Abstract: A configurable coil arrangement for use with MRI-guided procedures is provided that facilitates optimal imaging for both pre-procedure planning and imaging of the target sites during the procedure. The coil arrangement includes a plurality of connected coil elements. Spacers connecting the coil elements can be adjustable and/or deformable to provide one or more openings in the coil arrangement of optimal size for accessing the subject within the imaged region. Individual coil elements can also be removed to provide access openings during such procedures, or left in the array for improved pre- and post-procedure image quality. The MRI system can be configured to detect configurations of the coil arrangement and modify imaging parameters to optimize image quality.

Abstract: A resin-impregnated superconducting coil has axially-extending coil mounting arrangements that include features embedded within the structure of the resin-impregnated superconducting coil, between layers of turns of the coil.

Abstract: One aspect of the present disclosure provides an imaging method including: specifying an imaging focus region on a subject to be imaged, applying radiofrequency pulses to the subject to interact with a magnetic field gradient, wherein the radiofrequency pulses successively bend magnetization phases of respective electromagnetic signals from the specified imaging focus region, resulting in magnified pixel data, and generating a magnified image of the imaging focus region based on the magnified pixel data.

Abstract: A magnetic resonance imaging protocol includes an acquisition segment to control an acquisition sequence to acquire magnetic resonance signals at a lower main magnetic field strength. A reconstruction segment controls reconstruction of a diagnostic magnetic resonance image from the magnetic resonance signals at a lower main magnetic field strength. A segmentation segment to control segmentation of a pre-determined image-detail of the diagnostic magnetic resonance image. In the magnetic resonance imaging protocol: the acquisition sequence has a set of imaging parameters that cause the image quality of the diagnostic magnetic resonance to be similar to the image quality of the magnetic resonance training images.

Abstract: A magnetic resonance method and system are provided for projection MR imaging of vascular structures within a subject, with scan times that are shorter than those needed for conventional techniques. Image acquisition sequences are synchronized with heartbeat cycles of the subject, and are configured to generate image data having a reduced spatial resolution in the projection direction perpendicular to a preselected projection plane. A reduction factor F quantifies this reduced resolution, such that the number of data acquisition sequences provided within each heartbeat cycle is F times as many as a comparable imaging protocol that generates full-resolution data. The total scan time can be reduced by a factor of F with negligible degradation in the projection image quality.

Abstract: A magnetic resonance imaging apparatus according to an embodiment includes a collection unit and a generation unit. The collection unit collects data of an imaging area over a plurality of time phases within a certain respiratory cycle after applying a labeling pulse to a labeling area in which cerebrospinal fluid flows under a task of respiration. The generation unit generates images of a plurality of time phases depicting the cerebrospinal fluid by using the collected data.

Abstract: In a method and apparatus for recording a magnetic resonance dataset of a volume of interest of an object, at least one gradient moment is calculated as a function of at least one jump in susceptibility that is present in the volume of interest, between two sections of the volume of interest. An excitation pulse is radiated and at least one compensation moment is activated in a part volume of the volume of interest, for the at least partial compensation of a gradient moment caused by the jump in susceptibility. The signal generated by the excitation pulse is read out.

Abstract: A pulse verifying apparatus including a user input unit, which obtains a set value of a parameter for determining a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) pulse sequence; a control unit, which compares the set value of the parameter to a critical value of the parameter and, based on a result of the comparison, determines whether an error occurred with respect to the parameter; and a display unit, which, if an error occurred with respect to the parameter, displays information regarding the error on a pulse sequence diagram corresponding to a MRI pulse sequence generated based on the set value of the parameter.

Abstract: A method of calibrating or correcting near field or far field data from a scanner board array of integrated measuring probes that are electronically switched to capture near-field data from an antenna-under-test (AUT) and having a board output includes the steps of coupling a calibrating probe with one of the measuring probes, measuring the power through the measuring probe and the calibrating probe and isolating the effect of the RF path from the measuring probe to the board output by removing the effect of the calibrating probe, and repeating for each measuring probe. Also disclosed are methods for correcting for scattering effects and loading effects on the AUT.

Abstract: A method, system, and computer-readable medium for reducing multipath propagation of a navigational aid station. Aspects include modulating an oscillator of the navigational aid station. Aspects also include transmitting a first signal using one or more antennas of the navigational aid station. Aspects additionally include transmitting a second signal using the one or more antennas of the navigational aid station. For example, the oscillator may be used as a frequency source for the first signal and the second signal.

