Abstract: The present invention comprises an outdoor grill having a burner box, a cooking surface disposed above the burner box an infrared heating element disposed within the burner box and a reflector that reflects heat waves emitted from the infrared heating element towards the cooking surface. The reflector includes a first end portion, a central portion and a second end portion. The lateral wings can include two angled plates that create a lateral wing ridge. The central portion can include two angled plates that create a central ridge that interconnects the later wings.

Abstract: A food storage container is provided. The container includes a housing with a bottom, a first side wall, and a second side wall fixed to the first side wall that defines a food storage volume therewithin. The first side wall extends from a first end portion that includes a first peg that extends therefrom in a direction parallel with a plane through the first side wall. A third side wall is removably mounted to the first peg, wherein when mounted to the first peg, the third side wall establishes a barrier of the food storage volume different than barriers of the food storage volume provided by the bottom, the first side wall, and the second side wall. When the third side wall is removed from the first peg, the food storage volume may be accessed through a void left by the removal of the third side wall.

Abstract: A food processor driven by en electric motor includes a stirrer vessel and a stirring mechanism in the stirrer vessel, an optional heater, and also a volatile or non-volatile memory in which useful date for using the food processor can be stored. The food processor is provided with a loudspeaker and a data file is used for producing sound by the loudspeaker, for example for outputting speech, music or sounds.

Abstract: A stand mixer (10) comprises a head unit (50) having a lower surface presenting, in operation, a downwardly-facing drive outlet for driving in rotation at least one tool suspended therefrom. The head unit is supported with the downwardly-facing drive outlet above a receiving location (30) for a mixing bowl (40). Driving means, including an electric motor (70) and associated transmission means for conveying rotary drive to the drive outlet, are provided. The mixer further comprises first (80) and second (90) coaxial driving outlets presented on an upper surface (52) of the head unit (50); the coaxial outlets (80, 90) nm at different speeds and are driven from the motor (70) by means of an epicyclic gearbox (100). The motor (70) is housed in the support means (60) with its drive shaft (72) in substantial alignment with the coaxial drive outlets (80, 90).

Abstract: Various embodiments of a liquid agitation container are provided. In one embodiment, a liquid agitation container is provided, the container comprising: a cup including a bottom and a sidewall, and a cup interior defined by the bottom and the sidewall, wherein the cup includes at least one spiral element oriented on the sidewall and extending into the cup interior; and a lid removably connected to the cup, wherein the lid includes a compartment that opens onto a top surface of the lid, and wherein the lid includes a compartment closure removably connected to the lid to at least partially seal the compartment.

Abstract: A liquid dispenser is disclosed. The liquid dispenser includes a reservoir for containing liquid to be dispensed; a dispenser outlet for discharge of the liquid from the reservoir; a discharge mechanism operable to discharge the liquid from the dispenser outlet when activated; and a personal dispenser removably coupled to the dispenser outlet. The personal dispenser includes a receptacle for containing the liquid discharged from the dispenser outlet; an inlet port for receiving the liquid discharged from the dispenser outlet; and an outlet port for discharge of the liquid from the receptacle.

Abstract: The present invention provides a housingless liquid soap dispenser, comprising: a) an elongated chamber in which liquid soap is contained, wherein the length of the chamber is at least 25 cm and its width or diameter is ranging from 28-45 mm; b) a shoulder protruding laterally from the chamber at an upper end thereof; c) a neck portion extending upwardly from the shoulder; d) a manual pumping device fitted on top of the neck portion and in fluid communication with the chamber; and e) a discharge tube extending from the pumping device for dispensing a dose of liquid soap from the chamber. The shoulder has a slanted profile for enhancing the stability of the dispenser after its installation in removable abutting relation with, but not coupled to, a planar support surface of a countertop or a sink, such that the shoulder rests on top of the support surface while the chamber is inserted by a maximum extent through an aperture formed in the support surface.

Abstract: A body cleaning head includes an outer case provided with a suction port and provided therein with a reflow passage communicating with the suction port; an a water pipe assembly provided within the reflow passage; the water pipe assembly includes a pipe bracket fixedly provided within the outer case, a water discharge hose is inserted and fitted within the pipe bracket and an end of the water discharge hose adjacent to the suction port is protruded from the pipe bracket, and around the protruded end, an elastic body and a slide sleeve are provided, the elastic body is located between the pipe bracket and the slide sleeve, and the slide sleeve is axially movable relative to the pipe bracket. A body cleaning tool is further provided.

