Abstract: The present invention relates to a process and a device (1) to test the sealing of cork stoppers (R). The device (1) comprises a partitioning mechanism dividing a chamber in two compartments (8a, 8b). The partitioning mechanism comprises: an adjustable insulator (9) configured to hermetically seal a central part of the stopper (R) from the outside environment and simultaneously to arrange each end of the stopper (R) in one of the compartments (8a, 8b); and an insulator actuation member (10) to arrange the insulator (9) on the central part of the stopper (R). The device farther comprises a block (11a) for closing the compartment (8a); an inlet (12) connected to a test fluid source, the source arranged in the block (11a), and a detection member (13) connected to the same block (11a). The present invention finds application in the field of cork stopper production and in the cork industry in general.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for testing closed hydraulic systems such as a blowout preventer for leaks maintain a constant pressure in the portion of the hydraulic system to be tested. A variable displacement pump is connected to the system for maintaining a constant pressure within the system. Any amount of fluid introduced into or removed from the blowout preventer in order to maintain constant pressure is measured and is an indication of the leak rate in the closed hydraulic system.

Abstract: Automated apparatus for performing maintenance functions on airfoil-shaped bodies having short chord lengths, the apparatus being movable in a spanwise direction along the airfoil-shaped body. In accordance with various embodiments, the apparatus comprises a blade crawler capable of supporting any one of a plurality of end effectors for performing a set of maintenance functions on an airfoil-shaped body, such as a blade component. Included in these functions are multiple options for nondestructive inspection, drilling, grinding, fastening, appliqué application, scarfing, ply mapping, depainting, cleaning, and painting devices that are attached as the end effector for the blade crawler. As a whole, the blade crawler reduces maintenance time, labor hours and human errors when robotic maintenance functions are performed on blade components.

Abstract: A method for providing a condition evaluation of a mechanical structure which includes a rotating machine component includes providing an input signal that represents mechanical vibrations in the mechanical structure and selecting, on the basis of the input signal and a number of reference signals, one among a plurality of predetermined condition evaluations for the mechanical structure. When the rotating machine component includes a gear transmission, the condition evaluation is selected using amplitude demodulation. When the machine component includes a rotating bearing, the condition evaluation is selected using cross-correlation.

Abstract: A process for monitoring for the presence of fretting and/or smearing with false brinelling potential in a non-rotating bearing provides the steps of: acquiring acoustic emission data emanating from the non-rotating bearing under an alternating load; and comparing the acoustic emission data with a threshold indicative of fretting and/or smearing.

Abstract: A control device for an internal combustion engine that includes: a first detection unit detecting, as a first parameter, a temperature of a nozzle tip of an injector; and a second detection unit detecting, as a second parameter, a heat quantity of a cylinder head, and executes a dew condensation determination by using at least one of the first parameter and the second parameter, the control device includes: a third detection unit detecting an evaluation value allowing to evaluate a state of the internal combustion engine, a threshold value for selecting which parameter of the first and second parameters is selected being set with respect to the evaluation value, wherein the control device switches a parameter to be used to the first parameter, to the second parameter, or to both the first and second parameters in accordance with the evaluation value when executing the dew condensation determination.

Abstract: A misfire determination apparatus includes a rotation variation amount acquisition unit that obtains a rotation variation amount (?NE), which is a difference between a first angular velocity variation amount (??1) obtained during an expansion stroke of an arbitrary cylinder of a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine and a second angular velocity variation amount (??2) having been obtained in relation to a cylinder that has reached the expansion stroke N (where N is a positive integer) revolutions of a crankshaft before the arbitrary cylinder reaches the expansion stroke, and a misfire determination unit that, when the obtained rotation variation amount (?NE) exceeds a predetermined threshold (?NEth), determines that a misfire has not occurred in the internal combustion engine when a predetermined condition is established, and determines that a misfire has occurred in the internal combustion engine when the predetermined condition is not established.

Abstract: Systems and methods compute dysfunctions via mapping of tri-axial accelerations of drill pipe into drill-string motions. The methods remove gravitational and centripetal accelerations to yield corrected acceleration data due to the vibration only, transform the corrected acceleration data, and maps resulting transformed acceleration data into continuous drill-string positions. The maps provide 2D/3D visualization of drill-string motions to enable real-time optimization and control of well drilling operations and other scenarios where proactive detection of temporal events in automated systems may aid in avoiding failures.

