Abstract: A flow conditioner includes a plate having a hole pattern and a flange surrounding the plate; and at least one pressure tap that is integral with the flow conditioner. The at least one pressure tap is on at least one of a first face of the flow conditioner, a second face of the flow conditioner, within a hole, or any combination thereof.

Abstract: A method of calculating a time difference is disclosed. The method includes receiving a first signal, determining a first envelope of the first signal, and determining a first time the first envelope crosses a threshold. The method further includes receiving a second signal, determining a second envelope of the second signal, and determining a second time the second envelope crosses the threshold. The time difference is calculated between the first and second times.

Abstract: Provided is an ultrasonic flow switch which can be stably mounted on pipe. A clamp part is mounted on an outer surface of the pipe. A casing part which integrally or independently holds the first and second ultrasonic wave elements is fixed to the clamp part by a sensor fixing screw. The clamp part is configured to restrict displacement of the casing part in an axial direction of the pipe and in a circumferential direction of the pipe and to allow displacement of the casing part in a radial direction of the pipe in a state where the casing part is not fixed.

Abstract: Provided is an ultrasonic flow switch which can be stably mounted on pipes. A casing part which integrally or independently holds the ultrasonic wave elements is mounted on an outer surface of the pipe by a clamp part. An acoustic couplant which is formed of a soft elastic body is pressed to an outer surface of the pipe such that at least one of the first and second ultrasonic wave elements is acoustically coupled to the pipe. A collapsing amount of the acoustic couplant at a portion where the collapsing amount of the acoustic couplant caused by the pipe is the largest is restricted by a collapsing amount restricting part.

Abstract: Device for measuring the relative speed of movement of a fluid in relation to an object, characterised in that said device comprises at least one sensor 2 positioned in a suitable area of the object, wherein said at least one sensor 2 is capable of identifying and utilising, in conjunction with at least one computer 3, local aerodynamic or hydrodynamic instability, originating from the relative movement of said fluid in relation to an element 1 of said object, depending on the speed of movement of the fluid.

Abstract: Provided is an ultrasonic flow switch that can be used by simple setting operation. Input information regarding at least one of the pipe and the fluid is accepted, a flow rate of the fluid in the pipe is calculated, based on an output signal of at least one of the ultrasonic elements, and the accepted input information, and an on/off signal is outputted, based on the calculated flow rate and a flow rate threshold value decided beforehand. In a simple setting mode, only an outer diameter of the pipe, only a thickness of the pipe, or both the outer diameter and the thickness of the pipe is (are) accepted as the input information.

Abstract: A fluid flow meter system for monitoring fluid flow through a lumen includes a first ultrasonic transducer configured to transmit one or more versions of a transmit (TX) signal through a fluid flowing within the lumen, and a second ultrasonic transducer configured to receive one or more respective receive (RX) signals. The fluid flow meter system includes an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) configured to sample, at a first frequency, the one or more RX ultrasonic signals and a processor configured to generate a fine resolution signal based on the one or more RX ultrasonic signals. The fine resolution signal is associated with a second sampling rate higher than the first sampling rate. The processor is also configured to compute a cross-correlation signal indicative of cross-correlation between the fine resolution signal and a waveform and determine an estimated fluid flow parameter based on the computed cross-correlation signal.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method which can readily design an agricultural chemical-containing resin composition having a desired release rate history and can produce the agricultural chemical-containing resin composition. Specifically disclosed is a method for producing an agricultural chemical-containing resin composition, including: respectively selecting an acetamiprid content AcSA and a hydrophilic white carbon content CaSA in the composition relative to the total mass of acetamiprid, a styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer or a styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer-mixed resin, and hydrophilic white carbon, so as to satisfy the inequations of: 0.524×AcSA+1.422×CaSA?6.009?40% by mass, 5% by mass?AcSA?35% by mass, and CaSA?0.1% by mass; and mixing the acetamiprid, the styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer or the styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer-mixed resin, and the hydrophilic white carbon, so that the thus selected contents AcSA and CaSA can be achieved.

