Abstract: The present invention can reduce the amount of carbon dioxide exhausted during the production of an organic substance from waste. The apparatus 1 for producing an organic substance, comprises a synthesis gas generation furnace 11 and a fermenter 13. The synthesis gas generation furnace 11 generates a synthesis gas by partial oxidation of waste. The fermenter 13 contains microorganisms which produce an organic substance from the synthesis gas. The fermenter 13 comprises a first fermenter unit 13a and a second fermenter unit 13b.

Abstract: The invention is for an increased isoprenoid production by carotenoid optimization in an expression system and the carotegenic gene for optimization may be geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase (GGPPS), phytoene synthase (PSY1), conserved CRTI or mutated CRT1A393T, BT1 of S. cerevisae. The carotogenic gene from red yeast which includes Rhodosporidium spp. Rhodotorula spp, Sporidiobolus spp., Leucosporidium spp., Sporobolomyes spp. is selected.

Abstract: The invention provides for methods for the production of mevalonate, isoprene, isoprenoid precursor molecules, and/or isoprenoids in cells via the heterologous expression of phosphoketolase enzymes.

Abstract: A process including the steps of: providing a glycerol rich-fraction as carbon source to a fermentation medium; fermenting the fermentation medium by means of a microorganism capable of producing propionic acid in the presence of a caustic salt to provide a fermentation broth including a propionic acid salt; and recovering propionic acid salt from the fermentation broth, wherein the glycerol rich-fraction is derived from a process including the steps of: subjecting the glycerol fraction to an evaporative crystallization step to form a distillate fraction including water, and a residue fraction including glycerol and solid salts; and subjecting the residue fraction to a salt removal step, resulting in a salt fraction and a glycerol-rich fraction. The process allows the manufacture of a propionic acid salt using a glycerol-rich carbon source without problems in down-stream processing, and without need for cost-intensive purification steps for the glycerol.

Abstract: A PHA copolymer which is slowly crystallized is improved in crystallization speed to improve the melt workability of the PHA copolymer in working such as injection molding, film molding, blow molding, fiber spinning, extrusion foaming or bead foaming, thereby improving the resultant articles in productivity. A method for the improvement is a method for producing a PHA mixture, including the step of culturing a microorganism having both of a gene encoding a PHA synthase that synthesizes a copolymer PHA (A) and that is derived from the genus Aeromonas, and a gene encoding a PHA synthase that synthesizes a PHA (B) different in melting point from the copolymer PHA (A) by 10° C. or more to produce, in a cell of the microorganism, two or more PHAs different in melting point from one another by 10° C. or more simultaneously.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for producing a microbial storage compound, in particular polyhydroxyalkanoate, using micro-organisms capable of accumulating such microbial storage compound,wherein such micro-organisms are selected and the microbial storage compound is accumulated by carrying out the so-called feast phase of the selection step and the accumulation of the microbial storage compound in selected micro-organisms in the same reactor and carrying out the so-called famine phase of the selection step in a separate, smaller, reactor.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the field of fungal biotechnology, more particularly to genetic engineering methods for the production of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in fungal hosts selected from Rhodosporidium and Rhodotorula genera. The present invention further relates to a modified fungal host cell having reduced native aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALD 1) enzyme activity, and methods for producing omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids and triacylglycerides, by growing said fungal host cell under suitable conditions.

Abstract: Provided is a method of producing L-amino acids by using a recombinant coryneform microorganism in which the expression of a target gene is weakened by using a gene transcription inhibition method.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a microorganism able to produce L-threonine or L-tryptophan, and to a method for producing L-threonine or L-tryptophan by using same. More specifically, the present invention relates to: recombinant Escherichia coli which is more efficient in producing L-threonine or L-tryptophan by increasing the ability to produce ATP which is used as the most plentiful energy source in cells when producing L-threonine or L-tryptophan; and a method for producing L-threonine or L-tryptophan by using same.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing methoxy-isoflavones by biotransformation and a use thereof are revealed herein. The method comprises the steps of synthesizing a nucleic acid sequence including a SpOMT2884 gene ofStreptomyces peucetius; cloning the nucleic acid sequence into an expression vector to form a cyclic recombinant plasmid; transforming the cyclic recombinant plasmid into a microbial expression system (Escherichia coli); and incubating the microbial expression system in a medium containing 8-hydroxydaidzeins therein for generating methoxy-isoflavones.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for degrading or converting a cellulosic material and for producing substances from the cellulosic material under high temperature conditions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to isolated polypeptides having catalase activity and polynucleotides encoding the polypeptides. The invention also relates to nucleic acid constructs, vectors, and host cells comprising the polynucleotides as well as methods of producing and using the polypeptides.

