Abstract: The invention provides a micro-electro-mechanical system device including: a substrate; a proof mass, including an outer frame which inwardly defines an internal space, and at least one inner extension portion which is directly connected to the outer frame and inwardly extends from the outer frame; at least one compliant structure, located in the internal space, and directly connected to the corresponding inner extension portion; an anchor, located in the internal space and directly connected to the at least one compliant structure, the anchor being connected to the substrate; movable electrodes, located in the internal space and connected to the proof mass; and fixed electrodes, respectively located in correspondence to the movable electrodes, and being connected to the substrate through fixing portions.

Abstract: A MEMS switch includes a substrate and a switch structure formed on the substrate, with the switch structure further including a conductive contact formed on the substrate, a self-compensating anchor structure coupled to the substrate, and a beam comprising a first end and a second end, the beam integrated with the self-compensating anchor structure at the first end and extending out orthogonally from the self-compensating anchor structure and suspended over the substrate such that the second end comprises a cantilevered portion positioned above the conductive contact. The cantilevered portion of the beam undergoes deformation during periods of strain mismatch between the substrate and the switch structure so as to have a takeoff angle relative to the substrate, and the self-compensating anchor structure directs a portion of the strain mismatch orthogonally to the cantilevered portion so as to warp the anchor and compensate for the takeoff angle of the cantilevered portion.

Abstract: A method for fabricating a MEMS sensor device. The method can include providing a substrate, forming an IC layer overlying the substrate, forming an oxide layer overlying the IC layer, forming a metal layer coupled to the IC layer through the oxide layer, forming a MEMS layer having a pair of designated sense electrode portions and a designated proof mass portion overlying the oxide layer, forming a via structure within each of the designated sense electrode portions, and etching the MEMS layer to form a pair of sense electrodes and a proof mass from the designated sense electrode portions and proof mass portions, respectively. The via structure can include a ground post and the proof mass can include a sense comb. The MEMS sensor device formed using this method can result is more well-defined edges of the proof mass structure.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a MEMS device includes a MEMS element including a movable portion and provided on a substrate, a first protective film provided above the substrate and the MEMS element while shaping a cavity to accommodate the MEMS element, a sealing layer configured to cover the first protective film and a second protective film provided on the sealing layer. An outer end of the protective film is located on an outer side of an end of the cavity on the substrate, and the ratio between distance A defined from the outer end of the sealing layer to the end of the cavity and thickness B of the first protective film, B/A, is set in a range of 0.25 to 0.52.

Abstract: A method includes forming a mask that defines a masked area and an unmasked area on a front side of a substrate, and implanting a buried layer corresponding to the unmasked area on the front side of the substrate. The method also includes forming an epitaxial layer having a back side on the front side of the substrate and on a front side of the buried layer, and creating an opening into a back side of the substrate up to a back side of the epitaxial layer and a back side of the one or portions of the buried layer.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a reactor and a method of operation for an exothermal process being catalyzed by a catalytically active material receiving a reactant gas and providing a product gas, in which said exothermal process has a heat development having a potential for thermally degrading said catalytically active material, and which exothermal process operates at a temperature at which the reactants and at least 80% or all of the products are present as gases, said method comprising the steps of a) directing the reactant gas to a first zone of a material catalytically active in the exothermal process producing an first product gas, and b) directing the first product gas to a second zone of a material catalytically active in the exothermal process producing a product gas, with the option of fully or partially by-passing either said first zone or said second zone, while directing a non-condensing gas stream having a temperature at least 50° C.

Abstract: A reforming process and apparatus exhibiting improved catalyst longevity towards reforming a high sulfur-containing liquid fuel. The process involves contacting in a first reforming zone a first oxidant and a liquid fuel containing high molecular weight organosulfur compounds with a partial oxidation catalyst under CPOX reaction conditions to form a first reformate stream containing a mixture of unconverted and partially-converted hydrocarbons and one or more low molecular weight sulfur compounds; and then contacting in a second reforming zone the first reformate stream with steam and optionally a second oxidant in the presence of an autothermal reforming catalyst under ATR reaction conditions to form a second reformate stream containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen and one or more low molecular weight sulfur compounds. The low molecular weight sulfur compounds can be readily removed from the first and/or second reformate streams by gas phase adsorption methods.

Abstract: The invention relates to a four-component catalyst and a seven-component catalyst and refractory supports for use in the thermoneutral reforming of petroleum-based liquid hydrocarbon fuels.