Abstract: A flow through fluid sampling system includes a sample tube and a cap. The sample tube is configured to collect a sample of a fluid and has an open top. The cap is configured to be secured to the sample tube to close the open top. The cap includes an inflow port configured to allow fluid to enter the fluid sample tube, an outflow port configured to allow fluid to leave the sample tube.

Abstract: A microorganism evaluation system comprising a first viewing section, wherein a first fluid flow supplies and passes through the first viewing section, the first fluid flow defining a first fluid flow rate, a relatively smaller second viewing section, wherein a second fluid flow supplies and passes through the second viewing section, the second fluid flow defining a second fluid flow rate, and an isokinetic probe positioned so as to sample from the first fluid flow so as to provide the second fluid flow.

Abstract: A device used to examine layer material for contamination. The device comprises a heating device to heat a test area of the layer material and a detector device to detect at least one contaminant desorbed from the layer material. The heating device comprises at least one infra-red heating element. A method comprises heating a test area of the layer material and detecting at least one contaminant desorbed from the layer material. The heating takes place via an infra-red heating element.

Abstract: An exemplary embodiment of the present invention provides a simultaneous multipoint testing system for analyzing the composition of a fluid in a duct. The system can comprise a plurality of probes each having a plurality of sample legs at different locations within the duct. Each probe can also comprise a mixing chamber for mixing fluid samples collected by each of the sample legs. The system can further comprise a global mixing chamber configured to receive the mixtures of fluid samples from each probe mixing chamber and mix those fluid samples to create a global fluid sample. The system can further comprise an analyzer configured to receive at least a portion of the global fluid sample and measure levels predetermined compounds present in the at least a portion of the global fluid sample.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides systems and methods for measuring a water contaminant. In an exemplary embodiment the system comprises an intake configured to be in fluid communication with a water source of interest, a cumulative flow meter configured to measure the amount of water passing through the cumulative sampler system, and a sampler cell configured to receive water from the intake, the sampler cell comprising a media configured to adsorb the water contaminant.

Abstract: The present invention relates to concentrating disease causing agents, such as foodborne pathogens, from complex media to expedite their detection. In particular, the present invention relates to a method to pre-concentrate pathogens rapidly, thereby enabling earlier detection times. Primarily, the present invention utilizes an approach that can concentrate the pathogens by flowing a sample through immuno-capturing tubes (“entrapment chamber” or “chamber”) during an early pre-enrichment period. Also, the invention relates to using binding materials to trap disease causing agent that is desired to be removed from the complex media such as the blood of a patient. It also related to using lights of specific wavelength to inactivate pathogens. The light is used to activate reactive oxygen species using a photo-sensitizer or directly kill the pathogen using light of wavelength between 100 nm and 450 nm.

Abstract: A board testing apparatus and method and in particular a testing apparatus for testing a board made of a corrugated material, such as corrugated cardboard, for failure characteristics. The method comprises taking a corrugated board from a corrugator or converter, locating at least a part of the board into a testing machine, performing a non-destructive compression test on a sample region of the part of the board within the machine and providing a compression test characteristic reading of that region of the board, comparing that characteristic reading against a predefined acceptable compression test characteristic reading that design of corrugated board should have and concluding from the comparison as to whether the board, or that sample region of the board, meets a required compression stiffness parameter.

Abstract: A cell grabber has a unitary structure including a transparent grabber head at a terminus thereof and an elongated mounting portion extending therefrom for attachment to a force transducer. The grabber head has a planar or concave bonding surface which is coated with an adhesive film to secure the specimen, especially single cells, for tensile measurements. The cell grabber may be used in connection with auxotonic, isometric or isotonic force measurement systems.

Abstract: A method for automated parameter and selection testing based on known characteristics of the sample being tested. The method may utilize a software interface that proposes testing parameters based on the characteristics of the sample. The software interface may first guide the client through a series of questions or prompts, specifying the sample under test and may inquire information such as: the type of material, thickness, type of coating, and roughness level. The user may then decide what type of test to perform and the type of indenter from the list prescribed by executable instructions. In various embodiments, the method may, based on the indenter chosen, include a preliminary test to evaluate the depth versus load measurements or maximum load, so that the parameters may be adjusted for the primary test.

