Abstract: Provided is a mobile terminal. The mobile terminal includes a window, a display disposed on a rear surface of the window to output an image, a terminal body having a front surface on which the window is disposed, and an external cover coupled to an outer surface of the terminal body to protect an outer appearance of the terminal body. The external cover comprises a front cover that covers at least one outer surface of top, bottom, left, and right surfaces of the terminal body and a portion of a front surface of the window. Since the external cover covers a portion of a front surface of the mobile terminal in addition to an outer surface of the mobile terminal, an area for protecting the mobile terminal against an external impact or foreign substances may increase.

Abstract: A cover-leafing leather casing of cellular phone and a smart phone using the same are described. The cover-leafing leather casing of cellular phone comprises a leather cover for buckling to a touch panel of the smart phone. The leather cover is connected to a first magnet of a rear shell body of the smart phone by way of a magnetic induction connecting portion, and the magnetic induction connecting portion comprises a second magnet which is mutually attracted to the first magnet. The present invention employs the cover-leafing leather casing to be easily disassembled and to be conveniently cleaned.

Abstract: A cover is described that is magnetically attached to a tablet device. The cover includes at least as flap. In the described embodiment, the flap includes a plurality of segments. The cover includes a number of magnets formed into a number of magnetic arrangements that provide a number of useful features associated with the cover and the tablet device.

Abstract: An accessory unit for use with an electronic device is described. Accessory unit includes a front flap and a rear cover. The rear cover includes a recessed portion that defines a chamber and a lip portion. The chamber is configured to receive a consumer electronic device, and the lip portion is configured to hold the consumer electronic device therein by an interference fit that exposes substantially all of a display portion of the consumer electronic product. The front flap can include segments formed from panels with folding regions therebetween, which allow the front flap to fold. Further, an end region of the front flap pivotally couples the front flap to the rear cover, such that the front flap may be moved between open and closed configurations. The front may include magnetic elements.

Abstract: A device for reducing communications crosstalk including a plurality of channel inputs each configured to receive an incoming signal from a respective device. The device further includes at least one control input configured such that, when the control input is triggered, the control input activates a voltage divider that attenuates at least one of the incoming signals, thereby reducing crosstalk between a first channel carrying the at least one attenuated incoming signal and a second channel not carrying the at least one attenuated incoming signal. The at least one attenuated incoming signal and the remaining incoming signals are output to a respective receiver.

Abstract: The present embodiments include methods of time-frequency analyzing signals. Some embodiments provide methods of processing signals comprising: adaptively partitioning at least a portion of a signal in a time domain into a plurality of segments of the signal; and transforming each of the segments of the signal producing respective expansions in a frequency domain and obtaining respective samples of the windows of signal in the frequency domain.

Abstract: A microwave backhaul system may comprise a monolithic integrated circuit comprising an on-chip transceiver, digital baseband processing circuitry, and auxiliary interface circuitry. The on-chip transceiver may process a microwave signal from an antenna element to generate a first pair of quadrature baseband signals and convey the first pair of phase-quadrature baseband signals to the digital baseband processing circuitry. The auxiliary interface circuitry may receive one or more auxiliary signals from a source that is external to the monolithic integrated circuit and convey the one or more auxiliary signals to the digital baseband processing circuitry. The digital baseband processing circuitry may be operable to process signals to generate one or more second pairs of phase-quadrature digital baseband signals.

Abstract: A method is for processing an analog channel signal from a transmission channel. The analog channel signal conveys frames, the transmission channel being linear and cyclostationary for a duration of a frame. The method may include converting of the analog channel signal into a digital channel signal, and performing channel estimations for the frame based upon the digital channel signal to generate a sequence of N transfer functions of the transmission channel. Each of the sequence of N transfer functions may be respectively associated with N successive time slices. The method may include decoding at least some symbols of the frame using, for each of the symbols, a transfer function associated with a successive time slice including a respective symbol.

Abstract: Aspects of the subject disclosure may include, for example, a coupling device including a receiving portion that receives a radio frequency signal conveying data from a transmitting device. A magnetic coupler magnetically couples the radio frequency signal to a transmission medium as a guided electromagnetic wave that is bound by an outer surface of the transmission medium. A cap includes a dielectric portion that secures the transmission medium adjacent to the magnetic coupler and a reflective plate that reduces electromagnetic emissions from the magnetic coupler. Other embodiments are disclosed.

