Abstract: Methods for depositing a nanocrystalline diamond layer are disclosed herein. The method can include delivering a sputter gas to a substrate positioned in a processing region of a first process chamber, the first process chamber having a carbon-containing sputter target, delivering an energy pulse to the sputter gas to create a sputtering plasma, the sputtering plasma having a sputtering duration, the energy pulse having an average power between 1 W/cm2 and 10 W/cm2 and a pulse width which is less than 100 ?s and greater than 30 ?s, the sputtering plasma being controlled by a magnetic field, the magnetic field being less than 300. Gauss, and delivering the sputtering plasma to the sputter target to form an ionized species, the ionized species forming a crystalline carbon-containing layer on the substrate.

Abstract: Arranged in the middle of an upper communication sleeve is a first shutter that is moved back and forth in a horizontal open-close direction to open and close a first communication path that makes the inside of a first bobbin chamber and the inside of a furnace body communicate with each other. Arranged in a middle of a lower communication sleeve is a second shutter that is moved back and forth in a horizontal open-close direction to open and close a second communication path that makes a second bobbin chamber and the inside of the furnace body communicate with each other.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods of treating an article surface. The method comprises removing a metal oxide surface from the metal substrate to expose a metal surface; and delivering particles comprising a dopant from at least one fluid jet to the metal surface to impregnate the surface of the article with the dopant. The method also comprises delivering substantially simultaneously a first set of particles comprising a dopant and a second set of particles comprising an abrasive from at least one fluid jet to a surface of an article to impregnate the surface of the article with the dopant.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a method of making a microstructure on a substrate. A carbon nanotube structure is provided, wherein the carbon nanotube structure includes a number of carbon nanotubes arranged orderly and defines a number of first openings. A carbon nanotube composite is formed by applying a protective layer on the carbon nanotube structure, wherein the carbon nanotube composite structure defines a number of second openings. The carbon nanotube composite structure is placed on a surface of the substrate, wherein parts of the surface are exposed from the number of second openings. The surface of the substrate is dry etched by using the carbon nanotube composite structure as a mask.

Abstract: Provided are an automatic lithium target regenerating apparatus and an automatic lithium target regenerating method, which are equipped with a measurement function of a lithium film thickness of a lithium target, and may automatically regenerate the consumed lithium target by moving a vapor deposition source to the lithium target. An automatic lithium target regenerating apparatus (106) is allowed to automatically regenerate lithium of a lithium target. The automatic lithium target regenerating apparatus (106) includes a lithium vapor deposition unit (1) for vapor-depositing the lithium on the lithium target. The lithium vapor deposition unit (1) is allowed to vapor-deposit the lithium on the lithium target by moving to the lithium target side.

Abstract: Embodiments described herein relate to an apparatus and method for lining a processing region within a chamber. In one embodiment, a modular liner assembly for a substrate processing chamber is provided. The modular liner assembly includes a first liner and a second liner, each of the first liner and second liner comprising an annular body sized to be received in a processing volume of a chamber, and at least a third liner comprising a body that extends through the first liner and the second liner, the third liner having a first end disposed in the process volume and a second end disposed outside of the chamber.

Abstract: A substrate processing apparatus includes a processing vessel configured to process a substrate; a first purging part configured to perform a first purge to supply inert gas at a first flow rate into a substrate container accommodating the substrate; and a second purging part configured to perform a second purge to supply inert gas at a second flow rate into the substrate container, the second flow rate being lower than the first flow rate.

Abstract: An atomic layer deposition apparatus, including: a chamber with an internal volume; a fixture assembly to hold a substrate within the internal volume of the chamber; a plurality of gas injection ports to facilitate the introduction of gas; at least one precursor gas arrangement to introduce precursor gas into the internal volume; and at least one inactive gas dispersion arrangement to introduce inactive gas into the internal volume. The inactive gas dispersion arrangement is in the form of a primary dispersion member configured to concentrically focus the precursor gas towards a surface of the substrate. A modeling system for an atomic layer deposition apparatus is also disclosed.

