Abstract: In accordance with an embodiment, a method of testing an integrated circuit, includes receiving a supply voltage on the integrated circuit via a first input pin, providing power to circuits disposed on the integrated circuit via the first input pin, comparing the supply voltage to an internally generated voltage, generating a digital output value based on the comparing, and applying the digital output value to a pin of the integrated circuit.

Abstract: An apparatus for detecting difference in operating characteristics of a main circuit by using a replica circuit is presented. In one exemplary case, a sensed difference in operating characteristics of the two circuits is used to drive a tuning control loop to minimize the sensed difference. In another exemplary case, several replica circuits of the main circuit are used, where each is isolated from one or more operating variables that affect the operating characteristic of the main circuit. Each replica circuit can be used for sensing a different operating characteristic, or, two replica circuits can be combined to sense a same operating characteristic.

Abstract: A sensor for on-chip monitoring the effects of operating conditions on a circuit, Integrated Circuit (IC) chips including the sensors, and a method of monitoring operating condition effects on-chip circuits, e.g., for the occurrence of electromigration. The sensor includes a multi-fingered driver associated with a monitored circuit, sensitive to known circuit parameter sensitivities. Sense and control logic circuit selectively driving the multi-fingered driver, and selectively monitoring for an expected multi-fingered driver response.

Abstract: An electrical contactor of this invention includes: a first plunger to contact one member, the first plunger including a tip portion formed into a plurality of chevron shapes; a second plunger to contact a counterpart member, the second plunger working in cooperation with the first plunger to form electrical conduction between the one member and the counterpart member; and a spring part to couple the tip portion of the first plunger and a tip portion of the second plunger while the tip portion of the first plunger and the tip portion of the second plunger are pointed in opposite directions. The spring part covers an outer periphery of a part where the first plunger and the second plunger are coupled and supports the first plunger and the second plunger in a manner that allows the first plunger and the second plunger to slide relative to each other.

Abstract: Probe systems and methods for automatically maintaining alignment between a probe and a device under test (DUT) during a temperature change. The methods include collecting an initial image of a planar offset fiducial and determining an initial height reference of a height offset fiducial. The methods further include changing a temperature of the DUT, automatically maintaining a planar alignment between a probe and the DUT during the changing, and automatically maintaining a height alignment between the probe and the BUT during the changing. The probe systems include a chuck, which defines a support surface configured to support a substrate that includes the DUT, and a probe head assembly, which includes a probe configured to contact a corresponding contact pad of the DUT. The probe systems further include a substrate thermal module, which is configured to regulate a temperature of the DUT, and a controller programmed to execute the methods.

Abstract: Provided is a prober capable of suppressing the increase in installation area and the increase in device cost, and also improving the throughput, while maintaining the accuracy of the moving position of an alignment device shared by each of measuring units. The prober includes: a plurality of measuring units, each of which has a probe card electrically connected to a test head; a wafer chuck that holds a wafer in which a plurality of chips are formed; an alignment device which performs relative alignment between the probe card and the wafer held by the wafer chuck; a moving device which moves the alignment device among the measuring units; and a positioning and fixing device which is provided for every of the measuring units, and positions and fixes the alignment device which is moved to each of the measuring units.

Abstract: An IC includes an IEEE 1149.1 standard test access port (TAP) interface and an additional Off-Chip TAP interface. The Off-Chip TAP interface connects to the TAP of another IC. The Off Chip TAP interface can be selected by a TAP Linking Module on the IC.

Abstract: This disclosure describes a reduced pin bus that can be used on integrated circuits or embedded cores within integrated circuits. The bus may be used for serial access to circuits where the availability of pins on ICs or terminals on cores is limited. The bus may be used for a variety of serial communication operations such as, but not limited to, serial communication related test, emulation, debug, and/or trace operations of an IC or core design. Other aspects of the disclosure include the use of reduced pin buses for emulation, debug, and trace operations and for functional operations. In a fifth aspect of the present disclosure, an interface select circuit, FIGS. 41-49, provides for selectively using either the 5 signal interface of FIG. 41 or the 3 signal interface of FIG. 8.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a stacked memory device including a base die and a plurality of core dies stacked using a plurality of through-chip electrodes. Each of the core dies may include a plurality of input pads capable of receiving addresses externally in a wafer-level test mode; a control signal generation unit capable of decoding the addresses received through the input pads to generate a first control signal; an address generation unit capable of generating a first address based on the addresses received through the input pads; and a signal selection unit capable of selecting one of the first control signal and a second control signal received from the base die through a corresponding through-chip electrode to output a global control signal, and selecting one of the first address and a second address received from the base die through a corresponding through-chip electrode to output a global address.

