Abstract: A gate pad is disposed on a semiconductor layer composed of an n+ type substrate, an n? type epitaxial layer, and a p? type body layer. The gate pad is disposed at the center portion of the semiconductor layer as viewed in plan. A plurality of unit cells that compose a trench type MOSFET element are provided in the semiconductor layer. The plurality of unit cells are arranged in the radial direction about the gate pad as viewed in plan. A gate electrode of a unit cell (center-side unit cell) that is proximate to the gate pad is electrically connected to the gate pad. Gate electrodes of unit cells that are adjacent to each other in the radial direction are connected to each other.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method in accordance with some embodiments. The method includes forming a recess in a source/drain region of a semiconductor substrate, wherein the semiconductor substrate is formed of a first semiconductor material. The method further includes epitaxially growing a second semiconductor material within the recess to form a S/D feature in the recess, and removing a portion of the S/D feature to form a v-shaped valley extending into the S/D feature.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a substrate, an active fin protruding from the substrate, and an asymmetric diamond-shaped source/drain disposed on an upper surface of the active fin. The source/drain includes a first crystal growth portion and a second crystal growth portion sharing a plane with the first crystal growth portion and having a lower surface disposed at a lower level than a lower surface of the first crystal growth portion.

Abstract: Fin stacks including a silicon germanium alloy portion and a silicon portion are formed on a surface of a substrate. Sacrificial gate structures are then formed straddling each fin stack. Silicon germanium alloy portions that are exposed are oxidized, while silicon germanium alloy portions that are covered by the sacrificial gate structures are not oxidized. A dielectric material having a topmost surface that is coplanar with a topmost surface of each sacrificial gate structure is formed, and thereafter each sacrificial gate structure is removed. Non-oxidized silicon germanium alloy portions are removed suspending silicon portions that were present on each non-oxidized silicon germanium alloy portion. A functional gate structure is then formed around each suspended silicon portion. The oxidized silicon germanium alloy portions remain and provide stress to a channel portion of the suspended silicon portions.

Abstract: A vertically integrated circuit device can include a substrate having a first region reserved for first functional circuits of the vertically integrated circuit device, where the first functional circuits has a substantially constant top surface level across the first region and having a second region reserved for second functional circuits of the vertically integrated circuit device and spaced apart from the first region. The second functional circuits can have a varied top surface level across the second region. A doped oxidation suppressing material can be included in the substrate and can extend from the first region to the second region at an interface of the substrate with the first functional circuits and the second functional circuits, respectively.

Abstract: A non-planar lateral drift MOS device eliminates the need for a field plate extension, which reduces gate width. In one example, two sources and two comparatively small gates in a raised structure allow for two channels and a dual current with mirrored flows, each traveling into and downward through a center region of a connecting well that connects the substrate with the drain areas and shallow wells containing the source areas, the current then traveling in opposite directions within the substrate region of the connecting well toward the two drains. The source and drain areas may be separate raised structures or isolated areas of a continuous raised structure.

Abstract: Graphene is used as an interfacial layer to grow Si and other semiconductors or crystalline materials including two-dimensional Si and other structures on any foreign substrate that can withstand the growth temperature without the limitation matching condition typically required for epitaxial growth.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a first transistor having a first conductivity type SiC layer, a second conductivity type SiC well region, a first conductivity type SiC first source region, a first conductivity type SiC first drain region, and a first gate electrode provided on the well region sandwiched between the first source region and the first drain region. The device includes a second transistor having a second conductivity type SiC second source region, a second conductivity type SiC second drain region provided on the SiC layer, and a second gate electrode provided on the SiC layer sandwiched between the second source region and the second drain region. There is an angle between a direction of a channel forming portion of first transistor and that of the second transistor. The device includes an element isolation region having a bottom positioned in the SiC layer.

Abstract: A semiconductor device of an embodiment includes a p-type SiC layer; a SiC region provided on the p-type SiC layer and containing H (hydrogen) or D (deuterium) in an amount of 1×1018 cm?3 or more and 1×1022 cm?3 or less; and a metal layer provided on the SiC region.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a semiconductor region made of a material to which conductive impurities are added, an insulating film formed on a surface of the semiconductor region, and an electroconductive gate electrode formed on the insulating film. The gate electrode is made of a material whose Fermi level is closer to a Fermi level of the semiconductor region than a Fermi level of Si in at least a portion contiguous to the insulating film.

