horizontal length of the subpixel is approximately 3:4. An aspect ratio of a vertical length to a horizontal length of the repetition unit is approximately 1:2.

Abstract: An exemplary embodiment of the present invention provides a liquid crystal display including a first substrate, a gate line formed on the first substrate, an insulating layer formed on the gate line, and a pixel electrode which is formed on the insulating layer and includes a first subpixel electrode and a second subpixel electrode in which the pixel electrode is divided into three sub regions, the first subpixel electrode is formed in a first sub region and the second subpixel electrode is formed in a third sub region, and both the first subpixel electrode and the second subpixel electrode are formed in a second sub region.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes a gate line, a data line, and a pixel. The pixel includes first and second pixels displaying grayscales different from each other in response to a data voltage provided through the data line. The first pixel includes a first transistor including a gate electrode connected to the gate line and a first terminal connected to the data line and a first liquid crystal capacitor connected to a second terminal of the first transistor. The second pixel includes a second transistor including a gate electrode connected to the gate line and a first terminal connected to the second terminal of the first transistor and a second liquid crystal capacitor connected to a second terminal of the second transistor.

Abstract: The LCD panel of the present invention includes an array substrate, a color film substrate, and a liquid crystal layer. The array substrate includes a substrate, a data line, a scanning line, a pixel electrode, a thin-film field-effect transistor, and an insulative layer. The pixel electrode corresponds to a first area of the array substrate. The data line, the scanning line, and the thin-film field-effect transistor correspond to a second area of the array substrate. The thickness of the insulative layer on the first area is less than the thickness of the insulative layer on the second area. Liquid crystal usage is reduced by reducing the thickness of the insulative layer on the first area of the array substrate in the present invention.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display and a manufacturing method thereof are disclosed, whereby a common electrode having a planar shape is formed directly on a common voltage line, and a semiconductor layer is formed on the common electrode and a gate line. The common electrode and a pixel electrode are formed on one substrate, with the common electrode being formed directly on the common voltage line. Accordingly, the costs of manufacturing the liquid crystal display may be reduced, and signal delay of a common voltage can be prevented.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display including a first substrate, a gate line disposed on the first substrate, a gate insulating layer disposed on the gate line, a data line disposed on the gate insulating layer, a first passivation layer disposed on the data line, a color filter disposed on the first passivation layer, a second passivation layer disposed on the color filter, and a pixel electrode and a shielding electrode disposed on the passivation layer. The shielding electrode includes a lower layer formed at a same layer as that of the pixel electrode and an upper layer formed on the lower layer by using an opaque metal layer.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display and a manufacturing method thereof include a planar-shaped common electrode disposed directly on a common voltage line, and a semiconductor layer disposed on the common electrode and a gate line, serving as a gate insulating layer. Accordingly, it is possible to prevent signal delay of the common voltage and lower the manufacturing cost by disposing a common electrode and a pixel electrode on one substrate and disposing a common electrode directly on a common voltage line.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display panel and a display device are provided. The liquid crystal display includes a first common electrode, a second common electrode and pixels. The second common electrode and the first common electrode are electrically independent from each other. First pixels of the pixels are coupled to the first common electrode, and second pixels of the pixels are coupled to the second common electrode. Accordingly, usage or operation of the liquid crystal display panel is more flexible.

Abstract: Provided is an electrochromic device including a first electrochromic layer, which includes a first nanostructure having first pores and first electrochromic molecules provided on the first nanostructure, on a first electrode, an electrolyte disposed on a top surface of the first electrochromic layer and extending to first recessed portions of the first electrochromic layer, and a second nanostructure disposed on the electrolyte. The first nanostructure may have the first recessed portions in a top surface thereof. The second nanostructure may have second pores therein and second recessed portions in a bottom surface thereof.

Abstract: An imaging device contains: an image module, an optical switching module, and a light sensing control module. The optical switching module includes a base and an optical filter, the base has a bottom plate and a side plate, the bottom plate has an accommodating chamber, the side plate has a through hole communicating with the accommodating chamber, the optical filter has an electrochromic glass and an external wire, the electrochromic glass is electrically connected with the external wire, the light sensing control module includes a solar energy conversion unit and a control unit defined between the solar energy conversion unit and the external wire, the solar energy conversion unit transforms optical energy into electric energy, and the control unit controls an electrical connection between the solar energy conversion unit and the external wire based on the electric energy transformed from the solar energy conversion unit.