Abstract: An integrated circuit operable in a scan mode includes a scan chain formed by cascaded flip-flop cells. Each flip-flop cell includes a master latch that receives a first data signal and generates a first latch signal, a slave latch that receives the first latch signal and generates a second latch signal, and a multiplexer having first and second inputs respectively connected to the master and slave latches for receiving a first input signal and the second latch signal, and generating a scan data output signal depending on a trig signal. The first input signal is one of the first data signal and the first latch signal. The clock signal provided to the slave latch is gated by the trig signal.

Abstract: A system for scanning a circuit includes flip-flops and latches includes a multiplexer to couple an output of a flip-flop with an input of a latch. The multiplexer has an input receiving an input signal for the latch and another input coupled with output of the flip-flop. The system further another multiplexer to couple output of the first multiplexer with an input of another flip-flop. The system also includes scan logic for controlling multiplexers to load test data into the flip-flop and into the latch from the flip-flop. The system also includes scan logic for passing output of the flip-flop and the latch into portions of the circuit to be tested.

Abstract: A system for verifying operation of a contact includes a voltage source connected to a first terminal of the contact through a first switch; a second switch connected to a second terminal of the contact; a third switch connected to the second terminal of the contact; a voltage output connected to the second switch and the third switch; and a controller to compare the voltage output to a first voltage and a second voltage; wherein the voltage output indicates operation of the contact in response to status of the first switch, the switch and the third switch.

Abstract: A tester for a default mode of operation of an alternator is provided. The tester includes an internal memory having computer executable instructions and a processor coupled to the internal memory and to an alternator via a communication bus. The processor is configured to execute the computer executable instructions in the internal memory to provide at least one parameter associated with a vehicle to the alternator simulated as a communication signal over the communication bus, detect an absence of the communication signal at the alternator, test, upon detecting the absence of the communication signal, whether or not the alternator enters a default mode of operation, the default mode being indicated by a preset output voltage uniquely associated with the default mode and monitored by the processor, and indicate whether the alternator entered the default mode successfully.

Abstract: An integrated high and low voltage ride through test system, comprising a primary system and a secondary system; the secondary system controls the primary system to realize information interaction, and is connected to a power grid and a wind generation set via an inlet wire switch cabinet and an outlet wire switch cabinet of the primary system; the integrated high and low voltage ride through test system actually simulates voltage drop and rise characteristics in a power grid failure, ensures that when generating a low voltage and a high voltage, the change of a voltage phase angle and power quality are consistent with actual power grid failure characteristics, and enables coherent low voltage and high voltage ride through capacity testing on the wind generation set in a primary test process.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for determining the electric resistances of coil connections (RSi) of connections (1-12) of coils (Bi) of a winding (102) of a dynamo electric machine, which includes a plurality of coils (Bi) connected in series. A first current (I1) is generated through a first coil connection (1) of a first coil (B1) of the winding (102). Furthermore, a second current (I2) is generated through a first coil connection (3, 7) of a second coil (B2, B6) of the winding in such a way as to eliminate the current flowing through a portion (B8-B11) of the winding, which is proximate to the first coil connection (1) of the first coil (B1) and the first coil connection (3,7) of the second coil (B2, B6). A third current (13) is also generated in a second coil connection (2) of the first coil (B1). The generating of the first current (I1), the generating of the second current (I2), and the generating of the third current (I3) are made with respect to a common potential (13).

Abstract: A system for tracking the capacity of a battery in a portable electronic device is described. While the portable electronic device remains plugged in to a power adapter, the system estimates the capacity of the battery by performing the following operations. The system measures a first open-circuit voltage for the battery while the battery rests at a first state of charge. Next, the system causes the battery to transition to a second state of charge. While the battery transitions to the second state of charge, the system integrates a current through the battery to determine a net change in charge for the battery. Next, the system measures a second open-circuit voltage for the battery while the battery rests at the second state of charge. Finally, the system estimates a capacity for the battery based on the first open-circuit voltage, the second open-circuit voltage and the net change in charge. This capacity measurement is repeated and the multiple results are fit to a line.

Abstract: A system for assuring safe use of a battery pack includes a display unit and a state of health (SoH) monitor connected to the battery pack, the SoH monitor.

