Abstract: Processes and apparatuses for the neutralization of wastewater comprising terephthalic acid are provided. Such processes and apparatuses use magnesium hydroxide to neutralize the wastewater upstream of an anaerobic reactor.

Abstract: Provided is a method that can manufacture a glass material having excellent homogeneity by containerless levitation. With a block (12) of glass raw material held levitated above a forming surface (10a) of a forming die (10) by jetting gas through a gas jet hole (10b) opening on the forming surface (10a), the block (12) of glass raw material is heated and melted by irradiation with laser beam, thus obtaining a molten glass, and the molten glass is then cooled to obtain a glass material. Control gas is jetted to the block (12) of glass raw material along a direction different from a direction of jetting of the levitation gas for use in levitating the block (12) of glass raw material or the molten glass.

Abstract: A method of forming a mould assembly (10) is provided. The method includes providing a mould body (12) defining a mould insert receiving zone (14). The method includes providing a mould insert (16), defining opposed sides (18, 20). One side (18) defines a mould cavity surface (21), against which an article is to be moulded, and the opposed side (20) defines a mould body seating arrangement (22) for seating the mould insert (16) in the mould insert receiving zone (14). The method further includes positioning the mould insert 16 in the mould insert receiving zone (14) of the mould body (12).

Abstract: Alkali-doped and alkali-free boroaluminosilicate glasses that include barium oxide and the network formers SiO2, B2O3, and Al2O3. The glasses may be doped with up to about 1 mol % of Li2O, Na2O, and/or K2O. The glass may, in some embodiments, have a Young's modulus of less than about 61 GPa and/or a coefficient of thermal expansion, averaged over a temperature range from about 20° C. to about 300° C., of less than about 40×10?7/° C. These glasses may be used as a cover glass for electronic devices, a color filter substrate, a thin film transistor substrate, or an outer clad layer for a glass laminate.

Abstract: A seal composition includes a first alkaline earth metal oxide, a second alkaline earth metal oxide which is different from the first alkaline earth metal oxide, aluminum oxide, and silica in an amount such that molar percent of silica in the composition is at least five molar percent greater than two times a combined molar percent of the first alkaline earth metal oxide and the second alkaline earth metal oxide. The composition is substantially free of phosphorus oxide. The seal composition forms a glass ceramic seal which includes silica containing glass cores located in a crystalline matrix comprising barium aluminosilicate, and calcium aluminosilicate crystals located in the glass cores.

Abstract: Embodiments are directed to glass frits containing phosphors that can be used in LED lighting devices and for methods associated therewith for making the phosphor containing glass frit and their use in glass articles, for example, LED devices.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a functionalized substrate comprising a substrate (10) and a near infrared absorbing coating (20), wherein said near infrared absorbing coating (20) comprises near infrared absorbing nanoparticles (21) comprising indium, tin, zinc, antimony, aluminum, tungsten or mixtures thereof. In an embodiment, the near infrared absorbing coating (20) further includes an inorganic matrix (22, 23, 24).

Abstract: A process for obtaining a material including a transparent substrate coated with a stack of thin layers which are deposited by cathode sputtering, optionally assisted by a magnetic field, including at least one silver-based functional metal layer and at least two antireflective coatings, each antireflective coating including at least one dielectric layer, so that each functional metal layer is positioned between two antireflective coatings, the process includes the sequence of following stages: (a) an antireflective coating including at least one thin layer based on crystalline nickel oxide is deposited, then (b) at least one silver-based functional metal layer is deposited above and in contact with the thin layer based on crystalline nickel oxide.

Abstract: A coated glass pane comprising at least the following layers in sequence: a glass substrate; a lower anti-reflection layer, comprising in sequence from the glass substrate a layer based on an oxide of Zn and Sn and/or an oxide of Sn, a separation layer based on a metal oxide and/or an (oxi)nitride of silicon and/or an (oxi)nitride of aluminium, and a top layer based on an oxide of Zn; and a silver-based functional layer.