Abstract: A vibrating element type process meter is disclosed, to measure slurry mass flow rate, density and viscosity, and the mass and volume fraction of particles in a slurry. An example may implement a vibrating element type sensor to measure the apparent mass flow rate and density and viscosity of a slurry, and by using slurry particle properties including particle size and shape and density, the true mass flow rate and slurry density may be determined. An algorithm may be applied to compensate the apparent mass flow rate and density by using the measured slurry viscosity and particle property data to derive a true slurry density.

Abstract: An analysis technique for determining complex qualitative and quantitative contributions to the viscoelastic properties of a film in contact with or in close proximity to a surface. Based on an assumption that the viscosity of the surface of a fluid film that is opposite to a surface at which the film interacts with the surface changes negligibly, the invention derives representative parameters for the mass and elasticity of the film as a whole as well as a qualitative parameter that is representative of a typical single particle within the film. These representative parameters can be used to classify the film, and in the case of blood or other bodily fluids, can be used to identify pathological conditions. The invention is applicable to all types of liquids that physically interact with a surface, e.g. by exhibiting a coupling effect, adhesion or the like.

Abstract: A wedge floatation device includes a bottom section and a sidewall positioned around a perimeter of the bottom section to contain a liquid within the wedge floatation device. The bottom section includes an outer portion and a plateau portion centrally positioned in the bottom section. The plateau portion is raised to a height above the outer portion and below a top edge of the sidewall. The plateau portion includes a groove that is substantially concentric with an outer perimeter of the plateau portion. The groove is designed to dampen the velocity of a liquid directed from the outer perimeter of the plateau portion to a center of the plateau portion. The bottom section further includes a transition portion extending between the outer portion and the plateau portion. The transition portion surrounds the outer perimeter of the plateau portion. The outer portion surrounds a perimeter of the transition portion.

Abstract: A wind tunnel and method of use thereof. The wind tunnel has an airflow system which is capable of delivering air vertically down through, and optionally horizontally across, a spray chamber having transparent sidewalls, wherein spray particulates produced in the spray chamber can be analyzed through the transparent sidewalls, preferably by use of a laser. The dimensions of the spray chamber are preferably greater than that of the airflow system. The use of the wind tunnel enables a wider range and more accurate spray particle measurements, especially for an agrochemical composition, to be made in a single test environment.

Abstract: The present description relates to a hybrid environment sensor configured to measure a concentration of a particulate matter and gas element and concentration. More particularly, a hybrid environment sensor that can reduce the size of the entire environment sensor and substantially reduce the total power consumption through arranging a gas sensor configured to measure gas element and concentration included in the air in a housing unit that measures concentration of the particulate matter.

Abstract: A particulate matter detection element for detecting particulate matter in a gas to be measured includes flat-shaped conductor layers, flat-shaped insulating layers, a laminated structure in which the conductor layers and the insulating layers are alternately laminated, and a detecting unit having the conductor layers of different polarities as a pair of detection electrodes on a cross section of the laminated structure. The conductor layers each have a constant thickness, and include conductor layer planar portions having a stripped-pattern cross section, and tapered conductor layer end edge portions each having a triangular cross section, provided on both sides of the respective conductor layer planar portions.

Abstract: Methods are provided for measuring the permeability and/or porosity of a rock sample having an “ultra-low” permeability while accounting for adsorption. The rock sample may be a sample obtained from a geological formation. The methods account for adsoption of gas within the rock samples.

Abstract: A microfluidic sensing device comprises a channel and an impedance sensor within the channel. The impedance sensor comprises a local ground and an electrode within the channel. The local ground and the electrode are to form an electric field region that is elongated along the channel.

Abstract: A device, including a non-radioactive detection source, configured to detect airborne particulates and/or gases in an environment by applying a voltage bias to the non-radioactive detection source to create at least one detecting condition, and determining if airborne particulates are present within the at least one detection condition. A method of creating a detecting condition for airborne particulates and/or gases in an environment, the method including the steps of coupling a pair of electrical conductors to a nanocellular material, and applying a voltage bias to the pair of electrical conductors.