Abstract: A surface cleaning apparatus having a main body, a first wheel positioned at or near a first end of the main body, a second wheel positioned at or near a second end of the main body, and the main body is generally cylindrical and a portion of the main body positioned in between a central region of the main body and each wheel has a radius which increases as it extends towards each wheel.

Abstract: A surface cleaning apparatus having a body (12), a primary air inlet (70), a first wheel (14), preferably the first wheel being positioned at or near a first end of the body, and a second wheel (16), preferably the second wheel being positioned at or near a second end of the body, a source of suction, and a chamber (100) for receiving dirt, which chamber is in fluid communication with the primary air inlet (70). The primary air inlet (70) is moveable relative to the body (12).

Abstract: A pivot suspension has two separate wheels and a channel, which has two ends axially extending across a floor cleaning or burnishing machine. One wheel is attached to a first end of the channel and the other wheel is attached to a second end of the channel. The pivot suspension further has a pivot rod that is pivotably attached to and is in line from front to rear with the machine. The pivot rod is fixedly connected to the channel at a location between the two channel ends. As a result, the wheels and channel are pivotably attached to the machine, by way of the pivot rod. In combination with at least one wheel or caster that is attached to a frame of the machine, the two channel wheels form three points of contact with a floor, even if there is dirt, debris, and unevenness on or in the floor.

Abstract: A robot cleaner includes a body to travel on a floor; an obstacle sensing unit to sense an obstacle approaching the body; an auxiliary cleaning unit mounted to a bottom of the body, to be extendable and retractable; and a control unit to control extension or retraction of the auxiliary cleaning unit when the obstacle is sensed. The control unit prevents the auxiliary cleaning unit from extending if a signal is received from a charger.

Abstract: A floor cleaning machine having an intelligent system including a recovery tank sub-assembly, a vacuum fan sub-assembly, a solution tank sub-assembly, wherein the solution tank sub-assembly preferably includes a secondary electrochemical cell, a solution flow sub-assembly, a control console sub-assembly, a frame and wheel sub-assembly and/or a frame and transaxle sub-assembly, a scrub head sub-assembly, a scrub head lift sub-assembly, a squeegee sub-assembly, a solution flow sub-assembly, and an intelligent system associated with at least one of the above-identified sub-assemblies, wherein the intelligent system at least one of selectively gathers, obtains, monitors, stores, records, and analyzes data associated with components of the floor cleaning machine assembly, and at least one of controllably communicates and disseminates such data with at least one of another system and user.

Abstract: A riding floor cleaning machine having an intelligent system including a main frame sub-assembly, a steering and drive wheel sub-assembly, a solution tank sub-assembly, a recovery tank sub-assembly, a recovery tank cover sub-assembly, a control panel sub-assembly, a main controller sub-assembly, a seat and detergent system sub-assembly, a battery sub-assembly, a scrub head sub-assembly, a scrub head lift sub-assembly, a squeegee sub-assembly, a solution and detergent sub-assembly, and an intelligent system associated with at least one of the above-identified sub-assemblies, wherein the intelligent system selectively gathers, obtains, monitors, stores, records, and/or analyzes data associated with components of the riding floor cleaning machine, and controllably communicates and/or disseminates such data with another system and/or user.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a dish rack that includes: a lower rack that has a drain hole formed in the bottom thereof and receives a dish therein; an upper rack that is provided above the lower rack at a different height and receives a dish therein; and a support frame coupled to the lower and upper racks to maintain the lower and upper racks spaced apart from each other, wherein the lower and upper racks and the support frame are assembled to each other through coupling bosses and coupling holes that are formed therein to correspond to each other. In the present invention, the upper and lower racks and the support frame of the dish rack can be assembled to each other in an easy and simple manner through the coupling bosses and the coupling holes without a separate fastener, thereby enhancing assembly efficiency of the dish rack.

Abstract: Systems, apparatuses, and methods are discussed herein for an endoscope. The endoscope has a distal tip with an oblique portion and a flat portion, the oblique portion defines a plane that forms an angle between and including 20 and 40 degrees to a central axis of the endoscope. A related sheath may have similar features at the distal tip.