Abstract: Described and shown is a method for operating a flowmeter (1) having a measuring tube (2), wherein the flow (d) of a medium (4) through the measuring tube (2) is measured. A continuous dwell time of the measured flow (d) greater than or equal to a flow threshold (ds) is assigned to a flow interval (?tD,1, ?tD,2) and a flow volume (V1, V2) is determined from the measured flow (d) in the flow interval (?tD,1, ?tD,2). In each case, a continuous dwell time of the measured flow (d) less than the flow threshold (ds) is assigned to a zero flow interval (?tN,1). In each case, a deviation volume of the flow volume (V1, V2) in one of the flow intervals (?tD,1, ?tD,2) from a reference flow volume is determined and the deviation volume is compared to a threshold deviation volume.

Abstract: A measuring cup may have volumetric indicia printed along upper and lower surfaces of a reference member disposed near a central portion of a space encircled by a sidewall of the measuring cup. The volumetric indicia may be viewable from above the measuring cup while the cup is disposed on a horizontal countertop or work surface. When inverted, the volumetric indicia printed along a lower surface of the reference member may likewise be viewable from above. In essence, the measuring cup contains two receptacles for measuring volumes of substances. One receptacle is accessible from a “top” of the measuring cup, while another receptacle is accessible from a “bottom” of the measuring cup. The reference member eliminates the need to raise the measuring cup to eye level to check the volume of substance.

Abstract: A gauge adapter system, comprising a gauge adapter device and a server, the gauge adapter device having a gauge interface circuit board comprising a network adapter, at least one set of pins adapted to connect to a tank gauge, a power interface connected to the gauge interface circuit board adapted to connect to the tank gauge to receive power from the gauge; and a plurality of lights adapted to provide transmit and receive indications, wherein each device has a unique source IP address, as well as a server comprising, a decryption and encryption module that encrypts and decrypts messages a plurality of device queues each in communication with a gauge adapter device, the queues containing commands for the devices a command generator adapted to placing commands in the device queues, wherein the commands are gauge emulation tasks, and the commands are authenticated by a device source IP address.

Abstract: A dipstick assembly includes a handle and a dipstick contacting and being supported on the handle, where the handle includes a waist portion including a first material and a head portion including a second material, the first material including a thermoplastic elastomer.

Abstract: Devices can be used for detecting a level of a fluid in a medical fluid reservoir and for controlling the level. For example, this documents describes devices and methods for controlling the flow rate of a medical pump, and/or the occlusion amount of a medical fluid tube, based on the detected level of fluid in the medical reservoir.

Abstract: A coaxial probe for a time-domain reflectometry (TDR) fill-level measuring system includes an outer electrically conductive tube (outer tube), an inner electrically conductive rod (inner rod) within the outer tube on at least one end, and at least one tensioning device (tensioning device). The tensioning device includes a tensioner body between the inner rod and outer tube for stretching the inner rod in a length direction relative to the outer tube to tension the inner rod. The tensioning device is placed at at least one of an end of a lower probe portion and an end of an upper probe portion of the coaxial probe.

Abstract: A radiometric fill level measurement device includes a scintillator arrangement and two photon counters. The measurement signals generated by the two photon counters can be compared with one another, thus increasing the measurement accuracy and the stability of the measurement signals.

Abstract: An apparatus for the conveyance of at least one flowable material, in particular of bulk materials, is provided. The apparatus includes at least one first container for taking up the flowable material, wherein the at least one first container includes at least one first inlet means for introducing the flowable material into the first container and at least one outlet means for discharging the flowable material from the first container. The at least one first container includes at least one means for the contactless measurement of the quantity of the flowable material in the at least one first container.

Abstract: Provided is a combination weighing device whereby a physical quantity for assessing the quantity of articles loaded on a conveyance path for conveying articles to a weighing part can be accurately sensed in non-contact manner in order to appropriately control the supplying of articles to the weighing part, without the sensing being affected by a structure above the combination weighing device and/or side walls provided to sides of the conveyance path. A combination weighing device (10) is provided with cameras (60) and a plurality of radial feeders (30) for conveying articles to weighing hoppers (50). The radial feeders (30) have side walls (31a) for surrounding sides of an article conveyance path. The side walls (31a) extend upward and along a conveyance direction of the articles. The cameras (60) sense, in non-contact manner, a physical quantity for assessing a quantity of articles loaded on the radial feeders (30).