Abstract: A system configured for detection of corrosion of a metal substrate is disclosed. The article includes a first layer disposed over the metal substrate comprising a first electrically conductive polymer, and a first electrical conductivity sensor in sensing contact with the first layer.

Abstract: Methods and systems are presented to reduce the illumination spot size projected onto a measurement target and associated spillover onto area surrounding a measurement target. In one aspect, a spatial light modulator (SLM) is located in the illumination path between the illumination light source and the measurement sample. The SLM is configured to modulate amplitude, phase, or both, across the path of the illumination light to reduce wavefront errors. In some embodiments, the desired state of the SLM is based on wavefront measurements performed in an optical path of the metrology system. In another aspect, an illumination aperture having an image plane tilted at an oblique angle with respect to a beam of illumination light is employed to overcome defocusing effects in metrology systems that employ oblique illumination of the measurement sample. In some embodiments, the illumination aperture, objective lens, and specimen are aligned to satisfy the Scheimpflug condition.

Abstract: A fluid sensor that includes fluid sensitive interferometric nanostructure layers configured into an open-air resonant structure. Another fluid sensor also includes a polarization sensitive photodetector configured to detect optical contributions of different components of a fluid to the structure. A photonic sensor system includes: a photodetector; a signal processor coupled to the photodetector; and a sensor structure configured to provide fluid-response selectivity, spatially distribute light, and to receive light from a light source and convey light to the photodetector. A method of selective measurement of components in fluid in a process area includes: exposing a sensing structure to the fluid; interrogating the sensing structure with light from outside the process area; measuring a change in optical properties of the sensing structure; correlating the measured change to a stored value; and providing quantitative values of levels of the components in the fluid.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device tier determining a concentration of a chemical substance dissolved in a liquid, which chemical substance absorbs light (10) of an absorption wavelength, wherein the device comprises: at least one flow-through chamber (2) having at least one inlet opening (4), at least one outlet opening (6), and at least one peripheral wall (24); at least one laser (8) for emitting light (10) of the absorption wavelength; and at least one detector (18) for detecting the emitted light (10); wherein the laser (8) and the detector (18) are arranged in such a way that the light (10) emitted by the laser (8) is conducted through the flow-through chamber (2) along at least two different paths before said light hits the detector (18), and wherein the device has two lasers (8) which emit light of different wavelengths. The invention further relates to a method for producing a flow-through chamber for such a device.

Abstract: A method for producing an integrated micromechanical fluid sensor component includes forming a first wafer with a first Bragg reflector and with a light-emitting device on a first substrate. The light-emitting device is configured to emit light rays in an emission direction from a surface of the light-emitting device facing away from the first Bragg reflector. The method further includes forming a second wafer with a second Bragg reflector and with a photodiode on a second substrate. The photodiode is arranged on a surface of the second Bragg reflector facing towards the second substrate. The method also includes bonding or gluing the first wafer to the second wafer such that there is formed a cavity into which a fluid is introduced and through which the light rays can pass. The method further includes separating the fluid sensor component from the first and the second wafer.

Abstract: To provide a method for estimating a concentration of carboxylic acid gas, which is capable of measuring safely the concentration of carboxylic acid gas such as formic acid gas or the like in a chamber of a soldering apparatus in real time, and a soldering apparatus capable of estimating the concentration of the carboxylic acid gas in the chamber. The method includes the steps of measuring a surface temperature of a same object placed in the chamber at a same point in time by using a thermometer (first thermometer) for measuring a temperature without any influence of infrared absorption by carboxylic acid, and a radiation thermometer (second thermometer) for measuring a temperature by infrared in a wavelength region that the carboxylic acid absorbs, and estimating the concentration of the carboxylic acid gas in the chamber on the basis of a temperature difference (?Tx) between temperatures indicated by the first and second thermometers.

Abstract: A device for non-invasively determining existence of a gas component of interest inside a determination space of a glass unit comprises a laser beam emitting unit comprising a laser source for emitting laser beam towards said measuring space and detecting unit comprising a detector for detecting transmission of said emitted laser beams travelled through said space. The device is configured to measure in a calibration mode locations of at least one reference peak of at least same gas component as to the determined inside the determination space. The emitted laser beam is configured to travel through a calibration space having at least the gas component of interest, and the detecting means is configured essentially to detect or image said beam transmitted through said calibration space.

