Abstract: A semiconductor device package includes a carrier, a wall disposed on a top surface of the carrier, a cover, and a sensor element. The cover includes a portion protruding from a bottom surface of the cover, where the protruding portion of the cover contacts a top surface of the wall to define a space. The sensor element is positioned in the space.

Abstract: An electronic system having a carrier, at least one radio chip mounted on the carrier, a spacer element, which is mounted on the radio chip and features a material having a predefined permittivity number, and at least one electronic component mounted on the radio chip.

Abstract: A method of bonding of germanium to aluminum between two substrates to create a robust electrical and mechanical contact is disclosed. An aluminum-germanium bond has the following unique combination of attributes: (1) it can form a hermetic seal; (2) it can be used to create an electrically conductive path between two substrates; (3) it can be patterned so that this conduction path is localized; (4) the bond can be made with the aluminum that is available as standard foundry CMOS process. This has the significant advantage of allowing for wafer-level bonding or packaging without the addition of any additional process layers to the CMOS wafer.

Abstract: An MEMS-based method for manufacturing a sensor comprises the steps of: forming a shallow channel (120) and a support beam (140) on a front surface of a substrate (100); forming a first epitaxial layer (200) on the front surface of the substrate (100) to seal the shallow channel (120); forming a suspended mesh structure (160) below the first epitaxial layer (200); and forming a deep channel (180) at a position on a back surface of the substrate (100) corresponding to the shallow channel (120), so that the shallow channel (120) is in communication with the deep channel (180). In the Method of manufacturing a MEMS-based sensor, when a shallow channel is formed on a front surface, a support beam of a mass block is formed, so the etching of a channel is easier to control, the process is snore precise. and the uniformity and the homogeneity of the formed support beam are better.

Abstract: A hydrogen storage material includes Mg(NH2)2, LiH, and MgH2. A manufacturing method of a hydrogen storage material includes steps of manufacturing a mixture by mixing Mg(NH2)2, LiH, and MgH2, and pulverizing the mixture.

Abstract: The invention is for use in gas chemistry for producing hydrogen-containing gas on the base of a CO and H2 mixture (syngas) from natural gas and other hydrocarbon gases. The object of the invention is to suppress side reactions resulting in soot formation when conducting the process in high productivity mode, and also to provide for an uncomplicated reactor design while maintaining compact dimensions thereof. The method for producing a hydrogen-containing gas comprises mixing natural gas with oxygen, partially oxidizing the natural gas with oxygen at a temperature ranging from 1300° C. to 1700° C. resulting in obtaining hydrogen-containing gas, and cooling the stream of the hydrogen-containing gas produced. Said cooling is performed until the temperature drops below 550° C. and at a rate above 100000° C./sec.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the production of liquid hydrocarbons by Fischer-Tropsch synthesis in which the reforming section of the plant comprises a process line comprising autothermal reforming (ATR) (5) or catalytic partial oxidation (CPO), and a separate process line comprising steam methane reforming (SMR) (8).

Abstract: Described herein are methods for the bromine-facilitated synthesis of fluoro-sulfur compounds, that include SF4, SF5Cl, SF5Br and SF6. The methods described herein generally require lower temperature and pressure, produce higher yields, require less time, do not use corrosive or costly reactants and solvents that are commonly used in the synthesis of the fluoro-sulfur compounds, and do not produce deleterious waste products when compared to previously-used methods.

Abstract: The method for producing a perovskite metal oxynitride of the present invention, comprises: a hydrogenation step (A) of forming a perovskite oxyhydride in which an oxide ion (O2?) and a hydride ion (H?) coexist, by reducing a perovskite oxide through a reductive oxygen elimination reaction using a metal hydride; and a nitriding step (B) of forming a perovskite oxynitride containing a nitride ion (N3?) by heat-treating the perovskite oxyhydride in the presence of a nitrogen source substance at a temperature of 300° C. or higher and 600° C. or lower and exchanging the hydride ion (H?) for a nitride ion (N3?).