Abstract: An aircraft avionics unit that enhances the emergency location capability of existing Emergency Locator Transmitters (ELTs). This aircraft avionics unit can be integrated with a wide range of existing ELTs and their existing aircraft interfaces by changes to a small number of the signal wires between the ELT and the aircraft systems and the addition of limited inputs from aircraft systems. This system requires no changes to either the current ELTs or the associated aircraft systems. The integrated system maintains the current ELT concept of operations while providing significantly enhanced ELT activation triggering with a low-impact, low-cost approach.

Abstract: Detecting and mitigating the effects of interference in a positioning system. A received signal is divided into a plurality of receive signal time/frequency (RSTF) values. A plurality of threshold values are determined based on expected energy values for the received signal. In one implementation, if a predetermined number of the RSTF values are above the threshold, the received signal is determined to be corrupt.

Abstract: Systems and methods for determining a location of one or more user equipment (UE) in a wireless system can comprise receiving reference signals via a location management unit having two or more co-located channels, wherein the two or more co-located channels are tightly synchronized with each other and utilizing the received reference signals to calculate a location of at least one UE among the one or more UE. Embodiments include multichannel synchronization with a standard deviation of less than or equal 10 ns. Embodiments can include two LMUs, with each LMU having internal synchronization, or one LMU with tightly synchronized signals.

Abstract: Provided are architectures, systems, methods, and computer program products for real-time object locating and position determination using frequency channel diversity for transmitting and receiving position determination signals including bursts of location signals. Channelized frequency diversity of a short burst of small location signals that “hop” across multiple frequency channels is used to collectively produce a quasi-wideband position determination signal. Object tags operating with frequency channel diversity for transmitting location signals of position determination signals require low power consumption, but can still efficiently provide adequate position determination signals for reliable position determination.

Abstract: Lock system, mobile device and method for indicating the location of a lock with a mobile device, which mobile device sends and receives a radio signal and communicates with the lock via radio-frequency communication, wherein the lock is a lock that is openable electrically and by radio-frequency communication. In the solution of the invention the direction and/or strength of a radio transmission sent by a lock is measured with a mobile device, the location and/or direction of the lock in relation to the mobile device is determined on the basis of the measurement, and the location of the lock and/or the direction towards the lock is indicated with the mobile device to the user of the mobile device.

Abstract: Embodiments relate generally to systems and methods for updating the location information for a gas detector device. A gas detector device may comprise a wireless receiver operable to receive information from one or more wireless beacons. In some cases, the wireless beacons may comprise location information. When the gas detector device receives a wireless beacon, the location information stored on the gas detector device may be updated accordingly. In some cases, the subsequent readings of the gas detector device may be associated with the updated location information. In some cases, the wireless beacons may be located at critical areas within a facility, such as entrances or exits to locations.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods, systems and devices for obtaining a range between devices based, at least in part, on an exchange of wireless messages. For example, wireless devices may obtain measurements of range based, at least in part, on an exchange fine timing measurement (FTM) messages. In one implementation, a subsequent FTM message transmitted in response to an FTM request message may comprise at least one field indicating a time of transmission of a previous FTM message and a time of receipt of an acknowledgement message transmitted in response to the previous FTM message.

Abstract: Regional positioning system using timed pulses. In an embodiment, a plurality of beacon devices are selected by a processor of a target device. For each beacon device, a connection to the beacon device is established, a first pulse is transmitted to the beacon device, a second pulse is received from the beacon device, a flight duration, including both a time of flight of the first pulse and a time of flight of the second pulse, is timed, and a distance to the beacon device is calculated based on the flight duration. A location of the target device is then computed based on the calculated distances for the selected beacon devices and the locations of the beacon devices.

Abstract: An echo image display device includes a receiver, an information memory, an intermediate image production component, and a display component. The receiver is configured to receive a reception signal that is a reflection of a transmitted signal. The information memory is configured to store detection information about the reception signal received by the receiver and position information about the reception signal in association with each other. The intermediate image production component is configured to produce an intermediate image based on at least the detection information for the reception signal at an N-th scan, and the detection information for the reception signal at an N?1-th scan having the same position information as the position information for the reception signal at the N-th scan. The display component is configured to display the intermediate image produced by the intermediate image production component.