Abstract: A fuel treatment device (2) converts a hydrocarbon-containing fuel into a fuel for a fuel cell (3). The fuel treatment device (2) has for this purpose a mixture formation space (7) for forming and processing a mixture of fuel and another component, a reformer (8) for converting the mixture into a synthesis gas and a desulfurization stage (9) for removing sulfur from the synthesis gas or from the mixture. The reformer (8) and desulfurization stage (9) are arranged adjacent to each other in a housing (10) along an axis of the housing (10).

Abstract: A gas atomization apparatus is disclosed for producing high purity fine refractory compound powders. After the system reaches high vacuum, a first stage inert atomizing gas breaks superheated metal melt into droplets and a second stage reactive atomizing gas breaks the droplets further into ultrafine droplets while reacts with them to form refractory compound powders. The first stage atomizing gas is inert gas able to break up melt into droplets and prevent crust formation on the nozzle front. A reaction time enhancer is arranged at bottom of reaction chamber to furnish a reactive gas flow in a reverse direction of the falling droplets and powders. Under the reverse gas flow, the falling droplets and powders change moving direction and travel longer distance in reaction chamber to increase reaction time. This apparatus can produce refractory powders with ultrahigh purity and uniform powder size while maintain high process energy efficiency.

Abstract: This present invention relates to a method of synthesizing copper selenide powder chemical by using a hot-injection method wherein a proper amount of a. reducing agent is added to a mixed solution made of copper cationic solution and selenium anionic solution, and the mixed solution is maintained at a temperature of 230° C. for 40 minutes to obtain Copper Selenide powder. The Copper selenide powder which is in the form of CuSe or Cu2-xSe, can be synthesized by adjusting the amount of the reducing agent being added to the mixed solution.

Abstract: A method of preparing aluminum nitride powder through atmosphere controlled carbon-thermal reduction. It relates to a chemical dilution method to wrap the carbon material evenly around the surface of ?-aluminum oxide (gamma phase-aluminum oxide). The method includes the following processes of: material mixing, carbonization, carbon-thermal reduction, and de-carbonization. Wherein, ?-aluminum oxide and phenolic resin are mixed to form a solution, and after the solution is baked and dried into powder, it is carbonized under nitridation atmosphere in high temperature. Then, carbon-thermal reduction is performed in a temperature of 1400° C.˜1700° C. Finally, de-carbonized is performed in air. In the process of carbon-thermal reduction, ammonia gas and hydrogen gas are added to regulate the reacting atmosphere. Also, urea is added to increase the nitridation reaction of aluminum.

Abstract: Methods described herein generally relate to preparing graphene. The method may include contacting at least one elemental metal with a composition having graphene oxide under conditions sufficient to reduce at least a portion of the graphene oxide to graphene. Systems and kits for preparing graphene are also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a material of porous graphene nanowires with a pore-rich structure, production methods and applications of the material of porous graphene nanowires. The method includes: synthesis of catalyst nanowires for porous graphene nanowires, chemical vapor deposition of a carbon source on the catalysts to grow graphene, removal of residual catalyst, and formation of the porous graphene nanowires. The porous graphene nanowires can be used as an electrochemical energy storage material, carriers of catalysts, a conductive material, an adsorption material, a desorption material, or the like.

Abstract: Provided are a catalyst for producing a higher silane with high yield at low cost by performing a reaction at relatively low temperature while inhibiting decomposition into solid silicon; and a process using the catalyst for producing a higher silane. The catalyst for producing a higher silane includes a porous oxide and is used to convert a lower silane to a higher silane wherein the porous oxide has at least regularly arranged pores and is primarily composed of silicon oxide, wherein a content of alkali metals and alkali earth metals in the porous oxide is not less than 0.00 wt % and not more than 2.00 wt %.

Abstract: The embodiments disclosed herein seek to ameliorate the high costs associated with the use of ultra-pure silica by using a lower-cost starting material and purifying the lower-cost starting material to an acceptable level of purity during the preform manufacturing process. In one embodiment, instead of using fully densified silica particulate, the disclosed process uses mesoporous silica grains that have a substantially monodisperse size distribution as the starting materials for a powder-in-tube preform manufacturing process.