Abstract: In a system for controlling a radio base station, an out-of-band emergency channel based on a power cable is established between a baseband unit (BBU) and a remote radio unit (RRU) such that even when a unique communications interface common public radio interface (CPRI) between the BBU and the RRU is abnormal, the BBU can still effectively control the RRU using the out-of-band emergency channel. In another system for controlling a radio base station, out-of-band emergency channels based on power cables are established among multiple RRUs such that even when a unique communications interface CPRI between a BBU and a target RRU is abnormal, the BBU can still effectively control the target RRU using an out-of-band emergency channel between any RRU (a unique communications interface CPRI of the RRU is normal) and the target RRU, and the BBU can effectively control the RRU.

Abstract: A method is for processing a channel analog signal coming from a transmission channel. The method may include converting the channel analog signal into a channel digital signal, and detecting a state of the transmission channel based on the channel digital signal to detect whether the transmission channel is, over an interval of time, one or more of linear and time invariant and linear and cyclostationary.

Abstract: A method is for processing an analog channel signal from a transmission channel. The method may include converting of the analog channel signal to a digital channel signal, and performing a channel estimation digital processing of the digital channel signal. The channel estimation digital processing may include for at least one frame, generating transfer functions of the transmission channel, the transfer functions respectively associated with reference symbols of the frame, and averaging processing of the transfer functions to generate an average transfer function. The method may include decoding of symbols of the frame following the reference symbols using the average transfer function.

Abstract: A method is for processing a channel analog signal coming from a transmission channel. The method may include converting the channel analog signal into a channel digital signal, and detecting a state of the transmission channel based on the channel digital signal to detect whether the transmission channel is, over an interval of time, one or more of linear and time invariant and linear and cyclostationary.

Abstract: A data communications receiver including a receiver coil, a first amplification stage coupled to the receiver coil, the first amplification circuitry to differentially amplify at least part of signal received by the receiver coil relative to a threshold, a second amplification stage coupled to receive the differentially amplified signal from the first amplification stage, the second amplification stage comprising a current mirror, and hysteretic level shifting circuitry to shift a level of part of the signal received by the receiver coil, the threshold or part of the signal received by the receiver coil and the threshold such that, in response to the at least part of the signal received by the receiver coil having crossed the threshold, a threshold crossing in the other direction is delayed.

Abstract: A first mobile consumer electronic device comprises a broadband near-field communications (BNC) transceiver and is configured to operate as a main processing unit for a second mobile consumer electronic device that is configured as a thin-client. The first mobile consumer electronic device may capture, via the BNC transceiver, a signal over a range of frequencies that spans multiple frequency bands which are licensed by a regulatory authority. The first mobile consumer electronic device may process the captured signal to determine which of the multiple frequency bands are not currently in use by other devices. The first mobile consumer electronic device may select a plurality of the frequency bands. The first mobile consumer electronic device may transmit, via the BNC transceiver, a signal over the selected plurality of frequency bands at a determined strength, where the signal carries video data destined for the second mobile consumer electronic device.

Abstract: An apparatus checks for a presence of an electrically conductive body in the near field of charging coils of an arrangement for induced charging. At least one transmitting device provides a transmission signal in the form of a magnetic field. At least one receiving device generates a reception signal from the transmission signal and induced into the receiving device. The transmitting device and the receiving device are formed in such a way that, when the electrically conductive body is present, a first reception signal forms and, when the electrically conductive body is absent, a second reception signal, different than the first, forms in the receiving device on account of the induced transmission signal.

Abstract: A polar transmitter for an RFID reader and a system using the polar transmitter are disclosed. An RFID system according to at least some embodiments of the invention includes a polar transmitter employing a switch mode power amplifier. The system can also include a receiver to receive responses from RFID tags and a coupler connected to the polar transmitter, the receiver and one or more antennas. In at least some embodiments, the polar transmitter of the RFID system includes an envelope amplifier connected to the switch mode power amplifier to provide an envelope signal and a phase modulator connected to the switch mode power amplifier to phase modulate the switch mode power amplifier using a phase signal. In at least some embodiments, the polar transmitter of the RFID system transmits OPR-ASK signals to reduce AM modulation depth and provide a continuous phase signal for the phase modulator.