Abstract: A substrate processing apparatus including a vertical reaction container; an insulating wall formed of an insulating material and including a reaction container accommodation chamber for accommodating the reaction container therein; a heater installed in an inner wall of the reception container reception chamber on the insulating wall; an air circulation channel installed vertically in a sidewall of the insulating wall; a blower for distributing air upward or downward in the air circulation channel; intake valves for communicating the air circulation channel with the air; and exhaust valves for communicating the air circulation channel with an equipment exhaust system. In a temperature elevating process and a temperature lowering process, the intake valves and the exhaust valves are switched.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a semiconductor manufacturing system includes a film forming apparatus configured to form a film on a surface of a wafer. The system further includes a gas supply module configured to supply at least a type of source gas for the film into the film forming apparatus. The system further includes a measurement module configured to measure a discharge amount of an exhaust gas from the film forming apparatus. The system further includes a controller configured to calculate a value corresponding to a surface area of the wafer based on the discharge amount of the exhaust gas from the film forming apparatus, and to control a supply amount of the source gas to the film forming apparatus based on the value corresponding to the surface area of the wafer.

Abstract: A hydrophobization treatment apparatus includes a cooling device which cools a substrate, a light irradiation device which irradiates thermal radiation light from light sources onto front surface of the substrate, a gas supply device which supplies hydrophobization-treatment gas to the substrate, an exhaust device which exhausts the gas, a lifting device which moves the substrate such that the lifting device raises and lowers the substrate between the cooling device and light sources, and a control device which has circuitry to control the light irradiation device, the gas supply device, the exhaust device and the lifting device. The circuitry of the control device executes first gas supply control to discharge and exhaust the gas into and from the space between the gas container and substrate, and after the first control, second gas supply control to discharge and exhaust the gas into and from the space between the gas container and substrate.

Abstract: A laminated coating film according to the present invention comprises at least one coating film (A) and at least one coating film (B) laminated on each other and has excellent abrasion resistance. [Coating film (A)] The compositional formula is (M1-aSia)(BxCyN1-x-y) (wherein M represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of a Group-4 element, a Group-5 element, a Group-6 element and Al; and a, x and y respectively represent the atomic ratios of Si, B and C), wherein a, x and y respectively fulfill the formulae: 0.05?a?0.35, 0?x?0.15 and 0?y?0.5. [Coating film (B)] The compositional formula is L(BxCyN1-x-y) (wherein L represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of W, Mo and V; and x and y respectively represent the atomic ratios of B and C), wherein x and y respectively fulfill the formulae: 0?x?0.15 and 0?y?0.5.

Abstract: An example provides a method including providing a substrate including an area having a plurality of pores and etching the area of the substrate to remove the plurality of pores to form a recess in the substrate. In some examples, the recess may form, at least in part, a device.

Abstract: A graphite oxide and/or graphene preparation method includes providing a plasma electrolytic apparatus, wherein an electrolyte is provided and a graphite electrode is configured as a cathode of the plasma electrolytic apparatus; and providing a cathodic current so as to initiate a plasma electrolytic process at the graphite electrode to obtain graphite oxide and/or graphene. The graphite oxide and/or graphene can be synthesized through plasma electrolytic processing at relatively low temperature under atmospheric pressure within a very short period of time, without the need for concentrated acids or strong oxidizing agents. The present invention may prepare graphite oxide and/or graphene with plasma electrolytic process directly from graphite, without requiring any prior purification or pretreatment. This plasma electrolytic process of the present invention is quite promising and provided with advantages such as low cost, simple setup, high efficiency, and environmental friendliness.

Abstract: A Two-part, Wall-mountable Electrochemical Dispenser. The dispenser assembly consists of a disposable fluid storage reservoir and a non-disposable dispenser. The dispenser holds an electrochemical gas generator, its associated electronics, and a power source. The generator can be set for fluid delivery rates of between 1 mL/day and 50 mL/day. The system has a battery-determined operational life of about 2 years, assuming rates of up to 2 mL/day and 2 C-size batteries. The fluid storage reservoir is formed by two plastic shells separated by a plastic diaphragm. Gas produced by the generator acts on the diaphragm thereby displacing fluid that is then captured by an evaporation pad from which it can readily emanate into the environment. The reservoir can be removed and discarded after depletion of the liquid, and then replaced by another filled assembly. As needed, the refill holds an anti-theft coded card that prohibits the re-use of the refill.

Abstract: Solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC) stack obtainable by a process comprising the use of a glass sealant with composition 50 to 70 wt % SiO2, 0 to 20 wt % Al2O3, 10 to 50 wt % CaO, 0 to 10 wt % MgO, 0 to 2 wt % (Na2o 1K2O), 0 to 10 wt % b2O3, and 0 to 5 wt % of functional elements selected from TiO2, ZrO2, ZrO2, F, P2O5, Mo03, FeO3, MnO 2, La—Sr—Mn—O perovskite (LSM) and combinations thereof. Preferably, the sealant is a sheet of E-glass fibers with a composition in wt % of 52-56 SiO2, 12-16AL2O3, 16-25 CaO, 0-6MgO, 0-2 Na2+K2O, 0-10 B2O3, 0-1.5 TiO2, O-1F.