Abstract: The present invention provides process for treating crop kernels, comprising the steps of a) soaking kernels in water to produce soaked kernels; b) grinding the soaked kernels; c) treating the soaked kernels in the presence of an effective amount of an enzyme composition comprising: i) a protease, and ii) a cellulolytic composition, wherein step c) is performed before, during or after step b).

Abstract: An enzymatically produced soluble ?-glucan fiber composition is provided suitable for use as a digestion resistant fiber in food and feed applications. The soluble ?-glucan fiber composition can be blended with one or more additional food ingredients to produce fiber-containing compositions. Methods for the production and use of compositions comprising the soluble ?-glucan fiber are also provided.

Abstract: An enzymatically produced soluble ?-glucan fiber composition is provided suitable for use as a digestion resistant fiber in food and feed applications. The soluble ?-glucan fiber composition can be blended with one or more additional food ingredients to produce fiber-containing compositions. Methods for the production and use of compositions comprising the soluble ?-glucan fiber are also provided.

Abstract: An enzymatically produced soluble ?-glucan fiber composition is provided suitable for use as a digestion resistant fiber in food and feed applications. The soluble ?-glucan fiber composition can be blended with one or more additional food ingredients to produce fiber-containing compositions. Methods for the production and use of compositions comprising the soluble ?-glucan fiber are also provided.

Abstract: High molecular weight heparosan polymers are described, as are methods of producing and using the high molecular weight heparosan polymers.

Abstract: A method for cell-free protein synthesis, the method comprising synthesizing RNA or a protein of interest in a reaction mixture comprising: a template DNA encoding the RNA or protein of interest; and a biological extract of a protease-deficient bacterial cell that has been genetically modified to express a heterologous RNA polymerase, the extract further comprising components necessary for transcription and translation of the protein. Also provided are a method for producing a reaction mixture for cell-free protein synthesis and kits for executing these methods.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for preparative in vitro protein synthesis in a cell-free transcription/translation system, comprising the following steps: a) in a reaction vessel, a reaction solution is prepared, comprising the following synthesis substances: components of the transcription/translation apparatus for a defined-protein, amino acids, and metabolic components supplying energy and being necessary for the synthesis of the defined protein, b) the synthesis is performed in the reaction vessel in a defined period of time, c) after expiration of the defined period of time, the reaction solution is subjected to a separation step, in which generated low-molecular metabolic products are separated from the solution (and extracted).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for preparing 7-dehydrocholesterol and/or the biosynthetic intermediates and/or secondary products thereof by culturing organisms, in particular yeasts. Furthermore, the invention relates to the preparation of the nucleic acid constructs required for preparing the genetically modified organisms and to said genetically modified organisms, in particular yeasts, themselves.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a biosensor capable of measuring the total concentration of one or a plurality of amino acids with the use of a reaction surface comprising one or a plurality of metabolic enzymes or functional fragments thereof, but wherein the reaction surface does not comprise an electrode or electrically conductive support. In some embodiments, the biosensor comprises use of a thermophilic bacterial metabolic enzyme immobilized or attached to the reaction surface.

Abstract: The instant disclosure describes a novel genotype and phenotype assay to elucidate and/or evaluate new potential HIV integrase inhibitors, but also currently approved and experimental compounds that target protease, reverse transcriptase, and RNaseH. This assay allows studying linked mutations and mutational patterns that occur under HAART and experimental therapies.