Abstract: An aerosol generator, in particular a soot generator. The aerosol generator includes a combustion chamber, in which fuel can be burned with an oxidizing agent in at least one soot-particle-creating flame, and a fluid feeding device for feeding fuel and an oxidizing agent into the combustion chamber. The fluid feeding device has at least three feed lines, the outlet-side end portions of which run parallel, so that at least three fluids of different types, in particular gases, can be introduced into the combustion chamber unmixed and in a parallel inflow direction.

Abstract: A graphite film which is low in graphite dust generation can be produced by properly selecting acid dianhydride and diamine which constitute a polyimide film, which polyimide film is a raw material of the graphite film. Specifically, the graphite film which is low in graphite dust generation can be obtained if (1) the acid dianhydride is PMDA and the diamine has a molar ratio of ODA/PDA in a range of 100:0 to 80:20, or (2) the acid dianhydride has a molar ratio of PMDA/BPDA in a range of 80:20 to 50:50, and the diamine has a molar ratio of ODA/PDA in a range of 30:70 to 90:10.

Abstract: A method for production of various morphologies of solid carbon product by reducing carbon oxides with a reducing agent in the presence of a catalyst. The carbon oxides are typically either carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide. The reducing agent is typically either a hydrocarbon gas or hydrogen. The desired morphology of the solid carbon product may be controlled by the specific catalysts, reaction conditions, and optional additives used in the reduction reaction. The resulting solid carbon products have many commercial applications.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for preparing an ultrahigh-purity silicon carbide powder, more particularly to a method for preparing an ultrahigh-purity silicon carbide granular powder by preparing a gel wherein a silicon compound and a carbon compound are uniformly dispersed via a sol-gel process using a liquid state silicon compound and a solid or liquid state carbon compound of varying purities as raw materials, preparing a silicon dioxide-carbon (SiO2—C) composite by pyrolyzing the prepared gel, preparing a silicon carbide-silicon dioxide-carbon (SiC—SiO2—C) composite powder via two-step carbothermal reduction of the prepared silicon dioxide-carbon composite, adding a silicon metal and then conducting carbonization and carbothermal reduction at the same time by heat treating, thereby growing the synthesized silicon carbide particle with an increased yield of the silicon carbide.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a polysilicon production apparatus. The apparatus includes: a horizontal reaction tube positioned in an insulated tube and having an inlet port through which gaseous raw materials including silicon-containing reactant gases and a reducing gas are supplied, an outlet port through which residual gases exit, a reaction surface with which the gaseous raw materials come into contact, and a plurality of bottom openings through which molten polysilicon produced by the reactions of the gaseous raw materials is discharged; one or more internal structures placed in the horizontal reaction tube to provide additional reaction surfaces; and first heating means adapted to heat the reaction surface of the horizontal reaction tube. The present invention also relates to a method for the production of polysilicon using the apparatus.

Abstract: A polycrystalline silicon rod is synthesized by the Siemens method (S101). After the polycrystalline silicon rod is covered from above with a plastic bag whose inner surface has been washed, and housed in the plastic bag in a reactor (S103), the polycrystalline silicon rod is removed out of the reactor (S104), and heat-sealed and stored in an enclosed state (S105). According to the present invention, steps conventionally considered as essential, such as washing, etching, and water washing, are not always necessary, and therefore the concentrations of fluorine ions, nitrate ions, and nitrogen dioxide ions remaining on the surface can each be less than 0.2 ppbw. In addition, by covering with the plastic bag, the metal contamination levels decrease significantly. Moreover, when the handling according to the present invention is performed, surface contamination hardly proceeds even if the polycrystalline silicon rod is stored for a long period.

Abstract: A silica particle has a compression and aggregation degree of from 60% to 95% and a particle compression ratio of from 0.20 to 0.40.

