Abstract: The disclosure herein provides a golf GPS device with a hole cup location selection mechanism which displays a plurality of selectable hole cup locations for selection by a user. When the user selects one of the plurality of selectable hole cup locations, the golf GPS device provides the user with a number representative of the distance between the user and the selected one of the plurality of selectable hole cup locations.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus to provide assistance data for satellite navigation in a wireless communication device are disclosed. Processing circuitry in the wireless communication device determines whether to obtain assistance data for navigation based on a set of criteria. The set of criteria include one or more of a property of a geographic region in which the wireless communication device operates, a satellite signal quality estimate measured by the wireless communication device, and a user setting of the wireless communication device. When the set of criteria indicates that assistance data for navigation is beneficial for satellite navigation in the wireless communication device, the processing circuitry obtains one or more sets of assistance data. The processing circuitry configures operation of the wireless communication device for navigation based at least in part on the one or more sets of assistance data obtained.

Abstract: Implementations relate to systems and methods for location assistance using devices (104) in a personal area network (PAN). In one scenario, a user may use two separate location-enabled devices, such as a wearable personal device (102) and a cellular telephone device (104). In cases, one of those devices may have reached a higher or farther-developed state in terms of generating or storing location information (108) for the user's current position, as compared to the opposite device. This can take place, for instance, when the first (e.g. wearable) device (102) is first turned on. The two devices use platforms and techniques to exchange location information and carry out GPS or other operations to furnish the device that is lagging in position processing progress with assistance which will speed up or otherwise enhance the position fix for that device.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a radiation detection device includes a chassis, a radiation detection panel, a support plate and a circuit board. The chassis includes an incident face cover and a side face portion covering a side face perpendicular to the incident face cover. The radiation detection panel is housed inside the chassis and is configured to detect radiation incident through the incident face cover. The support plate is housed inside the chassis and is fixed to the side face portion to support the radiation detection panel on a rear face on an opposite side to an incident face of the radiation. The circuit board is housed inside the chassis and is disposed on an opposite side to the radiation detection panel of the support plate. At least a part of a drive circuit configured to drive the radiation detection panel is mounted on the circuit board.

Abstract: A detector arrangement for detecting at least one of rays, ions and particles includes a plurality of detectors. Each detector has a respective anode output and the detectors are arranged with the respective anode outputs being in an electrical series. The arrangement includes a plurality of resistive elements interspersed in the electrical series. The arrangement includes a first measurement point at a first end of the electrical series and a second measurement point at a second end of the electrical series. The arrangement includes electrical circuitry, electrically connected to the first and second measurement points for receiving electrical signals/pulses from the first and second measurement points, and for using the electrical signals/pulses from the first and second measurement points to determine which of the plurality of detectors has detected the at least one of rays, ions and particles.

Abstract: An imaging system (100) includes a radiation source (108) that emits radiation that traverses an examination region, a paralyzable photon counting detector pixel (110) that detects photons traversing the examination region and arriving at an input photon rate and that generates a signal indicative thereof, high flux electronics (122) that produce a total time over threshold value each integration period based on the signal, a reconstruction parameter identifier (124) that estimates the input photon rate based on the total time over threshold value and identifies a reconstruction parameter based on the estimate, and a reconstructor (130) that reconstructs the signal based on the identified reconstruction parameter.

Abstract: An X-ray detecting apparatus for the detection and localization of ionizing X-ray or gamma radiation in radiography, the apparatus comprising: an X-ray detector including: conversion means for converting incident x-ray photons of an incident x-ray photon beam into detectable electrical charges; and amplification means for amplifying the electrical charges in the detector by an non-linear amplification gain factor the non-linear amplification gain being characterized by a decrease in amplification gain at high fluxes of incident x-ray photons; and amplification gain adjustment means configured to vary the amplification gain of the amplification means according to the emission parameters of an x-ray source providing the incident x-ray photon beam for the radio-graphic examination to be performed and/or the transmitted beam received by the detector from the x-ray source via the subject being imaged. A radiographic imaging device and a method of operating the radiographic imaging device are also presented.

Abstract: Provided is a radiation detector that prevents a decline in detection efficiency as well as having excellent temporal characteristics. The radiation detector 1, which detects a radiation, includes a scintillator array 10 having a plurality of scintillator cells 11, a photodetector array 20 having a plurality of photodetectors 21, and a photodetector array 30 having a plurality of photodetectors 31. The plurality of photodetectors 21 and the plurality of photodetectors 31 are solid-state photodetectors that can transmit a gamma ray G1, G2. The scintillator cell 11 is separated into a plurality of light emitting regions 11a, 11b by a reflecting region 12, and the reflecting region 12 extends between the incident surface 10a side and the back surface 10b side along a surface SP that is inclined with respect to the incident surface 10a and the back surface 10b.