Abstract: It is an object to provide an electric field driving display device capable of displaying a high quality image and to provide an electric field driving display device in which residual images in an outline of a pixel is prevented from occurring. An insulating film is formed over a second electrode and a plurality of first electrodes are provided over the insulating film. Each of the first electrodes is electrically connected to the second electrode. The second electrode is provided to partly overlap a region between the adjacent two first electrodes. In other words, viewing the top and the bottom of the display device, the adjacent first electrodes are provided apart from each other and the second electrode is provided to embed a space between the adjacent first electrodes.

Abstract: An optical modulation device includes a first panel that includes a plurality of lower-panel electrodes, a second panel facing the first panel and that includes at least one upper-panel electrode, and a liquid crystal layer positioned between the first panel and the second panel. A method of driving the optical modulation device includes applying a voltage to the upper-panel electrode; forming a forward phase slope by applying a first driving signal to at least one lower-panel electrode corresponding to a first region; forming a backward phase slope by applying a second driving signal different from the first driving signal to at least one lower-panel electrode corresponding to a second region; and forming a flat phase slope by applying a third driving signal different from the first and second driving signals to at least one lower-panel electrode corresponding to a third region between the first and second regions.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention provide apparatuses and methods for phase correlated seeding of parametric mixer and for generating coherent frequency combs. The parametric mixer may use two phase-correlated optical waves with different carrier frequencies to generate new optical waves centered at frequencies differing from the input waves, while retaining the input wave coherent properties. In the case when parametric mixer is used to generate frequency combs with small frequency pitch, the phase correlation of the input (seed) waves can be achieved by electro-optical modulator and a single master laser. In the case when frequency comb possessing a frequency pitch that is larger than frequency modulation that can be affected by electro-optic modulator, the phase correlation of the input (seed) waves is achieved by combined use of an electro-optical modulator and injection locking to a single or multiple slave lasers.

Abstract: A focal-plane shutter includes: a board including an opening; a shutter opening and closing the opening; a drive lever provided with a drive pin and swinging; a drive arm provided with an engagement hole engaged with the drive pin, swinging about a center same as a swing center of the drive lever, driving the shutter, and made of a synthetic resin; and a restriction portion defining a swinging range of the drive lever.

Abstract: A camera includes a lens barrel including a first lens frame that supports a first lens and is configured to move in a direction perpendicular to an optical axis of the lens barrel, a second lens frame that supports a second lens and is configured to move in an optical-axis direction which is parallel to the optical axis; a first lock member configured to connect with the first lens frame to restrict movement of the first lens frame; a second lock member configured to connect with the second lens frame to restrict movement of the second lens frame; a connection portion that connects the first lock member and the second lock member; and an actuator configured to move one of the first lock member and the second lock member and thereby control the first lock member and the second lock member to restrict the movement.

Abstract: An apparatus for securing a camera housing (100) having a central axis (102) to a windshield (22) includes a bracket (20). The bracket (20) has a central axis (30) and extends from a first end (32) to a second end (34). A plurality of centering members (72) on the first end (32) of the bracket (20) is configured to engage the camera housing (100) to align the central axis (102) with the central axis (30). A plurality of locking members (90, 91) on the second end (34) of the bracket (20) is configured to form a snap-fit connection with the camera housing (100) to fasten the bracket (20) to the camera housing (100). The locking members (90, 91) are positioned on opposite sides of the central axis (30) of the bracket (20) with at least one locking member (90, 91) extending at an angle less than 90° to the central axis (30).

Abstract: A camera slider system that supports a camera for longitudinal sliding. The camera sliding system comprises a pair of longitudinal rail members and a carriage system. The rail members are spaced at a substantially constant distance apart. The carriage system further comprises of a base plate upon which a camera mounting plate is fixed, along with a pair of wheel support assemblies. Each wheel support assembly engages the corresponding rail member to support longitudinal movement. Each wheel assembly further comprises of three rollers, wherein two rollers engage the interior surface of the corresponding rail member, and one roller engages the exterior surface of the same rail member. The arrangement of rollers is coplanar with the plane of the rail members. The exterior roller of each wheel assembly is adjustable relative to the corresponding rail member to accommodate any flaw in the rail profile.

Abstract: An optical accessory mounting device and a method of mounting an optical accessory mounting device are provided. The optical accessory mounting device comprises a first engagement member and a second engagement member, the first engagement member being movably disposed against the second engagement member; one or more urging members capable of urging the first engagement member and the second engagement member apart from each other; a stopper member disposed between the first engagement member and the second engagement member; a counter-urging member capable of urging the first engagement member and the second engagement member towards each other; and wherein the counter-urging member is disposed between the stopper member and one of the first engagement member and the second engagement member to urge the first engagement member and the second engagement member towards each other translationally.