Abstract: Provided are hollow silica particles that have a refractive index of 1.2-1.4, a thermal conductivity of less than 0.1 W/m·K, an oil absorption rate of 0.1 ml/g or below, a porosity of at least 90% when mixed with a resin, and a particle distribution coefficient of variation (CV value) of 10% or below. Further provided are a composition comprising the hollow silica particles, and a transparent thermal insulation sheet which has a visible light transmittance of at least 70%, a thermal conductivity of less than 0.1 W/m·K, and a filling rate of particles of 30-80%.

Abstract: Precipitated silica having a BET specific surface area in the range of from 35-700 m2/g, a CTAB specific surface area in the range of from 30 to 400 m2/g, and a content of polycarboxylic acid and/or carboxylate groups, expressed as total carbon content, of at least 0.

Abstract: In some embodiments, the present disclosure pertains to methods of forming calcium-silicate-hydrate particles by mixing a calcium source with a silicate source. In some embodiments, the mixing comprises sonication. In some embodiments, the mixing occurs in the presence of a surfactant and a solvent. In some embodiments, the methods of the present disclosure further comprise a step of controlling the morphology of the calcium-silicate-hydrate particles. In some embodiments, the step of controlling the morphology of calcium-silicate-hydrate particles comprises selecting a stoichiometric ratio of the calcium source over the silicate source. In some embodiments, the formed calcium-silicate-hydrate particles have cubic shapes. In some embodiments, the formed calcium-silicate-hydrate particles have rectangular shapes. In some embodiments, the formed calcium-silicate-hydrate particles are in the form of self-assembled particles of controlled shapes.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for preparing zeolite SSZ-98 using 1,3-dicyclohexylimidazolium cations as a structure directing agent.

Abstract: Systems and methods for ammonia purification in the NH3 purification and liquefaction stage of a conventional two-column sour water stripping system using an adsorbent bed.

Abstract: A reactor for catalytic conversion of gas mixtures may include a catalyst bed. An upper side of the catalyst bed may include a gas lock that is movable in a vertical direction. The gas lock may be lowered when the catalyst bed contracts. In some examples, the gas lock prevents a gas mixture from flowing out of the catalyst bed via the upper side of the catalyst bed.

Abstract: Activated aluminum sesquichlorohydrate (AASCH) powders and method of making are disclosed. The method of making the active comprises (a) diluting the concentrated aluminum sesquichlorohydrate (ASCH) solution to from about 10% to about 25% by weight and (b) heating the diluted solution to obtain a Band III polymer concentration of at least about 20% and a Band IV polymer concentration of at least about 15%, and (c) drying the heated solution to powders and (d) optionally screen or light mill the powders to free flowing spherical particles.

Abstract: The subject of the present invention is a method for processing metallized packaging materials, especially beverage cartons, or blister packaging. According to the invention, the aluminum is dissolved with the aid of acid and separated from the plastic. The metal-containing acid solution then undergoes pyrohydrolytic treatment and the acid is thus recovered. The aluminum can be recovered as valuable aluminum oxide.

Abstract: A method for static mixing in a waste water settling tank to increase the percentage of recovery of entrained solids from the waste water comprising a settling tank having a recirculation ring and a hopper bottom defining a sludge hopper, a fluid deflector centrally disposed within the space contained in the hopper bottom having a flat portion, and an inlet pipe for introduction of waste water containing second entrained solids into the settling tank and having a discharge outlet in proximity to the underside of the deflector dome and a nozzle facing downward. Influent waste water is directed vertically downward toward the flat portion and upward into the center of the fluid deflector which distributes the influent radially into contact, preferably turbulent, with previously introduced waste water containing first entrained solids to cause coalescence of the first and second entrained solids to form larger particles having increased settling velocity.