Abstract: In a scintillator panel, a glass substrate with the thickness of not more than 150 ?m serves as a support body, thereby achieving excellent radiotransparency and flexibility and also relieving a problem of thermal expansion coefficient. Furthermore, in this scintillator panel, an organic resin layer is formed so as to cover a one face side and a side face side of the glass substrate and an organic resin layer is formed so as to cover an other face side and the side face side of the glass substrate on which the organic resin layer is formed. This effectively prevents the edge part from chipping or cracking. Furthermore, stray light can be effectively prevented from entering the side face of the glass substrate and, the entire surface thereof is covered by the organic resin layers, so that warping of the glass substrate can be suppressed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a radiation detector (100) and an associated method for the detection of (e.g. X or ?-) radiation. The detector (100) comprises a converter element (110) in which incident photons (X) are converted into electrical signals, and an array of anodes (130) for generating an electrical field (E) in the converter element (110). At least two anodes are associated with two steering electrodes (140) to which different potentials can be applied by a control unit (150). Preferably, each single anode or small group of anodes is surrounded by one steering electrode. The potentials of the steering electrodes (140) may be set as a function of the potentials that are induced in these electrodes when an operating voltage is applied between the anodes and a cathode (120). Moreover, a grid electrode (160) may be provided that at least partially encircles anodes (130) and their steering electrodes (140).

Abstract: A voltage reset method may include: acquiring a voltage that is changed with time by using an input photon; determining a timing for resetting the acquired voltage by using time information in a period where the acquired voltage increases; and/or resetting the acquired voltage on a basis of the determined voltage reset timing. A voltage reset apparatus may include: an acquisition unit configured to acquire a voltage that is changed with time by using an input photon; a determination unit configured to determine a timing for resetting the acquired voltage by using time information in a period where the acquired voltage increases; and/or a reset unit configured to reset the acquired voltage on a basis of the determined voltage reset timing.

Abstract: An organic x-ray detector is presented. The organic x-ray detector includes a layered structure. The layered structure includes a thin-film transistor (TFT) array disposed on a substrate, an organic photodiode disposed on the TFT array, and a scintillator layer disposed on the organic photodiode. The organic x-ray detector includes an encapsulation cover at least partially encapsulating the layered structure. The organic x-ray detector further includes at least one of a moisture getter layer and an oxygen getter layer disposed proximate to the organic photodiode, and in the path of an x-ray radiation incident on the layered structure. X-ray system including the organic x-ray detector is also presented.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a pixilated direct conversion photon counting detector with a direct conversion material layer and a pixilated electrode. Individual electrode pixels are segmented into three segments (510, 520, 530), wherein one of the segments (520) is operated at a more electrically repellant value than that of the other two (510, 530). Said other two segments are connected to electric circuitry (610, 611, 620, 630) that is arranged to generate signals which are indicative of a count of electrons or holes that approach each of the respective electrode pixel segments and to subtract the generated signals from each other.

Abstract: A medical nuclear imaging system (10) and corresponding method (100) are provided. A plurality of pixels (20, 24) detect radiation events and estimate the energy of the detected radiation events. A memory (58) stores a plurality of energy windows (44), the energy windows corresponding to the pixels. An event verification module (56) windows the radiation event with the energy windows corresponding to the detecting pixels. A reconstruction processor (60) reconstructs the windowed radiation events into an image representation.

Abstract: Disclosed is a radiation image capturing apparatus including the following. A sensor panel includes a plurality of radiation detecting elements aligned two-dimensionally. A case stores the sensor panel. A ventilation hole is provided in the case. A ventilation filter is provided in the ventilation hole and prevents infiltration of liquid into the case. Air flows in and out of the case through the ventilation hole and a thickness of the case is maintained at a predetermined thickness when outside pressure changes.

