Abstract: The present application provides a dispensing nozzle for use with a flow of a diluent and a flow of a concentrate. The beverage dispenser may include an annular concentrate path of the flow of the concentrate and an annular diluent path surrounding at least in part the annular concentrate path for the flow of the diluent. The annular diluent path may include a shallow angle leading towards the flow of the concentrate such that the flow of the diluent and the flow of the concentrate mix in or downstream of the dispensing nozzle.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a beverage making machine comprising a first beverage making cartridge comprising at least one of a gas source portion, the gas source portion contains a solid gas source that through sublimation emits a gas, and a gas storage tank arranged to store the gas emitted from the solid gas source. The beverage making machine further comprising a second beverage making cartridge comprising at least one of a micro ingredient, a beverage diluent receptacle for receiving a beverage diluent liquid, a dissolver dissolves portion of the gas, from the gas storage tank, into the beverage diluent liquid, and a dispenser selectively dispenses a predefined ratio of at least one of the micro ingredient and the beverage diluent liquid, to form a beverage. Exemplary embodiments include a computer control arranged to receive a beverage selection from a consumer and control the beverage making machine to form beverages.

Abstract: Liquid dispensing systems which sanitize the liquid and liquid-contacting parts of a liquid dispensing system using ozonation, by periodically flushing the system with ozonated gas or liquid. Also disclosed and claimed are an apparatus and method for controlling temperature variations between the liquid in holding (e.g., cold and/or hot) tanks and the liquid as it is dispensed, which may be used with an Insta-Boil feature.

Abstract: The invention relates to a modified valve apparatus that resides on/in a pressurized vessel/container in which automatically releases pressure upon removal using a specialized tool, thus reducing the possibility for bodily/property damage as well as allowing access into the vessel/container.

Abstract: The present system generally relates to a fluid flow system where a controller and motor pump assemblies are used to optimize the control of fluid flow through the system. The controller samples the back electromotive force of the motor and pump assemblies and is able to utilize the sampled back electromotive force in conjunction with predefined target back electromotive force values, preferably empirically determined and tuned to an induvial motor and for a select fluid, to tune the voltage applied to the system, control the back electromotive force of the system and, by extension, control the flow of fluid.

Abstract: The invention relates to a bar system (1) for simultaneously pouring beer (3) from a reservoir (2) into a plurality of containers such as glasses (4), comprising a supply line (5) having an adjoining distributor region (6) having a plurality of outlets (7), wherein the beer (3) can be conducted via the supply line (5) into the distributor region (6) and via the latter into the containers such as glasses (4). In order to fill the containers such as glasses (4) uniformly with beer (3) and with a head of foam of equal height, it is possible according to the invention to till the distributor region (6) completely with beer (3) when the supply line (5) is partially full.

Abstract: Assembly comprising:—a beverage dispensing line (20) defining at a dispensing end (46) thereof an inner circular flow area having a first diameter;—an upstream valve part (26) connected to said dispensing end, the upstream part having an outwardly oriented snap lock member (44);—a flexible downstream valve part (28) defining a beverage outlet at its downstream end, having an inwardly oriented snap lock member cooperating with the outwardly oriented snap lock member, the downstream valve part including a cylindrical plug (36) and defining a passage from the dispensing end past the plug to the beverage outlet, the plug defining a downstream section defining a second diameter larger than the first diameter, and defining an upstream section defining a third diameter equal to or smaller than the first diameter, connected to the downstream section, a tap handle (14) operating the downstream valve part between a dispensing position, an intermediate non-dispensing position and a final non-dispensing position.

Abstract: A cooling system for a beverage comprises an enclosure for housing a beverage container, a cold plate through which the beverage flows, and a refrigeration system that controllably cools the enclosure and the cold plate in a differential manner. In preferred embodiments, preference is given during normal operation to cooling the cold plate, and only cooling the enclosure when the cold plate is determined to be at or below a desired temperature. In some embodiments a special defrost cycle warms the cold plate while continuing to cool the enclosure. Controls can be mechanical, electronic or any combination of the two, and preferably utilizes information from both pressure and temperature sensors.

Abstract: A fluid dispenser has a main body, a valve member, and a dome member. The dome member is attached to the valve member such that the valve member is slidable within the main body. Pressing on the dome member opens the valve so that fluid can flow out of a dispensing port in the main body. The main body has an outer flow surface and an inner flow surface. The valve has a face. In conjunction, the outer flow surface, inner flow surface, and face define a fluid passageway for fluid to flow exteriorly to the inner flow surface, interiorly to the outer flow surface, and exit the fluid dispenser via the dispensing port.

