Abstract: A light guide member includes four or more curved surfaces including three or more non-axisymmetric curved surfaces so that video light emitted from a video element and passing through the light guide member is displayed to an observer on a divergent optical path in an enlarged manner. Reflection of the video light is made four times by four surfaces different from one another in the inside of the light guide member, such that at least total reflection is performed on a third surface as a second reflection among the four times of reflections, total reflection is performed on a first surface as a third reflection, reflection is performed on a second surface as the fourth reflection, and the video light reaches the eyes of the observer by being transmitted through the first surface.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a head-mounted display and a method of controlling the same, more particularly, a method of performing rotation compensation on a captured image based on an angle of rotating a user wearing the head-mounted display and an angle of rotating a camera detached from the head-mounted display.

Abstract: A display device includes a first polarizer for transmitting first light that is parallel to a first axis and pertains to a two-dimensional image. The display device further includes a first electrode layer, a second electrode layer, and a liquid crystal layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode. The liquid crystal layer includes a chiral dopant and a liquid crystal material and is configured to form a lens associated with a predetermined phase distribution. The lens is configured for refracting the first light to transmit second light. The display device further includes a second polarizer for polarizing the second light to transmit third light that is parallel to a second axis. The second axis is oriented at an angle with respect to the first axis in a plan view of the display device. The angle has a predetermined angle size greater than zero degree.

Abstract: A 3D projection apparatus comprises a projector, and an angular array of illumination optics coupled to an imager in the projector to create a plurality of views for an 3D image. An array of projection optics is coupled to the imager and a light source is coupled to the angular array of projection optics.

Abstract: A three-dimensional image display apparatus includes: an image output unit that outputs image light that has a particular polarization, the image output unit having: a retaining substrate including a transparent glass; an optical element retained by the retaining substrate; and a resin polarizing plate pasted with a first adhesive layer on a side of the retaining substrate opposite to a side where the optical element is retained; and a retarder that is pasted onto the polarizing plate with a second adhesive layer and has: a transparent resin base; and a plurality of phase retarding parts that are provided on the resin base and output the image light as mutually differently polarized light, the image light having been incident on the plurality of phase retarding parts, wherein the second adhesive layer is as hard as or harder than the first adhesive layer.

Abstract: An illumination system includes an optical switch component, a wavelength conversion element, a first light splitter and a light combining element. The optical switch component switches between a first state and a second state. The illumination system generates first and second waveband lights on the first and second states respectively. The first light splitter reflects a first light generated by a first light source to the wavelength conversion element to generate a second light. The composite light splitter includes a second light splitter to transmit a third light generated by a second light source to the optical switch component. In the first state, the optical switch component reflects the second light to the second light splitter to generate the first waveband light. On the second state, the second light and the third light penetrate the optical switch component to a reflection component to generate the second waveband light.

Abstract: Provided are a laminated body which is made to extend and contract to a reduced extent due to humidity so as to reduce the number of the occurrence of crosstalk, a polarization plate having the same, a stereoscopic image display device and a stereoscopic image display system. A laminated body includes a patterned phase difference film having a supporter film and a patterned optical anisotropic layer in which a first phase difference region and a second phase difference region having mutually different in-plane slow axis directions and/or phase differences are disposed in a predetermined pattern on the supporter film, and a stiff body attached to a surface of the patterned optical anisotropic layer through a first attaching layer.

Abstract: An optical imaging system includes a first diffractive optical element that receives a multi-wavelength beam of light and separates the received beam of light into diffractive orders. The optical imaging system also includes a second diffractive optical element that includes panels displaced along the second diffractive element in at least one direction, where each panel is positioned to receive and pass the multi-wavelength beam of one of the diffractive orders. A refractive optical element is positioned to receive multi-wavelength beams of the diffractive orders that pass through the second diffractive element, and an optical lens that receives the multi-wavelength beams of the diffractive orders that pass through the refractive element and focuses each of the multi-wavelength beams of the diffractive orders to a different location on an image plane at the same time.

Abstract: An optical imaging arrangement includes an optical projection unit and a control device. The optical projection unit includes a support structure and a group of optical element units adapted to transfer, in an exposure process using exposure light along an exposure light path, an image of a pattern of a mask unit onto a substrate of a substrate unit. The group of optical element units includes a first optical element unit and a plurality of second optical element units, the first optical element unit and the second optical element units, under a control by the control device, being actively supported by the support structure.