Abstract: A hetero-integrated device includes a monocrystalline Si substrate and a trench formed in the substrate to expose a crystal surface at a bottom of the trench. Sidewall dielectric spacers are formed on sidewalls of the trench, and a III-V material layer is formed on the crystal surface at the bottom of the trench and is isolated from the sidewalls of the trench by the sidewall dielectric spacers.

Abstract: An embodiment of the invention provides a thin-film transistor substrate, including: a substrate; a gate electrode disposed on the substrate; a gate insulating layer disposed on the substrate and covering the gate electrode; an active layer disposed on the gate insulating layer and above the gate electrode, wherein the active layer includes a metal oxide; a source electrode disposed on and electrically connecting to the active layer; a first insulating layer covering the source electrode; and a drain electrode disposed on and electrically connecting to the active layer, wherein the drain electrode includes a metal oxide layer.

Abstract: A transistor includes an isolation region surrounding an active region. The transistor also includes a gate dielectric layer over a portion of the active region. The transistor further includes a gate electrode over the gate dielectric layer. The portion of the active region under the gate dielectric layer includes a channel region between a drain region and a source region, and at least one wing region adjoining the channel region. The at least one wing region has a base edge adjoining the channel region. The at least one wing region is polygonal or curved.

Abstract: Methods of forming a semiconductor device are provided. A method of forming a semiconductor device includes forming a metal layer on source/drain regions of respective semiconductor structures, after replacing a dummy gate structure of the semiconductor device with a metal gate structure. The method includes forming a contact structure that overlaps the metal layer on one or more, but not all, of the semiconductor structures. Moreover, an insulating material is between the source/drain regions.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a gate stack overlying a substrate. The semiconductor device further includes a spacer on sidewalls of the gate stack, where a top surface of the spacer is above a top surface of the gate stack. Additionally, the semiconductor device includes a protection layer overlying the gate stack and filling at least a portion of a space surrounded by the spacer above the top surface of the gate stack. Furthermore, the semiconductor device includes a contact hole over the spacer, where the contact hole extends over the gate stack, and where a sidewall of the contact hole has a step-wise shape.

Abstract: A method for fabricating a semiconductor device includes: forming isolation layers and active regions in a substrate, wherein each of the active regions is formed between the isolation layers; forming a silicide layer in each of the active regions; forming trenches and silicide layer patterns simultaneously by etching the silicide layer and each of the active regions, wherein each of the trenches is located between the silicide layer patterns; forming a buried gate in each of the trenches; forming an inter-layer dielectric layer that covers the buried gate and the silicide layer patterns; and forming a first opening that exposes one silicide layer pattern among the silicide layer patterns by selectively etching the inter-layer dielectric layer, wherein the silicide layer patterns are formed before the buried gate is formed.

Abstract: A semiconductor device of the present invention includes a semiconductor layer of a first conductivity type having a cell portion and an outer peripheral portion disposed around the cell portion, and a surface insulating film disposed in a manner extending across the cell portion and the outer peripheral portion, and in the cell portion, formed to be thinner than a part in the outer peripheral portion.

Abstract: A transistor includes: a source region and a drain region that are formed in a substrate to be spaced apart from each other; a trench formed in the substrate between the source region and the drain region; and a buried gate electrode inside the trench, wherein the buried gate electrode includes: a lower buried portion which includes a high work-function barrier layer including an aluminum-containing titanium nitride, and a first low-resistivity layer disposed over the high work-function barrier layer; and an upper buried portion which includes a low work-function barrier layer disposed over the lower buried portion and overlapping with the source region and the drain region, and a second low-resistivity layer disposed over the low work-function barrier layer.

Abstract: To provide a transistor in which a channel is formed in an oxide semiconductor and which has stable electrical characteristics. To suppress shift in threshold voltage of a transistor in which a channel is formed in an oxide semiconductor. To provide a normally-off switching element having a positive threshold voltage as an n-channel transistor in which a channel is formed in an oxide semiconductor. A base insulating layer is formed over a substrate, an oxide semiconductor layer is formed over the base insulating layer, a first gate insulating layer is formed over the oxide semiconductor layer, a second gate insulating layer is formed over the first gate insulating layer by a sputtering method or an atomic layer deposition method at a substrate temperature of higher than or equal to 100° C., and a gate electrode layer is formed over the second gate insulating layer.

