Abstract: An end pressure plate is provided for an electrochemical cell stack or an electrolyser module. The end pressure plates comprise a load transfer plate for maintaining even pressure over the faces of the structural plates, and a backing plate for supporting load transferred from the load transfer plate.

Abstract: Selective electrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) to carbon monoxide (CO) on gold (Au) nanoparticles (NPs) in 0.5 M KHCO3 at 25° C. Among monodisperse 4-, 6-, 8-, and 10-nm NPs tested, the 8 nm Au NPs show the maximum Faradaic efficiency (FE), up to 90% at ?0.67 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations suggest that edge sites dominate over corner sites on the Au NP surface facilitating stabilization of the reduction intermediates, such as COOH1*, and the formation of CO. This mechanism is further supported by the fact that Au NPs embedded in a matrix of butyl-3methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate for more efficient COOH* stabilization exhibit even higher reaction activity (3 A/g mass activity) and selectivity (97% FE) at ?0.52 V (vs. RHE). Use of monodisperse Au NPs to optimize the available reaction intermediate binding sites thus allows efficient and selective electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 to CO.

Abstract: Various embodiments provide a process roasting a metal bearing material under oxidizing conditions to produce an oxidized metal bearing material, roasting the oxidized metal bearing material under reducing conditions to produce a roasted metal bearing material, and leaching the roasted metal bearing material in a basic medium to yield a pregnant leach solution.

Abstract: The application is directed towards methods for purifying an aluminum feedstock material. A method provides: (a) feeding an aluminum feedstock into a cell (b) directing an electric current into an anode through an electrolyte and into a cathode, wherein the anode comprises an elongate vertical anode, and wherein the cathode comprises an elongate vertical cathode, wherein the anode and cathode are configured to extend into the electrolyte zone, such that within the electrolyte zone the anode and cathode are configured with an anode-cathode overlap and an anode-cathode distance; and producing some purified aluminum product from the aluminum feedstock.

Abstract: The invention comprises an assembly or apparatus for removing metal ions from an aqueous stream of metals by an electrolytic process. The apparatus comprises an electrochemical-cell assembly having at least one knit-mesh metal cathode porous to an aqueous stream of metal ions and at least one anode. The metal-mesh cathode may be of the same metal as one of the metals in the aqueous stream. By electrodeposition, at least one metal ion from the stream is precipitated onto the metal-mesh cathode in the cell assembly.

Abstract: A drum electrode, which is used for a device configured to plate a surface of a long base material having electrical conductivity with a metal, includes a power feeding layer, an insulating layer which covers a surface of the power feeding layer, and a projecting electrode which projects from the surface of the insulating layer and is electrically connected to the power feeding layer, in which the projecting electrode is provided linearly in the circumferential direction of the drum electrode.

Abstract: A multiplicity of sleeve subassemblies each include an electrically insulative portion, and are configured to support an electrical contact having a socket. Each insulative portion has a socket bore and at least one radial aperture extending radially outward therefrom. The sleeve subassemblies are transported across a plating bath whereby at least a lower segment of the insulative portions become submerged in plating solution. The socket bore maskingly engages the contact, thereby substantially preventing plating solution from contacting the outer surface of the socket. The radial apertures facilitate the continuous flow of plating solution through each socket so as to enable selective plating of the socket inner surface. The sleeve subassemblies may be formed from mutually-engageable half-sleeves conveyed on separate closed-loop transport belts so as to facilitate efficient loading, plating and release of the electrical contacts.

Abstract: Provided is a surface-treated steel sheet with a compound layer containing F and composed essentially or Zr at least on one surface thereof, wherein the Zr amount is 80 to 350 mg/m2 and the F amount is 0.5 to 10 mg/m2 within the layer, and an organic resin coated metal container manufactured using the surface-treated steel sheet. The surface-treated steel sheet of the present invention is manufactured through forming a layer having the Zr amount of 80 to 350 mg/m2 at least on one surface of a steel sheet by cathode electrolytic treatment in an aqueous solution containing a Zr ion and F ion, and subsequently adjusting the surface to control the F amount to 0.5 to 10 mg/m2 by one or more treatments selected from immersion and spraying with an ion-containing aqueous solution and cathode electrolytic treatment in the ion-containing aqueous solution.

