Abstract: A rubber mixture and a pneumatic vehicle tire including a rubber mixture containing the following constituents: 15 to 55 phr of at least one natural polyisoprene and/or 15 to 55 phr of at least one synthetic polyisoprene and 15 to 85 phr of at least one polybutadiene and 60 to 100 phr of at least one carbon black and 1 to 10 phr of at least one anti-ozone wax, wherein the anti-ozone wax contains unbranched hydrocarbons having the following chain length distribution including at least the three ranges A and B and C: range A: hydrocarbons having 26 to 31 carbon atoms, range B: hydrocarbons having 32 to 36 carbon atoms, range C: hydrocarbons having 37 to 47 carbon atoms, wherein the relative mass fractions of the ranges A to B to C are 0.7 to 1.5:1:0.6 to 1.4.

Abstract: Provided is a rubber composition having an intramolecular double bond capable of sulfur cross-linking, comprising at least one of 1 to 100 parts by mass of carbon black and 10 to 150 parts by mass of an inorganic filler other than carbon black, 0.1 to 50 parts by mass of a sulfur-containing compounding agent and 0.1 to 30 parts by mass of a hydrocarbon compound with both terminal groups thioesterified, per 100 parts by mass of the rubber having an intramolecular double bond capable of sulfur cross-linking. This rubber composition can provide a vulcanized substance having excellent toughness, for example, as a part of at least one of a cap tread, a side wall, a belt, an inner liner, a carcass and a bead of a pneumatic tire without substantially reducing processability of an unvulcanized substance and vulcanizate physical properties of the vulcanized substance.

Abstract: A reaction product and hot melt adhesive compositions that include the reaction product are disclosed. The reaction product includes the reaction product of a first polymer that includes at least one of polypropylene homopolymer and polypropylene-alpha-olefin copolymer, a first wax that includes at least one of polyethylene wax, Fischer Tropsch wax and paraffin wax, and a free radical initiator and has a viscosity of no greater than 12,000 centipoise at 177° C.

Abstract: Provided are a preparation method of a thermoplastic resin composition and a thermoplastic resin composition prepared therefrom. The preparation method includes: feeding a first thermoplastic resin in a molten state into a first hopper and feeding an impact reinforcing agent including a predetermined content of moisture into a second hopper, followed by kneading and extruding processes, and removing the moisture in a first vent port and a second vent port, wherein the first hopper, the first vent port, the second hopper, a first kneading zone, and the second vent port are sequentially formed in a moving direction of an extruder. The thermoplastic resin composition prepared therefrom can have improved appearance property and improved color property by removing moisture of an impact reinforcing agent added to the thermoplastic resin composition.

Abstract: Disclosed are oil-extended olefin block copolymer compositions with low, or no, tack. A unique comonomer content in the soft segment of the OBC in conjunction with the presence of a polyolefin provides the present oil-extended OBC composition with softness, low (or no) tack, and low (or no) oil-bleed.

Abstract: A prepreg includes; agent-coated carbon fibers coated with a sizing agent; and a thermosetting resin composition impregnated into the sizing agent-coated carbon fibers. The sizing agent includes an aliphatic epoxy compound (A) and an aromatic epoxy compound (B1). The sizing agent-coated carbon fibers are in a shape of woven fabric or braid. The thermosetting resin composition includes a thermosetting resin (D), a thermoplastic resin (F), and a latent hardener (G). The sizing agent-coated carbon fibers have an (a)/(b) ratio in a certain range where (a) is the height of a component at a binding energy assigned to CHx, C—C, and C?C and (b) is the height of a component at a binding energy assigned to C—O in a C1s core spectrum of the surfaces of the sizing agent-coated carbon fibers analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.