Abstract: A household scale including a housing intended to be placed horizontally during use, the housing including a support, at least one weight measuring system, connected to a display unit for the result of the measurement, the scale being designed to hold on the support, during use, and a container for holding an item or ingredient. The housing includes a connection to the support enabling the support to hold the container in the following two positions. A stowage position in which the container is attached to the support regardless of the position of the scale in space, and a position of use in which the container is set down on the support not attached to it.

Abstract: A mobile scale including a lower frame having at least one load cell and an upper deck having at least one load cell engagement surface for engaging the at least one load cell. The upper deck is movable from a first position where the at least one load cell engagement surface is engaged with the at least one load cell to a second position where the at least one load cell engagement surface is disengaged from the at least one load cell. Also, a method of weighing and moving a load. The load is placed on the mobile scale described above. The weight of the load is determined using the load cells when the upper deck is in the first position. The mobile scale is then lifted to transition the upper deck from the first position to the second position and moved to a new location.

Abstract: A weighing device (101) has a weighing unit (102), a control unit and at least one application unit (110). The application unit is positioned within a secondary unit (104) that also has a receiving unit. The control unit has a unit for transmitting data. The weighing unit comprises load receivers (106) and a power transmitting unit. The secondary unit is placed on the load receivers, leaving a gap between the top side of the weighing unit and the bottom side of the secondary unit. The weighing unit transmits a power signal from the power transmitting unit to the receiving unit of the secondary unit through the gap and a control signal is transmitted from the data transmitting unit to the receiving unit of the secondary unit through the gap. The secondary unit, and in turn the application unit, is powered and controlled in a contactless manner.

Abstract: Method for analyzing the condition of a machine having a slowly rotating part, includes: rotating a rotatable part at a rotational speed of less than 50 rpm; generating an analogue electric measurement signal dependent on mechanical vibrations emanating from rotation of a shaft using a sensor having mechanical characteristics causing it to resonate at a certain resonance frequency; sampling the analogue measurement signal at a sampling frequency to generate a digital measurement data sequence in response to the received analogue measurement data; digitally filtering the digital measurement data sequence to obtain a filtered measurement signal and achieve a signal having a bandwidth between an upper and a lower frequency which is lower than the certain resonance frequency and the upper frequency being higher than the certain resonance frequency; generating a digitally enveloped signal in response to the filtered measurement signal by digitally rectifying the filtered measurement signal, and by digital low p

Abstract: For wavefield analysis/processes, constructing f1 solutions and utilizing the f1 solutions of a medium using iterative incomplete time-reversal. Using sources convolved with the f1 solution, propagating a wavefield without internal reverberation in a medium. Many applications of the resulting reverberation-free wavefield or virtual data are also disclosed.

Abstract: Utilizing a quench time to deionize an ultraviolet (UV) sensor tube are described herein. One method includes monitoring firing events within a UV sensor tube, where a particular firing event initiates arming the UV sensor tube, initiating a quench time to deionize the UV sensor tube, where the quench time includes, disarming the UV sensor tube to prevent a firing event.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an output-current detection IC chip for diode sensors and a diode sensor device, which reduce the influence by a leak current of a protection circuit. The present invention is equipped with a sensor unit in which anodes of N (N being an integer of 2 or more) diode sensors are connected to each other, a common terminal connected to a connection portion where the anodes are connected to each other, N input terminals connected to cathodes of the diode sensors, N+1 protection circuits connected to the input terminals and the common terminal, an I-V conversion circuit which converts an output current of each diode sensor into a voltage, a chopper circuit which switches the polarity of the output current and inputs the same to the I-V conversion circuit, and a dummy protection circuit connected to the input of the I-V conversion circuit.

Abstract: In one aspect, a spectrometer insert is provided. The spectrometer insert includes: an enclosed housing; a first transparent window on a first side of the enclosed housing; a second transparent window on a second side of the enclosed housing, wherein the first side and the second side are opposing sides of the enclosed housing; and a sample mounting and heating assembly positioned within an interior cavity of the enclosed housing in between, and in line of sight of, the first transparent window and the second transparent window. A method for using the spectrometer insert to locally heat a sample so as to measure temperature-dependent optical properties of the sample is also provided.

Abstract: In accordance with a broad aspect of the present invention the system and method described are directed to correcting with a single reference channel thermally dependent spectrum shifts of a light source used with a spectrophotometer. In one embodiment of the system and method described, a light measuring device uses the measured light intensity values to generate a correction coefficient for use in correcting measured light from an object under analysis.