Abstract: A method is provided for treating a metal surface. The method comprises electrochemically treating the metal surface to form a first metal oxide coating, removing a portion of the first metal oxide coating to form and exposed metal surface, and electrochemically treating the exposed metal surface to form a second oxide coating on the metal surface.

Abstract: A method for recycling metallic material produced by an electrochemical material removal process. The method includes flowing an electrolyte solution between an anode workpiece and a cathode tool in a first electrolytic process, the first electrolytic process including applying a first electrolytic current and voltage between the anode workpiece and the cathode tool and thereby causing metal ions to be removed from the anode workpiece and dissolved and substantially retained in the electrolyte solution. The electrolyte solution with the metal ions therein is passed between an electrowinning cathode and an electrowinning anode in a second electrolytic process, the second electrolytic process including applying a second electrolytic current and voltage between the electrowinning cathode and the electrowinning anode and thereby causing the metal ions to be removed from the electrolyte solution and deposited onto the electrowinning cathode.

Abstract: A process for forming graphene, includes: depositing at least a first and a second metal onto a surface of silicon carbide (SiC), and heating the SiC and the first and second metals under conditions that cause the first metal to react with silicon of the silicon carbide to form carbon and at least one stable silicide. The corresponding solubilities of the carbon in the stable silicide and in the second metal are sufficiently low that the carbon produced by the silicide reaction forms a graphene layer on the SiC.

Abstract: A substrate, in particular intended for contact with liquid silicon, wherein it is at least partially surface-coated with a multilayer coating formed by: at least one layer, known as the adhesion layer, contiguous with the substrate, having an open porosity of at least 30%, and formed of a material comprising silica and silicon nitride, said material having a silica content of between 10 wt.-% and 55 wt.-% in relation to the total weight thereof; and a layer different from the adhesion layer, known as the release layer, located on the surface of the adhesion layer and formed of a material including silica and silicon nitride, said material having a silica content of between 2 wt.-% and 10 wt.-% in relation to the total weight thereof.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a silicon ingot having uniform phosphorus concentration. The method includes at least the steps of: (i) providing a quasi-uniform molten silicon bath containing at least phosphorus; and (ii) proceeding to the directional solidification of the silicon, wherein a speed (VI) for solidifying the silicon and a rate (JLV) of evaporation of the phosphorus at the liquid/vapor interface of the bath are controlled such that, at each moment of the directional solidification, the following equation is verified: VI=k?/(2?k) (E), wherein k? is the phosphorus transfer coefficient, and k is the distribution coefficient of the phosphorus in the silicon. Also relates to a silicon ingot having uniform phosphorus concentration across a height of at least 20 cm.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for a production of silicon ingots, such as crucible-less production of silicon ingots, where a support with a seed layer and a liquid layer is gradually lowered in a temperature field with a vertical gradient to solidify the liquid layer in a controlled way.

Abstract: The disclosure provides a method for growing GZO (ZnO:Ga) single crystals and relates to the technical field of crystal growth. The method may include the following steps: firstly, preparing compact, uniform and single-phase polycrystalline rods; secondly, optimizing the components and the proportions of flux; finally, optimizing the process parameters of travelling solvent floating zone crystal growth method for GZO, such as growth power, growth rate and rotation speed, etc. GZO crystals grown by this disclosure are high in crystalline quality, consistent in growth direction and excellent in electrical properties.

Abstract: A SiC single crystal having low density of threading screw dislocations, threading edge dislocations, micropipe defects, base plane dislocations and stacking faults is provided. This is achieved by a method for producing a SiC single crystal in which a SiC seed crystal substrate is contacted with a Si—C solution having a temperature gradient such that the temperature decreases from the interior toward the surface, to grow a SiC single crystal, the method including: a first step in which a SiC single crystal is grown with a (1-100) plane as the growth surface, a second step in which a {0001} plane is exposed from the grown SiC single crystal, and a third step in which the SiC single crystal having the exposed {0001} plane is used as a seed crystal, and the {0001} plane is used as the growth surface for growth of a SiC single crystal.