Abstract: A calibration source for a gamma-ray spectrometer is provided, comprising a scintillator body having a cavity in which a radioactive material is received. A scintillator body may be cuboid and the cavity may be a hole drilled into the scintillator body. The radioactive material comprises an isotope having a decay transition associated with emission of a radiation particle and a gamma-ray of known energy. A photodetector is optically coupled to the scintillator body and arranged to detect scintillation photons generated when radiation particles emitted from the radioactive material interact with the surrounding scintillator. A gating circuit is arranged to receive detection signals to generate corresponding gating signals for a data acquisition circuit of an associated gamma-ray spectrometer to indicate that gamma-ray detections in the gamma-ray spectrometer occurring within a time window defined by the gating signal are associated with a decay transition in the radioactive isotope.

Abstract: A sweep generator is employed to generate a sweep to be used by a seismic vibrator device for generating a desired target output spectrum, wherein the frequency sweep is designed so as to comply with one or more constraints imposed by the seismic vibrator device and/or imposed by the environment in which the device is to be used. In one embodiment, a sweep generator determines a sweep for achieving a desired target output spectrum by a given seismic vibrator device in compliance with at least a pump flow constraint imposed by the seismic vibrator device. In another embodiment, a sweep generator determines a sweep for achieving a desired target output spectrum by a given seismic vibrator device in compliance with all of multiple operational constraints of the seismic vibrator device, such as both mass displacement and pump flow constraints. Environmental constraints may also be accounted for in certain embodiments.

Abstract: A marine vibratory sound source for producing swept or pulse coded signals in a body of water and within geological structures beneath a body of water, primarily for seismic exploration of the strata beneath the bottom of the water. More particularly, a high power, servo controlled hydraulic, sound source that delivers fluid alternatively to first and second actuator pistons to move the actuator pistons to a forward and an aft position thereby axially vibrating a piston shaft having cone-shaped pistons for vibrationally moving water out and in through a plurality of ports for propagating vibratory sound. The sound source having a position sensor to determine a center point of travel and by tracking the position sensor air pressure in hollow stationary cone-shaped bulkheads is modulated to maintain the travel of the cone-shaped pistons at an equal distance in the fore and aft directions from the determined center point.

Abstract: Method, source array and source element that generate seismic waves. The source element includes an enclosure having an opening covered by a piston; a local supply accumulator fluidly communicating with an interior of the enclosure, a pressure of the fluid inside the local supply accumulator being larger than a pressure of the fluid inside the enclosure; a local supply valve located between the local supply accumulator and the enclosure and configured to control a flow of the fluid from the local supply accumulator to the interior of the enclosure; and a controller configured to control the local supply valve such that the pressure inside the enclosure does not fall below a first preset value based upon an ambient pressure of the enclosure while seismic waves are generated.

Abstract: Computing device, computer instructions and method for processing input seismic data d. The method includes a step of receiving the input seismic data d recorded in a first domain by seismic receivers that travel in water, the input seismic data d including up-going and down-going wave-fields; a step of generating a model p in a second domain to describe the input seismic data d; and a step of processing with a processor the model p to obtain an output seismic dataset indicative of the down-going wave-field and substantially free of the up-going wave-field.

Abstract: A skeg mounts from the stern of a towing vessel and extends below the waterline. A channel in the skeg protects cables for steamers and a source (e.g., air gun array) of a seismic system deployed from the vessel. Tow points on the skeg lie below the water's surface and connect to towlines to support the steamers and the source. A floatation device supports the source and tows below the water's surface to avoid ice floes or other issues encountered at the water's surface. The floatation device has a depth controlled float and one or more adjustable buoyancy floats. The controlled float has its buoyancy controlled with pressurized gas used for the air gun source and actively controls the depth of air gun source in the water. Each of the adjustable float connects in line with the controlled float with flexible connections. Each adjustable float has its buoyancy preconfigured to counterbalance the weight in water of the air gun or portion of the source that the float supports.

Abstract: Direct arrivals from walkaway vertical seismic profiling or VSP survey data are used to derive Green's functions representing the seismic wave amplitude and travel time information required to extrapolate the vertical seismic profiling survey data from individual wellbore receivers to the individual source locations. The derived Green's functions are employed in a convolution process with upcoming primary wavefields from the VSP survey data for other surface locations. The derived Green's functions are also used in a correlation process with downgoing wavefields from the VSP survey data to extend lateral coverage of the VSP image. The sets of VSP-CMP gathers so formed are then processed to obtain information about the subsurface formations.

Abstract: The invention relates to a sensor module (10) for measuring an electrical variable, comprising at least one electrode (12, 13), which is arranged in a housing (58) made of an electrically insulating material and which can be connected to an electrical measuring device by means of a connecting cable, wherein the electrode has a sensor element, which is arranged between an inner and an outer contact plate (26,27) made of a carbon material and which is coupled to the connecting cable, wherein an outer contact plate (27) of the electrode is arranged in an outer face of the housing.