Abstract: A positive electrode catalyst, for use in a positive electrode in a device provided with the positive electrode and a negative electrode, in which a reaction represented by 4OH??O2+2H2O+4e? is performed on a side of the positive electrode. The positive electrode catalyst includes a layered metal oxide, wherein the layered metal oxide is a Ruddlesden-Popper type layered perovskite represented by (La1-xAx) (Fe1-yBy)3(Sr1-zCz)3O10-a wherein, A is a rare earth element other than La, B is a transition metal other than Fe, and C is an alkaline earth metal other than Sr; and x satisfies an expression: 0?x<1, y satisfies an expression: 0?y<1, z satisfies an expression: 0?z<1, and a satisfies an expression: 0?a?3.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and current measuring arrangement for measuring electric current flowing in an individual electrode in an electrolysis system. The electrolysis system comprises a plurality of interleaved electrodes (1, 2), cathodes (1) and anodes (2), arranged in an electrolysis cell (3) and immersed in electrolyte, said electrolysis system having a busbar (4) disposed on a separating cell wall (5) between each of the two adjacent cells to conduct electric current to the electrodes via a contact point (6) between the busbar and a hanger bar (7) of the electrode, and the current sensing arrangement comprises a magnetic field sensing means (8; 81, 82; 10) for measuring the magnetic field induced by said current. The magnetic field sensing means (8; 81, 82; 10) are arranged to sense the magnetic field substantially at the level of the contact point (6).

Abstract: The invention is directed to a process to prepare metal nanoparticles or metal oxide nanoparticles by applying a cathodic potential as an alternating current (ac) voltage to a solid starting metal object which solid metal object is in contact with a liquid electrolyte comprising a stabilizing cation. The invention is also directed to the use of the nanoparticles as a catalyst.

Abstract: A deposition mask including a mask body including a plurality of pattern holes; a plurality of protrusions protruding from the mask body; and a plurality of grooves formed in the mask body. A grain size of the mask body is in arrange of about 10 ?m to about 1000 ?m, and a difference between a maximum height of the plurality of protrusions and a maximum height of the plurality of grooves is equal to or less than 0.5 ?m.

Abstract: A method for forming a trivalent chromium coating on an aluminum alloy substrate includes adding a chromium-containing solution to a vessel, immersing the aluminum alloy substrate in the chromium-containing solution, immersing a counter electrode in the chromium-containing solution, and applying an electrical potential bias to the aluminum alloy substrate with respect to its equilibrium potential to form a trivalent chromium coating on an outer surface of the aluminum alloy substrate. A method for forming a trivalent chromium coating on a metal substrate includes adding a chromium-containing solution to a vessel, immersing the metal substrate in the chromium-containing solution, immersing a counter electrode in the chromium-containing solution, and modulating an electrical potential difference between the metal substrate and the counter electrode to form a trivalent chromium coating on an outer surface of the metal substrate.

Abstract: [Object] When rare earth magnets are plated, components of the rare earth magnets are dissolved in the plating solution, causing plating defects. Thus, an easy method for removing rare earth impurities has been necessary. [Means for Solution] A nickel-electroplating solution containing rare earth impurities is kept at 60° C. or higher for a predetermined period of time to precipitate rare earth impurities for separation by sedimentation or filtration. Rare earth impurities can be precipitated further efficiently by adding precipitate to the nickel-electroplating solution, or by concentrating the nickel-electroplating solution by heating.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for the continuous production of low thermal conductivity endless filament yarns with a compact, homogeneous structural morphology. The presently disclosed methods utilize safe and recyclable ionic liquids (IL) to produce carbon fiber precursors from cellulose. The fibers are produced by the carbonization of cellulose carbon fiber precursors. The precursor fiber filaments have an increased tear resistance with simultaneously sufficient elongation, a round or crenulated cross-section, and homogeneous fiber morphology. The filament yarns exhibit performance characteristics similar to those produced from traditional viscous rayon. The resulting fibers are especially suited for aerospace applications in composite materials used at the limits of high temperatures, for instance in structures found in rocket nozzles or atmospheric reentry heat shields on spacecraft.