Abstract: A hand-holdable steering mechanism is used as part of a medical device such as a catheter or an endoscope to allow movement of a steerable distal portion of the catheter or endoscope. The mechanism can include a housing, a first actuator, and a second actuator. The first actuator is configured to move the steerable portion along a first plane when the first actuator is moved between first and second positions. The second actuator is configured to move the steerable portion along a second plane different than the first plane when the second actuator is moved between first and second positions.

Abstract: A passive bending section for an endoscope is disposed between an active bending section of an inserting section and a flexible tube of the inserting section and is passively bent by receiving an external force. In the passive bending section, a curvature gradually increases from the distal end portion of the passive bending section toward the proximal end portion of the passive bending section.

Abstract: An inserting instrument includes a first flexible tube section having a flexibility lower than a spiral tube, a second flexible tube section having a flexibility lower than the spiral tube and equal to or higher than the first flexible tube section in a state where the second flexible tube section is not covered with the spiral tube. The flexibility of the second flexible tube section is lower than that of the first flexible tube section when the second flexible tube section is covered with the spiral tube. The inserting instrument includes a third flexible tube section provided on the proximal direction side with respect to the second flexible tube section and having a flexibility lower than the first flexible tube section.

Abstract: A flexible tube for an endoscope includes a helical tube, a cover, and an inhibition mechanism. The inhibition mechanism enables movement of a densely wound portion to the cover in a direction of a central axis of the helical tube and inhibits movement of a loosely wound portion to the cover in the central axis direction of the helical tube.

Abstract: An endoscope includes: a solid-state imaging device for photoelectrically converting optical images formed via an imaging lens, a circuit board electrically connected to the solid-state imaging device, a signal cable electrically connected to the circuit board, an optical member holding section that holds the imaging lens or a prism, a connection member, one end of which is fastened to the signal cable and other end of which is provided with engaging pawls to be engaged with the optical member holding section, that connects the optical member holding section to the signal cable, and a mounting member that is mounted on at least part of an outer periphery of the optical member holding section, and the mounting member makes contact with the engaging pawls engaged with the optical member holding section to hold at least part of the engaging pawls between the mounting member and the optical member holding section.

Abstract: An endoscope includes: a solid-state imaging device for photoelectrically converting optical images formed via an imaging lens, a circuit board electrically connected to the solid-state imaging device, a signal cable electrically connected to the circuit board, an optical member holding section that holds the imaging lens or a prism, and a connection member, one end of which is fastened to the signal cable and other end of which is provided with engaging pawls to be engaged with the optical member holding section, that connects the optical member holding section to the signal cable, a mounting member that is mounted on at least part of an outer periphery of the optical member holding section is provided, and the mounting member is fastened to a body section of the endoscope.

Abstract: The invention refers to a deflection movement transmission device comprising a control element (1) arranged at a proximal end of the deflection movement transmission device for effecting a deflection movement, an elongate transmission guiding body (5), and a bendable body (6) to be deflected that is arranged at a distal end of the deflection movement transmission device, wherein the control element (1) comprises an inner channel (16) through which the bendable body (6) to be deflected is guidable.

Abstract: An endoscope includes an insertion portion; an operation portion; a balloon injection channel; a first opening portion; a balloon pipe sleeve provided with a first end portion and a second end portion; a branch channel connection unit; a rotation restriction portion; and a connecting tube on which the branch channel connection unit is assembled.

Abstract: A capsule camera device is disclosed, where the capsule camera device comprises multiple light sources with different spectral characteristics for illuminating lumen walls selectively based on a determined capsule location in the gastrointestinal tract. The capsule camera device includes two or more light sources, an image sensor, a battery, a control module and a housing to enclose the above components in a sealed environment. The control module is used to select one or more selected light sources from said at least two light sources depending on a determined capsule location in the GI tract. Only the selected light source or light sources will be used for illumination in the determined capsule location. The light sources may comprise a white light source and a blue light source with a high spectral concentration at about 415 nm or another light source of different spectral characteristics.