Abstract: A water softener water hardness automatic detection device includes: a water input tube; a water output tube; a valve head, disposed in a water softener; a bypass valve, disposed in a water softener, and connected to the valve head through the water input tube and the water input tube; and a water hardness detection device, disposed on the water input tube, used to detect hardness of water. The water hardness detection device is a TDS (total dissolved solids) detection probe, extending into a tube chamber of the water input tube, and connected electrically to a display panel of the water softener through a controller. The valve head and the bypass valve are both connected electrically to the controller. The water softener water hardness automatic detection device is simple in construction, user may adjust parameters of water softener, to achieve the most of its functions.

Abstract: An atomizer for use in waste water evaporation includes a motor having a rotor shaft, at least one conduit for receiving the waste water, a housing supporting the motor and the at least one conduit, and a hub having a plurality of holes for distributing waste water in the form of water droplets. The motor is a variable speed motor and is cooled by waste water flowing through the at least one conduit. The hub is connected to the rotor shaft and spins at a variable speed with the rotor shaft. The atomizer may be used in a waste water evaporation system that further includes an anemometer and a control system. The control system receives a wind speed input from the anemometer and provides a signal to the variable speed motor to adjust the speed of the variable speed motor and hub, thereby adjusting the water droplet size in response to varying wind conditions.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a method for the removal of radionuclides from water, wherein at least one absorption additive that has an absorptive effect on the nuclides and at least one filter device that is impermeable to the adsorption additive and the nuclides absorbed thereon are used. An improved removal rate is achieved with reduced equipment expenditure when an adsorption layer is formed from the adsorption additive on an inflow-side surface of the respective filter device.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a container for a filter cartridge, and a filter set which comprises such a container. The container has a bottom with a drain line connecting a cavity for accommodating the filter cartridge with the outer side of the container, and a side wall. The bottom and the side wall form the cavity. The filter cartridge is filled with a filter material. In order to enable utilisation of both ion exchanger filter cartridges and reverse osmosis filter cartridges, the drain line includes an extension that can receive a throttle valve, e.g. an apertured diaphragm, when using a reverse osmosis filter cartridge and, in addition, includes a ball valve that is closed when the inserted filter cartridge is an ion exchanger filter cartridge, and open otherwise.

Abstract: This disclosure provides water processing apparatuses, systems, and methods for recovering water from wastewater such as urine. The water processing apparatuses, systems, and methods can utilize membrane technology for extracting purified water in a single step. A containment unit can include an ionomer membrane, such as Nafion®, over a hydrophobic microporous membrane, such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). The containment unit can be filled with wastewater, and the hydrophobic microporous membrane can be impermeable to liquids and solids of the wastewater but permeable to gases and vapors of the wastewater, and the ionomer membrane can be permeable to water vapor but impermeable to one or more contaminants of the gases and vapors. The containment unit can be exposed to a dry purge gas to maintain a water vapor partial pressure differential to drive permeation of the water vapor, and the water vapor can be collected and processed into potable water.

Abstract: A water treatment system comprises at least one electrolytic cell comprising at least one electrode and a power source for powering the electrode. The electrode may be a metal electrode comprising a coating of polymer comprising structural units of formula I (I) wherein R1 is independently at each occurrence a C1-C6 alkyl radical or —SO3M wherein M is independently at each occurrence a hydrogen or an alkali metal a hydrogen or an alkali metal, R2 is independently at each occurrence a C1-C6 alkyl radical, a is independently at each occurrence an integer ranging from 0 to 4, and b is independently at each occurrence an integer ranging from 0 to 3. An associated method is also described.

Abstract: A method and system for treatment of flow-back and produced water from a hydrocarbon well in which fracturing operations are carried out using a phase separation and creating of positive charge in the water.

Abstract: A water bladder system. An air valve, which may be a check valve, is configured to be coupled with the flexible container and selectively allow air to enter an interior of the flexible container. A release mechanism coupled with the flexible container selectively allows the fluid to exit the interior of the flexible container. An open-celled foam is included within the interior of the flexible container and is coated with a quaternary organosilane coating produced from a quaternary ammonium organosilane reagent.