Abstract: This specification discloses a composition of a melt blend comprising a continuos polyester phase, a cobalt of manganese compound and a first scavenging compound wherein the first scavenging compound comprises at least one allylic group and at least one polar moiety and at least some of the first scavenging compound or the oligomer or the polymer comprising the first scavenging compound is not present in the continuous polyester phase. The partial insolubility is essential for oxygen scavenging and the solubility is essential for reducing haze. The composition is useful in preforms, container walls, and films for packaging.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to the thermosetting resin composition containing (A) to (D): (A) a thermosetting resin containing an SiH group and an alkenyl group, being a reaction product between silsesquioxane having an SiH group and an organopolysiloxane having two alkenyl groups; (B) a thermosetting resin having an SiH group as obtained by allowing reaction among silsesquioxane having an SiH group, organopolysiloxane having two alkenyl groups, an epoxy compound having an alkenyl group and a silyl compound having an alkenyl group; (C) a linear organopolysiloxane compound having an SiH group only at one terminal; and (D) a Pt catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a resin composition for encapsulating an optical device and more particularly, the resin composition for encapsulating optical device of the invention comprising a polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) of which the compatibility with resins is enhanced by its cross-linking ability and an organic polysilazane compound has excellent mechanical properties, and enhanced adhesive strengths to a base material and barrier properties against moisture or oxygen by having excellent solubility with siloxane resins and significantly improved outgassing phenomenon, thus being able to be applied to encapsulation process for various optical devices, especially the encapsulation process of thick films.

Abstract: Digestion of cellulosic biomass solids may be complicated by release of lignin therefrom. Methods for digesting cellulosic biomass solids may comprise: heating cellulosic biomass solids and a digestion solvent in the presence of molecular hydrogen and a slurry catalyst capable of activating molecular hydrogen, thereby forming a phenolics liquid phase comprising lignin, an aqueous phase comprising an alcoholic component derived from the cellulosic biomass solids, and an optional light organics phase, the slurry catalyst being distributed in the cellulosic biomass solids and at least a portion of the slurry catalyst accumulating in the phenolics liquid phase as it forms; conveying at least a portion of the phenolics liquid phase and the slurry catalyst to a location above at least a portion of the cellulosic biomass solids; and after conveying the phenolics liquid phase and the slurry catalyst, releasing them such that they come in contact with the cellulosic biomass solids.

Abstract: Provided is a compound that improves dispersibility of a pigment in a non-water-soluble solvent, and a pigment dispersing agent, a pigment composition, a pigment dispersion and a toner that use that compound. The present invention relates to a compound in which a polymer and a monoazo compound having a specific structure are bonded. The present invention further relates to a pigment dispersing agent, a pigment composition, a pigment dispersion and a toner containing that compound.

Abstract: The present application relates to a process for preparing a surface-reacted calcium carbonate in an aqueous environment. The process according to the present invention aims at avoiding the mandatory implementation of medium-strong to strong acids. Another aspect of the present invention is directed to an aqueous suspension of surface-reacted calcium carbonate which is obtainable by the inventive process.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are compositions comprising a dispersion of solid particles of a substantially insoluble copper compound in an amount from 0.001% to 10% by weight of the composition; a boron-containing compound, a fluoride-containing compound, or a combination thereof; and an aqueous carrier; wherein the composition has a viscosity of 125 to 425 tenths of a millimeter (tmm) as measured using a penetrometer, and wherein at least 20% of the particles of the composition comprise particles having particle size greater than 25 microns. Also disclosed herein are methods of making and using the same.

Abstract: An object having a coating produced using an adhesion promoter, wherein the adhesion promoter comprises at least one, optionally oligomeric, addition product having no terminal C?C double bonds and having hydrolyzable silane groups.

Abstract: The invention relates to a non-aqueous stripping composition for removing cured organic paint from substrates comprising i. a source of hydroxide ions; ii. a high-boiling alcohol having a boiling point of at least 100° C.; and iii. at least one surfactant represented by the following formula R—O—(CH2CH2O)nH and ?wherein R is an alkyl chain, linear or branched having a 2 to 24 carbon atom chain length.

Abstract: Ink contains at least one of a compound represented by the following chemical formula 1, a compound represented by chemical formula 2, a compound represented by chemical formula 3, or a compound represented by chemical formula 4.

Abstract: Provided is a white ink, including water, a water-soluble organic solvent, and a colorant including hollow resin particles, wherein the water-soluble organic solvent includes at least one of a monohydric alcohol having a boiling point of 240° C. or lower and a diol having a boiling point of 240° C. or lower, having at least one hydroxyl group bonded to an alkane chain at a site other than terminals of the alkane chain, and having 4 to 6 carbon atoms, and a content of the at least one of the monohydric alcohol and the diol is equal to or greater than 75.0% by mass of a total amount of the water-soluble organic solvent.