Abstract: The present specification discloses methods of detecting a pathogen of interest and components useful in carrying out these methods, including a pre-enrichment media, and enrichment media and a detection solution.

Abstract: The present invention provides a high throughput method to quantify and characterize the size and integrity of viruses and viral molecules using chromatographic system and in-line Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) technique. In one embodiment, the present method quantifies and characterizes the size and integrity of enveloped or non-enveloped virus, live or live-attenuated or inactivated virus, recombinant viral vectors, or virus-like particles (VLPs). In one embodiment, the present invention comprises a column-switching system for running multiple analyses simultaneously. The present invention also provides a method to develop and evaluate virus containing products for the prevention of viral diseases. In another embodiment, the methods described herein serve as in-process quality control for manufacturing processes of virus vaccines.

Abstract: Provided is a compound that comprises the structure: where SIG is a signaling molecule and R3 is a formyl, a succinyl, a methyl succinyl, or a myristoyl. Also provided is a kit is provided that comprises the above compound, with instructions for determining the presence of the enzyme. Additionally, a method is provided for determining whether a sample has an enzyme that removes a succinyl, a methyl succinyl, a formyl, or a myristoyl moiety from an ?-amino of a lysine. Also provided is a method of determining whether a molecule inhibits an enzyme that removes a succinyl, a methyl succinyl, a formyl, or a myristoyl moiety from an ?-amino of a lysine.

Abstract: To provide a method for simply measuring ethanolamine phosphate in a sample, and a reagent, kit, program and the like useful in the method. A measurement method of ethanolamine phosphate includes a first step of adding an enzyme, which can catalyze a reaction that forms acetaldehyde from ethanolamine phosphate, to a sample, and conducting a first enzymatic reaction to form acetaldehyde, phosphoric acid and ammonia; and a second step of quantifying at least one of the resultant acetaldehyde, phosphoric acid and ammonia to determine an amount of the ethanolamine phosphate in the measurement sample.

Abstract: Provided herein are formulations for the stabilization of one or more polypeptide or nucleic acid molecule in a native, non-denatured state at ambient temperatures. Also provided are compositions, articles of manufacture, kits and methods for substantially stable storage of one or more polypeptide or nucleic acid molecule in a native, non-denatured, and/or functionally active conformation substantially free on intracellular polypeptides and nucleic acids at ambient temperatures are provided. Also provided are formulations for the stabilization of one or more exosome at ambient temperatures, and compositions, articles of manufacture, kits and methods of use.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for the sensitive identification of high-affinity complexes made of two ligands (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7) and one receptor (1). A large number of different ligands (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7) of a chemical library are hereby contacted with at least one receptor (1) in a solution. The ligands of the library have a single-strand DNA (8, 9) or RNA with a base length of 2 to 10 bases or alternatively more than 10 bases. In addition, the solution is incubated for a specific period of time and complexes made of two ligands (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7) and one receptor (1) are identified.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods and assays for high-throughput, rapid, and quantitative detection of Alternative Lengthening of Telomeres (ALT) activity in cells. The methods and assays involve detecting or assaying for partially double-stranded nucleic acid in a high-throughput format amenable to high-throughput screening optionally utilizing automation, wherein the presence of said circles is specific for cells comprising an active ALT mechanism. In some embodiments the methods find application in, inter alia, determining the level of ALT activity in a cell, determining the ALT status of a cancer in a subject, diagnosing and/or treating disease, determining disease status, analysis of treatment efficacy, and the identification of novel therapeutic agents in large-scale formats.

Abstract: A molecular sensor that utilises dichroism can be used to identify the presence of a target nucleic acid molecule in a sample, for example during or after amplification reactions such as PCR/thermocyling reactions and isothermal reactions. A sensor element for use in the molecular sensor may comprise an alignable scaffold/receptor complex, the receptor of said complex comprising a nucleic acid sequence which is complementary to at least a portion of a target nucleic acid molecule.