Abstract: The invention includes methods of removing particulate matter from potash tailings fluid comprising providing an activating material capable of being affixed to the particulate matter, affixing the activating material to the particulate matter to form an activated particle, providing an anchor particle and a tethering material capable of being affixed to the anchor particle; and attaching the tethering material to the anchor particle and the activated particle to form a removable complex in the potash tailings fluid. The invention also includes providing an activating material capable of being affixed to the particulate matter in the potash tailings fluid; affixing the activating material to the particulate matter to form an activated particle; providing an anchor particle and enveloping it with an enveloping agent to form an enveloped anchor particle capable of attaching to the activated particle; and combining the enveloped anchor particle with the activated particle to form a removable complex.

Abstract: A method of treating produced water from subterranean operations includes charging produced water into a container to create a mixture of the produced water and an aqueous medium including a source of sulfate ions within the container, removing an outflow via an outlet in the container; and charging barite particles into the container.

Abstract: A system and process to protect chlorine-susceptible water treatment membranes from chlorine damage without the use of chemical scavengers employs a catalytic deoxygenation system located upstream of the chlorine-susceptible membranes. The system and process not only achieves the required oxygen discharge levels, via reaction of the oxygen with hydrogen, but also dechlorinates the water, via reaction of the chlorine species with hydrogen.

Abstract: A method for treating sulfide in an aqueous fluid comprises contacting the fluid with an oxidizer in the presence of a sulfur dye or sulfurized vat dye. In one embodiment, the method comprises treating sulfide contaminated water by contacting the contaminated water with air in the presence of a sulfur dye or a sulfurized vat dye. The method is useful for remediating industrial, agricultural, and municipal waste water.

Abstract: A system and method includes an aeration subsystem that excites enzymes in the liquid waste passing through the septic system. The aeration subsystem includes a compressor section that compresses the liquid waste. The method includes mixing enzymes into the fluid waste material, compressing the fluid waste material with the compressor, injecting air into the compressed fluid waste material, and determining whether the fluid waste material is at a desired cleanliness, and if not, recirculating the fluid waste material through the compressor.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for reducing the amount of sulphur compounds in a sulphur compounds contaminated wastewater stream, using a granular sludge treatment system (10) comprising anaerobic microorganisms, wherein the process comprises the steps of adding an aqueous nitrate solution to the wastewater stream, contacting the wastewater stream with the anaerobic microorganisms, and anoxic oxidation of at least part of the sulphur compounds in the sulphur compounds contaminated wastewater stream by the anaerobic microorganisms, resulting in a sulphur compounds depleted wastewater stream. The invention furthermore relates to such a granular sludge treatment system (10).

Abstract: The instant disclosure is directed towards methods of treating wastewater and related systems, where the system includes: a first zone comprising at least one anaerobic tank, and a second zone comprising at least one engineered wetland. In some embodiments, the system includes a third zone comprising at least one bauxite residue cell.

Abstract: Sludge from an anaerobic digester is treated to recover one or more of fibers, or solids or liquids with a high nutrient content. The solids or liquids can be used as a fertilizer. The fibers can be used in a plant growing medium. Solids are separated from liquids in the sludge and dried. The solids may be dried to produce a flake or pellet. Ammonia in the liquids is recovered and used to produce a concentrated acidic ammonium salt solution. This solution may be mixed with the solids to produce a nitrogen enhanced solid. The fibers and solids or liquids can also be used in combination to produce an enhanced plant growing medium. A device and process for removing ammonia from a liquid can be used in the system or separately.