Abstract: Provided is a glass composition having an infrared absorbing function, water resistance, heat resistance, and a low expansion coefficient, the glass composition including the following components (a) to (c): (a) 0.1 wt % or more to 14.0 wt % or less of an intermediate oxide; (b) 0.1 wt % or more to 14.0 wt % or less of CuO; and (c) 80.0 wt % or more to 99.8 wt % or less of silica, in which a total of a content ratio of the intermediate oxide and a content ratio of the CuO is from 0.2 wt % or more to 20 wt % or less.

Abstract: A device for coating a fiber includes a fiber receiving arrangement and a coating arrangement which includes an application unit which wets the fiber with a coating agent, and a curing unit arranged downstream of the application unit which optically cures the coating agent. The curing unit includes a lamp which emits at least one light beam which is aimed directly or indirectly at a surface of the fiber. A main radiation direction of the lamp includes a beam angle between the main radiation direction and a longitudinal direction of the fiber of less than 40°. The fiber receiving arrangement and the application unit are movable relative to each other in the longitudinal direction of the fiber via a translational motion arrangement so that a wetting process is implemented substantially along an entire length of the fiber.

Abstract: A concrete protective agent including an alkali metal-containing silicate and an alkaline electrolyzed water. A concrete protective agent including an alkali metal-containing silicate and silicon dioxide. Examples of the alkali metal-containing silicate include sodium silicate, potassium silicate and lithium silicate. By supplying the concrete protective agent to a concrete structure, the repair of the concrete structure can be performed. A concrete repairing agent having a significant repairing effect as compared with conventional concrete repairing agents.

Abstract: Provided are cementitious mixtures and processes for reinforcing a cementitious matrix. In one form of the process for reinforcing a cementitious matrix includes the steps of mixing a mineral cement and one or more populations of synthetic, low-crystallinity copolymer microfibers.

Abstract: The invention is directed to compositions and methods for the manufacture of pigmented solids structures for which can be used for construction and/or decoration. Manufacturing comprises fixing one or more pigments to an aggregate material such as crushed rock, stone or sand. The pigmented aggregate is incubated with urease or urease producing microorganisms, an amount of a nitrogen source such as urea, and an amount of calcium source such as calcium chloride forming calcite bridges between particles of aggregate. The resulting solid has a hardness and colorfastness for most any construction material. Using selected aggregate and pigment, the process also provides for the manufacture of simulated-stone materials such as clay or granite bricks or blocks, marble counter-tops, and more. The invention is also directed to composition containing microorganisms and pigment as kits that can be added to most any aggregate materials.

Abstract: Foamed asphalt compositions, recycled asphalt compositions, asphalt pavement, and methods of forming asphalt pavement using the foamed asphalt compositions are provided herein. An exemplary foamed asphalt composition is in a cellular matrix form and includes a base asphalt component and oxidized high density polyethylene. An exemplary asphalt pavement includes a recycled asphalt layer that includes the foamed asphalt composition and a recycled asphalt component. An exemplary method of forming asphalt pavement includes combining a base asphalt component and an oxidized high density polyethylene to form an asphalt mixture. The asphalt mixture is foamed using water and compressed air to form a foamed asphalt composition. The foamed asphalt composition and a recycled asphalt component are combined to form a recycled asphalt composition. A recycled asphalt layer is formed with the recycled asphalt composition.

Abstract: The present description relates to method of initiating the curing of carboxylic acid-treated material compositions to enable an initial lowering of the viscosity and stiffness of the material for low temperature wetting and coating of solid surfaces, for paving, for waterproofing, for roofing, and for underlayment applications. The present description relates to ecologically sound, non-toxic technology that enables a practitioner to improve the low-temperature cracking properties of a material or material composition while also inducing a rapid increase in the high-temperature stiffness and viscosity of the material or material composition, and to rapid cure and strength development of finished product composition for application in paving, roofing, adhesive interlayer bonding, roll finishing, blow-molding, water-proofing, and underlayment.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for the production of a cementitious material, comprising mixing cement starting materials, a healing agent and a fibrous reinforcing material, wherein the healing agent comprises bacterial material, and wherein the fibrous reinforcing material comprises a biodegradable polymer, having an average molecular weight selected from the range of 10-1500 kg/mol, and wherein the fibrous material comprises fibers having diameters selected from the range of 5-750 ?m, and having lengths selected from the range of 50 ?m-150 mm.