Abstract: The invention provides an aqueous ink containing a coloring material, wherein the coloring material is a self-dispersible pigment in which a functional group containing another atomic group and an anionic group such as a carboxylic acid group, a sulfonic acid group, a phosphoric acid group or a phosphonic acid group are bonded to a particle surface of a pigment such as carbon black or an organic pigment, and a standard deviation of an introduced amount of the functional group is 0.0380 or less.

Abstract: A non-aqueous pigment ink includes a pigment, a non-aqueous solvent, a non-water-soluble resin and a water-soluble resin, wherein the non-water-soluble resin is an acrylic polymer formed by a copolymer of a monomer mixture containing at least an alkyl (meth)acrylate (A) having a C8 to C18 alkyl group and a monomer (B) having a ?-diketone group or ?-keto acid ester group.

Abstract: Provided is an ink jet recording apparatus including: a base metal pigment ink composition; and a first nozzle that ejects the base metal pigment ink composition, in which the base metal pigment ink composition contains a flat base metal pigment of which a 50% average particle diameter D50 is in a range of 100 nm to 1 ?m, and an organic compound of which a surface tension at 20° C. is 35 mN/m or greater, and an ejection interval T1 after the base metal pigment ink composition is ejected from the first nozzle and before the base metal pigment ink composition is ejected again from the first nozzle is within 100 ?s.

Abstract: A golf ball resin composition includes (A) (I) an olefin-C3-8 ?,?-unsaturated carboxylic acid copolymer or a metal neutralization product thereof and/or (II) an olefin-C3-8 ?,?-unsaturated carboxylic acid-C3-8 ?,?-unsaturated carboxylic acid ester terpolymer or a metal neutralization product thereof; (B) isocyanuric acid or a haloisocyanuric acid; and (C) a fatty acid or a fatty acid metal salt. When this resin composition is used as a cover material, the paint film adhesion between the cover material and various types of paint, including urethane-based paints, is excellent, enabling various properties of the golf ball to be improved.

Abstract: To obtain an aqueous coating liquid which affords, by applying it on a plastic substrate and drying it, a coated film excellent in transparency, gas barrier properties, and adhesiveness to the substrate and excellent in homogeneity. An aqueous coating liquid containing a polyvinyl alcohol resin (A), a polyethyleneimine (B), a nonionic surfactant (C), and an aqueous solvent (D).

Abstract: An embodiment of the present disclosure is directed to a sacrificial coating composition for an image transfer member in an aqueous ink imaging system. The coating composition is made from ingredients comprising: a latex comprising polymer particles dispersed in a continuous liquid phase; at least one hygroscopic material; at least one oil-in-water emulsion; and at least one surfactant.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an aqueous secondary copolymer dispersion comprising a copolymer (P) synthesized from a mixture of free-radically polymerizable monomers (M) comprising (M1) cycloaliphatic esters of acrylic and/or methylacrylic acid; (M2) vinyl esters of aliphatic carboxylic acids; (M3) hydroxy-functional, free-radically polymerizable monomers; (M4) carboxyl-functional, free-radically polymerizable monomers and (M5) hydroxyl- and carboxyl-free (meth)acrylic esters having C1 to C12 hydrocarbon radicals in the alcohol moiety and/or vinylaromatics. The mixture further comprises glycidyl esters of aliphatic carboxylic acids. The invention also relates to a method for the production of such a dispersion, to the use of the dispersion as a coating and as a binder in 2K polyurethane coatings.

Abstract: Processes for forming functionalized metal-containing particles. The processes employ a reactive precursor material comprising a metal atom, a leaving group attached to the metal atom, and a functional moiety attached to the metal atom. In one embodiment, functionalized metal-containing particles can be formed by grafting reactive precursors with functional groups to particles containing controlled surface hydroxyl concentrations; with the particles produced by a prescribed method.

Abstract: The invention relates to alcohol-modified glycidyl carbamate resins wherein at least some of the glycidol groups in the resin have been replaced with an alcohol. The invention also relates to coating compositions containing the resins.