Abstract: A lens drive apparatus that displaces a lens holder in a direction of an optical axis and a direction orthogonal to the optical axis comprises: a drive section that displaces an assembly, which is formed by assembling a lens holder displaceable in the direction of the optical axis together with a plurality of magnets disposed around the lens holder, in the direction orthogonal to the optical axis by the plurality of magnets and a plurality of coils disposed at positions facing the magnets in collaboration with each other; and a Hall device that is disposed between any two of the plurality of coils and detects a position of any one of the plurality of magnets in the direction orthogonal to the optical axis.

Abstract: An eyeglasses structure includes a frame, temples, metal bars that are curved and have two ends each forming a single-loop hook, rivets, and curved grooves. The temples each have a surface forming a curved groove receiving the single-loop hook therein so that the metal bar is curved toward the frame to allow the single-loop hook of the metal bar to connect to a side edge portion of the frame. The side edge portion of the frame is provided with a box having a channel formed therein to receive the single-loop hook to fit therein and includes a box base and a box cover that are formed with multiple the rivet holes, so that with the single-loop hooks of the metal bars being disposed in the channels and covered by the box covers, rivets are individually put through the rivet holes for riveting and fixing.

Abstract: It is a subject of the present invention to provide eyeglasses which can be easily put on and off with one hand and which are capable of preventing shifts of the eyeglasses when worn. The present invention relates to eyeglasses 100 comprising a pair of right and left lenses R, a front frame portion 1 supporting the lenses R, a pad portion 2 mounted to a center of the front frame portion 1, a temple portion 5 extending rearward from an end portion on one side of the front frame portion 1 and an abutting portion 10 formed at an end portion on the other side of the front frame portion 1, wherein the temple portion 5 is hooked to an ear while the abutting portion 10 is in a state in which it abuts a side surface of a face.

Abstract: The present invention relates to sunglasses and goggles, and more particularly relates to a system for adjusting optical characteristics such as the color or the optical transmittance of sunglasses or goggles lens and relates to sunglasses and goggles equipped with the adjusting system. Provided is an optical characteristics adjusting system for sunglasses or goggles lenses, the system comprising: lenses equipped with an LCD panel; a lens drive unit equipped with an LCD drive unit for applying a driving voltage to the LCD panel; an illuminance detecting sensor for sensing the ambient illuminance; and a control unit for controlling the action of the lens drive unit in response to a signal from the illuminance detecting sensor. Also provided are sunglasses and goggles equipped with the optical characteristics adjusting system.

Abstract: A contact lens for use in controlling or retarding the progression of myopia in an eye has a central optical zone approximating the normal diameter of the pupil of the eye that gives clear central vision at distance for the wearer. An annular peripheral optical zone that is substantially outside the diameter of the pupil is formed around the central optical zone with greater refractive power than that of the central zone so that oblique rays entering the eye through the peripheral optical zone will be brought to focus at a focal plane that is substantially on or anterior to the peripheral region of the retina. Preferably, the rear surface of the lens is shaped to conform to the cornea of the eye and the front surface of the lens is shaped to provide—in conjunction with the rear surface—the desired optical properties of the central and peripheral optical zones.

Abstract: Ophthalmic lenses and spectacles for enhanced experience due to right-handedness or left-handedness.

Abstract: A transparent optical element with dual light-polarizing effect comprises a first film forming a linear light-polarizer in a first surface portion of the element, and a second film forming a retarder plate within a second surface portion. The second surface portion is contained in the first surface portion. Such element may form an eyeglass adapted for providing stereoscopic vision by light polarization selection in the second surface portion, while providing protection against excessive light intensity in the first surface portion.

Abstract: A radiation filter insert is provided. The glasses filter insert includes a first filter lens and a second filter lens, each having an inner surface and an outer surface. The first and second filter lens may include an electromagnetic filter. The present invention may include a bridge connector. The bridge connector may connect the first and second filter lenses together. The bridge connector may include a curved inner edge formed to fit around a nosepiece of an eyewear. The filtering insert may include resting tabs to allow the insert to remain in position on the eyewear. The filtering insert may further include grasping tabs. The grasping tabs allow placement using the thumb an index finger of one hand. These resting and grasping tabs enables insertion and removal without displacing the eyewear.