Abstract: A process and method for solving the high need for a sustainable materials and good energy economy in the area of buildings and civil infrastructures in a value added and ecological way is described. The solution is a processing method and mix design of a recovered hydraulic composite material, starting from mixed construction or demolition wastes and ending into the hydraulic composite material. The raw materials of this recovery composite material comprise before adding water dominantly (90-100 mass %) recycling materials, which are processed at a concentrated plant. Waste is collected from mixed construction and demolition wastes on site and from selected byproducts of the industry. The share of construction or demolition wastes alone is more than 50 mass-% and more than 60 volume-% of the dry composite material mix. Harmful constituents are separated from the constituents of the composite in the waste treatment process. The density of the composite varies and can be specified through the mix recipe.

Abstract: A formulation for use as a lost circulation preventive material is a cement-forming aqueous fluid comprising water, a viscoelastic surfactant (VES), a monovalent or multivalent salt, a magnesium powder, a retarder, a weighting material, and a dispersant. The formulation is used in a method of drilling into a subterranean formation that includes introducing into a wellbore passing at least partially through the subterranean formation the cement-forming aqueous fluid, and further increasing the viscosity of the aqueous fluid with the VES; where the monovalent salt is present in an amount effective to pseudo-crosslink the elongated VES micelles to further increase the viscosity of fluid. The formulation further forms a cement by reacting the magnesium powder and the water which reaction is retarded by the retarder. The water may be saline water. When the fluid density is greater than 14 pounds per gallon, a dispersant is required, such as a sulfonated copolymer.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to clay-based articles (e.g., articles of cookware) and methods of making the same.

Abstract: A sintered ceramic component can have a final composition including at least 50 wt. % MgO and at least one desired dopant, wherein each dopant of the at least one desired dopant has a desired dopant content of at least 0.1 wt. %. All impurities (not including the desired dopant(s)) are present at a combined impurity content of less than 0.7 wt. %. A remainder can include Al2O3. The selection of dopants can allow for better control over the visual appearance of the sintered ceramic component, reduces the presence of undesired impurities that may adversely affect another part of an apparatus, or both. The addition of the dopant(s) can help to improve the sintering characteristics and density as compared to a sintered ceramic component that includes the material with no dopant and a relatively low impurity content.

Abstract: The invention relates to a fire-resistant ceramic product.

Abstract: A dielectric ceramic composition contains a first main ingredient of BaTiO3 and a second main ingredient of BaTi2O5, and a base material powder containing the first and second main ingredients is represented by (1-x)BaTiO3-xBaTi2O5 and x satisfies 0.1?x?0.8. The dielectric ceramic composition may include additional accessory ingredients, and may be used to form ceramic sheets having internal electrodes of a multilayer ceramic capacitor disposed thereon.

Abstract: A dielectric composition, a dielectric element, an electronic component and a laminated electronic component are disclosed. In various embodiment, the dielectric composition includes a main component represented by (BiaNabSrcLnd)TiO3, wherein Ln is at least one element selected from the group consisting of: La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho and Yb, and wherein a, b, c and d satisfy the following: 0<a<0.50, 0<b<0.50, 0<c?0.80, 0<d?0.20, and 0.90?a+b+c+d?1.05.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and processes are used to prepare novel ceramic composite structures that are strong, durable, light-weight, high performance and suitable for a myriad of industrial applications, including, but not limited to, ceramic plates of material suitable for use as ballistic armor. The low manufacturing costs of the processes disclosed provide cheaper, faster ways of producing ceramic matrix composites at lower temperatures and allow for the existence of composite materials and structures which currently are not available.

Abstract: A process for fabricating a carbon-carbon composite article including the steps of: (a) providing a liquid carbon precursor composition; wherein the liquid precursor composition has a neat viscosity of less than about 10,000 mPa-s at 25° C.