Abstract: In a projection optical apparatus, a refractive system includes a plurality of lens groups, one of which includes a first lens located in a position closest to a reflective system and a first lens frame having an accommodation section that accommodates the first lens. The first lens has a lens cutoff section, and the accommodation section has a wall section that is located outside the lens cutoff section and a first opening section that exposes a side surface of the first lens that is opposite the lens cutoff section. The wall section is provided with an open section that exposes the lens cutoff section. A guide barrel is so formed as to expose the first opening section and the open section. A projection optical apparatus enclosure has a second opening section that exposes the first opening section and is configured to be capable of exposing the open section.

Abstract: A projector includes a light source, a digital micro-mirror device (DMD), a first prism, a second prism, and a lens. The light source is used for emitting an incident light. The DMD is used for receiving and reflecting the incident light as an image light. The first prism is disposed between the light source and the DMD. The second prism is disposed between the first prism and the DMD. The first prism includes a first plane, a second plane, and an intermediate portion. The intermediate portion adjoins the first plane and includes a reflecting portion. The incident light from the second plane is reflected by the reflecting portion and then passes through the second plane. The second prism includes a fourth plane, a fifth plane, and a sixth plane. When the DMD is operated in an on-state, the image light passes through the sixth plane.

Abstract: Transparent displays enable many useful applications, including heads-up displays for cars and aircraft as well as displays on eyeglasses and glass windows. Unfortunately, transparent displays made of organic light-emitting diodes are typically expensive and opaque. Heads-up displays often require fixed light sources and have limited viewing angles. And transparent displays that use frequency conversion are typically energy inefficient. Conversely, the present transparent displays operate by scattering visible light from resonant nanoparticles with narrowband scattering cross sections and small absorption cross sections. More specifically, projecting an image onto a transparent screen doped with nanoparticles that selectively scatter light at the image wavelength(s) yields an image on the screen visible to an observer. Because the nanoparticles scatter light at only certain wavelengths, the screen is practically transparent under ambient light.

Abstract: Seamless display screens that are portable and can be installed in a fast manner, as well as a projection unit for use with several projectors as well as methods of making such display screens. The projection unit can be suitable for being used as a rear projection unit. Devices are provided for reducing depth of the projection unit, to compensate for blend zones and to make it easy to transport such as to be suitable for trade shows, e.g. mirrors or Fresnel lenses.

Abstract: A mask including: a transparent substrate and a light blocking layer thereon. The transparent substrate includes a first transmitting portion and a second transmitting portion each configured to pass light, and a light blocking portion configured to block light. The first transmitting portion includes a first transmitting region configured to pass light and a first light blocking region configured to block light, and area centers of the first transmitting region and the first light blocking region substantially coincide. The second transmitting portion includes a second transmitting region configured to pass light and a second light blocking region configured to block light, and area centers of the second transmitting region and the second light blocking region substantially coincide, so that the first transmitting portion is configured to pass light of a greater intensity and the second transmitting portion is configured to pass light of a lesser intensity.

Abstract: The purpose of the present invention is to further reliably reduce the contamination of photomask blanks due to the adherence of the dust and particles generated during the storage, transportation, or operation of the container while suppressing the effect on a resist pattern, thereby improving the quality and yield of the photomask blanks. The present invention pertains to a container (1) for storing photomask blanks that stores, transports, or safeguards photomask blanks (2), wherein at least one of the components is constituted by a thermoplastic resin where the amount of caprolactam measured by the dynamic head space method when kept for 60 minutes at 40° C. is 0.01 ppm or less n-decane conversion amount per resin weight, and the surface resistance value is no more than 1.0E+13 ohms.

Abstract: Provided are a colored composition having excellent heat resistance, excellent solvent resistance, and an excellent voltage holding ratio; a cured film; a color filter; a method for manufacturing a color filter; a solid-state imaging element; an image display device; and a compound. The colored composition includes a colorant comprising a repeating unit having a triarylmethane structure containing a cation, and a counter anion, and a polymerizable compound.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of generating a physical unclonable function (PUF) by causing unpredictable partial process failure for a semiconductor process. In a designing process, a second mask pattern may be printed by distorting a size and/or shape of at least one mask window included in a designed first mask pattern, without violating semiconductor design rules. A PUF may be generated using a photomask including the printed second mask pattern for photolithography.