Abstract: An endoscope reprocessor includes: a filtering tool including: a main body portion provided with a channel connecting a lead-in portion and a lead-out portion; a filter portion provided in the channel; and a first check valve provided in the channel; a processing tank; a tank that stores a disinfecting liquid; a lead-out conduit that guides the fluid led out from the lead-out portion to the processing tank; a second check valve with a distal end connected to the lead-out conduit; a first conduit with a distal end connected to the second check valve and a proximal end connected to the tank; and an injection pump that transfers the disinfecting liquid in the tank from the proximal end toward the distal end of the first conduit.

Abstract: An insertion method includes: specifying a part of a mucous membrane which lies between a nasal cavity and a maxillary sinus and which is located in a space surrounded by an inferior nasal concha, a lacrimal bone, an ethmoid bone, and a palatine bone, as an opening formation position where an opening connected to the maxillary sinus is formed; forming the opening at the opening formation position; and inserting a medical device into the maxillary sinus through the formed opening.

Abstract: A treatment method includes: inserting a treatment member into a maxillary sinus through a first opening in a nasal cavity leading to the maxillary sinus; inserting an endoscope into the maxillary sinus through a second opening leading to the maxillary sinus and different from the first opening; and performing a treatment on a treatment target site in the maxillary sinus while the treatment member and the treatment target site exist within a visual field of the endoscope.

Abstract: A vaginal speculum apparatus includes a portable illumination assembly that is releasably attached to one of the upper blade and lower blade of a disposable vaginal speculum. The portable illumination assembly is defined by a housing that retains at least one LED and a portable power supply. The portable illumination assembly can be energized by an externally accessible member after the illuminator has been attached to the speculum.

Abstract: The invention relates to a perimeter or a campimeter with a visible fixation point and a method used in them. The method comprises at least the following steps: producing a fixation point having a first visual appearance to be shown to a patient; producing a stimulus shown to the patient at a stimulus time-point at a pre-defined location; activating a response device by the patient upon noticing the stimulus at a response time-point; changing the fixation point to have a second visual appearance for a fixation point second visual appearance time interval near the stimulus time-point.

Abstract: Ocular surface interferometry (OSI) devices, systems, and methods are disclosed for measuring a tear film layer thickness (TFLT) of the ocular tear film, including the lipid layer thickness (LLT) and/or the aqueous layer thickness (ALT). The TFLT can be used to diagnose dry eye syndrome (DES). Certain embodiments also include ocular topography devices, systems and methods for deducing corneal shape by capturing an image of a target reflecting from the surface of the cornea. The image of the target contains topography information that is reviewable by a clinician to diagnose the health of the patient's eye by detecting corneal aberrations and/or abnormalities in corneal shape. Certain embodiments also include a combination of the OSI and ocular topography devices, systems and methods to provide imaging that can be used to yield a combined diagnosis of the patient's tear film and corneal shape.

Abstract: Methods and systems for eye tracking are disclosed. One such method obtains a plurality of images of the eye from an array camera and detects glint positions and a pupil edge of the eye in the plurality of the images. A distance from the array camera to the pupil edge may be estimated based on the glint positions. A pupil image may be generated based on selected ones of the plurality of images, the glint positions, and the estimated distance to the pupil edge. A pupil center position may be determined based on the pupil image and the glint positions.

Abstract: An optical system for eye tracking is disclosed. The system includes a light guiding prism that guides light from an ocular object to an imaging system through multiple internal reflections. The light guiding prism may include one or more freeform surfaces having optical power.

Abstract: An optical measuring instrument 1 is equipped with an optical system 20 to be used for measuring a characteristic of the aqueous humor in the anterior chamber 13 of an eyeball 10 of a measurement subject person and a holding unit 50 which holds the optical system 20 etc. The optical system 20 is equipped with a light emitting system 20A and a photodetecting system 20B. An optical path 28 is set so that light emitted from the light emitting system 20A passes through (traverses) the anterior chamber 13 and is detected by the photodetecting system 20B in a state that the eyeball 10 is turned outward.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring a fundus of a subject. The apparatus includes a focusing unit which adjusts a defocus of the apparatus. The focusing unit includes a first focusing mirror and a second focusing mirror. The first focusing mirror and second focusing mirror are arranged so that an incident beam from the light source entering the focusing unit and an emitted beam exiting the focusing unit are substantially parallel to each other. Adjustment of the defocus is accomplished by moving both first focusing mirror and second focusing mirror such that incident beam and emitted beam remain substantially parallel to each other. The apparatus includes a wavefront sensor for detecting a shape of a wavefront. The apparatus includes a wavefront correction device. The wavefront correction device adjusts a wavefront of the light from the light source based on the shape of the wavefront detected by the wavefront sensor.