Abstract: A polishing composition of the present invention contains: a polyvinyl alcohol resin having a 1,2-diol structure in its side chain, the polyvinyl alcohol resin being a copolymer of a monomer represented by Formula (1) below and a vinyl ester monomer; an organic acid; and abrasive grains whose surfaces are chemically modified so as to have a minus zeta potential on the surfaces in a solution with a pH of 2.0 or more and to have no isoelectric point: (where R1 to R6 each independently denote a hydrogen atom or an organic group, X denotes a single bond or a linking group, and R7 and R8 each independently denote a hydrogen atom or R9—CO— (where R9 denotes an alkyl group)).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a CMP slurry composition for polishing copper, comprising: polishing particles; a complexing agent; a corrosion inhibitor; and deionized water. The complexing agent comprises one or more organic acids selected from oxalic acid, malic acid, malonic acid, and formic acid, and glycine.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a polishing agent including: cerium oxide particles; a water-soluble organic polymer having at least one selected from a carboxylic acid group and a salt of carboxylic acid; a water-soluble polyamide having at least one selected from a tertiary amino group and an oxyalkylene chain in a molecule thereof; and water, in which the polishing agent has a pH of 7 or less.

Abstract: The present subject matter provides a shrink film free of silicon-containing material, fluorine-containing material, and solvent-formed seams. The shrink film utilizes a water soluble layer covering an adhesive layer. The water soluble layer is in dry form and non-tacky, allowing processing of the shrink film subsequent to adhesive application to the shrink film. When the water soluble layer is dissolved, the adhesive layer is exposed and is capable of forming a permanent bond. The adhesive can be used to form a seam in the film and/or can be used to form a bond between the film and a substrate. The water soluble layer facilitates removal of an optional release liner from the adhesive. A substrate with the shrink film attached thereto and a related method of attaching a heat shrinkable film to a substrate are also disclosed.

Abstract: Liner for protecting adhesives with respect to permeates originating from the surroundings or included during winding, stacking or other process steps, having at least one non-stick release layer and at least one getter material that is able to absorb at least one substance capable of permeation, the getter material being contained as a dispersed phase in at least one layer of the liner.

Abstract: An adhesive film, which can be bonded when heat-activated, comprising a) a polymer-metal blend comprising at least one adhesive which can be bonded when heat-activated, and at least one metal component melting in the temperature range from 50° C. to 400° C., and b) at least one fibrous, electrically conductive filler, the filler being present at least partly in the form of a bound fiber network with the metal component.

Abstract: The invention provides for an adhesive composition that can both be used as melt adhesive composition and as drying adhesive composition. Such an adhesive composition comprises a thermoreversible gelling starch, a bonding starch and a plasticizer.

Abstract: A self-sealing elastomer composition that includes a diene elastomer, a hydrocarbon resin with a given softening temperature, and a liquid plasticizing agent, is manufactured according to a process that includes successive stages. In one stage, the hydrocarbon resin is incorporated in the diene elastomer by kneading the resin and the elastomer in a mixer at or up to a temperature referred to as “hot compounding” temperature, which is greater than the softening temperature of the resin, in order to obtain a masterbatch. In another stage, the liquid plasticizing agent is incorporated in the masterbatch by kneading the agent and the masterbatch in the same mixer or in another mixer, in order to obtain the self-sealing composition. The self-sealing composition then is formed dimensionally.

Abstract: A composition comprising a base oil in an amount from 5 to 95 wt %, an ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer resin, and an ester-soluble tackifying resin; wherein the ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer resin is present in an amount from 5 to 95 wt % based on the total weight of the ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer resin and the ester-soluble tackifying resin is provided. Methods for assembling or lubricating turbine engines are also provided.

Abstract: An adhesive composition and a polarizing plate, the adhesive composition including an isocyanate curing agent and having a creeping distance decrease rate of 10% or less, wherein the creeping distance decrease rate is calculated by Equation 1: Creeping distance decrease rate (%)=|(A?B)/A|×100,??[Equation 1] wherein, in Equation 1, A and B are creeping distances of an adhesive layer prepared from the composition, when a force of 2.25 kg is applied to a polarizing plate at 25° C. for 1,000 seconds after the polarizing plate formed with the adhesive layer is attached to a glass plate and left at 35° C. and 45% RH for 24 hours and for 36 hours, respectively.