Abstract: A support element for a compacting device for two drawing system units of a spinning machine disposed next to each other, includes a suction channel that extends inside the support element and is connected to a suction zone of suction drums via openings of suction inserts. The end faces of the suction drums are open at one end and are disposed coaxially opposite each other at a distance. The suction drums are rotatably mounted on a shaft that is attached to the support element. The support element is formed from two half shells that form the suction channel and are connected to each other by way of attachment means, wherein each of the half shells has an outwardly projecting tubular suction insert. The suction inserts are disposed coaxially opposite each other, and each suction insert has at least one bearing element that is provided with a passage and has at least one brace, by way of which the shaft is held in the radial direction.

Abstract: A universal hand loom kit includes a peg board with an array of holes. Long pegs are provided each configured at one end to be releasably inserted into one of the holes in the peg board and having an exposed length when mounted on the peg board within the range of 2?-4? or approximately 50 mm-102 mm. Short pegs are provided each configured at the one end to be releasably inserted into one of the holes in the peg board and having an exposed length when mounted on the peg board less than the length of the long pegs. A shuttle stick, a long needle weaver, a short tapestry needle and a comb are included. The kit can be used to create two dimensional woven tapestry-type products and three dimensional embellishments such as flowers, pompoms, tassels and fringes.

Abstract: Disclosed is a portable mini loom utilizing a base section having opposed first and second end edges defining an overall length, a first Ends Per Inch (EPI) zone disposed proximate the base first end edge and extending inwardly along a desired length of the base, and a second EPI zone disposed proximate the base second end edge and extending inwardly along a desired length of the base. Each EPI zone preferably utilizes three separate EPI arrays, of differing EPI, capable of permitting a weaver to select one of such EPI arrays to create a thread warp of a predefined EPI, such as, 8, 10 or 12 EPI. One array utilizes slots disposed along the ends of the base capable of receiving the warp thread. The other two arrays comprise separate sets of through holes disposed across the EPI zone each capable of receiving the warp thread.

Abstract: A fully fashion knitted outer covering made by using a method for generation of contour fit 3D fully fashion knitted outer covering pattern based on 3D exterior data of an object. The method comprises the following steps: digitizing an individual to create a 3D object data cloud; automatically and/or manually recognizing object's exterior landmarks; extracting the object's exterior measurements; calculating the outer covering pattern block of the digitized surface of the object according to the extracted object's exterior measurements including geodesic measurements; transforming the outer covering block to 3D weft knitted outer covering pattern by introducing horizontal and/or vertical darts; and translating the modified knitted outer covering pattern to knitting diagrams and/or instructions, which can then be transferred to knitwear CAD system to control the automatic knitting machine to knit the required knitted outer covering.

Abstract: An apparatus that facilitates commencement and execution off-loom bead weaving stitches such as, but not limited to, odd/even count Peyote (Gourd), Two (or more) Drop Peyote, Herringbone (Ndebele), Brick (Comanche/Cheyenne), Right Angle Weave, Netting, and derivative stitches. The apparatus in all embodiments provides means to temporarily secure beads by use of one or more of the following: a nonflexible or flexible filament-with or without aid of a sewing needle, friction, clasping with means to engage and disengage or a releasable adhesive in a format that enables the user to have improved sightline and access to the beads, improved control of bead placement resulting in a reduction of color placement and stitch execution errors, and allows the completed or in progress beadwork to be removed from the apparatus intact. The apparatus may be formatted for bead size and configured or combined to accommodate the width of the desired beadwork.

Abstract: Consolidated carbon nanotube or graphene yarns and woven sheets are consolidated through the formation of a carbon binder formed from the dehydration of sucrose. The resulting materials, on a macro-scale are lightweight and of a high specific modulus and/or strength. Sucrose is relatively inexpensive and readily available, and the process is therefore cost-effective.

Abstract: Provided is matte film including: a film layer that is formed in a nano-web shape by electrospinning a polymer material; an ink layer that is coated on one surface of the film layer; and an adhesive layer that is laminated on the other surface of the film layer through electrospinning. Since the film layer is formed in a nano-web shape so that fiber strands are accumulated, the matte film can be thinly produced and have a non-glossy function of performing scattered reflection of light and a fingerprint-preventive function of making fingerprints imprinted. Further, the surface strength of the matte film can be reinforced.