Abstract: An apparatus for preparing foam for incorporation into cementitious slurry comprises a conduit having an inlet for receiving a gas feed and a surfactant feed, and an outlet for allowing the exit of foam. The conduit houses a porous plug that provides a partial barrier to fluid flow along the conduit, the plug comprising a plurality of particles that are packed in a regular array and that define a three-dimensional network of pores extending therebetween. The apparatus comprises a resilient component located between the plug and the conduit.

Abstract: Methods and an associated system for processing unhardened concrete are disclosed. With these methods, the porosity of the unhardened concrete is significantly increased to decrease the strength so much that it can be easily broken up for sale or reuse. In at least one embodiment, the method includes adding a large volume of foam to the returned unhardened concrete and then mixing the foam with the returned concrete in the ready-mix concrete truck or other concrete mixing devices at any location including the jobsite, enroute to the concrete plant, or at the concrete plant. Through the mixing of foam with the returned concrete, the hydrated cement and aggregate particles are separated by large volumes of air voids, which significantly increase the porosity and dramatically reduce the strength of the returned concrete. The treated concrete is discharged and allowed to solidify in this weakened state, after which it is easily broken into loose particulate material that can be sold or reused.

Abstract: Disclosed is a particulate, urea-containing composition, to a method and apparatus for producing it, to the use thereof as fertilizer, as technical urea or as feed additive, and to the use of an additive for producing a particulate, urea-containing composition.

Abstract: A method for the production of an agent for enhancing soil growth is described, comprising: grinding a biomass feedstock to produce ground biomass particles; subjecting the ground biomass particles to a biofractioning process including an auger reactor; selectively collecting at least one volatile component as it is released from the ground biomass particles; collecting a last remaining nonvolatile component comprising BMF char; rendering a surface of the BMF char hydrophilic; exposing the BMF char to microorganisms; and adding the BMF char to soil.

Abstract: A stable composition is provided as plant growth promoters. The composition comprises of at least one source of weak acid, at least one free base and at least one penetration agent. Fertilizers and stabilizers can also be present as additional materials 5 in the plant growth promoting composition.

Abstract: Field harvested culture mix is used to inoculate organic waste and produce an inoculated waste material, where the field harvested culture mix includes soil derived microbes. The inoculated waste material is shredded to produce shredded inoculated waste material which is fermented the shredded inoculated waste material for at least 7 days. Contents from the fermenter are then transferred into a dewatering device to produce dewatered contents which are then separated into soluble and suspended products.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing product olefins by catalytic dehydration of suitable reactants, comprising the steps of feeding a educt stream comprising an alcohol-water mixture into a dehydration unit, wherein the alcohol-water mixture comprises at least one alcohol and water, and converting the reactants contained in the educt stream in the dehydration unit by catalytic dehydration to a mixed reaction product stream, the dehydrating conditions in the dehydration unit being selected such that the dehydration of the alcohol comprises only a low conversion of at least one alcohol used to the desired at least one product olefin, such that the unreacted at least one alcohol in the mixed reaction product stream comprises an alcohol content ranging from 20 wt %-80 wt %.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a production method of an ?-olefin oligomer for producing an ?-olefin by performing an oligomerization reaction of an ?-olefin in a reaction solvent in the presence of a catalyst in a reactor, which is a production method of an ?-olefin oligomer, comprising circulating and feeding, to the reactor, a condensate liquid obtained by introducing part of gas of the gas phase part inside the reactor into a heat exchanger and cooling the gas, wherein the condensate liquid circulated and fed to the reactor is dispersed in the gas phase part inside the reactor; and a production apparatus of an ?-olefin oligomer.