Abstract: A quadrature demodulator not requiring analogue mixers. The demodulation is made using a first integrator and a second integrator which are controlled by square logic signals at twice the frequency of the carrier, the received signal being alternatively integrated by the first integrator and the second integrator over periods of time equal to a quarter period of time of the carrier frequency. The samples of the first and second integrators are sampled and subtracted from each other. The successive samples are combined in a first and a second combining module for providing in-phase and quadrature component samples. This demodulator can further be provided with a synchronization module IQ and a symbol synchronization module.

Abstract: A first inductive structure includes a data coil to transfer data by inductive coupling with a second inductive structure. First and second portions of the data coil are connected to one another at a center tap to conduct respective first and second common mode currents, induced by a common mode transient between: a first ground line coupled to the center tap; and a galvanically isolated second ground line of the second inductive structure.

Abstract: Embodiments are provided for uplink measurement based mechanism and control using user equipment (UE) centric sounding signals. The mechanism provides an alternative to DL-measurement dominated system control. Based on UL-measurements at TPs, the network obtains knowledge of users' channel and timing information, traffic, and interference, and is thus able to perform better control, including TP and UE clustering and optimization, and power control and link adaptation. In an embodiment method, a TP receives one-to-one mapping information indicating a plurality of UE IDs and a plurality of sounding channels assigned to the corresponding UE IDs. When the TP detects a sounding reference signal (SRS) from a UE, the TP is able to identify the UE using the detected SRS and the one-to-one mapping information. The TP then obtains measurement information for the identified UE, enabling better control and communications for uplink and downlink transmissions between multiple TPs and the UE.

Abstract: An antenna arrangement configured for digital beam-forming of a transmit signal comprising; a number N>1 of digital to analog converters, DACs, each of the N DACs being arranged to receive one respective digital transmit signal component, and to convert and output an analog transmit signal component, each of the N DACs having a respective resolution below a resolution required to fulfill a regulatory radio requirement in an interchangeable antenna arrangement arranged for transmission by a single antenna element connected to a single DAC; and N antenna elements, each of the N antenna elements being configured to receive one respective analog transmit signal component and to transmit the analog transmit signal component as part of the digitally beam-formed transmit signal.

Abstract: Systems are configured to detect advanced fields, and are therefore able to provide instantaneous communications, radar detection, and remote telemetry. Receiving stations in communications systems and some telemetry systems communicate by modulating a variable termination resistor across the receiver's input terminals. Radar systems and some telemetry systems are sensitive to differential absorption at the targets.

Abstract: System and method embodiments are provided for remote radio unit (RRU) control messaging in massive multiple input multiple output (MIMO) systems. In an embodiment, a network component in a MIMO wireless communication system includes a digital transceiver configured to generate a data signal and a control signal, the control signal including one of control information to control analog components on a RRU and status information about analog components on the RRU; a modulator configured to modulate the control signal onto a control carrier; a transmit filter configured to filter the modulated control signal; and a combiner configured to combine the data signal and the filtered modulated control signal and send the combined signal to a second network component via a physical channel, the second network component comprising one of a controller and the RRU.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method of controlling a communications link and apparatus configured to perform this method. This invention is particularly related to but in no way limited to MIMO (multiple inputs multiple outputs) wireless communications systems. The method comprises the steps of determining at the receiver the quality of the communications link and based on this, selecting a group of transmission parameters and an element from this group. These selections are then communicated to the transmitter. The transmission parameter may be the transmission configuration such as the modulation and coding scheme. The invention minimises the required feedback signalling from the receiver to the transmitter by exploiting temporal correlation of the parameter being controlled, whilst allowing rapid selection of the parameter.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for single and multi-user signal extensions or padding are provided. In various aspects, a number of symbols required to transmit a plurality of data bits to each of a plurality of wireless communication devices and a fraction of useful bits in a final symbol of each of the plurality of data bits is determined. A signaling extension length may also be determined based at least in part on the fraction of useful bits and a modulation and coding scheme (MCS) of each of the plurality of wireless communication devices. A plurality of data packets for each of the plurality of wireless communication devices are generated, with each data packet comprising the corresponding data bits and the signaling extension after the final symbol of each of the plurality of data packets.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention disclose a precoding matrix indicator feedback method, receiving method, and apparatus. User equipment UE receives a reference signal sent by a base station; the UE selects, based on the reference signal, a precoding matrix for each first subband of N first subbands in a system transmission bandwidth from a codebook, where the codebook includes at least two precoding matrixes, and each precoding matrix is denoted by at least a first precoding matrix indicator PMI and a second PMI, where each first subband of the N first subbands corresponds to a second PMI, and each second subband of M second subbands corresponds to a first PMI; and the UE feeds back the first PMI corresponding to each second subband to the base station, and feeds back the second PMI corresponding to each first subband to the base station.