Abstract: Certain implementations of the disclosed technology may include Fabry-Perot Interferometer (FPI)-based sensors systems and methods for measuring a desired stimulus. In accordance with an example implementation of the disclosed technology, a method is provided for receiving, by a Fabry-Perot Interferometer (FPI) sensor, first interrogation light having a first wavelength and second interrogation light having a second wavelength. The FPI sensor is configured to alter the received first interrogation light and the second interrogation light responsive to a measurement stimulus. The method includes detecting, by a first optical detector, a measurement signal responsive to receiving the altered first interrogation light and the altered second interrogation light from the FPI sensor, the measurement signal corresponding to the measurement stimulus. The method includes producing a measurement output signal, the measurement output signal representing an intensity of the measurement signal.

Abstract: Described herein are methods, apparatuses, and systems that enable a light weight autonomous unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) to process hyperspectral (HSI) data during its flight and send information to the ground computer via radio-link. This capability is not currently available owing to the severe combination of technical constraints: the typical processing power required to analyze HSI data in real time; the small space and power available for the payload in a light-weight UAV; and the limited bandwidth available on the wireless link.

Abstract: Various novel sampling heads and interface fittings are disclosed herein adapted for use with handheld RAMAN or other material evaluating devices or analyzers using radiation or electromagnetic energy to identify sampled materials. In particular, the interface fittings or members facilitate measurement of irregularly shaped or very small materials to be sampled.

Abstract: Systems and methods for characterizing solid state lighting devices are provided. In certain examples, systems and methods for measuring various parameters of light emitting diodes (LEDs), characterizing each LED based on the measured parameters and selecting one or more of the characterized LEDs such that the emitted light from each of the selected LEDs is mixed with the light from the other selected LEDs to create a desired overall light output are described.

Abstract: A multilayered circuit board having a metal-free region vertically extending through at least a portion of a conductive layer, which lies generally parallel to a horizontal plane, vertically spaced from an outer surface. Heat-emitting and heat-sensitive components are mounted on the outer surface. The heat-emitting component is vertically and laterally spaced from the metal-free region, whereas the heat-sensitive component is vertically spaced and laterally aligned within the metal-free region such that the metal-free region is a thermal barrier that shields heat-sensitive component from radial heat flowing from the heat-emitting component.

Abstract: A number of variations may include a method which may include determining a temperature rise in an IGBT junction without the use of a temperature estimation or measurement device because determination may be made by first determining the power loss due to the conduction losses of the IGBT and power loss associated with switching the IGBT where these losses may be determined by utilizing the saturation voltage of the IGBT, IGBT PWM duty cycle, IGBT switching frequency, fundamental frequency along with a lookup table for the switching energies and the phase current going through the IGBT. The determined power loss may be multiplied by a measured, sensed or obtained thermal impedance from the IGBT junction. Finally, the determined temperature rise of the IGBT junction may be added to a measured, sensed or obtained temperature of the coolant in order to determine the absolute temperature of the IGBT junction.

Abstract: A method for energizing the stator windings of a rotating field machine operable in motor mode, the stator windings respectively being impinged upon with phase currents that are predefined using a vector-based method. The phase currents are impinged upon at least in part with bias currents that are determined by the vector-based method in such a way that they exhibit no torque effectiveness in the rotating field machine.

Abstract: A coupling device for an optical waveguide includes an optical waveguide connection for a first optical waveguide. The coupling device includes an optical filter arranged in a beam path between a laser light source and the optical waveguide connection which reflects light of a first wavelength range or a first polarization direction and transmits light of a second wavelength range or a second polarization direction.

Abstract: Apparatuses and methods for measuring and characterizing ultrasound using thermoacoustic sensors are provided. Thermoacoustic sensors can include heat flux sensors for detecting a temperature difference (between the front and back of the heat flux sensor) and an absorber layer attached to the heat flux sensor for absorbing ultrasound, converting it to heat, and also acting as an acoustic impedance matching layer. An heat sink can also be used. In some embodiments, thermoacoustic sensors can be arranged into an acoustic integrating sphere and face inward to form a cavity. The sphere can have an opening to the cavity, wherein ultrasound emitted through the opening can cause a temperature difference that can be detected by the thermoacoustic sensors. These apparatuses and others can provide for methods of measuring ultrasound power and/or methods of determining an ultrasound profile as the angular distribution of emitted ultrasound power generated by an ultrasound transducer.