Abstract: The method for determining a set of characteristic operating points defining the energy behavior of a predetermined battery equipped with a plurality of unit includes (E1) determining a set of initial operating points associated with a calibration unit cell of the type intended to make up the predetermined battery and representative of the energy behavior of the calibration unit cell; (E2) determining a set of intermediate operating points forming a subset of the set of initial operating; points; and (E3) determining the set of characteristic operating points through implementing tests carried out on at least one calibration battery representative of the predetermined battery, each test determining a characteristic operating point by using data arising from one of said intermediate operating points.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of dynamically extracting entropy of battery. At every measurement of a SOC of a battery estimated in a BMS, a temperature of the battery is measured and an OCV of the battery is estimated and then stored. Entropy of the current state of the battery can be obtained through calculation using the temperature value and the OCV value newly stored. SOH and SOC of the battery are updated based on the entropy value newly calculated. The conventional BMS estimates SOH through internal resistance of the battery without using the entropy, but the method allows thermodynamically and analytically understanding the internal state of the battery by using the entropy, and conceiving precisely the battery state by monitoring SOH as well as SOS.

Abstract: A degradation state estimating device includes: a Q calculator that receives inputs of the voltage, the current, and the battery temperature of a secondary battery, and calculates a discharge capacity; an OCV calculator that calculates an open-circuit voltage (OCV) value; and an OCV curve estimator that estimates at least one OCV curve. A state-of-charge estimating device includes an SOC estimator that estimates a state of charge (SOC) from the OCV curve and the open-circuit voltage (OCV) value estimated by the degradation state estimating device.

Abstract: A method for estimating an SOC-OCV profile by degradation of a secondary battery according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes individually obtaining an SOC-OCV profile (a first profile) of a cathode of the secondary battery and an SOC-OCV profile (a second profile) of an anode of the secondary battery using a half cell; obtaining a new SOC-OCV profile (a third profile) of the cathode by reflecting a level of degradation (a %) by use of the secondary battery to modify the SOC-OCV profile of the cathode, but setting only an SOC range to be narrow in proportion to the level of degradation while maintaining an OCV range of the cathode as it is; obtaining a new SOC-OCV profile (a fourth profile) of the anode by migrating the SOC-OCV profile of the anode in a horizontal direction taking into account the level of degradation by use of the secondary battery; and obtaining a new SOC-OCV profile (a fifth profile) by determining a subtraction of an OCV value by the SOC-OCV profile of the anode from an O

Abstract: A method and system for diagnosing battery system problems in a vehicle, where the method distinguishes between problems of various battery system components. More particularly, battery connection problems such as loose connections, corroded battery terminals, etc., may be distinguished from battery system problems as a whole. Load related readings that generally reflect the performance of the battery system during a cranking event and one or more non-load related readings may be gathered and used to determine whether there is a battery system problem and whether there is a battery specific problem. If load related readings and/or non-load related readings fail to indicate a battery specific problem, a battery connection problem may be diagnosed.

Abstract: The present invention provides a detection circuit, which comprises a first detection path and a second detection path for detecting the state of a power source under test. A first current is generated on the first detection path according to power source under test; a second current is generated on the second detection path according to the power source under test. The detection circuit generates a detection signal according to the first current and the second current. The detection signal represents the state of the power source under test.

Abstract: The present disclosure pertains to systems and methods for detecting faults in an electric power delivery system. In one embodiment, system may include a data acquisition subsystem configured to receive a plurality of representations of electrical conditions. The system may also include an incremental quantities subsystem configured to calculate an incremental current quantity and an incremental voltage quantity based on the plurality of representations. A fault detection subsystem may be configured to determine a fault type based on the incremental current quantity and the incremental voltage quantity, to select an applicable loop quantity, and to declare a fault based on the applicable loop quantity, the incremental voltage quantity, and the incremental current quantity. A protective action subsystem may implement a protective action based on the declaration of the fault.

Abstract: A method for dynamic noise reduction of magnetic field sensor signals of a magnetic field sensor circuit with a magnetic field sensor and a switching device, wherein the magnetic field sensor provides a sensor signal to a sensor output, and wherein the switching device comprises a signal comparator, a low pass filter and a multiplexer, and wherein the switching device comprises a signal input interconnected with the sensor signal output and a signal output, and wherein the signal comparator has a first input interconnected with the signal input and a second input interconnected with the low pass filter, and a control signal output interconnected with the multiplexer. In a first method step, the sensor signal is compared to the level of a signal of the low pass filter by means of the signal comparator, and the result is compared to a predetermined threshold value.