Abstract: An IGBT has an emitter region, a top body region that is formed below the emitter region, a floating region that is formed below the top body region, a bottom body region that is formed below the floating region, a trench, a gate insulating film that covers an inner face of the trench, and a gate electrode that is arranged inside the trench. When a distribution of a concentration of p-type impurities in the top body region and the floating region, which are located below the emitter region, is viewed along a thickness direction of a semiconductor substrate, the concentration of the p-type impurities decreases as a downward distance increases from an upper end of the top body region that is located below the emitter region, and assumes a local minimum value at a predetermined depth in the floating region.

Abstract: A semiconductor device structure is provided. The semiconductor device structure includes a semiconductor substrate. The semiconductor device structure includes a gate stack positioned over the semiconductor substrate. The gate stack includes a gate dielectric layer and a gate electrode over the gate dielectric layer. The semiconductor device structure includes spacers positioned over first sidewalls of the gate stack. The spacers and the gate stack surround a recess. The semiconductor device structure includes an insulating layer formed over the semiconductor substrate and surrounding the gate stack. The semiconductor device structure includes a cap layer covering the insulating layer, the spacers, and inner walls of the recess.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a semiconductor device. The semiconductor device includes a semiconductor substrate. The semiconductor device includes a gate that is disposed over the substrate. The substrate has a recess. The semiconductor device includes a trench liner that is coated along the recess. The trench liner contains a semiconductor crystal material. The trench liner directly abuts the source/drain stressor device. The semiconductor device also includes a dielectric trench component that is disposed on the trench liner and filling the recess. The semiconductor device includes a source/drain stressor device that is disposed in the substrate. The source/drain stressor device is disposed between the gate and the trench liner.

Abstract: A multi-region (81, 83) lateral-diffused-metal-oxide-semiconductor (LDMOS) device (40) has a semiconductor-on-insulator (SOI) support structure (21) on or over which are formed a substantially symmetrical, laterally internal, first LDMOS region (81) and a substantially asymmetric, laterally edge-proximate, second LDMOS region (83). A deep trench isolation (DTI) wall (60) substantially laterally terminates the laterally edge-proximate second LDMOS region (83). Electric field enhancement and lower source-drain breakdown voltages (BVDSS) exhibited by the laterally edge-proximate second LDMOS region (83) associated with the DTI wall (60) are avoided by providing a doped SC buried layer region (86) in the SOI support structure (21) proximate the DTI wall (60), underlying a portion of the laterally edge-proximate second LDMOS region (83) and of opposite conductivity type than a drain region (31) of the laterally edge-proximate second LDMOS region (83).

Abstract: There is provided an electronic device including at least a first electrode, a second electrode disposed to be spaced apart from the first electrode, and an active layer disposed over the second electrode from above the first electrode and formed of an organic semiconductor material. A charge injection layer is formed between the first electrode and the active layer and between the second electrode and the active layer, and the charge injection layer is formed of an organic material having an increased electric conductivity when the charge injection layer is oxidized.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a substantially planar electronic device is disclosed. The method employs a resist having three different thicknesses used for defining different structures in a single masking step. Exemplary structures are substantially planar transistors having side-gates and diodes.

Abstract: A FinFET device and method for fabricating a FinFET device is disclosed. An exemplary FinFET device includes a semiconductor substrate; a fin structure disposed over the semiconductor substrate; and a gate structure disposed over a portion of the fin structure. The gate structure traverses the fin structure and separates a source region and a drain region of the fin structure, the source and drain region defining a channel therebetween. The source and drain region of the fin structure include a strained source and drain feature. The strained source feature and the strained drain feature each include: a first portion having a first width and a first depth; and a second portion disposed below the first portion, the second portion having a second width and a second depth. The first width is greater than the second width, and the first depth is less than the second depth.

Abstract: A method comprises forming one or more fins in a first region on an insulated substrate. The method also comprises forming one or more fins formed in a second region on the insulated substrate. The insulated substrate comprising a silicon substrate, and an insulator layer deposited on the silicon substrate. The one or more fins in the first region comprising a first material layer deposited on the insulator layer. The one or more fins in the second region comprising a second material layer deposited on the insulator layer.