Abstract: A polyolefin-based composition made from or containing (A) a first polymer composition made from or containing a polyolefin grafted with an unsaturated monomer, (B) a second polymer composition made from or containing a polyethylene, and (C) a third polymer composition made from or containing (i) a first polyisobutylene and (ii) a second polyisobutylene. The first polyisobutylene has a Viscosity Average Molecular Weight (VAMW1), and the second polyisobutylene has a Viscosity Average Molecular Weight (VAMW2), wherein VAMW1?VAMW2. The polyolefin-based composition is useful as an adhesives or a tie-layer adhesive composition for multi-layered structures. In particular, the composition is useful as an adhesive to bind a metal layer to a dissimilar substrate.

Abstract: The present invention provides a pressure-sensitive adhesive sheet containing a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer that contains a polyester resin as a main component, in which the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer having a laminate structure that contains at least one layer LA where a polyester resin EA having Mw of from 4×104 to 12×104 is crosslinked and at least one layer LB where a polyester resin EB having Mw of from 0.2×104 to 1×104 is crosslinked, and at least one surface of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer is constituted by the layer LA.

Abstract: The present invention provides a sealant composition that includes a reactive silyl group-containing organic polymer, and gives a cured product having a low modulus and not having wrinkles or cracks on the surface even though the sealant includes as a curing catalyst a tetravalent tin compound, which is presumed to reduce recovery. The sealant composition is a one-component curable sealant composition including: a linear organic polymer (A) having a number average molecular weight of 11,000 to 30,000, and having an ethanol-elimination reactive silyl group at a molecular terminal; a tetravalent tin compound (B); and a plasticizer (C).

Abstract: To reduce scratches during polishing while ensuring an appropriately high polishing rate, provided are a silica for CMP satisfying the following (A) to (C), an aqueous dispersion using a silica for CMP, and a method of producing a silica for CMP: (A) a BET specific surface area of 40 m2/g or more and 180 m2/g or less; (B) a particle density measured by a He-gas pycnometer method of 2.24 g/cm3 or more; and (C) a coefficient of variation in primary particle diameter calculated by TEM/image analysis of 0.40 or less.

Abstract: Use of a gaseous mixture, selected from the group consisting of—propylene in a concentration from 90% to 99% by weight and a gas selected from the group consisting of butene, ethylene and ethane or mixtures thereof in a concentration from 1% to 10% by weight; as replacement or alternative refrigerant gas for R404A, R507A and/or R407C, and/or other replacement or alternative refrigerants for R404A, R507A and R407C containing HFC (hydrofluorocarbons), HFO (hydrofluoro olefins) and HFE (hydrofluoro ethers).

Abstract: To provide a working medium for heat cycle, of which combustibility is suppressed, which has less influence over the ozone layer, which has less influence over global warming and which provides a heat cycle system excellent in the cycle performance (efficiency and capacity), and a heat cycle system, of which the safety is secured, and which is excellent in the cycle performance (efficiency and capacity). A working medium for heat cycle comprising 1-chloro-2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene is employed for a heat cycle system (such as a Rankine cycle system, a heat pump cycle system, a refrigerating cycle system 10 or a heat transport system).

Abstract: An in situ method for forming a thermally conductive thermal radical cure silicone composition is provided. The in situ method comprises forming a thermally conductive clustered functional polymer comprising the reaction product of a reaction of a polyorganosiloxane having an average, per molecule, of at least 2 aliphatically unsaturated organic groups; a polyorganohydrogensiloxane having an average of 4 to 15 silicon atoms per molecule; and a reactive species having, per molecule, at least 1 aliphatically unsaturated organic group and 1 or more curable groups; in the presence of a filler treating agent, a filler comprising a thermally conductive filler, an isomer reducing agent, and a hydrosilylation catalyst. The method further comprises blending the thermally conductive clustered functional polymer with a radical initiator.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a polymer including at least one monomer comprising a switchable-amphiphilic functional group. Various embodiments provide a methods of treating a subterranean formation with the polymer, compositions including the polymer, and methods of making compositions including the polymer.