Abstract: Methods and systems for failure point diagnostics in cable telemetry at a wellsite. The methods involve providing a system includes a cable operatively coupling between a surface modem and a downhole modem that is operatively coupled to a downhole toolstring of one or more downhole tools via a toolbus. The methods further involve generating a plurality of test signals, sequentially applying the test signals across one or more test loops in the cable telemetry system, and generating a failure point alert when at least one of the test signals fails in at least one of the test loops. The failure point alert identifies which component of the cable telemetry system caused the test signal to fail.

Abstract: Among other things, computed tomography (CT) systems and/or techniques for generating projections images of an object(s) under examination via a CT system are provided. A surface about which the projection image is focused is defined and data yielded from vertical rays of radiation intersecting the surface and data yielded from non-vertical rays intersecting the surface are used to generate the projection image. In some embodiments, the projection image is assembled from one or more projection lines, which are respectively associated with a line-path contacting the surface and extend in a direction parallel to an axis of rotation for a radiation source. A projection line is indicative of a degree of attenuation experienced by rays intersecting a line-path associated with the projection line and emitted while the radiation source was at a particular segment of a radiation source trajectory.

Abstract: A method for characterizing one or more properties of a geological formation including brine, the method including inputting at least one first property of the geological formation into an equation of state (EOS) model, the EOS model accounting for a high temperature effect on the brine; solving the EOS model to determine at least one second property of the geological formation; and outputting the at least one second property to a display device.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for determining the localized presence of severe weather and signaling an alarm. An outdoor sensor assembly may contain a number of sensors including a barometric pressure sensor, temperature sensor, and humidity sensor. The outdoor sensor assembly is in electrical communication with an indoor controller assembly. A plurality of parameters may be measured and compared with pre-established threshold values. The alarm may be signaled when the measured parameters meet or exceed the selected threshold values.

Abstract: A mobile device comprising a pressure sensor for collecting pressure data, a position-determining subsystem for generating location data including altitude data, and a processor operatively coupled to a memory to generate an atmospheric model based on the pressure data and the location data. In one implementation, the processor is configured to determine an Above Mean Sea Level (AMSL) altitude using a position-determining subsystem, determine a pressure altitude using the pressure sensor, calculate a difference between the pressure altitude and the AMSL altitude, and calculate a temperature at sea level based on the AMSL altitude and pressure altitude. In one implementation, the processor performs a linear regression on an equation AMSL altitude=offset+ScaleFactor*PressureAltitude to solve for the offset and the ScaleFactor, and then estimates the temperature at sea level as 1-ScaleFactor=(T?15)/3. The model may be used to estimate ambient air temperature or weather conditions.

Abstract: Disclosed are a photosensitive resin composition including (A) an acrylic-based binder resin; (B) a photopolymerizable monomer; (C) a photopolymerization initiator; (D) a colorant including a dye represented by the following Chemical Formula 1, wherein in Chemical Formula 1, each substituent is the same as defined in the detailed description; and (E) a solvent, and a color filter using the same.

Abstract: An optical element having an anti-reflection function includes a base having a main surface, and a plurality of projecting or recessed structures arranged on the main surface of the base at a fine pitch equal to or less than the wavelength of visible light, wherein the main surface of the base, the main surface having the structures thereon, has hydrophilicity, and a contact angle of the main surface of the base, the main surface having the structures thereon, to pure water is 30° or less.

Abstract: The disclosure provides for writing or introducing waveguide-like structures in transparent polycrystalline ceramics using femtosecond laser pulses. The disclosure further provides for tuning the demarcation of the waveguide-like structures by varying the number of incident pulses per unit area.

Abstract: An image capturing apparatus includes: an imaging element; a main lens that condenses light from a subject toward the imaging element; a micro lens array that is configured by a plurality kinds of micro lenses with different focal lengths that is disposed between the imaging element and the main lens and causes light transmitted through the main lens to form an image on the imaging element; and a CPU that, in response to receiving a designation of a distance to a side of a subject that is photographed, performs weighting for each image that is imaged by the plurality kinds of micro lenses of the imaging element based on the distance so as to constitute one captured image.

Abstract: An optical sheet used as a component for a touch panel or a display element of a display device is capable of imparting a variety of characteristics such as anti-glare properties and preventing the scintillation of image light in ultrahigh-definition display elements having a pixel density of 300 ppi or more. The optical sheet has an uneven shape on a surface, and the uneven shape satisfies at least one of three disclosed conditions relating to the inclination angles of the uneven portions of the sheet and the distribution curves of the inclination angles.