Abstract: An acousto-optic device capable of increasing a range of a diffraction angle of output light by using a nanostructured acousto-optic medium, and an optical scanner, an optical modulator, a two-dimensional/three-dimensional (2D/3D) conversion stereoscopic image display apparatus, and a holographic display apparatus using the acousto-optic device. The acousto-optic device may include a nanostructured acousto-optic medium formed by at least two different mediums repeatedly alternating with each other, wherein at least one of the at least two different mediums includes an acousto-optic medium. The acousto-optic device having the aforementioned structure may increase the range of a diffraction angle of output light.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of promoting brightness uniformity of a liquid crystal module, comprising steps of: step 1, employing CCD to measure a transmittance distribution of a liquid crystal panel; step 2, calculating an ideal relative brightness distribution of a back light module according to the transmittance distribution of the liquid crystal panel; step 3, manufacturing and optimizing a light guide plate mesh dots structure of the back light module according to the ideal relative brightness distribution of the back light module.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display panel includes a TFT array substrate, a color filter substrate, and a liquid crystal layer encapsulated between the TFT array substrate and the color filter substrate. The TFT array substrate, the color filter substrate and the liquid crystal layer collectively form a display area, and a margin area surrounding the display area, where the display area includes sub-pixel units surrounded by data lines and scanning lines. Either of the TFT array substrate and the color filter substrate includes heating metal members, and a pair of connection electrodes electrically connected to the plurality of heating metal members, where the heating metal members are formed on an inner side of the TFT array substrate and/or the color filter substrate and are located in the display area, and where the pair of connection electrodes are configured to provide a voltage to the heating metal members.

Abstract: A source driver with reduced number of latch devices includes a master latch device and at least one slave latch device. The master latch device has a first transmission gate, a first inverter, a second inverter, a first enable gate, and a second enable gate. The output of the second inverter is connected to the input of the first inverter. The at least one slave latch device has a second transmission gate, a third inverter, and a fourth inverter. When the first enable gate and the second enable gate receive a latch enable signal and a complementary latch enable signal respectively, the master latch device and the at least one slave latch device are concurrently driven to latch data.

Abstract: The inventive concept relates to a display device in which luminance of a light source is corrected, and the display device according to an exemplary embodiment of the inventive concept includes: a display panel displaying an image; a light source unit supplying light to the display panel; a light sensing unit embeded in the display panel and sensing a light intensity from the light source unit; and a light source controller receiving information regarding the light intensity from the light sensing unit to control a light intensity from the light source unit, wherein the light sensing unit includes a light sensing layer, and a first electrode and a second electrode formed on either side of the light sensing layer in a plan view.

Abstract: The present invention provides an array substrate of LCD display and a manufacturing method thereof, the array substrate comprises a transparent substrate, gate lines and data lines which are disposed on the transparent substrate, wherein the array substrate further comprises: a transparent conducting bar and a gate short-circuit bar which are disposed on the transparent substrate, said transparent conducting bar is disposed below said gate short-circuit bar, said gate short-circuit bar and said data lines are arranged in a same layer. The present invention can avoid the problem of burning the gate short-circuit bar due to the occurrence of static discharge, the electrical defects in the array substrate can be normally detected and repaired in the array test process, thus the qualified product rate of the array substrate of LCD display is improved.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes: a chassis in which a liquid crystal panel and a reflection sheet are placed; a rear case attached to a back face of the chassis where a part of the reflection sheet is exposed; and a signal processing substrate that is placed on the reflection sheet and that is used for driving the liquid crystal panel. A positioning mount component is mounted on the signal processing substrate, a positioning pin capable of locking the positioning mount component is formed at a position corresponding to the positioning mount component in the rear case, and the positioning mount component is fitted to the corresponding positioning pin to thereby position the signal processing substrate at a desired position on the reflection sheet.

Abstract: A display device includes: a cover glass; a first adhesive layer under the cover glass; a touch film attached to the cover glass by the first adhesive layer; a passivation layer in an edge portion of a lower surface of the touch film; a second adhesive layer under the touch film; and a display panel attached to the touch film by the second adhesive layer, the passivation layer exposed outside the display panel.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a display panel is provided. The method includes preparing a mother panel, disposing a wheel unit on the mother panel, and cutting the mother panel along a plurality of cutting lines using the wheel unit. The mother panel includes a boundary of the mother panel and a plurality of unit panels within the boundary. Each of the plurality of unit panels includes a first substrate, a second substrate facing the first substrate, a display area, and a sealant. The sealant is disposed between the first and second substrates to couple the first and second substrates. The wheel unit applies different pressures to the first and second substrates to cut the first and second substrates when the mother panel is cut.

