Abstract: A fuel cell device includes a solid oxide fuel cell; an air-tight housing accommodating the solid oxide fuel cell; a gas concentration detector detecting a gas concentration of a combustible stagnant gas; and a controller performing an emergency stop by instantly stopping the supply of the fuel to the fuel electrode when the gas concentration is higher than an upper limit concentration and performing a normal stop by lowering a temperature of the fuel cell device while supplying the fuel to the fuel electrode when the gas concentration is not higher than the upper limit concentration and the gas concentration is higher than a predetermined concentration.

Abstract: A method for controlling the operation of an electrochemical device having at least one operating organ, comprising the steps of: receiving measurements related to the operation of the electrochemical device, and estimating at least diagnostics data based on said measurements, estimating prognostics data based on said diagnostics data and providing operation instructions to control said operating organ of the electrochemical device, said operation instructions being optimized with respect to said estimated diagnostics and prognostics data.

Abstract: A protective cover (10) for a portable computing device (1) provides a fuel source (14) disposed within a compartment in the protective cover. The fuel source may be a hydrogen fuel source suitable for delivering hydrogen to a fuel cell (15) within the protective cover or within the portable computing device, for generating electrical power for use by the portable computing device. The protective cover may have a plurality of planar panels (11) separated by a one or more hinge regions (12) which can each house a fuel source compartment. The protective cover may also be serviceable as a stand.

Abstract: A fuel cell system comprising a fuel cell stack, an evaporator for evaporating a mixture of methanol and water to be forwarded through a catalytic reformer for producing portions of free hydrogen. The fuel cell stack being composed of a number of proton exchange membrane fuel cells each featuring electrodes in form of an anode and a cathode for delivering an electric current. The system provides an enhanced system for evaporating the liquid fuel using a pre-evaporator, which partly evaporates the fuel, followed by a nozzle, which atomizes the fuel into a fine mist, before being passed to the final evaporation zone. This configuration ensures minimal fuel accumulation in the system and fast load transition's.

Abstract: One embodiment of the present invention is a unique fuel cell system. Another embodiment is a unique desulfurization system. Yet another embodiment is a method of operating a fuel cell system. Other embodiments include apparatuses, systems, devices, hardware, methods, and combinations for fuel cell systems and desulfurization systems. Further embodiments, forms, features, aspects, benefits, and advantages of the present application will become apparent from the description and figures provided herewith.

Abstract: One embodiment of the present invention is a unique fuel cell system. Another embodiment is a unique desulfurization system. Yet another embodiment is a method of operating a fuel cell system. Other embodiments include apparatuses, systems, devices, hardware, methods, and combinations for fuel cell systems and desulfurization systems. Further embodiments, forms, features, aspects, benefits, and advantages of the present application will become apparent from the description and figures provided herewith.

Abstract: A liquid electrolyte formed by reacting phosphoric acid (H3PO4) in the liquid state with silicon tetrachloride (SiCl4), thereby forming a fluid suspension. The fluid suspension is heated to yield a liquid electrolyte including phosphoric acid (H3PO4), pyrophosphoric acid (H4P2O7), and a particulate solid comprising a silicophosphoric acid, wherein the silicophosphoric acid is an acidic molecular compound including silicon and phosphorus. A concentrated silicophosphoric acid composition prepared by removing most of the liquid from the liquid electrolyte is dissolved in water to yield a homogeneous solution. The homogeneous solution is dried to yield a solid electrolyte. In some cases, the homogenous solution is dried on a substrate to coat at least a portion of the substrate with a proton conductive solid electrolyte. A fuel cell may include the liquid electrolyte, the solid electrolyte, or the coated substrate.

Abstract: The present specification relates to composite metal oxide particles manufactured by reacting two or more metal oxides and a method for manufacturing the same.

Abstract: According to the present disclosure, a pattern comprising protrusions and grooves is formed on all layers in a laminate laminating a composition layer for preparing an electrolyte; and at least one of a composition layer for preparing a fuel electrode and a composition layer for preparing an air electrode on the composition layer for preparing an electrolyte, which leads to advantages of saving time and costs in terms of process by carrying out sintering and pattern forming at once, while improving cell efficiency by increasing a surface area of the electrolyte layer.