Abstract: An apparatus for producing a non-mydriatic fundus image is disclosed. The apparatus can include a processor and memory, as well as an illumination component and a camera with a variable focus lens. The apparatus can be configured to adjust the focus of the lens to a plurality of different diopter ranges and capture at least one image at each of the plurality of different diopter ranges. A method for capturing a non-mydriatic image of a fundus is also disclosed. The method can include setting a depth of field, dividing the depth of field into a plurality of zones, adjusting a variable focus lens of a camera to focus on each of the plurality of zones, and capturing at least one image at each of the plurality of zones.

Abstract: An auxiliary flash apparatus for a medical diagnostic instrument having an attached portable electronic device. The auxiliary flash apparatus includes a light detector and a trigger circuit associated with the light detector. The light detector upon receipt of illumination output from the source of flash illumination creates a trigger pulse that is received by signal conditioning electronics connected to the trigger circuit. The signal conditioning electronics are configured to produce a synchronized and re-created flash via at least one connected light source of the medical diagnostic instrument. The re-created flash output can be synchronized or substantially synchronized therewith.

Abstract: System and method directed towards providing full and even illumination of a patient's retina through lighting integrated into a handheld fundus lens. By integrating the lighting, the method and system reduces and even eliminate many lens artifacts and reflections. By increasing the accuracy, quality, and field of view 10 afforded during clinical examination of the retina, the method and system will allow practitioners to make more accurate diagnoses and will increase safety during retinal surgical procedures.

Abstract: A membrane assembly for use with a three-dimensional imager to obtain a topographical plantar image of a foot is provided. The assembly includes a support structure having a front end and a rear end elevated relative to the front end, and a flexible membrane suspended from the support structure and configured to receive and support an entire plantar surface of the foot. The membrane defines and encloses an upper portion of an inflatable chamber, and includes a forefoot- and a rearfoot-receiving region respectively adjacent to the front and the rear end of the support structure. The rearfoot-receiving region is under less tension than the forefoot-receiving region. The imager is positionable under the membrane in order to acquire the plantar image when the foot is disposed on the membrane. An apparatus including a membrane assembly and a three-dimensional imager, and a method for imaging a foot are also provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for determining an organ function in a subject, comprising the steps of: providing a first concentration-time curve obtained by transcutaneously measuring in a body fluid at a first position background fluorescence in at least one first time point and fluorescence of an indicator compound in at least a second, a third, a fourth, a fifth, and a sixth time point; providing a second concentration curve obtained by transcutaneously measuring in a body fluid at a second position background fluorescence in at least one seventh time point and fluorescence of an indicator compound in at least a eighth, a ninth, a tenth, an eleventh, and a twelfth time point; fitting the first and the second concentration curve into a kinetic model representing at least four diffusion compartments; and thereby determining an organ function in a subject.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a portable noninvasive inspection device, which comprises a light source illuminates a target to generate an optical inspection signal; a probe head provides an optical path for light source to receive optical inspection signal; a probe tube arranged at a front end of probe head; at least one switched filter module arranged in the optical path, allowing the optical inspection signal to pass there through to generate a corresponding spectral signal; and an image sensor arranged behind the switched filter module, receiving the spectral signal and generating a spectral image. The spectral image can be transmitted to an external device, wherefrom the user can use the spectral image to examine the target in further detail. The present invention features a rotary-type or movable-type switched filter module, which facilitates the user to switch filters easily during optical inspection.

Abstract: Provided are methods and systems for concurrent imaging at multiple wavelengths. In one aspect, an imaging device includes at least one objective lens configured to receive light backscattered by an object, a plurality of pixel array photo-sensors, a plurality of bandpass filters covering respective photo-sensors, where each bandpass filter is configured to allow a different respective spectral band to pass through the filter, and a beam steering assembly in optical communication with the at least one objective lens and the photo-sensors. The beam steering assembly directs light received by at least one objective lens from the tissue of a subject to at least one pixel array photo-sensor in the plurality of pixel array photo-sensors.