Abstract: A method for ascertaining operating data of a radar sensor, including transmitting defined data of a first subsequence of ramp signals to an RF component of the radar sensor; ascertaining the data of the remaining subsequences of the ramp signals from the defined values of the first subsequence with the aid of the RF component; and storing the ascertained data of the remaining subsequences in a first memory of the RF component.

Abstract: A method of radar detection and a radar system for a motor vehicle are described. The radar system includes a transmitter for transmitting a radar signal having a time period, a plurality of receivers for receiving the transmitted radar signal reflected by an object, a signal compressor having a plurality inputs coupled to each of the receivers and at least one signal compressor output, the signal compressor being configured to compress the received signals to fewer output signals, each output signal having a number of samples. A signal re-constructor having at least one input coupled to each the signal compressor output and configured to determine a plurality signal strength values from the compressed signals, each signal strength value corresponding to a signal strength for a respective time-of-flight and angle-of-arrival value pair of a received signal. The radar system may detect an object with less memory and a lower power consumption while maintaining angular resolution.

Abstract: A system for providing integrated detection and countermeasures against unmanned aerial vehicles include a detecting element, a location determining element and an interdiction element. The detecting element detects an unmanned aerial vehicle in flight in the region of, or approaching, a property, place, event or very important person. The location determining element determines the exact location of the unmanned aerial vehicle. The interdiction element can either direct the unmanned aerial vehicle away from the property, place, event or very important person in a non-destructive manner, or can cause disable the unmanned aerial vehicle in a destructive manner.

Abstract: The present application describes a method including transmitting at least two radar signals by a radar unit of a vehicle, where a first signal is transmitted from a first location and a second signal is transmitted from a second location. The method also includes receiving a respective reflection signal associated with each of the transmitted signals. Additionally, the method includes determining, by a processor, at least one stationary object that caused a reflection. Further, the method includes based on the determined stationary object, determining, by the processor, an offset for the radar unit. The method yet further includes operating the radar unit based on the determined offset. Furthermore, the method includes controlling an autonomous vehicle based on the radar unit being operated with the determined offset.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for determining a target position and/or a target orientation of at least one sensor for monitoring traffic on a traffic route, wherein the method comprises the following steps: a) providing information for identifying (2) the traffic route to be monitored in a data processing device, b) requesting and providing data about the traffic route to be monitored from a database (4), and c) determining (8) at least one possible target position and/or target orientation from the provided data.

Abstract: A method of simulating a pulsed radar gauge (PRG) on a tank. Provided are (i) a parametrized model of an echo reflection responsive to a transmitted radar pulse defined by an initial spatial model function, a first signal model modeling the pulse traveling through the media, and a second signal model modeling reflection and transmission of the pulse striking boundaries involving the media, and an (ii) echo curve calculation (ECC) program. The ECC program divides the signal path into path components for the pulse using the first and second signal model together as a recursive program with stop conditions to indicate an end result for the path components when taken together for reflected signals reaching the transceiver include locations of reflections and respective amplitudes. A shape of the initial model is placed at reflection locations using their respective amplitudes applied to size their amplitude to generate a simulated echo curve.

Abstract: A range finding system includes: an electromagnetic output to provide a first beam of electromagnetic radiation along a first beam path; an electromagnetic input to receive reflected electromagnetic radiation of the first beam from an object for determining a range of the range finding system from the object; and an enclosure including a side wall that surrounds a central axis of the enclosure, the side wall transparent to the electromagnetic radiation provided by the electromagnetic output. The electromagnetic output and electromagnetic input are disposed within the enclosure such that the electromagnetic input is located outside a second beam path of a second beam of electromagnetic radiation defined by a specular reflection of the first beam on the side wall. Since the electromagnetic input is located outside the second beam path, the specular reflection of the first beam off the side wall does not reach the electromagnetic input.

Abstract: A radar system for a motor vehicle is describe including a plurality (M) of transmitters for transmitting a radar signal, a receiver for receiving the transmitted radar signal reflected by an object, a signal re-constructor coupled to the receiver. Each transmitter is configured to transmit at least part of a frequency modulated continuous wave signal during a time period T having N sample time periods of duration T/N, and in each of the N sample time periods combinations of at least some of the transmitters transmit. The signal re-constructor is configured to determine the coordinates of an object with respect to the radar system from N measurements of the received frequency modulated continuous wave signal, each of the N measurements being made for a time period of T/N. The radar system may reduce the detection time for objects while maintaining the angular resolution.