Abstract: The battery cell for a flow battery includes a cell frame including a frame including a through-window and a manifold serving as an electrolyte flow path, and a bipolar plate blocking the through-window; a positive electrode disposed on one surface side of the bipolar plate; and a negative electrode disposed on another surface side of the bipolar plate. In this battery cell, in the frame, a thickness of a portion in which the manifold is formed is defined as Ft; in the bipolar plate, a thickness of a portion blocking the through-window is defined as Bt; in the positive electrode, a thickness of a portion facing the bipolar plate is defined as Pt; in the negative electrode, a thickness of a portion facing the bipolar plate is defined as Nt; and these thicknesses satisfy Ft?4 mm, Bt?Ft?3.0 mm, Pt?1.5 mm, and Nt?1.5 mm.

Abstract: A thermo-electro-chemical converter direct heat to electricity engine has a monolithic co-sintered ceramic structure or a monolithic fused polymer structure that contains a working fluid within a continuous closed flow loop. The co-sintered ceramic or fused polymer structure includes a conduit system containing a heat exchanger, a first high density electrochemical cell stack, and a second high density electrochemical cell stack.

Abstract: The present invention relates to batteries and more particularly to battery systems. More particularly, the present invention relates to metal-air based battery systems. In an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a battery system, the system comprising (a) a cell comprising a metal anode and a cathode current collector, the metal anode and the cathode current collector separated by a separator; (d) a gas diffusion tank; and (e) an electrolyte between the cathode current collector and the gas diffusion tank, the electrolyte comprising redox molecules.

Abstract: Provided is a fuel cell stack capable of suppressing damage to a seal member and suppressing leakage of a reaction gas to the outside of a casing or entry of water from the outside of the casing for a long period of time. The fuel cell stack includes a pair of end plates and holds a laminate from two sides in a direction, a casing which houses the laminate and has connection bars extended between the pair of end plates, a fastening member inserted into an end plate side mounting hole and a connection bar side mounting hole, and chamfered parts formed in an end plate side small diameter part of the end plate side mounting hole. A chamfer angle between an inner surface of the outer chamfered part and the direction is larger than a chamfer angle between an inner surface of the inner chamfered part and the direction.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a manufacturing device for a battery, includes, an electrolyte supply unit which introduces an electrolyte into a cell, a chamber which accommodates the battery cell, a first pressure adjustment unit configured to make a pressure in the battery cell lower than a pressure on the side of the electrolyte supply unit, and a second pressure adjustment unit configured to make a pressure outside the battery cell in the chamber lower than the pressure in the battery cell, thereby increasing the capacity of the battery cell.

Abstract: Provided is a multilayer cable-type secondary battery including: a first electrode assembly including one or more first inner electrodes, a first separation layer surrounding outer surfaces of the first inner electrodes to prevent short circuit of electrodes and a sheet-type first outer electrode spirally wound to surround the first separation layer; a third separation layer surrounding the first electrode assembly to prevent short circuit of electrodes; and a second electrode assembly including one or more second inner electrodes surrounding an outer surface of the third separation layer, a second separation layer surrounding outer surfaces of the second inner electrodes to prevent short circuit of electrodes and a sheet-type second outer electrode spirally wound to surround the second separation layer.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a preparation method of a laminated cell comprising: providing a laminated pack: the laminated pack comprises n laminated groups, the each laminated group comprises m electrode plate assemblies, a spacer is provided between the adjacent laminated groups, the electrode plate assemblies of all the laminated groups of the laminated pack and the spacers between the adjacent laminated groups are orderly positioned in a Z-shaped separator in a laminating direction, an upper part and a lower part of the separator adjacent to the each spacer are separated by the each spacer; forming a laminated cell: the separator is broken at an end of the each spacer positioned in the separator to allow the each spacer and the each laminated group to separate from each other, so as to obtain the corresponding laminated cell formed by the electrode plate assembly of the each laminated group and the corresponding separator.