Abstract: A family of crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites has been synthesized that is a layered pentasil zeolite. These zeolites are represented by the empirical formula: Mmn+Rrp+ Al1-xExSiyOz where M is an alkali, alkaline earth, or rare earth metal such as sodium or strontium, R can be a mixture of organoammonium cations and E is a framework element such as gallium, iron, boron, or indium. These zeolites are characterized by unique x-ray diffraction patterns and compositions and have catalytic properties for carrying out various hydrocarbon conversion processes.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method of treating phosphate-containing waste, in particular phosphate-containing ash from waste-incineration plants, by wet-chemical digestion in order to obtain compounds of aluminium, calcium, phosphorus and nitrogen.

Abstract: An apparatus for filtering and dispensing drinking water is disclosed which includes a container having an interior space with a dividing wall defining a first chamber for receiving unfiltered water and a second chamber for storing filtered drinking water, wherein a passage is formed through the interior wall adjacent a bottom surface of the container to provide fluid communication between the first and second chambers, and wherein at least one multi-layered filter pack is disposed across the passage to filter water flowing from the first chamber to the second chamber under force of gravity.

Abstract: A method of treatment of liquid including supplying liquid to be treated to at least one liquid treatment module having a liquid inlet, a permeate outlet and a brine outlet, monitoring liquid pressure within the at least one liquid treatment module and upon exceedance of a liquid pressure threshold in the at least one liquid treatment module, reducing the liquid pressure in the at least one liquid treatment module by performing at least one of the following functions: opening a liquid pressure reducing valve at the brine outlet, increasing a liquid volume output of a circulation pump which removes brine from the at least one liquid treatment module, equilibrating liquid pressures between a liquid pressure inside the at least one liquid treatment module and inside a liquid feed tank and opening a liquid pressure reducing valve at the liquid inlet.

Abstract: A method and system are disclosed for total degassing (CH4+CO2) and density-reducing treatment of dense Lake Kivu deepwater. The invention allows hyper-efficient oxyfuel power generation with return flow water reinjection density-matched at or above ˜150 m without necessity to admix biozone (<80 m) water. This increases the CH4 resource and deflates the gas-rich deepwater layer over time, making Lake Kivu safe against a catastrophe threatening up to 2 million lives. Deepwater from the Main Resource Zone (MRZ, ˜480 m to ˜260 m) is de-densified, then reinjected above the Potential Resource Zone (PRZ, ˜260 m to ˜180 m) within the Intermediate Zone (IZ, ˜180 m to ˜80 m), avoiding wasteful resource dilution of the MRZ or PRZ reserves, and allowing methane extraction from the PRZ and IZ.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a water treatment process for efficiently removing oils from oil-containing water. The water treatment process is a method for treating oil-containing water, comprising the steps of: preparing an oil-adsorbing material that is made of a lipophilic resin such as a pyridine resin and that has many pores in its surface and bears hydrophilic groups on an inner surface of the pores; and bringing oil-containing water into contact with the surface of the oil-adsorbing material. The step of preparing an oil-adsorbing material includes the step of converting some of hydrophobic groups, such as nitrogen-containing aromatic rings, on the inner surface of the pores to hydrophilic groups such as quaternized amine or sulfonic acid.

Abstract: A system for processing oilfield produced water comprises an onsite non-turbulent fractioning centrifuge configured to pretreat the produced waters and remove emulsified oil therefrom to generate de-oiled water. The centrifuge comprises separating a heavier component from a lighter component within a mixed fluid via a separator chamber, a stack of driven flat discs, a disc shaft rotator, a first outlet for the heavier component and a second outlet for the lighter component and a feed pump that supplies raw fluids to the separator. Also included, is an onsite means to eradicate remaining petroleum hydrocarbons and related contaminants and generate oil-free water thereby. An onsite water demineralizer generates potable water from the oil-free water. A system for separating and processing oilfield produced water further comprises an aggregate tank battery configured to collect raw fluids from wells and pipelines and separate crude oil and produced waters via gravity.

Abstract: A process for the amelioration of acid mine drainage useful in shale hydrolyic fracturing operations for the production of natural gas involving the exchange of sulfate and chloride ions by an ion exchange resin so as to produce hydrochloric acid and water for use in hydrolyic fracturing operations from acid mine drainage.

Abstract: A hydrophobic porous silica aerogel composite membrane for a vacuum membrane distillation device and a vacuum distillation method are disclosed. The vacuum membrane distillation device has a case and the hydrophobic porous silica aerogel composite membrane accommodated in the case to divide a chamber defined by the case into a feed part configured to feed a first fluid containing water molecules and a permeate part configured to collect a second fluid containing the water molecules. The hydrophobic porous silica aerogel composite membrane includes a porous aluminum oxide membrane that has a plurality of first pores with average pore diameter larger than 50 nm and a porous silica aerogel membrane that has a plurality of second pores of 2 to 50 nm and is formed on at least one side of the porous aluminum oxide membrane facing the feed part by methylmethoxysilane as a precursor and a sol-gel synthetic process.