Abstract: A counter mountable fluid dispenser includes a below deck assembly and an above deck assembly. The below deck assembly includes a reservoir for storing a fluid, a dispensing mechanism in fluid communication with the reservoir, and a controller in circuit communication with the dispensing mechanism for operation of the dispensing mechanism. The above deck assembly includes a spout defining an outlet port in fluid communication with the reservoir for dispensing fluid stored in the reservoir upon operation of the dispensing mechanism, an external supply port in fluid communication with the reservoir by a supply passage to supply fluid to the reservoir, an access door movable between a closed position blocking access to the external supply port and an open position permitting access to the external supply port, and a switch mechanism configured to disable the dispensing mechanism when the access door is in the open position.

Abstract: A method for controlling a filling operation of a vehicular liquid storage system including a tank including a fill level limiting valve. The method includes: detecting start of a first filling event; measuring a first fill level of the tank; verifying whether the measured first fill level has reached a predetermined fill level; if the verifying is positive, starting a first timer for a first amount of time; upon expiry of the first timer, closing the fill level limiting valve.

Abstract: A counter mountable fluid dispenser includes a below deck assembly and an above deck assembly. The below deck assembly includes a reservoir for storing a fluid, a dispensing mechanism in fluid communication with the reservoir, and a controller in circuit communication with the dispensing mechanism for operation of the dispensing mechanism. The above deck assembly includes a spout defining an outlet port in fluid communication with the reservoir for dispensing fluid stored in the reservoir upon operation of the dispensing mechanism, an external supply port in fluid communication with the reservoir by a supply passage to supply fluid to the reservoir, an access door movable between a closed position blocking access to the external supply port and an open position permitting access to the external supply port, and a switch mechanism configured to disable the dispensing mechanism when the access door is in the open position.

Abstract: Disclosed is solvent dispensing system comprising a plurality of air-operated double diaphragm pumps, adapted to couple to a plurality of solvent supply containers, and coupled to a plurality of dispensing nozzles, wherein each air-operated double diaphragm pump is powered by a separate air supply line carrying pressurized air, and is controlled by a separate air directional control valve. The present invention also provides a means of coupling a solvent container to a solvent supply line, comprising a sealing cap device for forming a seal around a solvent discharge opening in a solvent container, said sealing cap device having a check valve and breather combination and a means for coupling the solvent container to a solvent supply line. Also disclosed is a clamping system for pressing the sealing cap device around the solvent discharge opening in the solvent container.

Abstract: A micro-electro mechanical system (MEMS) pressure sensor includes a first substrate, a second substrate and a sensing structure. The second substrate is substantially parallel to the first substrate. The sensing structure is between the first substrate and the second substrate, and bonded to a portion of the first substrate and a portion of the second substrate, in which a first space between the first substrate and the sensing structure is communicated with outside, and a second space between the second substrate and the sensing structure is communicated with or isolated from the outside.

Abstract: Shock-resistant MEMS structures are disclosed. In one implementation, a motion control flexure for a MEMS device includes: a rod including a first and second end, wherein the rod is tapered along its length such that it is widest at its center and thinnest at its ends; a first hinge directly coupled to the first end of the rod; and a second hinge directly coupled to the second of the rod. In another implementation, a conductive cantilever for a MEMS device includes: a curved center portion includes a first and second end, wherein the center portion has a point of inflection; a first root coupled to the first end of the center portion; and a second root coupled to the second end of the center portion. In yet another implementation, a shock stop for a MEMS device is described.

Abstract: Caging structures are disclosed for caging or otherwise reducing the mechanical shock pulse experienced by MEMS device beam structures during events that may cause mechanical shock to the MEMS device. The caging structures at least partially surround the beam such that they limit the motion of the beam in a direction perpendicular to the beam's longitudinal axis, thereby reducing stress on the beam during a mechanical shock event. The caging structures may be used in combination with mechanical shock-resistant beams.

Abstract: Systems and methods for packaging a MEMS device to measure the in-stream pressure within a pipe are provided. Embodiments herein avoid the use of a metal housing enclosing the MEMS device or die pad of the MEMS device. Instead, the MEMS device is mounted directly to the pipe using a ceramic carrier. In preferred embodiments, the ceramic carrier is soldered, brazed, welded or eutectic bonded to the metal pipe.