Abstract: Embodiments described herein generally relate to spacers for applying a preload on one or more electrochemical cells disposed in a battery pack. In some embodiments, a battery pack can include a plurality of electrochemical cells. A spacer is disposed between each of the plurality of electrochemical cells such the spacer is centrally located with respect to the mid-point of adjacent electrochemical cells. The spacer can be sized and shaped to contact in the range of about 2% to about 50% of a surface area of each adjacent electrochemical cell such that the spacer exerts a preload on a central portion of the electrochemical cell.

Abstract: Embodiments described herein generally relate to porous spacers for applying a preload on one or more electrochemical cells disposed in a battery pack. In some embodiments, a battery pack can include a plurality of electrochemical cells. A porous spacer is disposed between each of the plurality of electrochemical cells such the porous spacer can be centrally located with respect to the mid-point of adjacent electrochemical cells. The porous spacer can be sized and shaped to contact in the range of about 50% to about 100% of a surface area of each adjacent electrochemical cell such that the porous spacer exerts a preload on a central portion or any combination of predetermined area of the electrochemical cell.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a receptacle (10) for accommodating at least one battery cell (12) for a battery module such that said battery cell is at least partially pressed in, wherein the receptacle (10) has two end plates (14a, 14b) which can be arranged on two opposite sides of the at least one battery cell (12), characterized in that the end plates (14a, 14b) are connected by a plurality of rod-like supports (16a-d) which are fixed to the end plates (14a, 14b), wherein the supports (16a-d) are designed to support in each case one edge (18a-d) of the at least one battery cell (12) in two dimensions. In summary, a receptacle (10) of the kind described above, in a particularly simple and cost-effective manner, allows battery cells (12) to be fixed in a battery module and allows the performance of a battery module to be maintained, irrespective of the temperature, by at least temporary bracing.

Abstract: An all-solid-state secondary battery includes: a positive electrode active substance layer; a negative electrode active substance layer; and a solid electrolyte layer, in which at least one layer of the positive electrode active substance layer, the negative electrode active substance layer, or the solid electrolyte layer contains a nitrogen-containing polymer having a repeating unit having at least one of a substituent X, a substituent Y, or a substituent Z and an inorganic solid electrolyte having conductivity of ions of metal belonging to Group 1 or 2 in the periodic table.

Abstract: An all-solid-state secondary battery includes a positive electrode active substance layer; a negative electrode active substance layer; and an inorganic solid electrolyte layer, in which at least one of the positive electrode active substance layer, the negative electrode active substance layer, or the inorganic solid electrolyte layer contains an inorganic solid electrolyte having conductivity of ions of metal belonging to Group 1 or 2 of the periodic table and a cellulose polymer.

Abstract: Provided is a lithium ion cell having a power generation part provided with a single cell obtained by stacking a positive electrode current collector, a positive electrode active material layer, a separator, a negative electrode active material layer, and a negative electrode current collector in the order, and an exterior cell container for accommodating the power generation part, in which the positive electrode active material layer is a non-bound material of a positive electrode active material particle, the negative electrode active material layer is a non-bound material of a negative electrode active material particle, and the single cell has flexibility.

Abstract: Described are electrolyte compositions and electrochemical devices containing the electrolyte compositions. The compositions include an organosilicon compound, an imide salt and optionally LiPF6. The electrolytes provide improved high-temperature performance and stability and will operate at temperatures as high as 250° C.

Abstract: The present invention relates solid electrolytes. The solid electrolyte compounds have a framework formula [MT3X10]n? (1) and a general formula AxMT3X10 (2), where M is a cation in octahedral coordination, T is a cation in tetrahedral coordination, X is an anion, and the framework has a net negative charge of ?n, where a variable number of potentially mobile additional chemical species, A, can fit into the open space within this framework with a net charge of +n.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are compositions and methods of making novel covalently cross-linked polyimines that are non-malleable under standard conditions but yet may be rendered malleable.

Abstract: A secondary battery is provided. The secondary battery includes a cathode; an anode; and a gel electrolyte, wherein the gel electrolyte includes an electrolytic solution and a polymer, and the electrolytic solution includes an unsaturated cyclic ester carbonate represented by Formula (2): where R5 and R6 are one of a hydrogen group, a halogen group, a monovalent hydrocarbon group, a monovalent halogenated hydrocarbon group, a monovalent oxygen-containing hydrocarbon group, and a monovalent halogenated oxygen-containing hydrocarbon group; and where R5 and R6 may be bonded to each other.