Abstract: There is provided a process for manufacturing a porous diamond having a tridimensional (3D) structure, the process comprising the steps of a) using a porous substrate with a defined porosity size to deposit and grow diamond material having a controlled thickness, thus forming a unit consisting of the 3D porous diamond coated on the porous substrate; and b) removing the porous substrate to obtain a pure synthetic porous 3D diamond.

Abstract: A method of producing a synthetic diamond is disclosed, the method comprising: (a) capturing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere; (b) conducting electrolysis of water to provide hydrogen; (c) reacting the carbon dioxide obtained from step (a) with the hydrogen obtained from step (b) to produce methane; and (d) using the hydrogen obtained from step (b) and the methane obtained from step (c) to produce a synthetic diamond by chemical vapour deposition (CVD).

Abstract: A nonpolar III-nitride film grown on a miscut angle of a substrate, in order to suppress the surface undulations, is provided. The surface morphology of the film is improved with a miscut angle towards an ?-axis direction comprising a 0.15° or greater miscut angle towards the ?-axis direction and a less than 30° miscut angle towards the ?-axis direction.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to improve spinnability, productivity, and tensile strength of a polyester fiber containing poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate). By spinning the polyester resin containing the poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) at a high spinning velocity, the spinnability, productivity, and tensile strength of the polyester fiber can be improved.

Abstract: Provided are nylon fibers having fire retardant agents dispersed therein and methods for manufacturing such fibers. The fire retardant agents may comprise Tis(tribromophenyl) triazine and/or antimony trioxide. Fabrics made from such fibers are also provided.

Abstract: A cleaning head (1) of a cleaning device (2) for cleaning a spinning rotor (3) featuring a fiber slide wall (4), a fiber collection groove (5) and an open edge (6) can, by means of a feed device of the cleaning device (2), be fed into a predetermined cleaning position (I) in the interior of the spinning rotor (3). The cleaning head (1) features at least one cleaning element formed as a scraper element (7), which is arranged on the cleaning head (1) in such a manner that, in the predetermined cleaning position (I) of the cleaning head (1), it is fed to the open edge (6) of the spinning rotor (3). A cleaning device (2) features a corresponding cleaning head (1) for cleaning a spinning rotor (3). With a method for cleaning a spinning rotor (3) by means of a cleaning device (2), which features such a cleaning head (1), after the feed of the cleaning head (1) into the cleaning position, the open edge (6) of the spinning rotor (3) is cleaned by means of a scraper element (7).

Abstract: This invention relates to a Denim protective fabric, with fire-retardant properties, and the process of dyeing the warp with indigo blue dye on a mixture of cellulosic and synthetic fibres, in order to obtain a permanently fire-retardant fabric, resistant to flame, heat, breaking, tearing, cutting and abrasion by impact. The resulting fabric is also antistatic and can be considered as a protective fabric like fire-retardant Denim and also a multi-risk fabric. The indigo blue dye is applied on a mixture of cellulosic and synthetic fibres with permanently fire-retardant properties such as fire-retardant viscose, fire-retardant modal, modacrylic, polyacrylate, polyamide, polyester, antistatic carbon, para-aramid, meta-aramid, polyamide-imide, polyethylene, PBI, with the aim of obtaining an authentic Denim jeans fabric, with the characteristics of the tincture based on indigo blue dye that loses its colour on rubbing, with use and washing.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for applying forces and motions to warp threads (1, 1?) of a weaving machine with the following method steps: deflecting the warp threads (1, 1?) via a thread deflecting element (2) which is supported pivotably about a pivot axis (3); applying spring forces to the thread deflecting element (2) via more than three force application points (5) along a first line (6) which extends parallel to the pivot axis (3), wherein the spring forces are applied by at least one spring element (4); applying a prescribed positively constrained oscillating motion (38) onto the thread deflecting element (2) wherein this motion (38) is applied by a drive means (7) via a drive element (8), wherein the forces on the thread deflecting element (2) are supported partially via the thread deflecting element (2) on the at least one spring element (4) and partially via the drive element (8) on the drive means (7). The invention also relates to a corresponding apparatus.