Abstract: A method for transmitting channel status information (CSI) via uplink in a wireless communication system includes transmitting a first precoding matrix indicator (PMI) and a second PMI at a subframe. A subsampled codebook for each of a precoding codebook for Rank-1 and a precoding codebook for Rank-2 is determined based on at least the first PMI or the second PMI. In case of the Rank-1 or the Rank-2, a number of elements for the first PMI is 8.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for transmitting data between a user equipment (15) and a base station (11) in a wireless radio network (10). The user equipment (15) comprises at least a first antenna (16) and a second antenna (17). The base station (11) comprises a plurality of antennas (12) for transmitting radio frequency signals between the base station (11) and the user equipment (15). According to the method, a first training signal is transmitted from the user equipment (15) to the base station (11) via the first antenna (16) at a first time period. Furthermore, a second training signal is transmitted from the user equipment (15) to the base station (11) via the second antenna (17) at a second time period different to the first time period. For each antenna (12) of the base station (11) a corresponding first configuration parameter is determined based on the first training signal and a corresponding second configuration parameter is determined based on the second training signal.

Abstract: A radio base station with a transmission processing section that converts a symbol allocated at a higher symbol rate than a Nyquist rate in a given time domain and/or frequency domain into a symbol allocated at a symbol rate of the Nyquist rate or less in the given time domain and/or frequency domain to generate an OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access) signal for each of a plurality of antennas. The radio base station also includes a transmission section that transmits the 01-DMA signal of each of the plurality of antennas to a user terminal, where the transmission processing section applies transmit diversity with the plurality of antennas to the symbol allocated at the higher symbol rate to improve throughput in a radio communication system using transmit diversity.

Abstract: An apparatus for defining and generating boundaries of satellite coverage. The apparatus includes a processor that is configured to select a plurality of beam points, from a set of points on a coordinate system, to be included within a beam definition, and determine a number of ellipses capable of enclosing the selected beam points while excluding all remaining points of the set of points. The processor then assigns the selected beam points to a corresponding ellipse, and optimizes geometric information for each ellipse to enclose the beam points assigned thereto. A coverage beam is then defined based on a contour resulting from the combined shape of all the ellipses using the optimized geometric information.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for quantizing channel state information (CSI). According to an embodiment of the present invention, a method for quantizing CSI is provided, which can be implemented on a base station side. The method includes: broadcasting antenna configuration of a base station to a user equipment, wherein the antenna configuration includes an antenna port in a vertical direction and an antenna port in a horizontal direction; sending a reference signal (RS) to the user equipment; receiving a vertical precoder corresponding to the antenna port in a vertical direction and a horizontal precoder corresponding to the antenna port in a horizontal direction that are fed back by the user equipment; and based on the received vertical precoder and horizontal precoder, reconstructing a precoder by using a vertical codebook corresponding to the antenna port in a vertical direction and a horizontal codebook corresponding to the antenna port in a horizontal direction.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide a channel state information obtaining method and a device, where the method includes: determining, by a base station according to radio resource usage, a special timeslot in a frequency range used for downlink data transmission; sending special-timeslot configuration information to user equipment, where the special-timeslot configuration information is used to configure the user equipment to send the uplink physical signal over a downlink frequency band in the special timeslot; and performing channel estimation according to the uplink physical signal after receiving the uplink physical signal sent by the user equipment, to obtain channel state information. Compared with a technical solution in the prior art in which user equipment obtains channel state information and then feeds back the channel state information to a base station, system overheads caused in obtaining, by the base station, the channel state information are reduced.