Abstract: Embodiments herein relate to methods for sludge reduction for pretreatment of nitrotoluene wastewater using electro-catalytic redox. The embodiments may include (a) adjusting a pH of the nitrotoluene wastewater to 1.5 to 2.0, standing for precipitation, draining sludge of the nitrotoluene wastewater at the bottom, obtaining supernatant of nitrotoluene wastewater, placing the supernatant through a cathode inlet into a cathode chamber of an electrochemical reactor; (b) performing electrochemical treatment, wherein reduction reaction of the supernatant of the nitrotoluene wastewater takes place at the cathode chamber, the nitrotoluene wastewater is placed into the anode chamber for oxidation reaction through the cathode outlet, the catholyte tank, and the anode inlet in sequence; (c) adjusting the nitrotoluene wastewater treated in step (b) via the anolyte tank, and then discharging the nitrotoluene wastewater into a biochemical system.

Abstract: Provided herein are disinfection compositions, devices, systems and methods useful for decontamination and/or disinfection of water and other liquid solutions. The disclosed composite materials can comprise a germicidal surface comprising a support substrate, one or more micrometric aggregates of titanium oxide on the support substrate, the titanium oxide aggregates comprising chloride atoms, and one or more micrometric aggregates of silver attached to the chloride atoms of the titanium oxide aggregates, wherein the micrometric aggregates of titanium oxide with silver atoms have a germicidal activity. Methods of using the same for reducing or eliminating microorganisms in water or a fluid can comprise contacting water or fluid with microorganisms with the composite material, wherein the microorganisms in the water or fluid are reduced or eliminated from the water or fluid.

Abstract: A slow-release method for treating non-point source pollutants traveling in water runoff, such as urban water runoff. Method embodiments include the use of slow-release advanced oxidation process forms (SR-AOPs) comprised of one or more water soluble salts in a matrix and/or forms producing hydrogen peroxide, persulfate anion, and/or permanganate. One or more of such forms may be placed along with one or more slow-release iron forms in the path of runoff water as it flows through a storm sewer system, such that an amount of the water soluble salt(s) and/or hydroxyl radicals (Fenton's reagent), persulfate radicals, or permanganate are slowly released into the runoff water to oxidize the pollutants contained therein.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel method for treating soil-contaminated water, the method using a photocatalytic material capable of efficiently removing, by light irradiation alone, volatile organic compounds and heavy metals that give rise to soil contamination. The present invention provides a method for treating soil-contaminated water that detoxifies volatile organic compounds contained in soil-contaminated, water using a photocatalytic material, the method being characterized by including the steps of (1) subjecting the soil-contaminated water to a gas-liquid separation to obtain a gas phase, and (2) decomposing the volatile organic compounds contained in the gas phase obtained in step (1) using the photocatalytic material.

Abstract: A waste distribution device controllable by a user. Waste distributor device may be mechanically actuated, such as via a cable tension system or otherwise, and may allow a user to determine the channel in which waste will be deposited. Waste distribution device may be paired with a wastewater treatment system such as an anaerobic digester, and may be used in order to control how much waste is deposited in the wastewater treatment device and what contents are deposited. This may allow a user to avoid disrupting their wastewater treatment system by adding harmful chemicals or by preventing harmful byproducts or harmful concentrations thereof from being produced.

Abstract: One or more reactor and one or more control methods are used for nitrogen removal in wastewater treatment to achieve measured control of maintaining high ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) oxidation rates while achieving nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) out-selection, using various control strategies, including: 1) ammonia and the use of ammonia setpoints; 2) operational DO and the use of DO setpoints; 3) bioaugmentation of anammox and lighter flocculant AOB fraction; and 4) implementation of transient anoxia in several reactor configurations and conditions for removal of oxidized nitrogen using anammox or heterotrophic organisms.