Abstract: A surgical vision system for imaging heat capacity and cooling rate of tissue has an infrared source configured to provide infrared light to tissue, the infrared light sufficient to heat tissue, and an infrared camera configured to provide images of tissue at infrared wavelengths. The system also has an image processing system configured to determine, from the infrared images of tissue, a cooling or heating rate at pixels of the images of tissue at infrared wavelengths and to display images derived from the cooling rate at the pixels.

Abstract: A method for obtaining a 3-D OR-PAM image of microvasculature within a region of interest of a subject is provided. The method includes: focusing a first light pulse at a first depth beneath a first surface position within the region of interest; receiving a first PA signal in response to the first light pulse; focusing a second light pulse at a second depth beneath the first surface position within the region of interest; receiving a second PA signal in response to the second light pulse; and forming the 3-D OR-PAM image by combining the first PA signal and the second PA signal.

Abstract: The present invention provides a temperature measurement device and a temperature measurement method. The temperature measurement device includes a first sensor, used for collecting a body surface temperature of an organism; a second sensor, used for collecting an ambient temperature; and a processing unit, which is electrically connected with the first sensor and the second sensor respectively, and is used for performing data processing on the body surface temperature according to the ambient temperature to obtain an actual body temperature of the organism. Due to the arrangement of the first sensor, the second sensor and the processing unit, the temperature measurement device can perform data processing on the collected body surface temperature according to the ambient temperature to make the obtained actual body temperature of the organism more accurate, and further to facilitate accurately judging the health status of the organism.

Abstract: A medical device for detecting, measuring and transmitting vital parameters and biomedical data such as the continuous or instantaneous recording of an electrocardiography, acquisition of a Doppler ultrasonography of ascending aorta and of a echocardiography, with immediate or remote operations, by means of units inserted in the device, on the human body, in a non-invasive way, comprising: a flexible strip-shaped support adapted to be applied on the human body in the area of the neck; one or more units adapted to detect body parameters; one or more connection interfaces for transmitting and receiving data and the parameters towards external units; hardware and software electronic components integrated inside the flexible support and adapted to receive the body parameters from the one or more units, store them, organize them and transmit them by connection interfaces; a sim card allowing transmission and reception.

Abstract: A safety system includes a wearable device having means to determine whether a child has been left in a car seat and further having means to detect the wearable device's global position and the ambient temperature, heart rate, and activity of a person wearing the wearable device. The wearable device can send notice to a smartphone or other designated device when certain specified conditions have been met or exceeded. The information monitored and/or gathered can be stored and retrieved as needed.

Abstract: Systems, devices, and methods for obtaining fractional flow reserve in the presence of a catheter. In a method of determining a fractional flow reserve in the presence of a catheter, the method comprises the steps of obtaining measurements of an inner luminal organ diameter proximal to, at, and distal to a stenosis and a length of the stenosis, obtaining a pressure drop measurement at the stenosis, calculating a volumetric flow of fluid through the inner luminal organ at the stenosis, and determining a stenotic pressure drop at the stenosis corresponding to dimensions of the guidewire as a function of the calculated volumetric flow of fluid through the inner luminal organ at the stenosis, wherein the stenotic pressure drop is indicative of a fractional flow reserve at or near the stenosis.

Abstract: A high performance guide wire with a pressure sensor for measuring blood pressure, may utilize a single electrical lead connected to the guide wire. An integrated circuit, powered by the single electrical connection on the guide wire, may interface with the pressure sensor, and may convert pressure information to an encoded signal. The encoded signal may be detectable in the electrical circuit, and can be used to display a pressure waveform as detected by the pressure sensor. For example, when utilized for percutaneous coronary interventions, such a guide wire can provide high quality blood pressure measurements (e.g., for fractional flow reserve), while also possessing excellent steerability and handling characteristics for navigating tortuous anatomy.

Abstract: An implantable pressure sensor device (100) has a housing (10) which is at least partially made of a pressure transmitting membrane (20), and which includes one or more regions which can reversibly deform while maintaining the surface area of the membrane (20) when the internal volume of the housing (10) is changed. The housing (10) has a non-circular cross-section which can deform to a more circular shape when pressure in the internal volume increases. An inner housing is preferably situated within the housing, with its exterior spaced from the interior of the housing, and has its inner volume in fluid communication with the space between the housing and inner housing.