Abstract: A vehicle includes a Radar sensor configured to output Radar dot data with respect to an obstacle, a Lidar sensor configured to output Lidar dot data with respect to the obstacle, and a controller configured to match the Radar dot data to the Lidar dot data. The controller clusters one or more Lidar dots of the Lidar dot data, and clusters one or more Radar dots of the Radar dot data based on a distance between a cluster of Lidar dots and the one or more Radar dots.

Abstract: A navigation system for a vehicle may include at least one image capture device configured to acquire a plurality of images of an environment of a vehicle and a radar sensor to detect an object in the environment of the vehicle and to provide and output including range information indicative of at least one of a range or range rate between the vehicle and the object.

Abstract: Various embodiments that pertain to surface non-uniformity detection through use of radio waves are described. A vehicle can transmit radio waves to an area the vehicle is traveling to, such as a road in front of an automobile. The automobile can receive and process returned radio waves to determine if the road has a non-uniformity, such as a significant pothole or speed bump. If the road has the non-uniformity, then a driver of the automobile can be alerted so the driver can decide if evasive action should be taken and take such action if appropriate.

Abstract: A system for three-dimensional animal tracking in laboratory conditions is proposed. A mobile device that has one infrared and one ultrasonic sensor, equipped with memory and/or radio transmitter, is attached to a moving creature. One compact stationary box is placed in the vicinity; it emits a pre-determined sequence of short infrared pulses, short ultrasonic signals and two planar, radially emitted light beams that move through the area of interest with constant angular speed in two orthogonal directions. The mobile device receives two angular coordinates in the form of two time intervals between an infrared pulse and the next two orthogonal planar beam receptions, and it receives one linear coordinate in the form of the time interval between an infrared pulse and the next ultrasonic signal reception, taking into account the speed of sound in the air. The ultrasonic emitter is driven by a pulse-width modulated signal to make it undetectable by animals.

Abstract: Distance detection method and device are provided. The distance detection method comprises: providing a directional signal emitting module; providing a directional signal receiving module having a constant bandwidth; providing a distance detection signal to the directional signal emitting module; changing a frequency of the distance detection signal provided to the directional signal emitting module, and judging whether the directional signal receiving module can decode a reflected directional signal into a received signal; and judging a distance between an external object and the directional signal receiving module according to whether the received signal corresponding to the frequency of the distance detection signal can be decoded.

Abstract: A system uses range and Doppler velocity measurements from a lidar system and images from a video system to estimate a six degree-of-freedom trajectory of a target. The system estimates this trajectory in two stages: a first stage in which the range and Doppler measurements from the lidar system along with various feature measurements obtained from the images from the video system are used to estimate first stage motion aspects of the target (i.e., the trajectory of the target); and a second stage in which the images from the video system and the first stage motion aspects of the target are used to estimate second stage motion aspects of the target. Once the second stage motion aspects of the target are estimated, a three-dimensional image of the target may be generated.

Abstract: Visualization systems and methods for providing a visualization of a monitored space are provided. The visualization system includes a detector unit configured to obtain acquired data related to the monitored space, a processing device configured to store predefined information and process the acquired data, and a display device configured to display a user interface including the predefined information and the acquired data. The processing device is configured to receive the acquired data, process the acquired data with the predefined information, detect the presence of an anomaly, and generate a visualization of the anomaly and its evolution to be displayed on the display device.

Abstract: A method of enhancing LiDAR data is provided. The method includes inputting LiDAR data from at least one LiDAR sensor; inputting data from at least one of: at least one static pressure sensor; and at least one total air temperature sensor; and extracting accurate air data parameters by processing one of: the LiDAR data and static pressure data from the static pressure sensor; the LiDAR data and true temperature data from the total air temperature sensor; or the LiDAR data, the static pressure data from the static pressure sensor, and the true temperature data from the total air temperature sensor. The method also includes generating augmented air data based on the extracted accurate air data parameters and outputting the augmented air data.

Abstract: Aircraft tracking and emergency location avionics architectures that integrate existing fixed Emergency Locator Transmitter (ELT) installations, their associated aircraft avionics systems and existing flight deck interfaces with an Autonomous Distress Tracker (ADT) transceiver unit in a coupled configuration. Some of the architectures allow the ADT unit and its advanced distress detecting and reporting capabilities to monitor the activation control path for the ELT and the associated ELT activation outputs. Other architectures place the ADT unit and its advanced distress detection capabilities and ground-controlled capabilities in the activation control path for the ELT. Additional architectures entail the connection of an ADT unit to an ELT remote panel on the flight deck of an aircraft.