Abstract: Organometallic solutions have been found to provide high resolution radiation based patterning using thin coatings. The patterning can involve irradiation of the coated surface with a selected pattern and developing the pattern with a developing agent to form the developed image. The patternable coatings may be susceptible to positive-tone patterning or negative-tone patterning based on the use of an organic developing agent or an aqueous acid or base developing agent. The radiation sensitive coatings can comprise a metal oxo/hydroxo network with organic ligands. A precursor solution can comprise an organic liquid and metal polynuclear oxo-hydroxo cations with organic ligands having metal carbon bonds and/or metal carboxylate bonds.

Abstract: The invention provides a resist pattern formation method, employing a resist pattern forming composition which includes at least a polymerizable monomer that is liquid at room temperature, an organic gelling agent, and a photopolymerization initiator. The method includes a step of preparing the resist pattern forming composition; a step of applying, onto a substrate, the prepared resist pattern forming composition, to thereby form a coating film; a step of forming a gel with the organic gelling agent present in the coating film; and a step of patterning the coating film which has been gelled by the organic gelling agent.

Abstract: A photosensitive resin composition comprises a component (A): a resin having a phenolic hydroxyl group; a component (B): an aliphatic compound having two or more functional groups, the functional groups being one or more group selected from an acryloyloxy group, a methacryloyloxy group, a glycidyloxy group and a hydroxyl group; a component (C): a photosensitive acid generator; and a component (D): an inorganic filler having an average particle diameter of 100 nm or less.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device, includes forming an energy-ray-curable resin layer containing a sensitizer for increasing sensitivity to exposure light, on an underlayer region including a semiconductor substrate, irradiating the energy-ray-curable resin layer with energy rays to form a lower layer film containing the sensitizer, forming a resist film on the lower layer film, diffusing the sensitizer from the lower layer film into the resist film by thermal treatment, irradiating the resist film in which the sensitizer is diffused with exposure light, and developing the resist film irradiated with the exposure light.

Abstract: A reticle of an exposure apparatus includes a reticle pattern that includes respective patterns of core areas of at least two chips, respective patterns of peripheral areas of the at least two chips, and a scribe lane pattern. With respect to the patterns of each of at least one pair of the chips, the patterns of the core areas of the chips are adjacent to each other. Alternatively, or in addition, with respect to the patterns of each of at least one pair of the chips, the patterns of the peripheral areas of those chips are adjacent to each other. In the case of the patterns of the core areas of two of the chips and/or the patterns of the peripheral areas of the chips, the patterns are disposed directly across from each other on opposite sides of the scribe lane pattern.

Abstract: An arrangement for a lithography apparatus has a component and a weight compensating device to compensate for a weight of the component. The weight compensating device includes a first magnetic device and a second magnetic device. The first magnetic device is designed to exert a first magnetic force on the component. The first magnetic force exceeds the weight of the component. The first magnetic force acts counter to the weight of the component. The second magnetic device is designed to exert a second magnetic force on the component. The second magnetic force acts in the direction of the weight of the component. The first magnetic force corresponds to the sum of the second magnetic force and the weight. The second magnetic device is designed to reduce the second magnetic force at the same time and by the same absolute value as the first magnetic force.

Abstract: There is provided an exposure apparatus capable of forming a desirable device pattern by removing unnecessary liquid when performing exposure by projecting a pattern onto the substrate via a projection optical system and the liquid. The exposure device projects an image of the pattern onto the substrate via the projection optical system and the liquid so as to expose the substrate. The exposure device includes a liquid removing mechanism which removes the liquid remaining on a part arranged in the vicinity of the image plane of the projection optical system.

Abstract: A method provides an integrated circuit (IC) substrate having first and second alignment marks defined in a first pattern layer, and third and fourth alignment marks defined in a second pattern layer. The first and second alignment marks are illuminated, through a photomask, with a first light to determine a first layer alignment error including a first alignment error and a second alignment error. The first alignment error has more weight than the second alignment error in determining the first layer alignment error. The third and fourth alignment marks are illuminated with a second light to determine a second layer alignment error including a third alignment error in relation to the third alignment mark and a fourth alignment error in relation to the fourth alignment mark. The third alignment error has more weight than the fourth alignment error in determining the second layer alignment error.

Abstract: An exposure device includes a rotation driving section that rotationally drives an exposure object; a light irradiation section that irradiates an exposure surface of the exposure object with laser light; a slide moving section secured to the rotation driving section or the light irradiation section, and moving the rotation driving section or the light irradiation section along the exposure surface in a direction crossing a direction of rotation of the rotation driving section; a signal generating section that transmits an analog modulating signal to the light irradiation section in accordance with a rotation synchronization signal from the rotation driving section, the analog modulating signal causing an intensity of the laser light to be changed; and a controlling section that controls movements of the rotation driving section, the slide moving section, and the light irradiation section.