Abstract: A lithium-ion secondary battery of the present invention includes a cathode including an electrode material having electrode active material particles and an oxide coat and a carbonaceous film which coat surfaces of the electrode active material particles, an anode including a carbon-based active material, and an electrolytic solution, and the electrolytic solution does not substantially include additives for stabilizing a coat formed on a surface of the anode.

Abstract: An electrolyte for a lithium battery and a lithium battery including the electrolyte, the electrolyte including a compound represented by Formula 1; and LiPO2F2, wherein, in Formula 1, R1 and R2 are each independently a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C10 alkyl group or -L1-CN; and L and L1 are each independently a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C5 alkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C10 arylene group, or a substituted or unsubstituted C3-C20 heteroarylene group.

Abstract: Disclosed is a lithium secondary battery including: (i) a cathode active material including a lithium metal phosphate according to Formula 1 below; (ii) an anode active material including amorphous carbon; and (iii) an electrolyte for lithium secondary batteries including a lithium salt and an ether based solvent, wherein propylene carbonate (PC) is included in an amount of 1 wt % to 60 wt % in the electrolyte for lithium secondary batteries, based on the total weight of the electrolyte, Li1+aM(PO4?b)Xb??(1) wherein M is at least one selected from metals of Groups II to XII; X is at least one selected from F, S and N, ?0.5?a?+0.5, and 0?b?0.1.

Abstract: A thin film battery may comprise: a substrate comprising a substrate surface; a first current collector (FCC) layer formed on the substrate surface, the FCC layer having a first FCC surface and a second FCC surface and wherein the first FCC surface is in contact with the substrate and the second FCC surface is a first three-dimensional surface; a first electrode layer deposited on the first current collector, and an electrolyte layer deposited on the first electrode layer; wherein the interface between the first electrode layer and the electrolyte layer is a second three-dimensional surface roughly in conformity with the first three-dimensional surface. In embodiments, the substrate surface is a third three-dimensional surface and the first three-dimensional surface is roughly in conformity with the third three-dimensional surface. One of the first or the third three-dimensional surfaces may be formed by a laser ablation patterning process.

Abstract: A method is used to produce a prismatic battery cell having a cathode layer, an anode layer and two separator layers. The method includes winding an initial arrangement including the cathode layer, the anode layer and the two separator layers around a winding axis to produce a battery winding. The cathode layer and the anode layer each have longitudinal sides and transverse sides and are wound with the transverse sides parallel to the winding axis. The method further includes inserting the battery winding in a cell housing. The method further includes contacting contact surfaces of the cathode layer and the anode layer with current collectors, filling the cell housing with a liquid electrolyte, and closing the cell housing. The cathode layer and the anode layer, on one of their longitudinal sides, are cut to size during their supply to the initial arrangement to form contact surfaces.

Abstract: An organic electrolytic solution, including a first lithium salt, an organic solvent, and a bicyclic sulfate-based compound represented by Formula 1 below: wherein, in Formula 1, each of A1, A2, A3, and A4 is independently a covalent bond, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C5 alkylene group, a carbonyl group, or a sulfinyl group, wherein both A1 and A2 are not a covalent bond and both A3 and A4 are not a covalent bond.

Abstract: A power storage device with a high capacity is provided. A power storage device with a high energy density is provided. A highly reliable power storage device is provided. A power storage device with a long lifetime is provided. A method for manufacturing an electrode is characterized by including the steps of: mixing an active material, a binder, and a conductive additive to form a slurry; applying the slurry onto a current collector; drying the applied slurry to form an active material layer; and performing heat treatment in an atmosphere containing oxygen to form a film in contact with the current collector. The film is formed on a surface of the current collector where the active material layer is not provided and includes at least one component of the current collector and oxygen.