Abstract: A jointless braided sealing ring and a method and a special machine for producing it are disclosed. The braided sealing ring adopts a multi-layers braided structure comprising a number of continuously sleeved ring layers arranged from inside to outside. The innermost braided ring layer is the core. The tail end of the first braided ring layer is sleeved on the starting end of the first braided ring layer and serves as the starting end of the second braided ring layer to implement continuous braiding without interruption. N braided ring layers have (N?1) continuous intact braided ring layers. The tail end of the outermost braided ring layer is superposed with the starting end of the innermost braided ring layer. Service life and sealing effect are increased. A perimeter-defining ring in the sealing ring improves dimensions precision of sealing ring, and avoids deforming the sealing ring during braiding and trimming.

Abstract: A glass fibre mat comprises glass fibres of a first kind, glass fibres of a second kind and a binding agent. Glass fibres of the first kind in this case are characterized by a mean fibre diameter of under 6 ?m and compliance with the EC Protocol “ECB/TM/27 rev. 7” and glass fibres of the second kind by a mean fibre diameter of over 6 ?m. The ratio between the weight component of glass fibres of the first kind and the weight component of glass fibres of the second kind is between 0.01 and 0.15. And the surface weight of the glass fibre mat is between 25 g/m2 and 80 g/m2. In a CV floor covering comprising a usable layer and a structural layer, the structural layer comprises a glass fibre mat of this kind provided with impregnation.

Abstract: A sheet manufacturing apparatus includes a mixing unit in which fibers and a composite integrally including a resin and a coloring material are mixed, and a bonding unit that bonds the fibers and the composite. Additionally, a sheet manufacturing apparatus includes a mixing unit in which fibers and a composite integrally including a resin and a coagulation inhibitor are mixed, and a bonding unit that bonds the fibers and the composite.

Abstract: Hook for lockstitch sewing machine, both of the rotary type and of the Central Bobbin type (CB-shuttle or CB-hook), which includes a bobbin case (508, 708, 808, 908, 1008, 1108, 1208) with an improved slide, composed of multiple components, including a slide body (515a, 615a, 715a, 815a, 915a, 1115a, 1215a) which performs entirely the functions of guiding the slide on the bobbin case and of creation of the leverage with the lever (16, 16b), and at least one secondary component (582, 782, 882, 982, 1182, 1286), fixed to the slide body and apt to perform the function of slide's claw or guide and/or protection of the thread.

Abstract: Presented are a method, apparatus, and computer-readable medium for braking. The apparatus includes a plurality of rails, the plurality of rails comprising an x-axis rail and a y-axis rail, and a sewing head, the sewing head moveable along the plurality of rails. The apparatus further includes a first brake, the first brake affixed to the sewing head relative to the x-axis rail and able to selectively engage the x-axis rail, the first brake operable between an open position and a closed position, the open position allowing movement of the sewing head along the x-axis rail, the closed position substantially preventing movement of the sewing head along the x-axis rail. The apparatus further includes a second brake, the second brake affixed to the sewing head relative to the y-axis rail and able to selectively engage the y-axis rail.

Abstract: A cord guide device that is attached to a guide attachment rod of a sewing machine body, the cord guide device including a disc-shaped cord guide in which a needle hole through which a sewing needle passes is provided in a center and in which a guide hole through which a piece of cord or the like passes is provided, the guide hole being positioned eccentrically with respect to the needle hole; a guide support board that supports an underside of the cord guide; a pressing holder that, by being connected to the guide support board, restricts an upper surface of the cord guide and holds the cord guide such that the cord guide is rotatable about the needle hole; and a rotation mechanism that rotates the cord guide according to a movement of a piece of cloth.

Abstract: A dimensionally stable floor covering comprises a tufted textile substrate and a reinforcement layer attached to the textile substrate. The reinforcement layer includes an adhesive backing compound and reinforcement fibers surrounded by the adhesive backing. The fibers may form a continuous layer on the back side of the floor covering or may be dispersed within the adhesive backing compound. The adhesive backing compound may be hot water-soluble to facilitate recycling of the floor covering. The floor covering may optionally include additional backing layers (including cushions) and may be used as a broadloom carpet, a carpet tile, or other modular floor covering products. Methods of manufacturing, installing, and recycling the present floor coverings are also provided.