Abstract: A process for fabricating a fin-type field effect transistor (FinFET) structure is described. A semiconductor substrate is patterned to form a fin. A spacer is formed on the sidewall of the fin. A portion of the fin is removed, such that the spacer and the surface of the remaining fin together define a cavity. A piece of a semiconductor compound is formed from the cavity, wherein the upper portion of the piece of the semiconductor compound laterally extends over the spacer.

Abstract: A hydrogen barrier layer is selectively provided over an oxide semiconductor layer including hydrogen and hydrogen is selectively desorbed from a given region in the oxide semiconductor layer by conducting oxidation treatment, so that regions with different conductivities are formed in the oxide semiconductor layer. After that, a channel formation region, a source region, and a drain region can be formed with the use of the regions with different conductivities formed in the oxide semiconductor layer.

Abstract: Disclosed is a semiconductor device including an oxide semiconductor film. A first oxide semiconductor film with a thickness of greater than or equal to 2 nm and less than or equal to 15 nm is formed over a gate insulating layer. First heat treatment is performed so that crystal growth from a surface of the first oxide semiconductor film to the inside thereof is caused, whereby a first crystal layer is formed. A second oxide semiconductor film with a thickness greater than that of the first oxide semiconductor film is formed over the first crystal layer. Second heat treatment is performed so that crystal growth from the first crystal layer to a surface of the second oxide semiconductor film is caused, whereby a second crystal layer is formed. Further, oxygen doping treatment is performed on the second crystal layer.

Abstract: As a display device has a higher definition, the number of pixels, gate lines, and signal lines are increased. When the number of the gate lines and the signal lines are increased, a problem of higher manufacturing cost, because it is difficult to mount an IC chip including a driver circuit for driving of the gate and signal lines by bonding or the like. A pixel portion and a driver circuit for driving the pixel portion are provided over the same substrate, and at least part of the driver circuit includes a thin film transistor using an oxide semiconductor interposed between gate electrodes provided above and below the oxide semiconductor. Therefore, when the pixel portion and the driver portion are provided over the same substrate, manufacturing cost can be reduced.

Abstract: An electronic device and a method of fabricating an electronic device are disclosed. The device includes a body of semiconductor material, and a conductive material defining at least three conducting contacts to form respective terminals. The semiconductor material and the conducting contacts overlap at least partially to define the device, so that the electrical characteristics of the device between any pair of terminals correspond to those of a varistor. The body of semiconductor material may be a layer deposited by printing or coating. The varistor characteristics between each pair of terminals enable switching of an electrical current between one terminal and any two other terminals in such a manner that when there is a positive current into a first terminal, there is a negligible current through a second terminal at which a positive potential is applied and a positive current out of a third terminal which is held at a negative potential with respect to the second terminal.

Abstract: A bipolar junction transistor (BJT), which includes a collector layer, a base layer on the collector layer, an emitter layer on the base layer, and a recess region embedded in the collector layer, is disclosed. A base-collector plane is between the base layer and the collector layer. The recess region is may be below the base-collector plane. Further, the recess region and the base layer are a first type of semiconductor material. By embedding the recess region in the collector layer, the recess region and the collector layer form a first P-N junction, which may provide a point of avalanche for the BJT. Further, the collector layer and the base layer form a second P-N junction. By separating the point of avalanche from the second P-N junction, the BJT may avalanche robustly, thereby reducing the likelihood of avalanche induced failures, particularly in silicon carbide (SiC) BJTs.

Abstract: An approach for heat dissipation in integrated circuit devices is provided. A method includes forming an isolation layer on an electrically conductive feature of an integrated circuit device. The method also includes forming an electrically conductive layer on the isolation layer. The method additionally includes forming a plurality of nanowire structures on a surface of the electrically conductive layer.

Abstract: A method includes biasing a first gate voltage to enable unipolar current to flow from a first region of a transistor to a second region of the transistor according to a field-effect transistor (FET)-type operation. The method also includes biasing a body terminal to enable bipolar current to flow from the first region to the second region according to a bipolar junction transistor (BJT)-type operation. The unipolar current flows concurrently with the bipolar current to provide dual mode digital and analog device in complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology.