Abstract: A first battery pack includes a first battery module and a first controller. A second battery pack includes a second battery module and a second controller. The first battery pack and the second battery pack are installed to be freely attachable and detachable in relation to a main body. An activation manager performs an activation instruction such that the first controller and the second controller do not activate at a same timing. The first controller which activates earlier operates in an ordinary mode in which power is supplied from the first battery module to an AC load. The second controller which activates later operates in a standby mode in which power is not supplied from the second battery module to the AC load.

Abstract: An electrolyte solution and a flow cell battery are included herein. The electrolyte solution generally includes a zinc bromide electrolyte solution including one or more class A quat halides. The flow cell battery includes an electrolyte solution including one or more class A quat halides.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a battery module configured to have a structure in which two or more unit modules, each of which includes one or more battery cells, a frame member configured to have a structure to surround outer edges of the one or more battery cells, the frame member including cooling manifold elements located at opposite ends of one side of the outer edges of the battery cells, and a cooling member mounted in the frame member such that the cooling member faces the battery cells while being in contact with the battery cells, the cooling member including a plate-shaped cooling fin having a shape and a size corresponding to those of the battery cells and a coolant conduit having a hollow structure located at an outer edge of the cooling fin, are arranged while being in tight contact with each other, wherein the coolant conduit includes a coolant inlet port and a coolant outlet port connected to the cooling manifold elements of the frame member of each of the unit modules in a communicating fashion.

Abstract: A battery array frame according to an exemplary aspect of the present disclosure includes, among other things, a frame body, and a thermal fin including a body embedded in the frame body and a leg that extends outside of the frame body. The thermal fin is flexible between a first position in which the leg is spaced farther from a surface of the frame body and a second position in which the leg is spaced closer to the surface of the frame body.

Abstract: A battery system having a thermally conductive base member, a thermal interface member, and a battery module is provided. The thermal interface member is disposed on the thermally conductive base member and has first and second arcuate-shaped surfaces and a first groove. The battery module has a first pouch-type battery cell with a first outer housing having a first end portion with a first extension portion and first and second arcuate-shaped end surfaces. The first pouch-type battery cell is disposed directly on the thermal interface member such that the first extension portion is disposed in the first groove of the thermal interface member, and the first and second arcuate-shaped end surfaces are disposed directly on and against the first and second arcuate-shaped surfaces, respectively, of the thermal interface member.

Abstract: A multi-faceted zinc-air electrochemical cell design holistically leverages interactions between components, especially with respect to conductive carbons from differing sources, lamination and the resulting impact it has on the air electrode's surface and other additives that impact the relative hydrophilicity of the membrane and/or performance of the anode, to improve the overall reliability and performance of the resulting battery.

Abstract: A zinc-air battery includes an air cathode, a zinc anode, and an electrolyte, wherein the electrolyte includes an amphoteric fluorosurfactant.

Abstract: An electrode includes a plant-derived porous carbon material having an ability to catalyze oxygen reduction.

Abstract: Disclosed is a four-mode defected ground structure filter, including a four-mode defected ground structure resonator and two microstrip feed lines. The four-mode defected ground structure resonator comprises a metal dielectric substrate and a defected ground unit which is etched in one surface of the metal dielectric substrate; the microstrip feed lines are arranged at another surface of the metal dielectric substrate; shape of the defected ground unit is axially symmetric about a first central axis of the defected ground unit, and is axially symmetric about a second central axis of the defected ground unit; the first defected ground unit is provided with H-shape or quasi H-shape, the second defected ground unit is provided with L-shape, quasi L-shape, U-shape or quasi U-shape.

Abstract: A profile-reduced or size-reduced filter is to be provided. The filter includes: a metallic casing, an opening provided in the metallic casing, a metallic cover configured to cover the opening, and a TM mode dielectric resonator disposed in the opening and configured to electrically contact a bottom surface of the metallic casing, and the metallic cover. The TM mode dielectric resonator has a height lower than a lowest possible height at which a ¼ wavelength semi-coaxial resonator is disposed in the opening.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a four-mode defected ground structure resonator, comprising a metal dielectric substrate and a defected ground unit which is etched in one surface of the metal dielectric substrate; the shape of the defected ground unit is axially symmetric about a first central axis of the defected ground unit, and also the shape of the defected ground unit is axially symmetric about a second central axis of the defected ground unit; the first defected ground unit is provided with H-shape or quasi H-shape, the second defected ground unit is provided with L-shape, quasi L-shape, U-shape or quasi U-shape. The four-mode defected ground structure resonator of the present invention is provided with four types of resonant modes, and the four types of resonant modes are provided with good tunability.