Abstract: A display device is provided. The display device includes a substrate including a plurality of pixel areas; a thin film transistor disposed on the substrate; a first insulating layer disposed on the thin film transistor; a pixel electrode connected to the thin film transistor and disposed on the first insulating layer; a common electrode separated from the pixel electrode with a microcavity interposed therebetween; a second insulating layer disposed on the common electrode; a roof layer disposed on the second insulating layer; a hydrophobic layer disposed on the roof layer and including a plurality of protrusions; an injection hole disposed in the common electrode, the second insulating layer, and the roof layer, the injection hole exposing a portion of the microcavity; a liquid crystal layer for filling the microcavity; and an overcoat formed on the roof layer and covering the injection hole, so as to seal the microcavity.

Abstract: Discussed is a display device. The display device includes a display panel including a plurality of gate lines and a plurality of data lines, a timing controller temporally dividing one frame period and driving the display panel such that a display mode for displaying an image in the display panel and a touch mode for sensing the user touch are alternately driven, a gate driver, and a data driver. Some of the gate lines and some of the data lines overlap each of a plurality of touch electrodes that are units for sensing a user touch. The gate driver simultaneously turns on a plurality of switching elements respectively connected to the gate lines overlapping each touch electrode in the touch mode. The data driver outputting display data having the same level to the respective data lines overlapping each touch electrode when the switching elements are turned on.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a display device and a joint display. The display device includes a display panel and a cover lens. The display panel includes a main display region and an edge display region. The cover lens includes a transmission portion located on the main display region and compensation portion located on the edge display region. The compensation portion is configured to distribute the image of the edge display region to the outside of the edge display region away from the main display region. The compensation portion includes a light incident surface, a light emitting surface, and a light guiding channel. The light guiding channel extends from the light incident surface to the light emitting surface, and an area of the light emitting surface is greater than an area of the light incident surface.

Abstract: A direct type backlight module includes an optical film unit and a light emitting unit. The light emitting unit includes a laser sources, transreflective components, reflective components, and phosphors. Each laser source corresponds to a number of the transreflective components and one of the reflective components arranged at an optical path of a laser beam emitted from the laser source in sequence. The transreflective component transmits part of the irradiated laser beam and reflects the other part of the laser beam. The reflective component reflects the irradiated laser beam. The phosphors correspond to the transreflective components and the reflective components one-to-one and emit out white light when irradiated by the laser beam reflected by the transreflective components and the reflective components. The white light transmits through the optical film unit.

Abstract: A backlight module is disclosed. The backlight module comprises a circuit board, at least one light source disposed on the circuit board, and a positive probe-point and a negative probe-point, both provided on the circuit board. The positive and negative probe-points are electrically connected to the light source, and the positive probe-point and the negative probe-point are electrically connected with a current dividing element so that the light source is connected in parallel with the current dividing element. The positive probe-point and the negative probe-point are also collectively configured to detect an electrostatic damage of the backlight module.

Abstract: A light emitting device comprises a light emitting element and a light flux controlling member configured to control the distribution of light emitted from the light emitting element. The light flux controlling member comprises an incidence surface including an outer incidence surface including an inclining surface formed such that the distance from the light emitting element increases as the distance from the optical axis of the light emitted from the light emitting element increases and an inner incidence surface, a reflection surface disposed on a side of the light flux controlling member opposite to the incidence surface, and a emission surface disposed to surround the optical axis. Light emitted from the light emitting surface center of the light emitting element does not reach the inclining surface.

Abstract: A backlight unit which provides light to a liquid crystal display panel of a liquid crystal display. The backlight unit includes an optical lens module including an optical lens disposed above a point light source and configured to refract light output from the point light source, and a reflective polarization layer disposed directly on the optical lens and configured to separate polarization components of the light to transmit one polarization component and reflect another polarization component.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a display apparatus, includes disposing a first sealing material along an edge of a first substrate, disposing a second sealing material in a first area disposed at a side of the first sealing material, disposing liquid crystal on the first substrate, disposing a second substrate on the first substrate, curing the first sealing material and the second sealing material to seal the liquid crystal between the first substrate and the second substrate, and disposing an image capturing device in association with the first area of the first substrate. The second sealing material is disposed on the first substrate along imaginary lines. Each imaginary line includes a start point and an end point. The second sealing material is disposed, in association with each imaginary line, from a respective start point toward a respective end point.