Abstract: An integrated package of at least one environmental sensor and at least one MEMS acoustic sensor is disclosed. The package contains a shared port that exposes both sensors to the environment, wherein the environmental sensor measures characteristics of the environment and the acoustic sensor measures sound waves. The port exposes the environmental sensor to an air flow and the acoustic sensor to sound waves. An example of the acoustic sensor is a microphone and an example of the environmental sensor is a humidity sensor.

Abstract: Integrated circuit packages and methods of forming same are provided. A method includes attaching a first die and a second die to a carrier, the first die having a first contact pad, the second die having a second contact pad, the first contact pad and the second contact pad having different structures. A release layer is formed over the first die and the second die. An encapsulant is injected between the carrier and the release layer. One or more redistribution layers (RDLs) are formed over the first die, the second die and the encapsulant, the first contact pad and the second contact pad being in electrical contact with the one or more RDLs.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to the alignment of moieties (e.g., nanoparticles and/or nanowires) into prescribed architectures on two- and/or three-dimensional substrates (e.g., nucleic acid nanostructures/crystals). The present disclosure also relates to a nucleic acid (e.g., DNA) lithography method that includes, in some embodiments, adsorbing a bare nucleic acid nano-structure onto a surface of a substrate, and etching the surface of the substrate containing the bare nucleic acid nanostructure, thereby producing a patterned substrate.

Abstract: A method to recover sulfur comprising the steps of feeding an acid gas stream to a combustion furnace, condensing the cooled furnace stream to produce a first gas stream, feeding the first gas stream to a first adsorber comprises a molecular sieve, feeding the first hot dry gas stream to a first catalytic reactor, cooling the first catalytic outlet stream in a first condenser, feeding the second gas stream to a second adsorber, feeding the second hot dry gas stream to a second catalytic reactor, cooling the second catalytic outlet stream in a second condenser, introducing the third gas stream to a third adsorber, feeding the third hot dry gas stream to a third catalytic reactor to produce a third catalytic outlet stream, and cooling the third catalytic outlet stream in a third condenser to produce a third sulfur stream and a tail gas stream.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing potassium thiosulfate, potassium sulfite or potassium bisulfite comprising the following steps: Step (1a): providing a potassium hydroxide or potassium carbonate solution for neutralizing acid forming components such as dissolving SO2 or H2S; Step (1b): providing an SO2 contacting solution, containing at least some potassium sulfite or potassium bisulfite or potassium thiosulfate; Step (2): providing SO2 gas; Step (3): reacting these to absorb the SO2 gas and to form an intermediate reaction mixture comprising potassium sulfite, or potassium bisulfite or a mixture thereof, and optionally recovering the potassium sulfite, or potassium bisulfite or a mixture thereof, and/or optionally using steps 4 and 5; Step (4): adding sulfur or sulfide containing compound containing sulfur having the oxidation state of 0, ?2 or of between 0 and ?2 to the reaction mixture and optionally potassium hydroxide or potassium carbonate, and reacting the mixture under suitable cond

Abstract: An efficient process for preparation of potassium thiosulfate (K2S2O3) is described. Potassium hydroxide (KOH) and elemental sulfur (S) are converted to potassium polysulfide, which is subsequently oxidized. The process allows using specifically designed process conditions such as mole ratios of potassium hydroxide to sulfur, and temperature, to obtain an optimized formulation of desired polysulfide, and a specifically designed set of conditions such as temperature, pressure, rate and duration of the oxidant during the oxidation conditions, to obtain a relatively high concentration of soluble potassium thiosulfate product with high purity, with relatively low amounts of byproducts. The manufacturing process can either be a batch process or a continuous process utilizing Continuous Stirred Tank Reactors (CSTR). The CSTR process is dependent on several design parameters, including pressure, and temperature optimization to avoid product instability.

Abstract: The method of the present disclosure is directed towards the formation of a three-dimensional carbon structure and includes the steps of adding a radical initiator to an amount of carbon starting material, forming a mixture, placing the mixture in a mold, maintaining the mixture and the mold at an elevated temperature for a period of time to form a thermally cross-linked molded mixture and removing the thermally cross-linked molded mixture from the mold. The disclosure also includes a three-dimensional carbon structure, with that structure including a thermally cross-linked carbon base material in a predetermined formation.