Abstract: A magnetometer comprising: a sensor formed of diamond material and comprising a plurality of spin centres; a microwave source configured to subject the plurality of spin centres to microwave pulses; a light source configured to subject the plurality of spin centres to light pulses; and a detector configured to detect a fluorescent output signal emitted from the plurality of spin centres, wherein the magnetometer is configured to integrate the fluorescent output signal over a signal averaging time and process the fluorescent output signal such that a standard deviation of the fluorescent output signal decreases with the square root of the signal averaging time over a time period which spans at least two orders of magnitude in the signal averaging time to achieve a standard deviation of less than 100 picotesla.

Abstract: A system for magnetic detection includes a nitrogen vacancy (NV) diamond material comprising a plurality of NV centers, a magnetic field generator that generates a magnetic field that is applied to the NV diamond material, a radio frequency (RF) excitation source that provides RF excitation to the NV diamond material, an optical excitation source that provides optical excitation to the NV diamond material, an optical detector that receives an optical signal emitted by the NV diamond material, and a controller. The controller is configured to compute a total incident magnetic field at the NV diamond material based on the optical signal emitted by the NV diamond material, and drive the magnetic field generator to generate a compensatory magnetic field, the generated compensatory magnetic field being set to offset a shift in the optical signal emitted by the NV diamond material caused by an external magnetic field.

Abstract: A system for magnetic detection includes a nitrogen vacancy (NV) diamond material comprising a plurality of NV centers, a radio frequency (RF) excitation source configured to provide RF excitation to the NV diamond material, an optical excitation source configured to provide optical excitation to the NV diamond material, an optical detector configured to receive an optical signal emitted by the NV diamond material, and a controller. The optical signal is based on hyperfine states of the NV diamond material. The controller is configured to detect a gradient of the optical signal based on the hyperfine states emitted by the NV diamond material.

Abstract: An antenna includes a plurality of superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) arrays on a chip, and a printed circuit board (PCB) formed with a cutout for receiving the chip. The PCB is formed with a set of coplanar transmission lines, and the chip is inserted into the cutout so that each said transmission line connects to a respective SQUID array. A cryogenic system can cool the chip to a temperature that causes a transition to superconductivity for the SQUID arrays. A thermal radome can be placed around the chip, the PCB and the cryogenic system to maintain the temperature. A DC bias can be applied to the SQUID arrays to facilitate RF detection. The SQUID array, chip and CPW transmission lines can cooperate to allow for both detection of said RF energy and conversion of said RF energy to a signal without requiring the use of a conductive antenna dish.

Abstract: A protective cover for an open bore MRI is disclosed. The cover comprises a semi-permeable barrier, MRI shielding, and physical shielding; is at least partially transparent; and it comprises fluid connection means for providing a fluid connection between an inner open bore of said open bore MRI and an environment external to said open bore MRI. A camera operable in a MRI system is disclosed. The camera can be positioned adjacent to an RF shield (e.g., the protective cover) and external to a bore of the MRI system. The camera can generate an image of at least a portion of a patient during operation of the MRI system.

Abstract: Provided is a technique that enables accurate SAR management using power consumption by an object (Pobject) that was calculated based on accurately acquired Q-factors. For this purpose, the present invention calculates Q-factors of each channel of a high-frequency antenna using measurement results of amplitudes of forward waves and reflected waves of each high-frequency signal between three or more different frequencies. An existing SAR monitor in an MRI apparatus is used for the amplitude measurement. Also, the Q-factors are calculated based on a circuit coefficient to be acquired by fitting the measurement results to a predetermined circuit model. Then, the power consumption by an object (Pobject) is calculated using the calculated Q-factors in order to manage the SAR.

Abstract: A probehead of an NMR-MAS apparatus includes a sample which has a rotation axis tilted by an angle ?>0 with respect to the z-axis. The angle ? can be adjusted about a target angle ?target by tilting around a tilt axis. The rotation axis has a fixed angle with respect to the probehead, and the NMR-MAS apparatus tilts at least part of the probehead to adjust the angle ?. The probehead has a support frame with an outer contour K between an upper end and a lower end. For all z between the upper end and the lower end, a cross-section S(z) of the contour K exists parallel to the xy-plane with a width Q(z) in the x-direction. The width Q(z) is smaller at points away from z=0, such that Q(z1)<Q(0) and Q(z2)<Q(0) for z1<0 and z2>0.