Abstract: A wetsuit washing system includes at least one hanger assembly. A piping arrangement is in communication with the at least one hanger assembly. The piping arrangement distributes a liquid to the at least one hanger assembly. A pump pumps the liquid from a reservoir through the piping arrangement to the at least one hanger assembly. The at least one hanger assembly includes a hollow first irrigation member to permit the flow of liquid there through. The first irrigation member includes first and second support elements. The first support element is substantially arcuate in a first dimension. The second support element is substantially elliptical in a second dimension.

Abstract: A washing machine includes a door and an auxiliary washing unit that may be readily fastened to each other by a locking unit for fastening the door and the auxiliary washing unit. The washing machine includes a main body in which an opening is formed, a door that opens and closes the opening, an auxiliary washing unit that is provided on an inner side of the door to form an auxiliary washing space, and a locking unit that locks the door and the auxiliary washing unit. Here, the locking unit may perform linear motion in one direction to lock or unlock the door and the auxiliary washing unit.

Abstract: A washing machine for treating laundry comprising a basket rotatable about a first rotational axis, having a peripheral side wall extending upwardly from a bottom wall to at least partially define a treating chamber; a clothes mover proximate the bottom wall, having a base with a centrally located hub concentric with a second rotational axis about which the clothes mover reciprocally rotates; and at least one vane having an elongated body extending away from the hub and projecting upwardly from the clothes mover to terminate in a tip.

Abstract: A washing machine comprises: a tub; a drum provided to be rotatable inside the tub and holding laundry; a drive motor rotating the drum; a ring-shaped balancer housing coupled to the drum; a balancer provided to be movable inside the balancer housing and including a weight that offsets an unbalanced load that occurs due to the laundry during a spin-dry cycle, and a moving unit that moves the weight; and a control unit performing a balancing operation for moving the balancer to a balancing position for offsetting the unbalanced load, and performing a compensating operation for moving the balancer to a compensating position to compensate for a reduced unbalanced state of the unbalanced load. The washing machine can automatically offset an unbalanced load due to laundry during a spin-dry cycle, and can compensate for a reduced unbalanced state of an unbalanced load due to rinsing, so as to reduce vibrations and noise from the washing machine during a spin-dry cycle.

Abstract: A washing machine comprises a drum and a heat pump system for heating water to be fed to the drum in a washing program. The heat pump system has an evaporator in heat exchange relationship with a room air flow and a condenser in heat exchange relationship with water to be heated, an air deflector being configured to divert said room air flow downstream the evaporator away from the condenser in a water heating configuration and to convey said air towards the condenser in a room air dehumidifying configuration of the washing machine.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a clothing dryer in which a structure of a door locking device is improved and a door is detachable from a main body. The clothing dryer includes a main body including a coupling hole formed in a front surface thereof, a drying drum installed inside the main body and including an opening formed in a front surface thereof, a door, and a door locking device coupled to the coupling hole and installed in the main body so that the engaging member is detachable from the main body, and the door locking device includes a body unit, a locking unit disposed inside the body unit and from which the engaging member is detachable, and a restoring member which is provided between the body unit and the coupling hole, supports the body unit, and includes a restoring force.

Abstract: A clothes treating apparatus including a drum, an air suction duct forming a flow path of air introduced into the drum, an auxiliary fan introducing air into the air suction duct, an air exhaustion duct forming a flow path of air exhausted from the drum, a main fan exhausting air to the air exhaustion duct from the drum, a condenser heating air sucked into the drum through the air suction duct, an evaporator cooling air exhausted from the drum through the air exhaustion duct, and a compressor and an expander forming a heat pump together with the condenser and the evaporator, The method includes measuring a discharge side pressure of the compressor, and comparing the measured discharge side pressure with a maximum allowable pressure, and determining that the auxiliary fan does not operate when the discharge side pressure is more than the maximum allowable pressure.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for producing a sizing agent-coated carbon fibers, wherein at least one kind of sizing agent that is selected from the group consisting of sizing agents (a), (b) and (c) is used for coating, in each of the sizing agents a bi- or higher functional epoxy compound (A1) and/or an epoxy compound (A2) being used as a component (A), and the epoxy compound (A2) having a mono- or higher functional epoxy group and at least one functional group that is selected from among a hydroxyl group, an amide group, an imide group, a urethane group, a urea group, a sulfonyl group and a sulfo group. The sizing agent is applied to carbon fibers and the resulting is subjected to a heat treatment within the temperature range of 160-260° C. for 30-600 seconds.