Abstract: Methods of concurrently forming ammonia and solid carbon products include reacting a carbon oxide, nitrogen, and a reducing agent at preselected reaction conditions in the presence of a catalyst to form a solid carbon product entrained in a tail gas mixture comprising water and ammonia; separating entrained solid carbon product from the tail gas mixture; and recovering water and ammonia from the tail gas mixture. Systems for forming ammonia and solid carbon products from a gaseous source containing carbon oxides include mixing means for mixing the gaseous source with a reducing agent, reactor means for reacting at least a portion of the gaseous source with the reducing agent in the presence of a catalyst to produce the solid carbon products and a tail gas mixture comprising the ammonia, and solid separation means for separating the solid carbon products from the tail gas mixture.

Abstract: Metal-carbon nanotube composites having nanotubes which are uniformly dispersed within the metal matrix of the composite, and which are unbundled or substantially unbundled, have high lengths, and which can be controllably aligned are disclosed herein. Such metal-carbon nanotube composites can show improved electrical, thermal, and mechanical properties, as compared to a pristine metal or metal alloy which does not contain nanotubes dispersed therein. Facile and scalable methods of fabricating such metal-nanocarbon composites are also disclosed.

Abstract: Provided is a method of manufacturing graphene by unzipping doped carbon materials by an external stimulus and a graphene manufactured therefrom.

Abstract: Process for producing pristine graphene nanoplatelets, comprising the expansion of flakes of intercalated graphite and the collection thereof in water with formation of a dispersion in the substantial absence of surfactants, followed by an exfoliation and size reduction treatment carried out using ultrasonication of the aqueous dispersion or using high pressure homogenization thereof in a high shear homogenizer. A dispersion of pristine graphene is obtained in the form of nanoplatelets, at least 90% of which have a lateral size (x, y) from 50 to 50,000 nm and a thickness (z) from 0.34 to 50 nm, having a C/O ratio ?100:1 and a high electrical conductivity.

Abstract: This invention is particularly addressing a novel method to grow two dimensional carbon nanomaterials. Using our technologies, only solid state carbon sources are used as feedstock to grow this kind of carbon nanomaterials, while no hydrocarbon gases or other carbon contained gases are required as feedstock. This invention can also be applied to grow non-carbon-based two dimensional nanomaterials, with obvious advantages of reducing manufacturing cost and enhancing growth rate.

Abstract: Process for producing graphene nanoplatelets, comprising expanding flakes of intercalated graphite and collection of the same in a dispersing medium with forming of a dispersion that is subjected to exfoliation and size reduction treatment carried out by high pressure homogenization in a high shear homogenizer. A dispersion of graphene is obtained in the form of nanoplatelets, at least 90% of which have a lateral size (x, y) from 50 to 50,000 nm and a thickness (z) from 0.34 to 50 nm.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for preparing nanoparticles by using laser and more particularly, a method for preparing nanoparticles by irradiating a laser beam to the mixture of a source material gas and a hexafluoride (SF6) catalyst gas, thereby improving the production yield of nanoparticles with energy saved. More particularly, the present invention provides the method for preparing the nanoparticles by using the laser wherein the laser beam of wavelength having the excellent energy absorption by the mixture gas of source material gas and catalyst gas is irradiated to the mixture gas so as to increase the reactivity of the source material gas with energy saved, which brings the effects of solving the problems of damaging environment due to the unreacted toxic source material gas incurred by the low production yield of the conventional nanoparticle preparation method and of making system complicated with the high cost when the discarded source gas is recovered and reused.

Abstract: First, at least one of silanol and a siloxane compound is generated in a chlorosilane (S101). In the step, for example, an inert gas having a moisture concentration of 0.5 to 2.5 ppm is brought into contact with the chlorosilane to dissolve the moisture, and at least one of silanol and a siloxane compound is generated through a hydration reaction of a moiety of the chlorosilane. Next, a boron-containing compound contained in the chlorosilane is reacted with the silanol or the siloxane compound, thereby converting the boron-containing compound to a boron oxide (S102). Through the step (S102), the boron-containing compound being a low boiling point compound is converted to a boron oxide being a high boiling point compound, and therefore the difference in boiling point from the boiling point of chlorosilane becomes larger to make later separation easy.