Abstract: In the technical field of display, a color filter substrate and a curved display device, which can solve the technical problem of low aperture ratio of the existing curved display device, are provided. The color substrate comprises a plurality of sub pixel regions arranged as an array, and black matrixes for separating the sub pixel regions from each other. Measured along a transverse direction, the transverse width of each of all or some of the black matrixes located in the regions at both sides of the color filter substrate is smaller than that of each of the black matrixes located in the region at the center of the color filter substrate. The present disclosure can be applied to curved display device, such as liquid crystal television and curved liquid crystal display device.

Abstract: The embodiments of the present invention disclose a color filter substrate, a method for fabricating the same, a display panel and a display device, and relate to the field of display technology, for preventing the occurrence of a color mixture phenomenon of the display device while ensuring that the display device has high aperture ratio and resolution. The color filter substrate comprises a color filter layer which comprises color filter units with at least two colors and distributed in the form of a matrix, and a black matrix is arranged between two adjacent color filter units; the color filter substrate further comprises: light-shielding bulges located at a part of the area of the black matrix and facing towards an incident light direction, for preventing the occurrence of the color mixture among the color filter units with different colors.

Abstract: A color filter array includes first pixels, second pixels, third pixels, and fourth pixels. The first pixels transmit light with visible and infrared (IR) wavelengths. The second pixels transmit light with the visible wavelengths and surround each of the first pixels. The third pixels transmit light with a first range of wavelengths among the visible wavelengths. The fourth pixels transmit light with a second range of wavelengths among the visible wavelengths.

Abstract: A colored mirror includes a transparent substrate and a reflective layer, including a coloring layer between the substrate and the reflective layer, the coloring layer including a matrix and a colorant. Furthermore, a process for preparing a mirror including a transparent substrate and a reflective layer, a coloring layer between the substrate and the reflective layer, the coloring layer including a matrix and a colorant, includes the production of the coloring layer on the substrate then the deposition of the reflective layer on the coloring layer.

Abstract: A polarization film including a polarizer polarizing incident light in a polarization direction and having a first polarization groove recessed from an upper surface of the polarizer and extending in a first direction; a first transparent support at the upper surface of the polarizer; and a second transparent support at a lower surface of the polarizer.

Abstract: An apparatus for simultaneously measuring linear and circular polarization components of light is provided, and contains no moving parts. The apparatus may include a prism assembly configured to receive collimated light and splits the light into different directions according to its polarization state. The apparatus may also include lenses configured to collimate light from an image plane to be analyzed by the prism assembly, or direct the light that is split by the prism assembly to different detectors or locations on an image plane.

Abstract: The retardation film has a slow axis with an angle of 10 to 80° with respect to a longitudinal direction thereof and contains cellulose acylate having a degree of acyl substitution of 2.0 to 2.7 and a regulating agent. The retardation film has an in-plane retardation, measured at a wavelength of 550 nm, Ro550, of 115 to 260 nm. The retardation film has a ?Ro is 3 to 30 nm, where ?Ro is Ro550?Ro450, where Ro450 is the in-plane retardation of the film measured at a wavelength of 450 nm. The retardation film without the regulating agent has an in plane retardation, measured at a wavelength of 550 nm, Rc550, and ?Rc(Rc550?Rc450) equal to or greater than 0, where Rc450 is the in-plane retardation measured a wavelength of 450 nm.

Abstract: A layered phase difference film including, in the following order: a resin layer A1 formed of a resin A1 having a positive intrinsic birefringence; a resin layer B formed of a resin B having a negative intrinsic birefringence; and a resin layer A2 formed of a resin A2 having a positive intrinsic birefringence, wherein the resin layer A1 and the resin layer B are in direct contact with each other, the resin layer B and the resin layer A2 are in direct contact with each other, the resin layer A1 and the resin layer A2 are negative C-plates, the resin layer B is a positive B-plate, and the layered phase difference film has an Nz coefficient within a range of 0 to 1.

Abstract: The general inventive concepts provide a side-light type backlight unit. The side-light type backlight unit comprises a light guide plate and a light source located at the side of the light incident surface of the light guide plate. The light source comprises a circuit board which comprises a first region opposite to the light incident surface of the light guide plate and a second region adjacent to the first region. The first region and the second region are provided with LED lamps. By arranging LED lamps in both the first region and the second region of the circuit board of the side-light type backlight unit, the incident light of the side-light type backlight unit is increased, thereby improving the luminance of the side-light type backlight unit in 3D state. The disclosure further provides a display device comprising such a side-light type backlight unit.