Abstract: Multi-beam pattern generators employing processors to vary delivered dose of writing beams according to photoresist thicknesses, and associated methods are disclosed. A pattern generator may write a pattern upon a substrate having a photoresist which is sensitive to the writing beams. The pattern may be written in respective writing cycles when the writing beams write at least a portion of the pattern at writing pixel locations. A beam actuator of the pattern generator may independently direct the writing beams to the writing pixels to deliver respective pixel doses during each writing cycle. Pixel doses delivered may be adjusted according to a thickness of the photoresist at various writing pixel locations according to one or more approaches, using one or more of: actuator dwell times, emitted pulse duration, emitted pulse frequency, and emitted pulse intensity. In this manner, additional dimensional control is provided for substrates having variable photoresist thicknesses.

Abstract: A method for controlling a microlithographic projection exposure apparatus includes: determining a wavefront error of the projection exposure apparatus; generating a travel vector, suitable for correcting the wavefront error, with travels for each zone of the optical manipulator; establishing a constraint parameter with respect to the travel for at least one zone of the optical manipulator; and checking the travels of the generated travel vector with respect to implementability.

Abstract: A display manufacturing method comprises steps of: moving a first substrate and a second substrate by a conveying apparatus; and implementing a first exposure and a second exposure of the first substrate and a first exposure and a second exposure of the second substrate by at least one light emitting element when the conveying apparatus drives the first and second substrates to pass through the light source module. When the first exposures of the first and second substrates are implemented, the moving directions of the first and second substrates are opposite, or when the second exposures of the first and second substrates are implemented, the moving directions of the first and second substrates are opposite. A photo alignment process is also disclosed.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member comprises a support, an undercoat layer, a charge generation layer and a hole transporting layer disposed in this order. The undercoat layer contains silica particles and a polymer of a composition including an electron transporting material having a polar group selected from the group consisting of a hydroxy group, a thiol group, an amino group, a carboxy group and a methoxy group, and a cross-linking agent. The content of the electron transporting material in the composition is 30 to 70 mass % relative to the total mass of the composition and the content of the silica particles in the undercoat layer is 1 to 30 mass % relative to the total mass of the electron transporting material.

Abstract: Provided is coating film-removing method for removing unnecessary coating film on outer peripheral surface of lower side of cylindrical substrate by dip coating, the method comprising: supplying solvent to inside of substrate; causing, through use of outer peripheral surface coating film-removing member configured to remove coating film at portion to be subjected to coating film removal in outer peripheral surface of the substrate, the outer peripheral surface coating film-removing member to abut against region ranging from upper end to lower end of coating film at the portion; and removing, under a state wherein the outer peripheral surface coating film-removing member abuts against the region, the coating film at the portion through rubbing by relatively rotating the substrate and the outer peripheral surface coating film-removing member while supplying the solvent, which is supplied to inside and then flows to lower end of the substrate, to abutting portion.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a support and a photosensitive layer in this order. The photosensitive layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member contains a chlorogallium phthalocyanine crystal having peaks at 7.8°, 16.4°, 24.3°, and 27.8° in an X-ray diffraction pattern (Bragg angle: 2?±0.2°) using the CuK? line.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a conductive substrate, an undercoat layer provided on the conductive substrate and including metal oxide particles, and a photosensitive layer provided on the undercoat layer, wherein, at the time of performing Cole-Cole plot analysis with respect to the undercoat layer, an angular frequency ?max, at which a maximum complex impedance component is obtained, falls within a range of 2 (rad)??max?10 (rad).

Abstract: A support, a conductive layer, and an intermediate layer of an electrophotographic photosensitive member have a particular surface profile. The intermediate layer is a cured film containing particles.

Abstract: An electrostatic charge image developing toner includes a toner particles containing a binder resin and a metallic pigment and aliphatic acid metal salt particles as an external additive in an amount of from 0.1 parts by weight to 2.0 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the toner particles, wherein the toner particles have an average circle equivalent diameter D longer than an average C of a maximum thickness of the toner particles.

Abstract: The disclosure provides sustainable toner particles of from about 180 nm to about 250 nm in a sustainable toner composition having a hot offset temperature of from about 190° C. to about 220° C.

Abstract: The present invention provides a toner excellent in both saturation and light resistance. The toner includes toner particles containing a binder resin and a colorant. The colorant is a pyridoneazo compound having a specific structure.