Abstract: Embodiments contemplate methods, systems, and apparatuses for interference measurement in a wireless communication network, including wireless communication networks the employ MIMO in uplink and/or downlink communication. Embodiments contemplate identifying one or more interference measurement resource elements that may be received from one or more transmission points. Embodiments also contemplate performing interference measurement estimation based at least in part on the identified one or more interference measurement resource elements. Channel state information (CSI) perhaps in the form of reports may be generated based at least in part on the one or more interference measurement estimation. Embodiments also contemplate that the CSI report may be transmitted to one or more nodes. In some embodiments, the one or more interference measurement resource elements may be received as part of a set of resource elements.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and a device for selecting and allocating a transmission beam index having a priority. The present invention, in this regard, relates to a method for transmission and reception by a base station in a wireless communication system capable of configuring a plurality of beams, the method comprising the steps of: transmitting a reference signal, using at least one transmission beam; receiving index information of the at least one transmission beam from a terminal; and scheduling a beam corresponding to one piece of information among the index information of the at least one transmission beam for the terminal, wherein the index information is the index information of the at least one transmission beam selected by the terminal on the basis of the priority pre-configured for the plurality of beams.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a received signal processing method including selecting a reference resource element (RE) from a resource block (RB) including a plurality of REs, generating a common filter to be shared among some or all of the plurality of REs of the RB based on channel information of the reference RE, selecting a first border RE, at which the number of repetitions of a compensation process of a primary signal generated using the common filter exceeds a threshold while progressing starting from the reference RE along any one of a time or frequency axis direction, and a second border RE, at which the number of repetition of the compensation process of the primary signal generated using the common filter exceeds the threshold while progressing starting from the first border RE along the other of the time or frequency axis direction, from the RB and forming an RE group sharing the common filter based on the first border RE and the second border RE.

Abstract: A repeater is implemented as switches, each having ring-connection ports. In an address table in each of the switches, a list of hop numbers is stored as additional information in addition to the addresses, listing hop numbers to each of destination devices for the ring-connection ports in association with an address. When a communication controller in each of the switches finds the same destination address stored in the address table for the ring-connection ports, the communication controller selects, from the address table, one of the two destination addresses for the ring-connection ports having a smaller hop number as a transfer destination of the frame, thereby enabling the frame to take a shortest possible communication route to the destination devices.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for applying non-orthogonal multiple access in a multi-hop relay system constituted by a base station, a relay, a first user terminal, and a second user terminal, including: receiving, by the first user terminal, a first data signal which the first user terminal needs to receive and a second data signal which the second user terminal needs to receive from the base station through a first phase; receiving, by the first user terminal, a third data signal from the base station through a second phase when the second data signal is relayed through the second phase by the relay; and removing an interference signal included in the third data signal received through the second phase by using the second data signal which the first user terminal receives through the first phase.

Abstract: Provided is an interference cancellation relay device. The interference cancellation relay device includes: an interference cancellation unit cancelling an interference signal from an input signal and outputting the input signal from which the interference signal is removed; a gain control unit controlling a gain of an output signal of the interference cancellation unit; and a pre-distortion unit distorting the output signal of the interference cancellation unit, of which the gain is controlled by the gain control unit.

Abstract: The systems and methods are provided to provide communication coverage to an unmanned aerial vehicle. A proposed flight path of a UAV may be collected, and a communication signal distribution, such as a cellular signal distribution, along the proposed flight of the UAV may be determined. At positions having low or no communication signal, relays may be provided to improve a quality of the communication signal. The relay may be a ground device or an aerial vehicle. A stable and continuous communication between the UAV and user terminals during the entire flight path of UAV may be provided, and a coverage of cellular signal may be expanded.

Abstract: Method and system for addressing line of sight (LOS) blockage in satellite communication networks are provided herein. The method may include the following stages: obtaining forecast input parameters; forecasting at least one future LOS blockage in two or more communication links established between at least one communication satellite and at least one platform-mounted communication system having at least one antenna, based on the forecast input parameters; and addressing the future LOS blockage by applying at least one of: rerouting the communication links between the at least one platform-mounted communication system and at least one of the communication satellite; changing a power level of at least one of the communication links; changing at least one of: spreading, modulation and coding of at least one of the communication links; changing mobility parameters of the platform-mounted communication system.

Abstract: A pulsed light communication device has a plurality of indicator light emitting diodes emitting diodes emitting at least one of a plurality of wavelengths of colored light to correspond to a designated color assigned to a security level for a network. A continuous uninterrupted modulated pulsed light emitting diode light signal may be generated having a sensitivity threshold detection level exceeding minimal parameters of a photodetector.