Abstract: The invention relates to an intermediate product intended for the production of a composite part in combination with a resin matrix, formed by at least two unidirectional sets of reinforcing yarns, the yams of each set extending in a different direction, whereby the sets are interlinked by means of stitching or knitting using at least one stitching or knitting yarn. The invention is characterized in that the stitching or knitting yarn has a yarn count of less than or equal to 30 dTex, preferably less than or equal to 25 dTex, in accordance with standard EN ISO 2060.

Abstract: An apparatus for fabricating gasket pads for sealing a drum of a drier and a gasket pad fabricated. The apparatus automates the operations of guiding a strip of felt textile, cutting a portion of the felt textile by a predetermined length, butting both ends of the cut felt textile portion to each other without a difference in height, and sewing the both ends of the cut felt textile portion. Since gasket pads are fabricated by the automated operations instead of manual operations dependent of the experiences of workers, the same gasket pads can be fabricated with high-quality.

Abstract: A overlock sewing machine includes a switch limiting arm rockable integrally with a main shaft fixing operating arm and an arm including arms which are actuated by operating a threading switching knob to engage with the switch limiting arm to rock a rocking lever portion and being engageable with a slide plate to move the position of the slide plate to a sewing executable position upon operating the threading switching knob to the sewing executing position side.

Abstract: In an overlock sewing machine, a main shaft fixing operating shaft is provided with a differentiation ring that can be swung in a predetermined range such that, when the rotation of a main shaft is to be enabled, it is set to an enable state in a stationary state, and when the rotation of the main shaft is disabled, it is swung and shifted from the enable position. Furthermore, a looper cover open/closed detection configuration is configured by modifying a part of a typical known configuration. Such an arrangement provides an overlock sewing machine having a simple configuration that requires only a single micro switch to detect the switching between the threading mode and the sewing mode and to detect the open/closed state of the looper cover.

Abstract: A laundry machine and a control method thereof are provided in which laundering ability may be improved while also improving efficiency and noise/vibration. The laundry machine employs a plurality of drum motions by varying drum rotational speed, drum rotational direction, and drum starting and stopping point, to provide different motion of laundry items in the drum.

Abstract: A balance ring for an appliance, such as e.g., a washing machine, is provided. The balance ring can reduce or eliminate features such as sink marks that might otherwise impede the movement of counterweights in the balance ring. The counterweights are used to stabilize a rotating element of the appliance.

Abstract: A laundry treating appliance having a detergent dispenser that may be flushed with a water flow for removal of residual powder while reducing sudsing.

Abstract: A fluid additive dispenser for a washing machine appliance is provided. The dispenser includes a housing, a dispenser drawer, and a plate. The housing and the plate form a seal to prevent water introduced into the dispenser from prematurely entering a compartment and to prevent a fluid additive in one compartment of the dispenser drawer from entering another compartment.

Abstract: A drum washing machine and a control method thereof. The drum washing machine includes a cabinet, a tub including a first tub part and a second tub part, a drum, an inlet provided at one side of the second tub part and supplying condensed water, and at least one flow path provided on one surface from among the inner surfaces of the second tub part opposite the drum and guiding flow of the condensed water to increase a contact area between the condensed water supplied from the inlet and the second tub part. The drum washing machine improves the structure of the tub to effectively inject condensed water, and may thus increase condensing efficiency. Further, the drum washing machine improves the structures of the tub and the drying duct, and may thus prevent accumulation of lint and lowering of performance of the drum washing machine.

Abstract: A unitary nozzle for a washing machine appliance includes an inlet body and an outlet body that are integrally formed together. The outlet body defines an outlet conduit with a first cross-sectional area at an entrance of outlet conduit and a second cross-sectional area at an exit of the outlet conduit. A shape of the second cross-sectional area is substantially arcuate. A related method for forming a unitary nozzle of a washing machine appliance is also provided.

Abstract: The laundry treating apparatus includes a door to open and close the introduction port about a first rotational or a second rotational axis which is different from first rotational axis. A first switching unit is provided in the door to allow rotation of door about the first rotational axis, and a second switching unit is provided in the door to allow rotation of the door about the second rotational axis. A lock fixes a position of at least one of the first switching unit or second switching unit when the door opens the introduction port. As can be appreciated, the mechanism used for the laundry apparatus may be applicable to other home appliances or non-home appliances where two different rotational axes may be needed to open and close a door.