Abstract: Example apparatus and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) radio frequency (RF) coils concern controlling current magnitude at different sections in one MRI RF coil. In one embodiment, an MRI RF coil comprises a plurality of loop coils configured to transmit or receive an RF signal. A member of the plurality of loop coils comprises an inductor and at least one capacitor. The MRI RF coil further comprises at least one coaxial transmission line that electrically couple in series a first member of the plurality of loop coils with a second, different member of the plurality of loop coils. The at least one coaxial transmission line has a length that is one-quarter wavelength (?/4) of the RF signal, or an odd integer multiple of ?/4 of the RF signal.

Abstract: Systems and methods for producing a quantitative parameter map using a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system includes providing magnetic resonance fingerprinting (MRF) data acquired with an MRI system from a subject. The MRF data represents a plurality of different signal evolutions acquired using different acquisition parameter settings. The method also includes providing a database comprising a plurality of sub-dictionaries, each sub-dictionary including a plurality of signal templates, sequentially comparing the MRF data to each of the sub-dictionaries to estimate quantitative parameters, and generating a quantitative parameter map of the subject using the estimate quantitative parameters.

Abstract: A method for the simultaneous reception of magnetic resonance signals from two or more slices, a magnetic resonance apparatus, and a computer program product are provided. The method includes exciting first magnetic resonance signals of at least one first slice at a first excitation time. Further magnetic resonance signals of at least one further slice are excited at a further excitation time. The first and the further magnetic resonance signals are received simultaneously at one reception time.

Abstract: In a method and a magnetic resonance imaging system to generate magnetic resonance image data of an object, during the acquisition of magnetic resonance raw data, different transverse magnetizations are excited in multiple sub-volumes to be depicted and used for imaging. These different transverse magnetizations are simultaneously present in at least one time interval of the measurement. Image data are reconstructed from the acquired raw data.

Abstract: The invention is a method for estimating a product of convolution of a measurement function, representing measurements, defined according to first coordinates, with a convolution kernel. The convolution product is estimated at second coordinates, different from said first coordinates. The measurement function represents measurements performed on the basis of a detector, in particular a detector of physical quantities. An exemplary application of the method relates to Magnetic Resonance Imaging, the method allowing a redistributing of measured data, not uniformly distributed, according to a uniform mesh, prior to the application of a fast Fourier transform algorithm.

Abstract: A method for providing magnetic resonance imaging with dynamic contrast and 4D flow of a volume of an object in a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system is provided. Contrast agent is provided to the volume of the object. Magnetic resonance excitation from the MRI system is applied to the volume of the object. The MRI system reads out a subsample of less than 10% of spatially resolved data and velocity encoded data with respect to time. The readout subsample is used to determine both dynamic contrast and 4D flow.

Abstract: A method of performing diffusion basis spectrum imaging (DBSI) within a tissue of a patient using diffusion magnetic resonance data acquired from a portion of the tissue is disclosed. The diffusion magnetic resonance data includes a plurality of diffusion MR signals associated with one voxel and the one voxel represents an image of the portion of the tissue. The method includes computing an isotropic diffusion portion of the diffusion magnetic resonance data representing isotropic diffusion within the one voxel and dividing the isotropic diffusion portion, which includes a fraction of the diffusion magnetic resonance data representing isotropic diffusion, into a restricted isotropic diffusion portion and a non-restricted isotopic diffusion portion. The restricted isotropic diffusion portion includes a fraction of the isotropic diffusion portion with an apparent diffusion coefficient of less than 0.

Abstract: A method to quantify and map iron deposits in the brain with diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is based on the differential sensitivity of mono-polar (MPG) gradient pulse diffusion sequences and bipolar (BPG) sequences on the local magnetic field gradients induced by iron deposits and their cross-term with the diffusion-encoding gradients.

Abstract: Reduction of artifacts caused by inter-shot motion in multi-shot MRI (e.g. DWI). To this end, the invention teaches a magnetic resonance (MR) imaging (MRI) system (100, 1500), including at least one controller (110, 1510) configured to: perform a multi-shot image acquisition process to acquire MR information for at least one multi-shot image set; train a convolution kernel comprising data on at least a portion of the MR information obtained without the use of the gradient or by using a self-training process, the convolution kernel including convolution data; iteratively convolve the MR information obtained with the use of a gradient for at least two of the image shots of the at least one multi-shot image set with the trained convolution kernel; project the synthetic k-space data for the at least two image shots of the at least one multi-shot image set into image space; and average the projected synthetic k-space data that are projected into the image space to form image information.