Abstract: A method for producing ethylbenzene (EB) comprising introducing to an oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) reactor an OCM reactant mixture comprising CH4 and O2; allowing the OCM reactant mixture to react via OCM reaction to form an OCM product mixture comprising C2H4, C2H6, water, CO, CO2 and unreacted methane; separating the water and optionally CO and/or CO2 from the OCM product mixture to yield an EB reactant mixture comprising C2H4, C2H6, unreacted methane, and optionally CO and/or CO2; (d) introducing benzene and an EB reactant mixture to an EB reactor; allowing benzene to react in a liquid phase with the ethylene of the EB reactant mixture to form EB; recovering from the EB reactor an EB product mixture comprising EB and unreacted benzene, and an unreacted alkanes mixture comprising C2H6 and unreacted methane, and optionally CO and/or CO2; and optionally recycling the unreacted alkanes mixture to the OCM reactor.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for converting paraffin to olefin comprising the following steps: (a) providing a hydrocarbon feedstock containing at least one paraffin having 1 to 12 carbon atoms and at least one olefin having 2 to 12 carbon atoms; (b) providing a catalyst containing at least one Group VIA and/or Group VIIA transition metal on a solid support; (c) pretreating the catalyst by contacting the catalyst with at least one reducing gas and at least one oxidizing gas; and (d) contacting the by hydrocarbon feedstock and the pretreated catalyst at a temperature in the range of 200° C. to 600° C., preferably 320° C. to 450° C. and to a catalyst for use therein.

Abstract: A separation apparatus 10 includes a pretreatment section 20 that subjects a target fluid containing an olefin compound to at least one or more of a treatment for reducing an acetylene-based compound, a treatment for reducing a sulfur compound, and a treatment for reducing a fine particle component. In the pretreatment section 20, one or more treatments selected from a hydrotreating and an adsorption treatment with an adsorbent may be performed as the treatment for reducing the acetylene-based compound, one or more treatments selected from a washing and absorption treatment, an adsorption treatment with an adsorbent, and a hydrodesulfurization treatment may be performed as the treatment for reducing the sulfur compound, and one or more treatments selected from a liquid absorption treatment, a collection treatment, or a filtration treatment with a filter may be performed as the treatment for reducing the fine particle component.

Abstract: A catalytic composition is disclosed, which exhibits an X-ray amorphous oxide with a spinel formula, and crystals of ZnO, CuO, and at least one Group VIB metal oxide, and preferably, at least one acidic oxide of B, P. or Si, as well. The composition is useful in oxidative processes for removing sulfur from gaseous hydrocarbons.

Abstract: A process is provided comprising contacting and reacting the compound CF3CF2CHXCl, wherein X is H or Cl, or the compound CF3CF?CXCl, wherein X is H or Cl, with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst consisting essentially of Cu, Ru, Cu—Pd, Ni—Cu, and Ni—Pd, to obtain as a result thereof reaction product comprising hydrofluoropropenes or intermediates convertible to said hydrofluoropropenes, notably CF3CF?CH2 and CF3CH?CHF.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates generally to ceramic materials suitable for use as catalyst support materials, catalysts using such materials and methods for using them, such as methods for converting sugars, sugar alcohols, glycerol, and bio-renewable organic acids to commercially-valuable chemicals and intermediates. One aspect of the invention is a ceramic material including zirconium oxide and one or more metal oxides selected from nickel oxide, copper oxide, cobalt oxide, iron oxide and zinc oxide, the ceramic material being at least about 50 wt. % zirconium oxide. In certain embodiments, the ceramic material is substantially free of any binder, extrusion aid or additional stabilizing agent.

Abstract: A process for the hydrogenation of methyl acetate to methanol and ethanol comprising feeding a hydrogenation feed composition comprising methyl acetate and water, together with hydrogen and at least one carbon oxide selected from carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide, into a hydrogenation unit containing a copper-zinc oxide hydrogenation catalyst and hydrogenating the methyl acetate to produce a hydrogenation product stream comprising ethanol, methanol, unreacted methyl acetate, water, unreacted hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and ethyl acetate, wherein said hydrogenation unit is operated in the vapour phase at elevated temperature, preferably at a temperature in the range of from 180 to 270° C.

Abstract: The present invention provides an apparatus and a method which can be used for improving energy efficiency in production of a chemical product. The apparatus 1 for producing a chemical product comprises a synthesis gas generation unit 11, a synthesis unit 16, and a reforming unit 12. The synthesis gas generation unit 11 generates a synthesis gas by partial oxidation of these carbon sources. The synthesis unit 16 subjects the provided synthesis gas to catalytic reaction so as to synthesize a chemical product. The reforming unit 1 reforms hydrocarbons generated in at least one of the synthesis gas generation unit 11 and the synthesis unit 16 into carbon monoxide and hydrogen, and feeds them into the synthesis unit 16. The reforming unit 12 reforms the hydrocarbons by utilizing heat exhausted from the synthesis gas generation unit 11.

