Abstract: An image forming apparatus is provided with an image holder that holds an electrostatic latent image, a developing unit that develops the electrostatic latent image of the image holder, a biasing unit that biases the developing unit toward the image holder; and a holding member that holds the biasing unit and is disposed so that a part which is opposite to a biasing direction of the biasing unit is in contact with an image forming apparatus main body directly or via another member.

Abstract: It is directed to providing a developing roller capable of forming a high-quality electrophotographic image. The developing roller includes a substrate, an electro-conductive elastic layer on the substrate, and a plurality of electrical insulating domains on the electro-conductive elastic layer. The developing roller has a length L of 200 mm or more in a longitudinal direction orthogonal to the circumferential direction thereof. The surface of the developing roller includes the surfaces of the domains and an exposed portion of the electro-conductive elastic layer, the exposed portion being uncovered with the domains. The developing roller has protrusions on the surface thereof, the protrusion being formed by the domains. The electro-conductive elastic layer has a plurality of protrusions at the exposed portion. The developing roller has an Asker C hardness of 50 degrees or more and 90 degrees or less.

Abstract: A developing apparatus capable of suppressing an excessive discharge of developer from a developer discharge hole is disclosed. A first opening part through which developer is carried from a first case part to a second case part, and a developer discharge hole through which the developer is discharged are provided to the first case part. A first carrying member includes a counter blade between the first opening part and the developer discharge hole. The counter blade carries the developer in an opposite direction to a carrying direction of a first carrying blade of the first carrying member. A gap is prepared between an upper part of the counter blade and the first case part. A cross-sectional area of a discharge path for the developer from the counter blade to the developer discharge hole changes according to a progress of the developer along the discharge path.

Abstract: A developing cartridge, to be used in an image forming apparatus in which the developing cartridge including a developer carrier and a drum cartridge including a photosensitive drum are attachable and detachable, includes a cartridge body including the developer carrier, first and second supporting members that support the cartridge body to be capable of turning, and a restricting member that restricts the turn of the cartridge body with respect to the first supporting member in the developing cartridge in which the first and second supporting members have been positioned in the body of the image forming apparatus and urging has been made possible in one direction in a turning direction of the cartridge body so that the developing roller is made capable of coming into contact with the photosensitive drum, when the developing cartridge has been attached to the image forming apparatus.

Abstract: The developer container includes a rotator that is rotated in the container body, a sequence of gears disposed outside the developer container that transmits a torque to the rotator, and a container guiding portion that fits with a main body side guiding portion and guides the developer container in a direction in which the developer container is attached to a mounting portion of an image forming device main body. A first gear included in the sequence of the gears is movable between an operating position where the first gear engages with a second gear and a retracted position where the first gear is retracted. On a surface on which the container guiding portion is disposed, a part of the container guiding portion is disposed within a projected area of the first gear being disposed at the operating position.

Abstract: A developing device, including: a developer containing toner and carrier; and developer bearer configured to have surface thereof bear the developer and endlessly move, and to develop latent image over surface of latent image bearer by supplying toner in developer to latent image in developing region facing the latent image bearer, wherein carrier contains fine particles, value X in volume resistivity R (=10X) (?·cm) of carrier is 11.5-16.0, developer bearer includes: magnetic field generating unit including a plurality of magnetic poles; and developing sleeve having a cylindrical shape enclosing magnetic field generating unit, and configured to bear developer over outer circumferential surface of cylindrical shape by magnetic force of the magnetic field generating unit and perform surface moving by rotating relative to developing device body, and developing device includes developing sleeve voltage applying unit configured to apply AC component-containing voltage to developing sleeve.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a movable endless belt, an image forming unit forming a developer image, a transfer unit transferring the developer image to a medium on a downstream side of the image forming unit in a belt moving direction, a belt cleaning unit cleaning the belt on a downstream side of the transfer unit in the belt moving direction, a detection unit detecting a surface state of the belt on a downstream side of the transfer unit and on an upstream side of the belt cleaning unit in the belt moving direction, and a control unit stopping move of the belt based on a result detected at the detection unit before any foreign object on the belt reaches the belt cleaning unit or the image forming unit.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image carrier, a latent image forming device, a developer, an intermediate transfer belt, a second transfer device, a cleaner, an abutting angle adjuster and a hardware processor. The intermediate transfer belt supports and carries a toner image which is transferred from the image carrier by primary transfer. The second transfer device performs secondary transfer to transfer the toner image transferred on the intermediate transfer belt to a recording medium. The cleaner abuts the intermediate transfer belt to remove toner attached to a surface of the intermediate transfer belt. The abutting angle adjuster adjusts an abutting angle between the cleaner and the intermediate transfer belt. The hardware processor controls the abutting angle adjuster to maintain the abutting angle at a predetermined angle.