Abstract: A submerged combustion melter includes a floor, a roof, and a sidewall structure connecting the floor and roof defining an internal space. A first portion of the internal space defines a melting zone, and a second portion defines a fining zone immediately downstream of the melting zone. One or more combustion burners in either the floor, roof, the sidewall structure, or any combination of these, are configured to emit the combustion gases from a position under a level of, and positioned to transfer heat to and produce, a turbulent molten mass of glass containing bubbles in the melting zone. The fining zone is devoid of combustion burners or other apparatus or components that would increase turbulence above that in the melting zone. The melter may include a treating zone that stabilizes or destabilizes bubbles and/or foam. Processes of using the melters are a feature of the disclosure.

Abstract: A device for the gravity-bending of a glass sheet, includes a longitudinal roughing mold including two longitudinal roughing supports, and a finishing frame including two lateral finishing supports and two longitudinal finishing supports, the supports forming shaping rails. The distance between middles of the longitudinal finishing supports is shorter than that between middles of the lateral finishing supports. The roughing mold and finishing frame are movable vertically relative to each other during bending to switch from a rough-bending to a final-bending configuration. In the rough-bending configuration, the shaping rails of the longitudinal roughing supports are higher up than those of the longitudinal finishing support. In the final-bending configuration, the shaping rails of the longitudinal finishing supports are higher up than those of the longitudinal roughing supports.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for stabilizing the position of a sheet-like element made of hard brittle material during transportation thereof along a transport path is provided in which the element is guided through a roller chicane having three rollers.

Abstract: An optical fiber with low fictive temperature along with a system and method for making the optical fiber are provided. The system includes a reheating stage that heats the fiber along the process pathway to a temperature sufficient to lower the fictive temperature of the fiber by relaxing the glass structure and/or driving the glass toward a more nearly equilibrium state. The fiber is drawn from a preform, conveyed along a process pathway, cooled and subsequently reheated to increase the time of exposure of the fiber to temperatures conducive to lowering the fictive temperature of the fiber. The process pathway may include multiple reheating stages as well as one or more fiber-turning devices.

Abstract: A method includes forming a glass article. The glass article includes a core and a clad adjacent to the core. The core includes a first glass composition. The clad includes a second glass composition different than the first glass composition. A degradation rate of the second glass composition in a reagent is greater than a degradation rate of the first glass composition in the reagent.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an accelerator for hydraulic binding agents, comprising at least one phosphoric acid ester of a multivalent alcohol and at least one calcium compound. The accelerator according to the invention is capable of producing a very fast-curing mortar or concrete composition which has a high early strength and, nevertheless, very favourable processing properties and thus allows early dismantling or early loading and does not cause any losses in the final strength.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a polycarbonic acid-based cement dispersant, a method for preparing the same, and a mortar-concrete admixture using the polycarbonic acid-based cement dispersant. The cement dispersant of the present invention and the mortar-concrete admixture using the cement dispersant are applied to a cement composition such as a cement paste, mortar, concrete, etc., enhance a dispersion and retention force between cement molecules, have excellent fluidity due to the suppression of slump loss, and have an effect of improving workability, such as shortening a concrete mixing time by 20% or more. Further, the mortar-concrete admixture using the cement dispersant of the present invention has an effect of providing a very good concrete condition and an appropriate compressive strength over time.

Abstract: A system and method for applying a construction material is provided. The method may include mixing blast furnace slag material, geopolymer material, alkali-based powder, and sand at a batching and mixing device to generate a non-Portland cement-based material. The method may also include transporting the non-Portland cement-based material from the mixing device, through a conduit to a nozzle and combining the transported non-Portland cement-based material with liquid at the nozzle to generate a partially liquefied non-Portland cement-based material. The method may further include pneumatically applying the partially liquefied non-Portland cement-based material to a surface.

Abstract: A building product is made from granular material and a binder that includes steel slag. A process for making the building product includes combining the granular material and the binder and then curing the combined granular material and binder with carbon dioxide. A building material includes a mixture of steel slag and a silica-rich material. The steel slag and silica-rich material is treated by heating. The silica-rich material may be waste glass and/or fly ash. A process for making the building material includes mixing the steel slag and silica-rich material and further heating the mixture.