Abstract: Systems and methods for diffusing gas into a liquid are disclosed. In some cases, the methods include tangentially introducing a liquid into a cylindrical chamber having a cylindrical inner wall such that the liquid develops a spiral flow. In some cases, gas bubbles are orthogonally introduced into the liquid as the liquid flows through the chamber. In some cases, a flow of the liquid and the gas bubbles is controlled such that a ratio of a liquid flow rate to a gas bubble flow rate does not exceed values which convert non-bacteria enriched, clear water into froth. In such cases, a mixture of the liquid and the gas bubbles to exit the chamber near an output end. While the liquid can include clear water, in some instances, the liquid also includes bacteria (e.g., surfactant-producing or non-surfactant-producing bacteria) and/or bacterial nutrients that allow for improved bioremediation.

Abstract: A reactor and control method thereof for nitrogen removal in wastewater treatment achieves a measured control of maintaining high ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) oxidation rates while achieving nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) repression, using various control strategies, including: 1) ammonia and the use of ammonia setpoints, 2) operational DO and the proper use of DO setpoints, 3) bioaugmentation of a lighter flocculant AOB fraction, and 4) proper implementation of transient anoxia within a wide range of reactor configurations and operating conditions.

Abstract: A reactor and control method for maximizing nitrogen removal and minimizing aeration requirements through control of transient anoxia and aerobic SRT, repression of NOB, and control of dynamic DO concentrations or aeration interval by keeping the reactor NH4 and NOx concentrations approximately equal. Controls are provided for maximizing the potential for TIN removal through nitrification, limited nitritation, nitritation, denitrification, limited denitritation, denitritation making use of 1) real time measurement of ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, 2) operational DO and the proper use of DO setpoints, and 3) proper implementation of transient anoxia within a wide range of reactor configurations and operating conditions.

Abstract: A system for the breakdown and removal of bio-materials and suspended or dissolved solids in water cooling systems using a plurality of ionizer treatment units utilizing electric and magnetic fields and a mechanical filtering system to remove particulate materials housed in the water complex as suspended solids. The system also uses a high voltage electrode for charging the water complex to breakdown laminar flow at the conduit walls to mechanically dislodge any build-up of bio-materials or chemical compounds along the walls resulting in an increase in thermal conductivity and heat exchange efficiencies.

Abstract: A method of treating primary sludge and activated sludge produced by a wastewater system is disclosed. A portion of the activated sludge is wasted to form biological sludge. The biological sludge is thermally hydrolyzed. The method entails cooling the thermally hydrolyzed biological sludge by mixing primary sludge with the thermally hydrolyzed biological sludge. Thereafter, the combined sludge is directed through a pasteurization process and then to an anaerobic digester which performs anaerobic digestion of the combined sludge.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for synthesizing high optical quality multicomponent chalcogenide glasses without refractive index perturbations due to striae, phase separation or crystal formation using a two-zone furnace and multiple fining steps. The top and bottom zones are initially heated to the same temperature, and then a temperature gradient is created between the top zone and the bottom zone. The fining and cooling phase is divided into multiple steps with multiple temperature holds.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring speed, the length and elongation of a molten glass gob travelling along a defined path includes at least two optical detectors. A mask having at least two openings through which light passes to each of the optical detectors is disposed adjacent the optical detectors. A lens receives light from the moving glass gob and focuses Such light through the openings of the mask. Electronics are coupled to each of the optical detectors for determining the speed of the molten glass gob as a function of timing of light sensed at the optical detectors, in exemplary embodiments of the disclosure, the optical detectors is disposed within the image plane of the lens and comprise different portions of a single light sensing device.

Abstract: A method of making a bottle includes (a) forming a parison, (b) blowing the parison into a bottle of one-piece integrally formed construction, and (c) during the step (a) and/or the step (b), forming internal features on a neck of the bottle. Step (c) includes (c1) forming external features on the neck during the step (a), (c2) pushing the external features into the neck during step (b), and forming the internal features to be disposed entirely within the neck where the neck widens and at positions spaced from an internal surface of a neck finish and not extending into a shoulder of the bottle.

Abstract: A method for forming a glass sheet with reduced inclusions is disclosed. The method includes flowing molten glass over converging forming surfaces of a forming body positioned within an enclosure. The forming body is heated with a plurality of heating elements separated from the forming body by an inner wall of the enclosure. The temperature T2 at the bottom of the forming body is decoupled from the temperature T1 at the top of the forming body by an insulating thermal barrier positioned between two adjacent heating elements of the plurality of heating elements such that a change in T2 does not cause a substantial change in T1.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a nanoscale object from a structure including a strained elastic layer on a foundation in a solid state present at a surface of a rigid substrate, the method reiterating: melting the foundation for a duration higher than or equal to 50 ns, thickness of the foundation being at least 20 nm and lower than a predetermined thickness corresponding to a theoretical peak-to-peak amplitude of wrinkles, the melting generating a simultaneous deformation of the elastic layer and of the foundation and a localized contact between the elastic layer and the rigid substrate insulating the regions from the foundation; solidifying the foundation to bring the foundation back to the solid state; until the foundation reaches yield point of the elastic layer.