Abstract: [Problem] To provide a dispersion containing surface-modified silica nanoparticles highly dispersed in an organic dispersion medium and also having high transparency and storage stability. [Solution] Disclosed is a method for producing surface-modified silica nanoparticles comprising: preparing a first silica nanoparticle dispersion containing silica nanoparticles and an aqueous dispersion medium; replacing the aqueous dispersion medium in the first silica nanoparticle dispersion with an organic dispersion medium comprising at least one selected from cyclic esters or cyclic amides, to obtain a second silica nanoparticle dispersion; and mixing the second silica nanoparticle dispersion with a silane coupling agent represented by the formula (1): (each R1 is independently a hydrocarbon group of C1 to C20 and R2 is a hydrocarbon group of C1 to C3), to modify the surface of the silica nanoparticles.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for preparing mesoporous and/or mesostructured materials from low SAR zeolites are provided herewith. In particular, methods are provided that involve: (a) providing a low SAR zeolite, (b) optionally subjecting the low SAR zeolite to an acid framework modification, and (c) subjecting the framework-modified zeolite to a mesopore formation treatment. The resulting mesoporous zeolites can have bi-modal mesoporosity and higher aluminum contents relative to existing mesoporous zeolites.

Abstract: There is provided a method for producing a zeolite more excellent in moisture absorption characteristics. The method includes physically pulverizing a zeolite that has a gradient of a Na/Si value from a surface of the zeolite in a depth direction, that has a proportion of the Na/Si value at a depth of 10 nm from the surface to the Na/Si value at the surface of 90% or more, and that has a proportion of the Na/Si value at a depth of 30 nm from the surface to the Na/Si value at the surface of 70% or more, the Na/Si value representing a composition ratio between Na and Si, and crystallizing the physically pulverized zeolite.

Abstract: A method for directly preparing an empty shell type small grain ZSM-5 molecular sieve. The method comprises: uniformly mixing and stirring an organic template agent, a silicon source and water; dripping an aqueous solution of an aluminum source into the mixture; preserving room temperature, and continuously stirring for a period of time; and performing hydrothermal crystallization, and washing, drying and roasting the obtained product to obtain the Molecular sieve. The molecular sieve has high degree of crystallinity and uniform particle size. Moreover, the method requires short time, simple operation and only one step, no extra surfactant is needed, and secondary acid and alkali treatment is not needed.

Abstract: A method of producing ammonia by the compression of the synthesis and recycle gas by screw compressors enabling efficient small ammonia plants to be designed.

Abstract: A surface-coated cutting tool according to the present invention includes a coating. The coating has an ?-Al2O3 layer. The ?-Al2O3 layer includes a lower layer portion and an upper layer portion. When respective crystal orientations of crystal grains of ?-Al2O3 are specified by performing EBSD analyses with an FE-SEM on a cross-section obtained when the ?-Al2O3 layer is cut along a plane including a normal line of a surface of the ?-Al2O3 layer and a color map is prepared based on the crystal orientations, in the color map, an area in the upper layer portion occupied by the crystal grains of which normal direction of a (001) plane is within ±10° with respect to a normal direction of the surface of the ?-Al2O3 layer is equal to or more than 90%, and such an area in the lower layer portion is equal to or less than 50%.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for extracting metals and salts from titanium-bearing minerals such as perovskite. More particularly, although not exclusively, the invention relates to extracting titanium dioxide and optionally other compounds from melter slag derived from an iron-making process.

Abstract: The purpose/problem of the present invention is to provide a method for producing tungsten complex oxide particles useful as a heat shield material or the like that permits inexpensive production of a stable composition. This method for producing tungsten complex oxide particles includes a step for preparing a dispersion in which a raw material powder has been dispersed, a step for feeding the dispersion into a thermal plasma flame, and a step for supplying gas containing oxygen to the terminal portion of the thermal plasma flame and producing tungsten complex oxide particles. The dispersion preferably includes a carbon element.

Abstract: A process is provided for recovering a heavy metal from a waste stream resulting from a process for producing aromatic carboxylic acid by liquid-phase oxidation of an aromatic feedstock compound in the presence of a heavy metal catalyst. The process comprises: (a) producing a carbonate salt precipitate of the heavy metal by adding a source of metal ions and carbonate or bicarbonate ions into the waste stream; (b) separating the precipitate from the waste stream; (c) washing the precipitate with an alkali solution having metal ions therein, wherein at least a portion of the metal ions in the alkali solution are the same as at least a portion of metal ions in the source of metal ions and carbonate or bicarbonate ions; and, (d) recovering the washed precipitate wherein the washed precipitate comprises the heavy metal ions. In one embodiment, the aromatic carboxylic acid comprises terephthalic acid.