Abstract: A method includes detecting currently existing dose rates while a worker is performing an operation within a Radiologically Controlled Area (RCA) and visually outputting to the worker a dosage rate map of ionizing radiation within the RCA. The visual output can be visually depicted on a display that is worn by the worker during the operation and that is situated in proximity to the worker's eye. The position of the worker within the RCA can be stored in conjunction with the measured dose rate as detected by a dosimeter worn by the worker at such position, potentially also with a time stamp. These data can then be employed to generate the dosage rate map of the RCA that shows the various dose rates at various locations within the RCA and that can be visually output for viewing by the worker or other personnel outside the RCA.

Abstract: An embodiment of an active dosimeter system for detecting and communicating a radiation dose in real time is described that comprises a peripheral detector configured to be worn on an extremity or a head region of a user that includes a radiation sensor to detect ionizing radiation; a processor to determine a level of the ionizing radiation; and a wireless device to send a transmission comprising the detected level of the ionizing radiation; where the determination of the level of ionizing radiation and the transmission occur in real-time; and a receiver located in close proximity to the user that receives the transmission, and comprises an interface that informs the user of the detected level of the ionizing radiation.

Abstract: A system includes a pulse counter having a selectable pulse counter read-out rate, a pulse counter read-out (PCRO) storage register that stores a PCRO count, and a pulse-burst counter that has a pulse-burst counter read-out rate that is faster than all but the fastest selectable pulse counter read-out rate, a subtractor module in electronic communication with the pulse counter and the PCRO that subtracts the PCRO count from the pulse counter read-out count to output an uncorrected pulse count, a selection module in electronic communication with the pulse-burst counter that selects the pulse counter read-out rate in response to input from the pulse-burst counter, a multiplexer in electronic communication with the subtractor module and the selection module, the multiplexer selecting from among at least two dead-time correction transforms, the transform corresponding to the selected pulse counter read-out rate, and a control-and-readout module that outputs a dead-time corrected pulse rate.

Abstract: Among other things, a detector array (300) for a radiation imaging system is provided. The detector array comprises a plurality of detector elements. Respective detector elements comprise, among other things, a scintillator (304) and a photodetector (306). In some embodiments, a scintillator is shared amongst two or more of the detector elements. In some embodiments, little to no reflective material, configured to mitigate cross-talk between detector elements, is situated between two or more detector elements.

Abstract: A radiographic image capturing apparatus includes the following. A connector coupling detector detects coupling between an external connector and a connector of the radiographic image capturing apparatus. A power supply detector detects an available state of external electric power. A controller controls a turned-on and a turned-off state of the radiographic image capturing apparatus. At a timing when the power supply detector detects a change from the available state to the unavailable state of the external electric power, the controller turns off the radiographic image capturing apparatus if the connector coupling detector detects the coupling between the external connector and the connector of the radiographic image capturing apparatus, or the controller maintains the turned-on state if the connector coupling detector detects the uncoupling between the external connector and the connector of the radiographic image capturing apparatus.

Abstract: Tensioned metastable fluid detectors are disclosed that minimize false positive detection events. The methods involve the use of new fluids that provide improved neutron-alpha fission detection at reduced tension states. The rate of spin is also increased using a new protocol that avoids the creation of liquid imbalances in the arms of a CTMFD (centrifugally tensioned metastable fluid detector). The disclosed CTMFD radiation detection system includes a detector assembly containing a detection fluid, a base, a safety enclosure, a motor and motor mounting bracket, speed sensors, a cooling system that includes an air inlet and outlet and a safety enclosure. The CTMFD radiation detection system can include a plurality of independent detector arms having fluids with distinct Pneg requirements such that the range of detectable radiation is increased. Also disclosed are methods for detecting radiation using the disclosed CTMFD radiation detection system. Motor speed calibration procedures are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method (2) of producing a radiometric physical phantom of a biological organism to be irradiated or already irradiated having at least two volumes of appreciably different biological tissues comprises a step (6) of determining a radiological three-dimensional model on the basis of anatomical three-dimensional image(s) of the organism, a step (10) of producing a material framework of the phantom with the aid of a 3D printer, and a step (16) of filling the enclosures of the framework with gels. The radiological three-dimensional model groups together into radiological organs the mutually adjacent tissues having chemical compositions and densities which are similar. Each radiological organ is characterized geometrically by a radiological volume as sum of the volumes of the grouped tissues, and radiologically by a radiological class identifying the span of the chemical compositions and densities which are similar of the grouped tissues.