Abstract: The array substrate according to the present disclosure may include gate lines, data lines, pixel units defined by the gate lines and the data lines, and an alignment film formed above the pixel units. The gate lines may extend in a horizontal direction, and a rubbing direction of the alignment film may be angled relative to a longitudinal direction at a first non-zero angle ?.

Abstract: To provide an IPS mode liquid crystal display device suitable for a segment display type that is easy to dispose each electrode and lead wirings on the same surface. The liquid crystal display device comprises first lead wirings each connected to one of the first electrodes, second lead wirings each connected to one of the second electrodes, a terminal part exposed on one edge of the first substrate without overlapping the second substrate, first external extraction electrode terminals, a detour wiring provided to the terminal part that connects several second lead wirings of the plurality of second lead wirings to each other, with each of first external extraction electrode terminals electrically insulated, second external extraction electrode terminals where each is connected to the second lead wirings connected to the detour wirings or the second lead wirings not connected to the detour wirings of the second lead wirings.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display (LCD) is provided, which includes: first and second gate lines, a data line intersecting the gate lines, first to fourth drain electrodes located near the intersections between the first and second gate lines and the data line, and a coupling electrode. First to fourth pixel electrodes respectively connected to the first to fourth drain electrodes are also provided, and the first pixel electrode is connected to the coupling electrode while the fourth pixel electrode overlaps the coupling electrode. The LCD further includes a common electrode opposite the pixel electrodes, a liquid crystal layer interposed between the pixel electrodes and the common electrode, and a domain partitioning member formed on at least one of the pixel electrode and the common electrode. Two long edges of the domains are angled with respect to the first and the second gate lines or the data line substantially by about 45°.

Abstract: A display device is provided. A display device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention includes a display panel including: a display area where a plurality of pixels are disposed and a peripheral area near the display area; and a gate driver disposed in the peripheral area and including a transistor unit and a common voltage application unit, wherein the common voltage application unit overlaps via a first insulating layer disposed on the transistor unit.

Abstract: This disclosure aims to reduce workloads and material costs when a driving circuit and a flexible wiring board are fixed to a first substrate. A display device includes a display panel having the first substrate. The driving circuit is fixed to the first substrate in a portion other than a display portion with an anisotropic conductive film. The flexible wiring board is fixed to the first substrate at an end of the portion other than the display portion with an anisotropic conductive film. The anisotropic conductive film for fixing the driving circuit and the anisotropic film for fixing the flexible wiring board are the same. The anisotropic conductive film is also formed and hardened in a region other than a region having the driving circuit and the flexible wiring board fixed therein within the portion other than the display portion of the first substrate.

Abstract: A display device includes a display panel, a flexible circuit board, a signal transmission board, a driver component, a frame-shaped member, and a heat dissipation member. The signal transmission board is configured to transmit signals to the flexible circuit board. The driver component is mounted on the flexible circuit board and configured to process the signals from the signal transmission board and supply the processed signals to the display panel. The frame-shaped member retains the liquid crystal panel by holding edges of the display panel on a display surface side. The heat dissipation member has higher thermal conductivity than the frame-shaped member and embedded in a portion of the frame-shaped member. The heat dissipation member includes a contact portion that projects toward the signal transmission board and a distal end that is in contact with a portion of the flexible circuit board on which the driver component is mounted.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display includes a substrate including a plurality of pixels, each pixel having a first sub-pixel and a second sub-pixel; a pixel electrode including a first pixel electrode formed in a region corresponding to the first sub-pixel and a second pixel electrode formed in a region corresponding to the second sub-pixel on the substrate; a common electrode including a first common electrode formed to be spaced from the first pixel electrode and a second common electrode formed to be spaced from the second pixel electrode on the substrate; and a thin film transistor formed on the substrate to be electrically connected to the first pixel electrode and the second pixel electrode.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a liquid crystal display includes an array substrate provided with pixel electrodes including a first pixel electrode and a second pixel electrode aligning in a first direction, a first gate line placed on one side of the pixel electrodes in a second direction, a second gate line placed on the other side of the pixel electrodes, a source line extending along the second direction, a first pixel switch for switching connection of the source line with the first pixel electrode by a gate signal provided through the first gate line, and a second pixel switch for switching connection of the source line with the second pixel electrode by another gate signal provided through the second gate line, an counter-substrate provided with an common electrode, and a liquid crystal layer held between the substrates.