Abstract: An optical device includes a light element that outputs first output light and second output light, a first light-receiving portion that converts the first output light into a first electrical signal, a second light-receiving portion that converts the second output light into a second electrical signal, a substrate having a plurality of surfaces, a first electrode which is provided on the substrate and is connected to the first light-receiving portion, and a second electrode which is provided on the substrate and is connected to the second light-receiving portion, and a part of the first electrode is disposed on a surface different from a surface on which the second electrode is disposed.

Abstract: A multifunctional laser driving circuit, and an optical module and method of using the same, are disclosed. The circuit combines first and second optical signals having different functions to form a compound signal, and switches among the first optical signal, second optical signal and compound signal by enabling or disabling first and second laser drivers corresponding to the first and second optical signals. The circuit can provide functions to optical modules, including converting an electrical data signal into an optical data signal; converting an electrical line monitoring signal into an optical line monitoring signal; combining the optical data and line monitoring signals and synchronously transmitting them to a fiber; and providing an OTDR function. Relative to using external OTDR tools to detect line faults, the present circuit and method enables simple line connection, timely detection of lines faults, and low costs of implementation.

Abstract: Systems and methods for facilitating social communication are disclosed. A system includes a first portable social client including an encoder configured to associate identity information with an optical signal pattern, and an optical signal transmitter configured to broadcast the optical signal pattern in a series of pulses in a non-visible light spectrum, and a second portable social client including an optical signal receiver configured to receive the optical signal pattern in the non-visible light spectrum, and a decoder configured to access the identity information associated with the optical signal pattern.

Abstract: An LED illumination device is configured to receive coded messages by at least one of radio signals in free space, electrically conducted signals by wire, and light wave propagated signals in free space, process the coded messages, and transmit the coded messages by two or more of radio signals in free space, electrically conducted signals by wire, and light wave propagated signals in free space.

Abstract: In a communications system having an analog channel configured to convey a data signal from a transmitter to a receiver, a method of mitigating narrow-band impairment imposed by the analog channel on the data signal within a bounded spectral region of a spectrum of the data signal. A transmitter digital signal processor (Tx DSP) applying a first adaptation function to the data signal prior to transmitting the data signal through the analog channel. A receiver digital signal processor (Rx DSP) applying a second adaptation function to the data signal received through the analog channel. The first and second adaptation functions are selected to cooperatively mitigate effects of the narrow-band impairment imposed by the analog channel.

Abstract: A microwave-frequency source at frequency fM comprises: a dual optical-frequency reference source, an electro-optic sideband generator, an optical bandpass filter, an optical detector, a reference oscillator, an electrical circuit, and a voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO). The sideband generator modulates dual optical reference signals at v2 and v1 to generate sideband signals at v1±n1fM and v2±n2fM. The bandpass filter transmits sideband signals at v1+N1fM and v2?N2fM. The optical detector generates a beat note at (v2?N2fM)?(v1+N1fM). The beat note and a reference oscillator signal are processed by the circuit to generate a loop-filtered error signal to input to the VCO. Output of the VCO at fM drives the sideband generator and forms the microwave-frequency output signal. The resultant frequency division results in reduced phase noise on the microwave-frequency signal.

Abstract: The invention relates to electronic data carriers having non-volatile memory, and to a method for short-range optical communication. The aim consists in creating a simple, compact, jam-resistant data carrier and a data read/write device. A primary source of radiation is placed in a first device, and a second optoelectronic device is used in a passive mode, in which it receives power as a result of photovoltaically converting the energy of an absorbed portion of the radiation from the first device and responds to a query from the first device by means of modulating a reflected portion of the radiation. The devices are brought into contact in such a way that a light guide is formed between an active structure of the first device, i.e. an optical transceiver, and an active structure of the second device, i.e. a target, said light guide concentrating radiation in a communication channel between the devices.

Abstract: Methods of operating a cellular radio are provided in which a first power supply signal is transmitted from a power supply to a wireless power unit at least in part over a power cable. A second power supply signal is wirelessly transmitted from the wireless power unit to the cellular radio to power the cellular radio. Data is transmitted from a baseband unit that is associated with the cellular radio to a wireless transceiver at least in part over a data cable. This data is wirelessly transmitted from the wireless transceiver to the cellular radio. The data is then transmitted through an antenna that is coupled to the cellular radio.

Abstract: A transceiver having an improved transmitter optical signal to noise ratio, and methods of making and using the same.