Abstract: The invention relates to a more accurate system for calibration and/or characterization of temperature measurement instruments by telemetry, involving a reference unit with thermal gradient defined by a disc with thermal gradient, comprising at least one concentric heat diffuser metal ring, with temperature sensors that generate a staggered radial temperature profile mechanically linked with a cavity of a black body, housed in an electric furnace to produce and control the temperature thereof; a method for calibration of instruments for measuring temperature by telemetry; using a measurement subsystem for calibration of temperature measurement by telemetry, disposed opposite at least one said furnaces, consisting of a platform with longitudinal graduated scale as an indicator of distance, which is adapted to mount pattern equipment and the equipment to be calibrated; a PC, in which temperature readings of the reference ring system with thermal gradient of the cylindrical cavity of black body and, reference pa

Abstract: The averaged pulse energy (J) of a Pulsed Type Laser Source can be measured by several types of commercial laser energy meters, such as pyroelectric detector or thermopile sensor, the spectral responsivity and the time/frequency related response properties of which are compatible with those of the Pulsed Type Laser Source. These Commercial Laser Energy Meters, regardless of sensor/detector type, should be calibrated against the working standards calibrated in a national (or an international) traceability chain relying on primary standards on the highest level having the lowest uncertainty in realizations of the fundamental SI units. FCIS based-LEMCS designed in this invention accomplishes both of the above proficiencies of measuring the averaged pulse energy of the Pulsed Type Laser Source and calibrating the Commercial Laser Energy Meters, which are traceably to primary level standards.

Abstract: An ultrasonic integrating calorimeter having a supply side temperature detector; a return side temperature detector; a flow rate measure provided with a flow rate measuring pipe wherein a return side fluid flows in a heat exchanging circuit, a first and second ultrasonic transducer; a calorific value calculator, secured to the flow rate measuring portion, calculating the calorific value of the heat exchanged by the heat exchanging circuit, from the outputs of the supply side temperature detector, the return side temperature detector, and the flow rate measuring portion. A calculation signal line transmits, from the flow rate measuring portion to the calorific value calculator, an output signal of the flow rate measuring portion. A display, which can be separate from the calorific value calculator, displays a calorific value; and a display signal line transmits an output of the calorific value calculator from the calorific value calculator to the display.

Abstract: A force sensor for measuring axially occurring forces in manually operated or pneumatic presses has a central axis and an outer diameter and includes a bolt and a nut that preload between them a piezoelectric force washer with a plug connection. The washer has an inner end face defining a first bore having a first diameter with an internal thread. The bolt defines a throughbore with an internal diameter, a head portion and a hollow shaft defining a frontal external thread extending through the force washer and engaging the nut's internal thread. The nut or the head portion defines a second bore with a second diameter measuring smaller than the shafts internal diameter but at least one quarter of the outer diameter and at least as long as its diameter. The inner wall of the second bore defines a center mount for a sliding fit.

Abstract: A load transducer is disclosed herein. The load transducer includes a body portion having a plurality of sides, the plurality of sides of the body portion including a first side; a plurality of beam portions including a first beam portion and a second beam portion, the first beam portion being coupled to the body portion, the second beam portion being coupled to the first beam portion, and the second beam portion extending along the first side of the body portion; and at least one load cell disposed on one or more of the plurality of beam portions, the at least one load cell configured to measure at least one force or moment component of a load applied to the load transducer. A force measurement assembly including a plurality of load transducers with first and second beam portions is also disclosed herein.

Abstract: A metal resistance strain gage with a high gage factor is provided. The electrical resistance strain gage includes a strain sensitive metallic element and has a chemical composition on a weight basis of approximately 63% to 84% Ni and approximately 16% to 37% Fe and a gage factor greater than 5.

Abstract: The invention provides a load determining system including a sensorized rolling element bearing in a hub unit for wheels. The bearing includes a first ring and a second ring as an inner ring and an outer ring. Either one of the first and second ring may be the inner ring, the other ring being the outer ring. The system includes at least one magnetic sensor attached to the first ring that interacts with a target wheel attached to the second ring. Further, the system includes a signal processing unit configured to receive the magnetic sensor output of the at least one magnetic sensor. The signal processing unit is configured to determine at least axial forces acting on the bearing based on the amplitude of the magnetic sensor output. It is proposed that a pitch wavelength of the target ring is 4 mm or less.