Abstract: A curable silicone composition comprising: (A) an organopolysiloxane represented by the average unit formula: (R13SiO1/2)a(R22SiO2/2)b(R3SiO3/2)c (R1 are alkyl groups, alkenyl groups, aryl groups, or aralkyl groups; R2 are alkyl groups or alkenyl groups; R3 is an alkyl group, aryl group, or an aralkyl group, provided that, in a molecule, at least 0.5 mol % of R1 to R3 are the alkenyl groups, at least one of R3 is the aryl group or the aralkyl group; and a, b, and c are numbers satisfying: 0.01?a?0.5, 0.4?b?0.8, 0.01?c?0.5, and a+b+c=1); (B) an organopolysiloxane that is different from component (A); (C) an organopolysiloxane having at least two silicon atom-bonded hydrogen atoms in a molecule; and (D) a hydrosilylation reaction catalyst. A cured product exhibiting excellent dispersibility of phosphor and having high strength and gas barrier properties is formed.

Abstract: Provided is a phosphor including: a host material expressed by a general formula (Ca1-xMex)a(Ce1-y-zLayPrz)bSicXd (0.5?b/a?7, 1.5?c/(a+b)?3.5, 4?d/(a+b)?6, 0?x?0.5, 0?y<1, 0?z?0.5, and 0?y+z<1, where X is at least one element selected from N, O, F, and Cl); and at least one activator that is selected from Mn, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Dy, Tb, Ho, Er, Tm, and is solid-solutioned in the host material, wherein Me is at least one element selected from Ba, Mg, Sr, Mn, and Zn, and the host material includes, as a main phase, a phase that exhibits a diffraction peak having a relative intensity of 5% or more in ranges of Bragg's angles (2?) of 10.68-11.41°, 18.52-19.46°, 31.21-31.58°, 31.61-32.20°, and 36.81-37.49° of an X-ray diffraction pattern when a relative intensity of a diffraction peak having the strongest intensity is set to 100% in the X-ray powder diffraction pattern.

Abstract: The present invention relates to liquid-crystalline media comprising one or more compounds selected from the group of compounds of formulae I, II and III, in which the parameters R1-R3, Z21, Z31, Z32 and rings A11, A12, A13, A21, A22, A31, and A32 are as defined herein, and to components comprising these media for high-frequency technology, in particular phase shifters and microwave array antennas.

Abstract: There is provided a liquid crystal display device that may limit a reduction in the voltage holding ratio (VHR) of a liquid crystal layer and an increase in the ion density (ID) in the liquid crystal layer and thereby address issues of faulty display such as white missing pixels, alignment inconsistencies, and burn-in. The liquid crystal display device according to the present invention, which may limit a reduction in the voltage holding ratio (VHR) of a liquid crystal layer and an increase in the ion density (ID) in the liquid crystal layer and thereby reduce the risk of faulty display such as burn-in, can be suitably used, in particular, as an IPS-mode or FFS-mode liquid crystal display device for active-matrix driving and may also be used as a liquid crystal display device for liquid crystal display televisions, monitors, mobile phones, smart phones, or the like.

Abstract: The present invention provides a liquid crystal composition having a sufficiently low viscosity (?), a sufficiently low rotational viscosity (?1), a high elastic constant (K33), and a negative dielectric anisotropy (??) with a high absolute value without decreasing the refractive index anisotropy (?n) and the nematic phase-isotropic liquid phase transition temperature (Tni); and a liquid crystal display device with a VA mode that uses the liquid crystal composition and has high display quality and high response speed. The liquid crystal display device that uses the liquid crystal composition of the present invention has a distinguished feature of high-speed response and is particularly useful as an active matrix driving liquid crystal display device. The liquid crystal display device is applicable to a VA mode, PSVA mode, PSA mode, IPS mode, or ECB mode liquid crystal display device.

Abstract: A system and method for processing biomass into hydrocarbon fuels that includes processing a biomass in a hydropyrolysis reactor resulting in hydrocarbon fuels and a process vapor stream and cooling the process vapor stream to a condensation temperature resulting in an aqueous stream. The aqueous stream is sent to a catalytic reactor where it is oxidized to obtain a product stream containing ammonia and ammonium sulfate. A resulting cooled product vapor stream includes non-condensable process vapors comprising H2, CH4, CO, CO2, ammonia and hydrogen sulfide.