Abstract: A device for optical detection of analytes in a sample includes at least two optoelectronic components. The optoelectronic components include at least one optical detector configured to receive a photon and at least one optical emitter configured to emit a photon. The at least one optical emitter includes at least three optical emitters disposed in a flat, non-linear arrangement, and the at least one optical detector includes at least three optical detectors disposed in a flat, non-linear arrangement. The at least three optical emitters and the at least three optical detectors include at least three different wavelength characteristics.

Abstract: A sensing fiber adapted to transmit a sensing light along a path and sense an object is provided. The fiber includes a core, a plurality of photonic crystal structures surrounding the core, a sensing surface and a metal sensing layer. The core is located at the center of the fiber. The photonic crystal structures extend along the path. The sensing surface extends along part of the path and adjacent to the core, and the metal sensing layer having a plurality of metal grating structure is disposed on the sensing surface. When the fiber is sensing the object, the metal sensing layer is located between the sensing surface and the object, and part of the sensing light will be converted into a signal light by the object on the metal sensor layer. A sensing device is also provided.

Abstract: Arrays of integrated analytical devices and their methods for production are provided. The arrays are useful in the analysis of highly multiplexed optical reactions in large numbers at high densities, including biochemical reactions, such as nucleic acid sequencing reactions. The integrated devices allow the highly sensitive discrimination of optical signals using features such as spectra, amplitude, and time resolution, or combinations thereof. The arrays and methods of the invention make use of silicon chip fabrication and manufacturing techniques developed for the electronics industry and highly suited for miniaturization and high throughput.

Abstract: This invention discloses a compact laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) apparatus suitable for field operations. The LIBS apparatus comprises a Q-switched laser with laser pulse energy between several tens and several thousands of micro joules (?J), which is significantly lower than that of traditional LIBS lasers. The spectrograph of the LIBS apparatus employs a dual CCD (charge coupled device) design, which maintains compact size and in the meantime offers large spectral coverage and high spectral resolution.

Abstract: The quantitative analysis method for analyzing the composition of materials of the invention is based on a functional relationship (curve C?) between line intensity and the concentration of the element in the material.

Abstract: Analysis kit for identification of drugs, consisting of a shell-shaped upper part (2), which is connected to a shell-shaped lower part (3) at one side, so that it is pivotable by means of a film hinge (5), at least two separate holding chambers (26-28) suitable for holding a test fluid container (50) containing a test fluid are arranged in the lower part, wherein the respective test fluid container (50) is connected to a sample chamber (40), which holds the drug (56) to be tested, by flow channels (33-35) in a fluid-conducting manner.

Abstract: Provided is an immunochromatographic analysis method, which does not require expert knowledge of a specific device or analysis and also does not involve complicated operations by individually causing a first substance to be detected, which is to be determined to be positive or negative, and a second substance to be detected, which is used as a standard for making a positive or negative determination by ascertaining the ratio of the second substance to be detected to the first substance to be detected, to develop color by an immune reaction, and setting the concentration at which the strengths of the developed color signals of the two substances to be detected are the same as a boundary for the determination of the first substance to be detected.

Abstract: A sensor platform for analyzing an analyte with a predetermined reagent is presented. The sensor platform has a housing defining an interior chamber configured to hold the analyte. A porous tube defining an inner lumen extends through the chamber. The porous tube absorbs the analyte at a predetermined rate. A sensor is coupled to an end of the porous tube and is configured to sense changes in the material positioned in the inner lumen of the tube as the reagent reacts with the absorbed analyte.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of inspecting containers (3) moving between a linear camera and a light source (7) presenting continuous variation of light intensity with a periodic pattern (71) along at least one variation direction (D). According to the invention: for each movement increment of the container, a sequence of N successive image lines of the container is acquired cyclically so that for each image line: the container (3) is illuminated by the light source (7); the image line of the container is acquired; and the periodic pattern (71) is shifted for the next line along the variation direction (D); for each increment of the container (3), at least one phase image line is calculated; and the phase image lines (LP(k)) are analyzed.