Abstract: A method for sequence-specifically detecting a nucleic acid molecule. The method requires: a) contacting in an absence of an electric field, a mixture of nucleic acid molecules with a base pairing hybridizing molecule (BPHM) having a sequence of interest in a first solution and obtaining a hybrid consisting the nucleic acid molecule and the BPHM; b) introducing the first solution from step (a) into an ITP system, the ITP system comprises a second solution of high effective mobility leading electrolyte (LE) ions and a third solution of low effective mobility trailing electrolyte (TE); and c) applying the electric field across the second solution and the third solution. The hybrid focus at the sharp LE-TE interface in the ITP system. The TE has a higher mobility than the BPHM and the TE has a lower mobility than the hybrid. Sequence-specifically the detecting nucleic acid molecule by a signal from a label.

Abstract: Disclosed is a probe mixture for real-time detection of target nucleic acids comprising at least one detection probe and at least one clamping probe for inhibiting amplification of wild type genes or unwanted genes, a kit using the same and a method for real-time detection of target nucleic acids using the mixture and the kit.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are hybridization buffer compositions and hybridization compositions, methods of making the compositions, and methods of using the compositions, such as the hybridization of DNA or RNA sequences by fluorescence in situ hybridization (“FISH”).

Abstract: Methods and reagents suitable for conducing polymerase chain reaction are described. In particular, a nucleic acid amplification design strategy and thermal cycling profile to enable efficient amplification of multiple nucleic acid targets along with improved sensitivity is disclosed. The present disclosure also describes methods and devices for increasing the melting temperature (Tm) of a primer.

Abstract: This disclosure provides a biochip comprising a plurality of wells. The biochip includes a membrane that is disposed in or adjacent to an individual well of the plurality of wells. The membrane comprises a nanopore, and the individual well comprises an electrode that detects a signal upon ionic flow through the pore in response to a species passing through or adjacent to the nanopore. The electrode can be a non-sacrificial electrode. A lipid bilayer can be formed over the plurality of wells using a bubble.

Abstract: A method for identifying any of the presence, location and phasing of modified cytosines (C) in long stretches of nucleic acids is provided. In some embodiments, the method may comprise (a) reacting a first portion of a nucleic acid sample containing at least one C and/or at least one modified C with a DNA glucosyltransferase and a cytidine deaminase to produce a first product and/or reacting a second portion of the sample with a dioxygenase, optionally a DNA glucosyltransferase and a cytidine deaminase to produce a second product and; (b) comparing the sequences from the first and optionally the second product obtained in (a), or amplification products thereof, with each other and/or an untreated reference sequence to determine which Cs in the initial nucleic acid fragment are modified. A modified TET methylcytosine dioxygenase with improved efficiency compared to unmodified TET2 at converting methylcytosine to carboxymethylcytosine is also provided.

Abstract: Provided herein are compositions and methods for generating phase-shift barcode oligonucleotides for library construction for next-generation sequencing. In some cases, barcode oligonucleotides are attached to particles or beads. Also provided are methods and kits for using the phase-shift barcode oligonucleotides in sequencing assays.

Abstract: Chemical functionalization of solid-state nanopores and nanopore arrays and applications thereof. Nanopores are extremely sensitive single-molecule sensors. Recently, electron beams have been used to fabricate synthetic nanopores in thin solid-state membranes with sub-nanometer resolution. A new class of chemically modified nanopore sensors are provided with two approaches for monolayer coating of nanopores by: (1) self-assembly from solution, in which nanopores ?10 nm diameter can be reproductibly coated, and (2) self-assembly under voltage-driven electrolyte flow, in which 5 nm nanopores may be coated. Applications of chemically modified nanopore are provided including: the detection of biopolymers such as DNA and RNA; immobilizing enzymes or other proteins for detection or for generating chemical gradients; and localized pH sensing.

Abstract: This invention relates to methods and systems for measuring T cell diversity. It is particularly related to methods of identifying T cell receptor (TCR) pairs and their relative frequencies and finds particular use in antigen-specific T cell populations and other T cell populations with limited polyclonality.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for non-invasively detecting, expecting, or diagnosing fetal single nucleotide polymorphisms and the resultant monogenic disorders, through maternal cell-free DNA sequencing.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods of predicting the risk of developing a neurological disorder in a mammalian subject and methods of use of this profile for providing neuroanalytical services for an end user. Also disclosed is a system comprising a processor and a memory having a neurodiagnostic algorithm and plurality of data sets, the processor being capable of reading the data sets, executing the neurodiagnostic algorithm, and deriving a risk profile therefrom.