Abstract: A high-electron mobility transistor (HEMT) device employing a gate protection layer is provided. A substrate has a channel layer arranged over the substrate and has a barrier layer arranged over the channel layer. The channel and barrier layers define a heterojunction, and a gate structure is arranged over a gate region of the barrier layer. The gate structure includes a gate arranged over a cap, where the cap is disposed on the barrier layer. The gate protection layer is arranged along sidewalls of the cap and arranged below the gate between opposing surfaces of the gate and the cap. Advantageously, the gate protection layer passivates the gate, reduces leakage current along sidewalls of the cap, and improves device reliability and threshold voltage uniformity. A method for manufacturing the HEMT device is also provided.

Abstract: Characteristics of a semiconductor device are improved. A semiconductor device includes a potential fixing layer, a channel underlayer, a channel layer, and a barrier layer formed above a substrate, a trench that penetrates the barrier layer and reaches as far as a middle of the channel layer, a gate electrode disposed by way of an insulation film in the trench, and a source electrode and a drain electrode formed respectively over the barrier layer on both sides of the gate electrode. A coupling portion inside the through hole that reaches as far as the potential fixing layer electrically couples the potential fixing layer and the source electrode. This can reduce fluctuation of the characteristics such as a threshold voltage and an on-resistance.

Abstract: A HEMT device comprising a M-plane III-Nitride material substrate, a p-doped epitaxial layer of III-Nitride material grown on said substrate; a recess etched in said p-doped epitaxial layer, the recess having a plane wall parallel to a polar plane of the III-Nitride material; a carrier carrying layer formed on said plane wall of the recess; a carrier supply layer formed on said at least one carrier carrying layer, such that a 2DEG region is formed in the carrier carrying layer at the interface with the carrier supply layer along said plane wall of the recess; a doped source region formed at the surface of said p-doped epitaxial layer such that the doped source region is separated from said 2DEG region by a channel region; a gate insulating layer formed on the channel region; and a gate contact layer formed on the gate insulating layer.

Abstract: A lateral/vertical device is provided. The device includes a device structure including a device channel having a lateral portion and a vertical portion. The lateral portion of the device channel can be located adjacent to a first surface of the device structure, and one or more contacts and/or a gate can be formed on the first surface. The device structure also includes a set of insulating layers located in the device structure between the lateral portion of the device channel and a second surface of the device structure opposite the first surface. An opening in the set of insulating layers defines a transition region between the lateral portion of the device channel and a vertical portion of the device channel. A contact to the vertical portion of the device channel can be located on the second surface.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes MOSFET cells having a drift region of a first conductivity type. A first and second active area trench are in the drift region. A split gate uses the active trenches as field plates or includes planar gates between the active trenches including a MOS gate electrode (MOS gate) and a diode gate electrode (diode gate). A body region of the second conductivity type in the drift region abutts the active trenches. A source of the first conductivity type in the body region includes a first source portion proximate to the MOS gate and a second source portion proximate to the diode gate. A vertical drift region uses the drift region below the body region to provide a drain. A connector shorts the diode gate to the second source portion to provide an integrated channel diode. The MOS gate is electrically isolated from the first source portion.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a transistor includes a pillar of semiconductor material arranged in a racetrack-shaped layout having a substantially linear section that extends in a first lateral direction and rounded sections at each end of the substantially linear section. First and second dielectric regions are disposed on opposite sides of the pillar. First and second field plates are respectively disposed in the first and second dielectric regions. First and second gate members respectively disposed in the first and second dielectric regions are separated from the pillar by a gate oxide having a first thickness in the substantially linear section. The gate oxide being substantially thicker at the rounded sections. It is emphasized that this abstract is provided to comply with the rules requiring an abstract that will allow a searcher or other reader to quickly ascertain the subject matter of the technical disclosure.

Abstract: A device includes a semiconductor substrate, a first constituent transistor including a first plurality of transistor structures in the semiconductor substrate connected in parallel with one another, and a second constituent transistor including a second plurality of transistor structures in the semiconductor substrate connected in parallel with one another. The first and second constituent transistors are disposed laterally adjacent to one another and connected in parallel with one another. Each transistor structure of the first plurality of transistor structures has a lower resistance in a saturation region of operation than each transistor structure of the second plurality of transistor structures.