Abstract: The present invention provides a manufacture method of a thin film transistor substrate: forming a first metal layer, a first chemical vapor deposition layer, a second metal layer and a second chemical vapor deposition layer on a substrate; forming photoresistor on the second chemical vapor deposition layer; implementing exposure and development to the photoresistor; implementing via etching to a via area where the photoresistor on the second chemical vapor deposition layer is removed; implementing photoresistor ashing to remove the photoresistor in the area of the common capacitor; etching the silicon nitride layer; forming a pixel electrode layer. The present invention is capable of promoting video quality and saving the backlight power consumption.

Abstract: A hybrid transparent conductive film, and methods for fabricating such hybrid transparent conductive films, involving the assembly of two-dimensional graphene-based materials with one-dimensional silver and/or copper nanowires with high optical transmittance and good electrical conductivity. The hybrid films are characterized by a good degree of control of the architecture at the nanoscale level, where the weakness(es) of each component are offset by the strengths of the other components. By rational design of the structure and using simple and locate-cost fabrication methods, hybrid films with sheet resistance of 26 ohm/sq and optical transmittance (at ?=550 nm) of 83% for reduced graphene oxide/silver nanowire films, and 64 ohm/sq and optical transmittance of 93.6% for monolayer graphene/silver nanowire films have been fabricated. These values are comparable to transparent conductive films based on indium tin oxide but are now able to be used in flexible electronics due to their good mechanical properties.

Abstract: Prior electrochromic devices frequently suffer from high levels of defectivity. The defects may be manifest as pin holes or spots where the electrochromic transition is impaired. This is unacceptable for many applications such as electrochromic architectural glass. Improved electrochromic devices with low defectivity can be fabricated by depositing certain layered components of the electrochromic device in a single integrated deposition system. While these layers are being deposited and/or treated on a substrate, for example a glass window, the substrate never leaves a controlled ambient environment, for example a low pressure controlled atmosphere having very low levels of particles. These layers may be deposited using physical vapor deposition.

Abstract: An electrically controllable device includes two supported electrodes, each coated with a conductive coating, the two electrodes positioned with respect to one another so that the conductive coatings are facing each other. An electroactive system, sandwiched between, and in contact with, the two electrodes, has an area smaller than that of each of the electrodes to define a peripheral groove over the entire perimeter of the electroactive system. A peripheral seal fills the groove over the entire perimeter of the electroactive system and is entirely in contact with the two electrodes. The contact area between the seal and the first electrode and the contact area between the seal and the second electrode each include a conductive part and a non-conductive part. No conductive part of the contact area between the seal and the first electrode is opposite a conductive part of the contact area between the seal and the second electrode.

Abstract: Controllers and control methods apply a drive voltage to bus bars of a thin film optically switchable device. The applied drive voltage is provided at a level that drives a transition over the entire surface of the optically switchable device but does not damage or degrade the device. This applied voltage produces an effective voltage at all locations on the face of the device that is within a bracketed range. The upper bound of this range is associated with a voltage safely below the level at which the device may experience damage or degradation impacting its performance in the short term or the long term. At the lower boundary of this range is an effective voltage at which the transition between optical states of the device occurs relatively rapidly. The level of voltage applied between the bus bars is significantly greater than the maximum value of the effective voltage within the bracketed range.

Abstract: An embodiment of the invention provides a method for forming microcapsules for electrophoresis display by forming microcapsules through a complex coacervation reaction between a sulfonated styrene maleic anhydride copolymer and gelatin, wherein a mass ratio of the sulfonated styrene maleic anhydride copolymer to the gelatin is 1:10˜10:1. The method of the embodiment of the invention not only can obtain microcapsules with good sealability and stability, but also can obtain microcapsules having evenly distributed particle sizes and low cost.

Abstract: A display device may include a display portion to maintain a display state in accordance with a voltage applied thereto; and a plurality of light transmission regions adjacent to the display portion at positions corresponding to a plurality of light sources arranged over the display portion.

Abstract: An apparatus comprising a modulation block comprising a plurality of modulators, wherein each of the plurality of modulators comprises an optical input port and an optical output port, and wherein all of the optical input ports and all of the optical output ports are positioned on one face of the modulation block. Another apparatus comprising a modulation block comprising one or more Mach-Zehnder modulators (MZMs), wherein each MZM is coupled to an optical input port, an optical output port, and at least one electrical trace, wherein all of the optical input ports and all of the optical output ports are positioned on a first side of the modulation block, and wherein all of the electrical traces are positioned on a second side of the modulation block, and a planar lightwave circuit (PLC) coupled to the modulation block via an optical interface.