Abstract: An electromagnetic coupler that couples antenna signals for a wideband antenna positioned between glass layers of an automotive windshield. The coupler includes a first co-planar waveguide (CPW) formed on one side of a glass layer and a second CPW formed on the other side of the glass layer, where the first and second CPWs are a mirror, or near-mirror, and 180° rotated images of each other. Both the first and second CPWs include a conductive plane where removed portions of the plane define a wide CPW section and a narrow CPW section that are electrically coupled to each other, and where the remaining portions of the conductive plane are ground planes, and where the electromagnetic signals are coupled through the glass layer between the wide CPW sections.

Abstract: A wide band directional coupler is disclosed. The coupler includes a main transmission line connected between an input port and an output port; and a coupling transmission line having a first length and connected between a coupling port and an isolation port, wherein the coupling transmission line is coupled to the main transmission line through a coupling capacitive connection and a mutual inductive connection, wherein at least a distance between the main transmission line and the coupling transmission line varies along the first length of the coupling transmission line such that any one of a capacitance value of the capacitive connection and an inductance value of the inductive connection is characterized by a relatively low value, wherein a coupling factor of the wide band directional couple remains substantially constant throughout an operating frequency band of the wide band directional coupler.

Abstract: Disclosed is a signal splitter that includes a coupled transmission line element coupled between two output ports of the signal splitter. The coupled transmission line element is used to lower the isolation between the two output ports for a particular frequency band. The coupled transmission line element includes a first and a second elongate electrical conductor. The first and the second elongate electrical conductor first ends are coupled to the signal transmission path that connects the two output ports. The first and the second elongate electrical conductor second ends are un-terminated. The first elongate electrical conductor and the second elongate electrical conductor are not shorted together, and the first elongate electrical conductor and the second elongate electrical conductor are electrostatically coupled, such as by twisting them together into a helix.

Abstract: A rod-switched tunable resonator includes a housing defining a cavity, a first rod disposed within the cavity, a second rod disposed within the cavity, and a switch connected to the first rod and to the second rod to tune the resonator to one of a plurality of frequencies by connecting or disconnecting one or both of the first and second rods to the housing. A tunable filter may be fabricated using two or more such resonators. The rod-switched tunable resonator may be a combline resonator, coaxial resonator, waveguide resonator, or dielectric resonator.

Abstract: An exemplary cavity resonator has a resonant frequency and includes a conductive body containing a cavity and a plate attached to the body enclosing the cavity. The position of a conductive tuning mechanism that protrudes into the cavity affects the tuning of the resonant frequency of the cavity resonator. A portion of the enclosed cavity is made of a shape memory alloy (SMA) material that has been trained to have a coefficient of thermal expansion that results in dimensional changes of the portion as the temperature varies so that the dimensional changes produce changes in the resonant frequency that counteract the combined change in the resonant frequency due to dimensional changes with temperature associated with the other portions of the enclosed cavity made of materials other than SMA material. This results in a stable resonant frequency versus temperature characteristic.

Abstract: A microwave frequency magnetic field manipulation system (10) comprises a re-entrant microwave cavity (12) having a substantially continuous and closed internal surface (14) with at least two opposite sides (16 and 18). Two or more posts, P1, P2, . . . Pn (hereinafter referred to in general as “posts P”) are provided in the cavity (12). The posts P are in physical and more particularly electrical contact with one of the sides 16. Respective gaps G atre or can be formed between free ends of the posts P and the side (18). The system (10) also has a signal source (20) coupled to the cavity (12) for supplying microwaves. The source (20) supplies microwave signals at frequencies that facilitate the generation of magnetic fields in opposite directions about at least two mutually adjacent posts P. Accordingly the magnetic field is reinforced in a common region (22) between the mutually adjacent posts P.