Abstract: A seismic modeling system may include a seismic model data storage device, and a processor cooperating with the seismic model data storage device to transform a seismic model spatial domain data set associated with a given region into a seismic frequency domain data set, where the given region includes a suspect region, transform a seismic model spatial domain data subset associated with the suspect region into a seismic frequency domain data subset, and perform inpainting of the seismic frequency domain data subset based upon the seismic frequency domain data set. The processor may further convert the inpainted seismic frequency domain data subset into an inpainted spatial domain data subset, and substitute the inpainted spatial domain data subset for the seismic model spatial domain data subset associated with the suspect region in the seismic model spatial domain data set associated with the given region.

Abstract: A computing system and method for mitigating, in a first seismic survey, cross-talk generated by a second seismic survey. The method includes performing the first seismic survey with a first survey seismic source driven by a first survey pilot sweep, performing the second seismic survey with a second survey seismic source, simultaneously with the first seismic survey, recording with first survey seismic sensors (i) first survey seismic signals that originate from the first survey seismic source and (ii) second survey seismic signals that originate from the second survey seismic source, selecting another first survey pilot sweep, which has less cross-correlation noise with the second survey seismic signals than the first survey pilot sweep, and continuing the first seismic survey with the another first survey pilot sweep.

Abstract: An integrated seismic system and method for monitoring seismic parameters of a subsurface structure is provided. The integrated seismic system includes a base station; a plurality of mobile satellite nodes, each of the plurality of mobile satellite nodes having sensor stations for collecting seismic data from the subsurface structure; and a fiber optic cable extending from the base station to the plurality of mobile satellite nodes and operatively linking the plurality of mobile satellite nodes and the sensor stations; the base station comprising: a light source for sending a light through the fiber optic cable, the light being distributed to the sensor stations and, in the sensor stations, experiencing a change or phase shift related to a physical property being measured; and a seismic acquisition unit for receiving seismic signals from the plurality of mobile satellite nodes via the fiber optic cable and generating seismic parameters therefrom.

Abstract: A seismic modeling system may include a seismic model data storage device, and a processor cooperating with the seismic model data storage device to determine a first 3D boundary around a suspect region within a first seismic model spatial domain data set for a geological formation at a first time, and determine a second 3D boundary around the suspect region within a second seismic model spatial domain data set for the geological formation at a second time and after movement of the suspect region. The processor may also compare the second 3D boundary to the first 3D boundary to determine an overlapping portion where the first and second 3D boundary regions overlap, and at least one non-overlapping portion where the first and second 3D boundaries do not overlap, and inpaint the overlapping portion based upon the at least one non-overlapping portion.

Abstract: A seismic modeling system is provided which may include a seismic model data storage device, and a processor cooperating with the seismic model data storage device to identify an obstruction within a seismic model spatial domain data set having a lateral boundary, and define a suspect area including spatial domain data within the lateral boundary and directly below the obstruction. The processor may further inpaint the suspect area in the seismic model spatial domain data set based upon an exemplar inpainting algorithm.

Abstract: Synthetic survey data is generated using a two-way or one-way wave propagator based on a current model of a target structure. The current model is modified to reduce a difference between the synthetic survey data and observed survey data, while maintaining unchanged a velocity component of the current model, where the modifying of the current model produces a modified model. The modified model is used to reduce an adverse effect of multiples in the target structure, or to promote a favorable effect of multiples in the target structure.

Abstract: Simultaneous inversion of multi-vintage seismic data obtains seismic data for vintages and generates an initial earth model for each vintage. A cost function includes a data norm term having for at least one pair of vintages of seismic data a difference norm between a difference in obtained seismic data for the at least one pair of vintages and a difference in modeled seismic data for the at least one pair of vintages. The cost function also includes a model norm term for each pair of vintages selected from at least three vintages of seismic data. Each model norm term includes a difference norm between earth models for a given pair of vintages. A closure relationship is imposed on all earth models. The earth models are adjusted for the vintages to drive the cost function to a minimum and to produce updated earth models.