Abstract: An illumination apparatus includes a light source, and a light guide plate having an emitting surface and a light incident portion including a curved surface, and decreasing in thickness from the light source side towards the emitting surface. The curved surface has an S-shape as viewed from a side, with a convex portion on the light source side and a concave portion on the emitting surface with an inflection point in between, but closer to the emitting surface than to the source side.

Abstract: A display device including a reflective display panel, a plurality of electrical or optical element layers, and at least one light-emitting element is provided. The electrical or optical element layers are stacked above the reflective display panel. One of the electrical or optical element layers is a light guide plate. The light-emitting element is disposed beside the light guide plate. A plurality of transparent medium layers are respectively located between every two adjacent ones of the reflective display panel and the electrical or optical element layers and above the electrical or optical element layer most away from the reflective display panel among the electrical or optical element layers. At least one of the transparent medium layers above the light guide plate is a gas layer.

Abstract: Display backlight structures may provide backlight illumination that passes through display layers in the display. Light-emitting diodes may emit blue light into an edge of a light guide plate. Optical films may overlap the light guide plate. The optical films may include a quantum dot enhancement film. A peripheral strip of yellow reflector or other light control structures may be incorporated into the backlight structures to reduce blue edge effects. The light control structures may have features with a spatially varying density, may be formed from quantum dot enhancement film, or may be formed form other structures. The light control structures may be formed on the surfaces of the optical films, on a reflective layer under the light guide plate, or on a surface of a mold frame or other structure that lies in a plane parallel to the plane of the light guide plate.

Abstract: A backlight unit for a liquid crystal display device is provided to prevent a light guide plate or diffusion plate from deforming or displacing. The backlight unit comprises a light source; a plurality of optical sheets disposed between the light source and a liquid crystal display panel; a light guide plate disposed between the light source and the plurality of optical sheets; a cover bottom disposed below the light guide plate; and a guide holder fixed to edges of the cover bottom to hold a lower surface and sides of the light guide plate at peripheral of the light guide plate, wherein the guide holder includes a base block facing to the lower surface of the light guide plate and at least one side wall extended from the base block to be opposite to a side of the light guide plate.

Abstract: A display apparatus in which a display module in a state of a curved surface is provided. The display apparatus includes: a display panel configured to display an image and which is bendable; a light guide plate which guides light toward the display panel; and a guide unit which guides the light guide plate to be maintained in a state of a curved surface, wherein the guide unit includes a shape of a curved surface in which both ends of the guide unit protrude forward relative to a center portion of the guide unit.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a backlight source and a display apparatus. It relates to the field of display technology and solves the problem of poor display quality of the display apparatus. The backlight source comprises: a light guide plate; a light shielding tape arranged at a peripheral edge of a light emitting face of the light guide plate; a buffer layer arranged on the light shielding tape, wherein the buffer layer is provided with at least one lightening hole and/or at least one marking hole representing product information of the backlight source. The above backlight source may reduce the weight of the buffer layer by providing the lightening hole and/or marking hole on the buffer layer, so as to reduce the pressure of the buffer layer to the light shielding tape. In this way, the deformation in the light shielding tape 1 is reduced so as to improve display quality of the display apparatus.

Abstract: An optical hollow waveguide assembly (1) includes an optical hollow waveguide (2) for guiding illumination light (3). The hollow waveguide (2) has a tubular main body (6) with a continuous waveguide cavity (7). The waveguide cavity has an illumination light inlet (8) and an illumination light outlet (9). A cavity inner wall (10) of the waveguide cavity (7) is configured to be highly reflective for the illumination light (3) under grazing incidence. A gas source (12) has a fluid connection (13) to the waveguide cavity (7). The resulting hollow waveguide assembly exhibits a reduced risk of contamination of the hollow waveguide.

Abstract: In various embodiments, an optical fiber includes a core having a relatively large area selected so as to raise a threshold of stimulated Raman scattering or stimulated Brillouin scattering, or both, the core having a high aspect ratio elongated cross-section and having a first refractive index. The core is narrower in a fast-axis direction and wider in a slow-axis direction, such that the fiber is mechanically flexible in the fast-axis direction and is mechanically rigid in the slow-axis direction.