Abstract: One or more techniques and/or systems are provided for waste object detection. For example, a waste alert component is configured to emit ultraviolet light towards a waste detection zone, such as a bathroom floor or countertop. If a waste object, such as a paper towel or other object with a fluoresce property, exists within the waste detection zone, then the waste alert component may detect an increase in light due to the waste object fluorescing visible light in response to the ultraviolet light. If the increase in light intensity exceeds a detection threshold, then the waste alert component may provide a waste detection alert that the waste object exists within the waste detection zone (e.g., a message may be sent to a housekeeper that paper towel waste in on the bathroom countertop).

Abstract: Pixel aperture size adjustment in a linear sensor is achieved by applying more negative control voltages to central regions of the pixel's resistive control gate, and applying more positive control voltages to the gate's end portions. These control voltages cause the resistive control gate to generate an electric field that drives photoelectrons generated in a selected portion of the pixel's light sensitive region into a charge accumulation region for subsequent measurement, and drives photoelectrons generated in other portions of the pixel's light sensitive region away from the charge accumulation region for subsequent discard or simultaneous readout. A system utilizes optics to direct light received at different angles or locations from a sample into corresponding different portions of each pixel's light sensitive region.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are provided for finding indications of at least one of a water fraction, a hydrocarbon fraction, water conductivity, and water salinity of a fluid. The fluid is within a flow line that extends through a resonator. The flow line is subjected to microwaves at multiple microwave frequencies injected into the resonator, with electric field lines parallel to the fluid flow line. A power detector is used at an output of the resonator, and a peak power and associated resonance frequency are used to find the indication(s) which may be plotted and displayed. In one embodiment, the resonator is a dual loop-gap resonator, and the microwave frequencies are generated by a microwave sweeper source at approximately 1 GHz.

Abstract: A method of CT scanning a plurality of aerofoil blades. The method includes the steps of: providing a rotatable support arranged for rotation about an axis of rotation and within an energy beam; mounting a plurality of aerofoil blades to the support in spaced-apart relationship to one another so as to form at least one array around the axis of rotation; and rotating the support about the axis within the beam. Each blade has an aerofoil section and is mounted to the support such that the span of its aerofoil section is substantially parallel to the axis of rotation, and the blades are arranged such that no line orthogonal to the axis of rotation intersects the aerofoil section of more than one blade.

Abstract: A method of CT scanning a plurality of aerofoil blades that includes providing a rotatable support arranged for rotation about an axis of rotation and within an energy beam; mounting a plurality of aerofoil blades to the support in spaced-apart relationship to one another to form at least one array around the axis of rotation; and rotating the support about the axis within the beam. Each blade has an aerofoil section and is mounted to the support. The method also provides an elongate identification element on the rotatable support, the identification element being arranged such that its longitudinal axis is parallel to the axis of rotation and having a transverse cross-sectional shape along at least part of its. Each edge feature corresponds to and is directed towards a respective said blade to thereby facilitate identification of individual the blades in a CT output obtained via the method.

Abstract: A method for determining a wettability of a subterranean formation (or formation core) includes either deploying a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) logging tool in a subterranean wellbore or deploying a formation core sample in a laboratory based NMR tool. NMR measurements of the formation (or formation core) are obtained and used to compute the wettability. The NMR measurements are processed to generate a two dimensional diffusion relaxation map (a D/T2 map) which is in turn processed to compute the wettability.

Abstract: A tool having a pump-out unit, pumping unit, and NMR unit is disposed in a wellbore. On a pump-up cycle, after removing borehole fluids, a fluid is injected into a region of investigation. NMR measurements are made while fluid migrates into the region of investigation. On a production cycle, pressure is removed, allowing fluid to exit the formation while NMR measurements are made. A rate of fluid production is estimated using the time-dependent NMR measurements. Alternatively, the mass of a sample is measured. Fluid is injected into the sample and the mass of the injected sample is measured. Pressure is removed and the mass of the injected sample as the fluid migrates out of the sample is measured. The change in mass of the injected sample as the fluid migrates out of the sample is determined and a rate of fluid production is estimated using the determined change in mass.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to medical fluid sensors and related systems and methods. In some aspects, a medical fluid cartridge includes a body including a first portion defining a first fluid passageway and a second portion defining a second fluid passageway in fluid communication with the first fluid passageway. The body defines a gap between the first portion of the body and the second portion of the body such that the first portion of the body can be disposed in a radio frequency device while the second portion of the body remains outside the radio frequency device.