Abstract: The invention relates to electrodes comprising doped nickelate-containing compositions comprising a first component-type comprising one or more components with an 03 structure of the general formula: AaM1VM2WM3XM4yM5ZO2 wherein A comprises one or more alkali metal selected from sodium, lithium and potassium; M1 is nickel in oxidation state 2+, M2 comprises one or more metals in oxidation state 4+, M3 comprises one or more metals in oxidation state 2+, M4 comprises one or more metals in oxidation state 4+, and M5 comprises one or more metals in oxidation state 3+ wherein 0.85?a?1; 0<v<0.

Abstract: Systems and processes for treating, reducing and/or disposing of leachate created by a landfill system by aerating, spraying and/or stripping leachate in a controlled environment to promote evaporation of a water component of the leachate, to strip a portion of ammonia from the leachate and/or to promote biological decomposition of the leachate. The reduced or concentrated leachate produced by the system or process, whether liquid, solid or slurry, can be disposed of as allowed or desired at a cost benefitted by the reduced volume and/or treated condition of the leachate.

Abstract: A desalinating system and method is disclosed. The desalination system comprises using a turbo freeze or fast-cooling process to freeze saline water droplets and separate salt crystals from pure water crystals, wherein said system provides for simultaneous injection of saline water droplets and a chilled refrigerant into a freezing chamber at a slip velocity sufficient to reduce the size of the saline water droplets to an optimal diameter.

Abstract: A treatment device includes a base having a battery, a UV-LED for providing UV-C light during a UV sterilization process, LEDs for providing visible light during the UV sterilization process, and a controller for initiating the UV sterilization process, a translucent ring on the base for receiving the visible light from the LEDs and outputting it to the user, a first coupling structure on the base, a UV transmissive material above the UV-LED module, and a water storage removably coupled to the base having a sidewall structure for confining water, a second coupling structure below the sidewall structure for coupling with the first coupling structure to thereby create a water-tight seal between the water storage and the base, and a translucent material disposed upon the top opening of the water storage for receiving the visible light from the LEDs and outputting it to the user.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a hydrocyclone that will separate particles from a liquid stream, such as from an irrigation water stream for use in drip irrigation. The invented hydrocyclone has an inlet, a separation section, a clean liquid outlet, and a slurry outlet, wherein the separation section has a vortex and a cone, and wherein the vortex length is more than three times longer than the cone length, and the cone has an angle of about 45 degrees. The invented hydrocyclone also has a vortex diameter to vortex length ratio of between about 0.8 and about 1.2, and a cone length to vortex length ratio of between about 0.28 and about 0.35. The invented hydrocylone may be of unitary construction. When in use, the invented hydrocyclone may create a clean water stream having at least 78% fewer particles than the original liquid stream.

Abstract: A process for the treatment of sewage water to contaminant free water is done by two steps of basification or acidification followed by neutralization. Basification occurs by adding basic chemicals to sewage water up to 12 PH followed by adding acidic chemicals up to 7 PH for neutralization. Similarly acidification occurs by adding acidic chemicals up to 4 PH followed by adding basic chemicals up to 7 PH. The sludge formed during basification and acidification is separated from two steps of treated sewage water. For better results basification is extended up to acidification PH followed by adding of acidic chemicals up to 7 PH, similarly acidification is extended up to basification followed by adding of basic chemicals up to 7 PH. Gases generated in the whole process can be absorbed by ferrous chloride and/or calcium chloride added to the acidification and basification reactions.

Abstract: A method for treating waste water includes measuring oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) in at least one location in the waste water and measuring, in the waste water, one or more characteristics associated with particulate matter or organic material in the water. One or more values associated with treatment of the water is computed based on measurements of ORP and measurements of the characteristics associated with particulate matter or organic matter in the water. A level of ozonation in the waste water is adjusted based on the computed values.

Abstract: An ozone manifold including a primary flow conduit for directing the pool water through the ultraviolet, ozone manifold. Further, a cross member conduit having an advanced oxidation chamber disposed therein in fluid communication with the primary flow conduit. An inlet flow conduit disposed between the primary flow conduit and the cross member conduit to direct a first bifurcated stream of pool water from the primary flow conduit into a liquid flow chamber within the advanced oxidation chamber. An ozone collection conduit within the advanced oxidation chamber for generating ozone to be mixed with the first bifurcated stream flowing through the inlet flow conduit. An outlet flow conduit disposed between the primary flow conduit and the cross member conduit to direct the first bifurcated stream of pool water from the liquid flow chamber to a water outlet of the flow conduit.

Abstract: A method for inhibiting silica scale formation in an aqueous system by adding a hydrophobically-modified alkylene oxide urethane copolymer anti-scalant to the water used in the aqueous system.