Abstract: The present invention provides stratification methods and kits to identify whether an individual having an inflammation-related disorder has genotype-specific differential expression of IL-1, i.e., is a “high” or “low” producer of IL-1, such that s/he can be provided an appropriate anti-inflammatory drug and at an appropriate dose. The stratification of high or low IL-1 producers is used to guide assignment of different drug doses and therefore reduce drug toxicity and adverse events in an individual who, without stratification, may be prescribed a higher dose than needed to manage the primary indication. The use of IL-1 stratification of drug dosing would allow a better clinical benefit-risk appraisal in an individual patient.

Abstract: The invention provides oncogenomic methods for detecting tumors by identifying circulating tumor DNA. A patient-specific reference directed acyclic graph (DAG) represents known human genomic sequences and non-tumor DNA from the patient as well as known tumor-associated mutations. Sequence reads from cell-free plasma DNA from the patient are mapped to the patient-specific genomic reference graph. Any of the known tumor-associated mutations found in the reads and any de novo mutations found in the reads are reported as the patient's tumor mutation burden.

Abstract: The present invention relates to oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes, as well as other genes, involved in prostate cancer and their expression products, as well as derivatives and analogs thereof. Provided are therapeutic compositions and methods of detecting and treating cancer, including prostate and other related cancers. Also provided are methods of diagnosing and/or prognosing prostate cancer by determining the expression level of at least one prostate cancer-cell-specific gene, including, for example, the ERG gene or the LTF gene alone, or in combination with at least one of the AMACR gene and the DD3 gene.

Abstract: The disclosure provides compositions and methods for detecting and predicting acquired resistance to anti-EGFR treatment in colorectal cancers. Also provided are compositions and methods of preventing, reversing or delaying the acquired resistance. The present disclosure also provides kits for use in the methods described herein.

Abstract: The invention provides one or more miRNAs, including but not limited miR-103, miR-30d, and miR-30e, for predicting the response of cancer cells to glucorticoids treatment. The invention further provides therapeutic uses of said miRNA molecules for increasing cells sensitivity to glucorticoids induced cell apoptosis.

Abstract: This invention relates to a kit for detecting NRAS gene mutation, and this kit can be used to detect cancer-related NRAS gene mutation. The said kit comprises: (1) the internal reference detection reagent, which includes the internal reference gene specific primers, internal reference gene specific probes and dNTP solution; (2) the NRAS mutation detection reagent, which includes the NRAS gene mutant type specific primers, NRAS gene mutant type specific probes, internal control gene specific primers, internal control gene specific probes and dNTP solution; (3) the Taq DNA polymerase; and (4) the NRAS positive quality control.

Abstract: The invention provides TERT gene fusions, TERT fusion proteins, and fragments of those genes and polypeptides. The invention further provides methods of diagnosing diseases or disorders associated with TERT fusions, such as conditions mediated by aberrant TERT expression or activity, or overexpression of TERT.

Abstract: The present invention stems from the finding that two genes designated R2R1 and R2R2, play important roles in tissue development and cancer biology. In particular, the inventors have discovered that these two genes are expressed in pulmonary cells and are required for late branching morphogenesis of pulmonary epithelium and endothelium and support the development/maintenance of the refined three dimensional architecture of the lung. These genes are essential in the squamous differentiation program and development/maintenance of the progenitor (Krt14 expressing) cell pool. Moreover, the inventors have identified crucial roles for these genes in cancer biology, particularly processes associated with the acquisition of an immortal and metastatic phenotype (including cancer progression and metastasis) and pulmonary and cardiac development. Accordingly, the invention provides compounds and methods for use in the treatment of cardiac and pulmonary diseases and well as in cancer.

Abstract: Panels of biomarkers, methods and systems are disclosed for determining gene expression, and diagnosing and treating melanoma.