Abstract: A method of forming an integrated DMOS transistor/EEPROM cell includes forming a first mask over a substrate, forming a drift implant in the substrate using the first mask to align the drift implant, simultaneously forming a first floating gate over the drift implant, and a second floating gate spaced apart from the drift implant, forming a second mask covering the second floating gate and covering a portion of the first floating gate, forming a base implant in the substrate using an edge of the first floating gate to self-align the base implant region, and simultaneously forming a first control gate over the first floating gate and a second control gate over the second floating gate. The first floating gate, first control gate, drift implant, and base implant form components of the DMOS transistor, and the second floating gate and second control gate form components of the EEPROM cell.

Abstract: Power Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistors (MOSFETs) and methods of forming the same are provided. A power MOSFET may comprise a first drift region formed at a side of a gate electrode, and a second drift region beneath the gate electrode, adjacent to the first drift region, with a depth less than a depth of the first drift region so that the first drift region and the second drift region together form a stepwise shape. A sum of a depth of the second drift region, a depth of the gate dielectric, and a depth of the gate electrode may be of substantially a same value as a depth of the first drift region. The first drift region and the second drift region may be formed at the same time, using the gate electrode as a part of the implanting mask.

Abstract: In a particular embodiment, an apparatus includes an electron tunnel structure. The electron tunnel structure includes a tunneling layer, a channel layer, a source layer, and a drain layer. The tunneling layer and the channel layer are positioned between the source layer and the drain layer. The transistor device further includes a high-k dielectric layer adjacent to the electron tunnel structure.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a fin-shaped semiconductor layer on a semiconductor substrate and that extends in a first direction with a first insulating film around the fin-shaped semiconductor layer. A pillar-shaped semiconductor layer resides on the fin-shaped semiconductor layer. A width of the bottom of the pillar-shaped semiconductor layer is equal to a width of the top of the fin-shaped semiconductor layer. A gate insulating film is around the pillar-shaped semiconductor layer and a metal gate electrode is around the gate insulating film. A metal gate line is connected to the metal gate electrode, and a nitride film is on an entire top surface of the metal gate electrode and the metal gate line, except at a bottom of a contact.

Abstract: An integrated circuit structure include a semiconductor substrate, a gate stack over the semiconductor substrate, and an opening extending into the semiconductor substrate, wherein the opening is adjacent to the gate stack. A silicon germanium region is disposed in the opening, wherein the silicon germanium region has a first p-type impurity concentration. A silicon cap substantially free from germanium is overlying the silicon germanium region. The silicon cap has a second p-type impurity concentration greater than the first p-type impurity concentration.

Abstract: A method for forming transistors includes providing a substrate having at least a dummy gate structure having at least dummy gate layer; forming a first dielectric layer on the substrate; thinning the first dielectric layer with a pre-determined depth to cause a top surface of the dielectric layer to be lower than a top surface of the dummy gate structure and expose top portions of side surfaces of the dummy gate structure; forming a stress layer on the exposed portions of the side surfaces of the dummy gate structure; forming a second dielectric layer on the thinned first dielectric layer; removing the dummy gate layer to form an opening with an enlarged top size caused by releasing stress in the stress layer previously formed on the exposed portions of the side surfaces of the dummy gate structure; and forming a gate electrode layer in the opening.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes at least one semiconductor fin on an upper surface of a semiconductor substrate. The semiconductor fin includes a channel region formed of a first semiconductor material interposed between opposing embedded source/drain regions formed of a second semiconductor material different from the first semiconductor material. At least one gate stack is formed on the upper surface of the semiconductor substrate and wraps around the channel region. The embedded source/drain regions have a symmetrical shape and a uniform embedded interface.

Abstract: A semiconductor device including a channel region formed in a semiconductor substrate; a source region formed on one side of the channel region; a drain region formed on the other side of the channel region; a gate electrode formed on the channel region with a gate insulating film therebetween; and a stress-introducing layer that applies stress to the channel region, the semiconductor device having a stress distribution in which source region-side and drain region-side peaks are positioned between a pn junction boundary of the channel region and the source region and a pn junction boundary of the channel region and the drain region.