Abstract: A glass sheet acquisition and positioning system and associated method are utilized in a glass sheet optical inspection system installed in-line in a glass sheet processing system. The acquisition and positioning system include an exterior support frame and a moveable glass sheet support frame connected to the exterior support frame such that the glass sheet support frame may be selectively positioned from first orientation whereby a glass sheet is removed from a conveyor and retained on the support frame, to a second orientation whereby the glass sheet is positioned for processing by the optical inspection system. The system may also include a glass sheet part identifier and a programmable control including logic for analyzing acquired image data and identifying the glass sheet as one of a set of known part types and thereafter securing and positioning the glass sheet on the glass sheet support frame based upon the part-shape analysis.

Abstract: The embodiments disclosed herein seek to ameliorate high costs associated with the use of ultra-pure silica by using a lower-cost starting material and purifying the lower-cost starting material to an acceptable level of purity during the preform manufacturing process. In one embodiment, a nucleating compound is coated on a thin-walled silica tube, which upon cooling, forms cristobalite allowing for easy removal of the thin-walled silica tube.

Abstract: Irregular-shaped optical fiber preforms and processes for manufacturing such preforms are disclosed. In some embodiments, the irregular-shaped preforms are manufactured by using thin-walled tubes that have irregularities. For some embodiments, these irregularities are varying wall thicknesses. For other embodiments, these irregularities are non-circular cross-sectional shapes. Yet for other embodiments, these irregularities are combinations of varying wall thicknesses and non-circular cross-sectional shapes.

Abstract: The need for thin-walled tubes or binders is eliminated in powder-in-tube preform manufacturing processes. This is done by using high-surface-area silica particles that consolidate at temperatures that are lower than a high-temperature mold.

Abstract: The embodiments disclosed herein seek to ameliorate the high costs associated with the use of ultra-pure silica by using a lower-cost starting material and purifying the lower-cost starting material to an acceptable level of purity during the preform manufacturing process. In one embodiment, instead of using fully densified silica crystals, the disclosed process uses porous silica grains that have a substantially monodisperse size distribution as the starting materials for a powder-in-tube preform manufacturing process and utilize silicon tetrafloride doping to promote silica dehydration.

Abstract: Glasses comprising SiO2, Al2O3, and P2O5 that are capable of chemical strengthened by ion exchange and having high damage resistance. These phosphate-containing glasses have a structure in which silica (SiO2) is replaced by aluminum phosphate (AlPO4) and/or boron phosphate (BPO4).

Abstract: Disclosed herein are ultraviolet absorbing glasses. The glasses can be strengthened by a chemical tempering process and maintain good mechanical and optical properties while having a reduced thickness compared to conventional glasses. The ultraviolet absorbing glasses can include coloring agents and can be formed into ophthalmic lenses. Methods of making and using the ultraviolet absorbing glasses are also described.

Abstract: Chemically strengthened glass articles having at least one deep compressive layer extending from a surface of the article to a depth of at least about 45 ?m within the article are provided. In one embodiment, the compressive stress profile includes a single linear segment extending from the surface to the depth of compression DOC. Alternatively, the compressive stress profile includes two linear portions: the first portion extending from the surface to a relatively shallow depth and having a steep slope; and a second portion extending from the shallow depth to the depth of compression. The strengthened glass has a 60% survival rate when dropped from a height of 80 cm in an inverted ball drop test and an equibiaxial flexural strength of at least 10 kgf as determined by abraded ring-on-ring testing. Methods of achieving such stress profiles are also described.

Abstract: Certain example embodiments relate to seals for glass articles. Certain example embodiments relate to a composition used for sealing an insulted glass unit. In certain example embodiments the composition includes vanadium oxide, barium oxide, zinc oxide, and at least one additional additive. For instance, another additive that is a different metal oxide or different metal chloride may be provided. In certain example embodiments, a composition may be combined with a binder solution that substantially or completely burns out by the time the composition is melted. In certain example embodiments, a CTE filler is included with a frit material. In certain example embodiments, a vacuum insulated glass unit includes first and second glass substrates that are sealed together with a seal that includes the above-described composition.