Abstract: A laundry dryer is provided with a modular air recirculation subassembly fitted beneath a rotatable drum of the dryer. The subassembly has an air recirculation passage provided between an air supply passage and an air exhaust passage of the dryer. The air recirculation subassembly further has a flow directing flap at the juncture of the air inlet passage and the air recirculation passage to direct the recirculation air flow toward a heater and away from an inlet end of the air supply passage. The air recirculation subassembly may include a filter positioned across the air recirculation passage upstream of the heater, which filter is removable through the air exhaust passage. The subassembly may further include a heat exchanger to transfer heat from the warmer air exiting the exhaust passage to the cooler air entering the air supply passage, and a recirculation air flow regulating flap.

Abstract: A non-marring nozzle attachment that may be used with a vacuum device to clean delicate surfaces such as lint screens. The non-marring nozzle attachment may use a non-marring material with a beveled surface to allow for a vacuum to safely and effectively clean delicate surfaces. The non-marring nozzle attachment may further include spaced slits to allow for more intimate contact between the nozzle tip and a surface to be cleaned. The vacuum device may be mounted near the desired area of use to a variety of rigid surfaces without having to penetrate the rigid surface with nails or screws.

Abstract: A dryer including an air condensing unit that can use cooling water to reduce air moisture by condensation in a non-contact manner. The air condensing unit includes a condensing duct and a hollow rib enclosed inside the condensing duct. During a drying process, cooling water flows through the hollow rib and, at the same time, air coming from the tub flows through the hollow rib and is cooled off by the cooling water. The cooled air exits the condensing duct and flows back to the tub after travelling through a drying duct that includes a heater. The external wall and/or internal wall of the rib has protrusions and depressions formed in a three-dimensional pattern to increase surface area.

Abstract: A method is provided for operating a laundry dryer having a rotatable drum for accommodating clothes to be dried and an apparatus for circulating drying air through the drum. The method comprises the steps of performing a drying cycle selected by a user, wherein the drying cycle comprises predetermined drum movements over time depending on the cycle selected, detecting values indicative of the temperature of the drying air exiting the drum, based on said detected values, determining that the clothes inside the drum are in tangling conditions and starting an untangling operation for untying the clothes inside the drum. The untangling operation comprises modification of the predetermined drum movements.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a soft-goods product includes substantially permanently affixing a transfer having projecting embellishments in an embroidered style without the use of sewing. The transfer employs an adhesive and pressure application to achieve the substantially permanent attachment. The adhesive includes pressure-sensitive, acrylic and hot-melt adhesives, as well as adhesives having one or more combinations of these features. Pressure is applied in a transverse manner and can be supplemented by an insert having compressibility properties and when desired, supplemented by the application of heat energy.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process of detoxifying pretreated lignocellulose-containing material comprising washing the pretreated lignocellulose-containing material in a washing solution and treating the used washing solution to remove an enzyme inhibitor and/or an inhibitor of a fermenting organism before recycling the used washing solution.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed toward a process for adjusting a papermaking process for producing parent rolls of convolutely wound web material having a machine direction (MD) and a cross-machine direction (CD) coplanar and orthogonal thereto that improves the characteristics of the parent rolls of wound web material to improve downstream convertability.

Abstract: In one or more embodiments, the present disclosure provides for a process for preparing a dispersion of starch particles in an aqueous liquid. In one or more embodiments, the process includes introducing a feed starch and the aqueous liquid into a rotor stator mixer, maintaining the feed starch and the aqueous liquid in the rotor stator mixer at a temperature ranging from a gelation temperature to less than a solubilization temperature, and shearing the feed starch into starch particles with the rotor stator mixer to form the dispersion of starch particles in the aqueous liquid. In one or more embodiments, the starch particles produced by this process have an average particle size diameter of no larger than 2 micrometers and the dispersion has 20 to 65 weight percent of the starch particles based on a total weight of the dispersion.

Abstract: Wet strengthened fiber products, wet strengthening resins, and methods for making such wet strengthened fiber products and wet strengthening resins. The wet strengthened fiber product can include a fiber web and an at least partially cured wet strengthening resin, which prior to at least partially curing, the wet strengthening resin can include a polyamide-epihalohydrin (PAE) resin and a cationic styrene maleimide (SMI) resin. The PAE resin can include a reaction product of a polyamidoamine and an epihalohydrin and the cationic SMI resin can include a reaction product of a styrene maleic anhydride (SMA) copolymer and an amine. The wet strengthened fiber product can include the wet strengthening resin in an amount of about 0.05 wt % to about 5 wt %, based on a dried weight of the wet strengthened fiber product.