Abstract: A pressure sensor for recording a pressure of a fluid medium in a measuring cell. The pressure sensor includes a sensor housing, at least one first pressure sensor element for measuring a pressure of the medium, and a drive and/or evaluation circuit for outputting a signal indicative of a pressure acting on the first pressure sensor element. The drive and/or evaluation circuit is configured on or in a circuit substrate disposed within the sensor housing. The first pressure sensor element is configured on or in the circuit substrate and is separated from the fluid medium by at least one first separating membrane.

Abstract: A pressure sensor includes: a first substrate having first and second diaphragms on one surface provided by first and second recesses on another surface; first and second detecting elements on the first and second diaphragms; a second substrate providing a first reference pressure chamber with the one surface of the first substrate; a third substrate providing a second reference pressure chamber sealing the second recess; and a calculator calculating an offset by a difference between reference and inspection signals and detecting the pressure of the measurement medium by a difference between the detection signal and the offset value. The first detecting element outputs the detection or inspection signal according to pressure difference between the first reference pressure and reference medium pressure or measurement medium pressure in the first recess. The second detecting element outputs the reference signal according to a difference between the first and second reference pressure.

Abstract: A pressure detector includes a passage casing, a fixing body, a sensing member, a sealing member, and a power supply member. The passage casing and the fixing body form a receiving space where the sensing member is disposed in. The sealing member is filled into the rest of the receiving space and separates the sensing member from the fixing body, and prevents a fluid to be measured coming from the chamber from leaking to outside space. The circuit board of the sensing member is protected from contacting the fluid to be measured directly. Thus, the accuracy of measuring pressure is improved, and the lifetime of the pressure detector is lengthened.

Abstract: A mobile device according to one of a plurality of aspects comprises an atmospheric pressure sensor configured to measure a value of atmospheric pressure, a touch screen, and at least one controller configured to conjecture that the mobile device is immersed in water when the value of the atmospheric pressure satisfies a condition. The at least one controller is configured to conjecture whether the mobile device that has been immersed in water is out of the water on the basis of a detection result obtained by the touch screen. The mobile device is able to determine whether the mobile device is immersed in water and whether the mobile device is out of the water, while keeping the electric power consumption low, due to using the touch screen only when determining whether the mobile device is out of the water.

Abstract: In one implementation, an electronic device includes: a display; a sensor configured to measure information to be used for determining whether the electronic device is underwater; and at least one processor configured to determine, based on results of the measurement by the sensor, whether the electronic device has fallen into the water. Upon determining that the electronic device has fallen into the water, the at least one processor displays maintenance operation information for guiding a user to maintenance operations for the electronic device on the display. The electronic device is capable of, when the electronic device has fallen into the water, guiding a user so as to prompt the user to perform self-maintenance on the electronic device so that a breakdown or the like of the electronic device due to moisture left in the electronic device can be prevented.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a calibration unit (1, 37) for a roller nip gauge. The roller nip gauge has sensors for length or force measurement. The calibration unit (1, 37) comprises an upper part (3) and a lower part (2). The calibration unit (1, 37) has means to place a part acting on a sensor element (26) of a sensor (25) during calibration in parallel with a surface (9) of the calibration unit (1, 37) receiving the sensor (25).

Abstract: The apparatus comprises a pipe PIG and a gauge. The PIG is for use with a pipeline and is of the type including: a body defining a longitudinal axis; and a pair of seals connected to the body and axially spaced apart from one another by the body. The gauge: has a longitudinal axis; has an outer periphery through which the longitudinal axis of the gauge passes centrally; has a central position relative to the body wherein the longitudinal axis of the body and the longitudinal axis of the gauge are at least substantially coincident; and is mounted to the body for generally radial movement relative to the central position.

Abstract: A method of pressure testing a closed hydraulic system for leaks includes heating or cooling pressure intensification fluid before it enters the closed hydraulic system under pressure. The closed hydraulic system may be for example a blowout preventer for an oil/gas well, a manifold system or tubulars. The intensification fluid is heated or cooled to a temperature at or near the temperature of the fluid within the closed hydraulic system.