Abstract: Vapor-permeable, substantially water-impermeable, corrosion-inhibiting composites are disclosed herein. For instance, disclosed herein are composites comprising a first layer comprising a first nonwoven; and a second layer adjacent to and mechanically integrated with the first layer, the second layer comprising a polymer having a melt flow index of about 10 g/10 mins to about 200 g/10 mins, and a corrosion inhibitor, wherein the composite has a moisture vapor transmission rate of from about 25 g/m2/day to about 1000 g/m2/day when measured at about 23° C. and about 50% relative humidity. Also disclosed herein are methods of making and using the same.

Abstract: A penetrant liquid for ink jet textile printing includes a compound containing a lactam structure and water, in which the content of the compound containing a lactam structure is 20% by mass or more.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a phase-transfer catalytic colour fixation processing method for a textile. The processing method comprises the following steps: dyeing a natural fibre textile in a supercritical carbon dioxide fluid waterless dyeing system using a disperse reactive dye, and then realizing a reaction fixation of the dye on the fibres using a phase transfer catalyst in the supercritical carbon dioxide fluid. Since the method utilizes the action of the phase-transfer catalyst in the colour fixation stage, an ionized colour fixation reaction accelerator and the like is effectively transferred to the supercritical carbon dioxide colour fixation fluid and solid-phase fibres, thus improving the nucleophilic reactivity of the functional group on the fibres, achieving the colour fixation reaction between the fibres and the dye in the supercritical carbon dioxide fluid conditions, and improving the colour fixation efficiency of the dye on the fibres.

Abstract: The air hood (3) for Yankee rolls (1) comprises at least one supply circuit (5, 6, 7) to supply dry hot air towards outlets (7A) to a working area, and at least one suction circuit (11) to suck wet air from the working area. The hood comprises a thermal insulation insulating at least partially the supply circuit from the suction circuit.

Abstract: Sanitary tissue products employing 3D patterned fibrous structure plies having a surface comprising a novel three-dimensional (3D) pattern such that the 3D patterned fibrous structures and/or sanitary tissue products employing the fibrous structures exhibit novel cushiness as evidenced by compressibility of the fibrous structures and/or sanitary tissue products, novel flexibility as evidenced by plate stiffness of the fibrous structures and/or sanitary tissue products, and/or surface smoothness as evidenced by slip stick coefficient of friction of the fibrous structures and/or sanitary tissue products, and methods for making same, are provided.

Abstract: A sheet manufacturing apparatus includes a screening unit having first openings for screening a defibrated material that is defibrating-processed; a refining unit that has second openings having sizes equal to or greater than sizes of the first openings and refines the defibrated material passing through the screening unit by causing the defibrated material to pass through the second openings; and a deposition unit on which the defibrated material passing through the refining unit is deposited.

Abstract: The instant invention pertains to a method for the production of brilliant glossy metal coatings on paper substrates. Further aspects of the invention are a paper product obtainable using the method and the use of such a paper for decorative or packaging purposes.

Abstract: A tie resin is provided that is an extrudable blend of anhydride modified polypropylene and anhydride modified polyethylene suitable for use as a tie resin in coextrusions of polypropylene, polyethylene, nylon and EVOH materials.

Abstract: Compositions such as filled and coated papers may include microfibrillated cellulose and inorganic particulate material.

Abstract: A starch-based coating compound for packaging materials, in particular for paper, pasteboard or cardboard, wherein the starch has a molecular weight in the range of 800,000 to 50,000,000 g/mol, preferably in the range of 800,000 to 20,000,000 g/mol. The coating compound is used for surface-sealing packaging materials, to prevent the passage of mineral oil contaminants from the packaging material into packaged goods. The subject disclosure furthermore relates to a multi-layer packaging material, which is produced using the coating compound, and to a method for producing said packaging material.

Abstract: A coated paperboard is disclosed which includes a base coat and top coat containing substantially no fluorochemical or wax, exhibiting good resistance to oil and grease, no tendency toward blocking, and being fully repulpable. Improved moisture resistance is also exhibited.