Abstract: A multistage tubular reaction system and method for preparing methylol derivatives of an aldehyde includes a tubular reaction system with a plurality of successive reactor stages comprising a plurality of jacketed reaction tubes provided with a cooling system adapted to control flow of a cooling medium through said jacketed reaction tubes. The cooling medium flow is controlled independently in different stages in response to temperature measurements in the reaction system to regulate temperature. In order to further reduce temperature spikes and byproduct generation, aldehyde is stepwise added to the production stream at a plurality of feed ports proximate to reaction tubes equipped with tube inserts to enhance mixing and heat transfer.

Abstract: A Plasma Arc Reformer for creating a useful fuel, such as Methanol, using any of Methane, Municipal Solid Waste, farm or forest waste, coal orchar rock from oil shale production, petrochemical hydrocarbons, (any carbon containing charge), water, and/or Municipal Sewage, as the source material. A High temperature Plasma Arc de-polymerizes the source material into atoms which, upon partial cooling, creates a gas stream rich in CO and H2 (syngas). Subsequent molecular filter and catalyst stages in the system remove contaminants and produce the output fuel. The system is closed loop with regard to the syngas production in that it recycles the residual unconverted gas and even the exhaust gases if desired. The large amount of heat produced is captured and converted to electric power using a supercritical CO2 Rankin cycle resulting in potentially high efficiencies.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates, in general, to 5-halo-3,6-dichlorosalicylic acid compounds, 5-halo-3,6-dichlorosalicy-aldehyde compounds, processes for preparing 5-halo-3,6-dichlorosalicylic acid compounds, processes for preparing 5-halo-3,6-di-chlorosalicyaldehyde compounds, processes for preparing 3,6-dichlorosalicylic acid compounds, and processes that employ such compounds as intermediates in the preparation of the herbicide dicamba.

Abstract: A method of operating a heavy ends column in an acetic acid production unit, said production unit comprising at least a reaction section, a light ends recovery section comprising a light ends distillation column, and a heavy ends column, wherein a stream comprising acetic acid and propionic acid obtained from the light ends recovery section is fed to the heavy ends column through a feed inlet positioned at an intermediate point in the heavy ends column, a product stream comprising essentially acetic acid is withdrawn from the heavy ends column through a sidedraw product outlet position above the feed inlet, and a product stream comprising the propionic acid is withdrawn from the heavy ends column through a heavy product outlet positioned below the feed inlet, wherein the heavy ends column is operated under conditions such that the pressure in the heavy ends column above the feed inlet is lower than the pressure of the stream comprising acetic acid and propionic acid that is fed to the heavy ends column, and w

Abstract: A process for removing acetic acid from an aqueous stream containing yellow oil. According to the process, yellow oil is removed from the aqueous stream prior to the removal of acetic acid by a reverse osmosis membrane.

Abstract: The invention describes processes to prepare levulinic acid, formic acid and/or hydroxymethyl furfural from various biomass materials.

Abstract: Disclosed is a continuous process for the preparation of ingenol-3-mebutate by reaction, in solution, of ingenol or ingenol anion and angelic anhydride or an equivalent angelylating agent. The continuous flow process is preferably performed in the presence of a base such as lithium hexamethyl disilazane (LiHMDS) and/or an activating agent such as dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC). Also disclosed is a process for recycling the other reaction products obtained in the continuous process for preparation of ingenol-3-mebutate for formation of ingenol, which can then be recycled to form ingenol-3-mebutate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to ketamine derivatives of the formula (I), pharmaceutical compositions comprising them, and methods for treating pain comprising administering them, and their use in the manufacture of medicaments for treating pain. The present invention also relates to methods for anaesthetizing and methods for sedating a subject comprising administering ketamine derivatives of the formula (II).