Abstract: In a magnetic resonance imaging apparatus and a method for generating magnetic resonance image data of a field of view of an examination object, magnetic resonance raw data are acquired by preferably different transverse magnetizations being excited in at least one sub-volume of a navigator volume and at least one sub-volume of an image volume, and are used for position determination and for imaging. These preferably different transverse magnetizations are simultaneously present in at least one period of the scan.

Abstract: Example automatic test equipment (ATE) includes: a test instrument for outputting test signals to test a device under test (DUT), and for receiving response signals based on the test signals; a device interface board (DIB) connected to the test instrument, with the DIB including an application space having a site to which the DUT connects, and with the test signals and the response signals passing through the site; and calibration circuitry in the application space on the DIB. The calibration circuitry includes a communication interface over which communications pass, with the communications comprising control signals to the calibration circuitry and measurement signals from the calibration circuitry. The calibration circuitry also includes non-volatile memory to store calibration data and is controllable, based on the control signals, to pass the test signals from the test instrument to the DUT and to pass the response signals from the DUT to the test instrument.

Abstract: A calibrated measurement circuit, with a first node, a second node, a circuit element coupled between the first node and the second node, and a reference circuit element. The calibrated measurement circuit also comprises circuitry for directing a first current and a second current between the first node and the second node and to the reference circuit element. The calibrated measurement circuit also comprises circuitry for measuring voltage across the circuit element in response to the first and second currents, and circuitry for measuring voltage across the reference circuit element in response to the first and second currents. A calibration factor is also determined for calibrating measured voltages across the circuit element, in response to a relationship between the first voltage, the second voltage, and the reference circuit element.

Abstract: A method of calibrating and debugging a testing system is provided. First, values of different electrical path segments are calibrated, and parameters of the electrical path segments while being calibrated are saved. After calibration, electrical tests can be processed on a DUT. If the testing system malfunctions, the values of the electrical path segments are calibrated again to compare the current parameters to the previously saved parameters. The component which goes wrong can be found out quickly in this way.

Abstract: Disclosed is the estimation of the position of a user device using radio beacons which are operable at a plurality of transmit power levels. The radio beacons may transmit their position and current transmit power level. Estimates of distance between a user device and a radio beacon can take into account both received signal strength and the current transmit power level of the radio beacon. The position of the user device can be estimated taking into account whether a radio beacon can be detected at a given transmit power level. The transmit power level of the radio beacon may vary according to a cycle. The transmit power level of the radio beacon may be changed to facilitate positioning, for example in response to a signal from a user device. A radio beacon changes transmit power level in a cycle. The radio beacon can reduce transmit power level responsive to a signal. The radio beacon may be compatible with Bluetooth short range wireless connectivity standard core specification version 4.0.

Abstract: Systems (100) and methods for determining a location of a tag (310). The methods involve: receiving, at each detector of a plurality of detectors (202-216, 306, 308), a device transmission periodically transmitted from the tag; determining, by the detectors, Received Signal Strength Indictors (“RSSIs”) for the device transmission received thereat; determining, by a computing device (218), a probable location of the tag within the passage, first demarcated area or second demarcated area using the RSSIs and relationships between the RSSIs; determining a first likelihood value indicating the likelihood that the probable location is correct; and determining an estimated location of the tag within the passage, first demarcated area or second demarcated area based on the probable location when the first likelihood value meets a first criteria.

Abstract: A sensor array includes a housing with a circumferential housing wall, which defines a housing opening, with a sensor circuit board with a high-frequency sensor. The sensor circuit board in the housing is arranged such that the high-frequency sensor is directed towards the housing opening. A one-piece closing cap closes the housing. The one-piece closing cap has a circumferential cap wall and a high-frequency lens. The high-frequency lens closes the circumferential cap wall on the front side and is directed towards the housing opening. A distance between the high-frequency lens and the high-frequency sensor and thus a focal length is predefined by a lateral length of the cap wall.

Abstract: Provided is a radar device to generate a plurality of motion hypotheses on a basis of a motion model of a target and to perform motion compensation by calculating a range compensation amount and a phase compensation amount of the target with respect to the sensor on a basis of the motion hypothesis and the motion model.

Abstract: A LIDAR system includes a static monolithic LIDAR transceiver, a collimating optic, and a first rotatable wedge prism. The static monolithic LIDAR transceiver is configured to transmit a laser beam and receive reflected laser light from a first target object. The collimating optic is configured to narrow the transmitted laser beam to produce a collimated laser beam. The first rotatable wedge prism is configured to steer the collimated laser beam in a direction of the first target object based on the first rotatable wedge prism being in a first position.