Abstract: Electrostatic printing apparatus and intermediate transfer members Herein is disclosed an intermediate transfer member for use in an electrostatic printing process, the intermediate transfer member having an outer release layer comprising a polysiloxane that has been cross-linked using an addition cure process such that it contains Si—R—Si bonds, wherein R is an alkylene moiety, and a monoalkenylsiloxane has been reacted with and incorporated into the polysiloxane. An electrostatic printing apparatus comprising the intermediate transfer member is also disclosed.

Abstract: Printers comprising a plurality of imaging units are described. In an example, each imaging unit selectively deposits at least one printing substance and an intermediate transfer member cooperates with the imaging units such that, in use of the printer, a printable image may be formed thereon, the printable image comprising printing substance from at least two imaging units.

Abstract: A method for heat treatment of mixed media sheets in an image reproduction apparatus having an image forming station, a heat treatment station, a conveying path for conveying the sheets one by one through the image forming station and the heat treatment station, and a duplex loop for looping sheets back from the heat treatment station to the image forming station includes pre-heating a sheet before an image is formed thereon in the image forming station. The pre-heating includes the sub-steps of passing the sheet through the image forming station while the image forming station is idle, passing the sheet through the heat treatment station for pre-heating, and looping the sheet back to the image forming station.

Abstract: A fixing apparatus fixes an image onto a recording material. A first fuse and a second fuse are connected in series each other. A power supply line is connected to one end of the first fuse. A signal line is connected to a connection point between another end of the first fuse and one end of the second fuse. A ground line is connected to another end of the second fuse. Information regarding the fixing apparatus is held in accordance with melt states of the first and second fuses.

Abstract: According to an aspect of the invention, an elastic roll includes a base that has a circular outer circumferential line in an axial direction and includes an outer circumferential surface on which a spiral recess in the axial direction is formed; and an elastic layer that is provided to be adhered to the outer circumferential surface and has a circular outer circumferential line in the axial direction.

Abstract: A fixing device includes a fixing rotator being rotatable and a heater to heat the fixing rotator. The heater includes a tube, a heat generator, disposed inside the tube, to generate heat, and a sealing portion, disposed at each lateral end of the tube in a longitudinal direction of the heater, to seal the tube. The sealing portion includes an inboard edge. A reflector reflects heat radiated from the heater toward the fixing rotator. The reflector includes an outboard edge being disposed inboard from the inboard edge of the sealing portion in an axial direction of the fixing rotator.

Abstract: A fixing device includes a fixing roller that fixes a toner image to a recording medium; a cleaning roller that contacts the fixing roller and rotates, and cleans off toner adhered to a surface of the fixing roller; and a collecting roller that contacts the cleaning roller and rotates, and collects toner adhered to a surface of the cleaning roller, the collecting roller including an air passage section that extends through the collecting roller in an axial direction of the collecting roller and through which air passes.

Abstract: There is provided a guide incorporated in a fixing device including a belt configured to circularly move in a moving direction. The guide includes: a guide portion elongated in a longitudinal direction orthogonal to the moving direction; a first gate mark; and a second gate mark arranged spaced apart from the first gate mark in the longitudinal direction. The guide portion includes a resin and a plurality of elongated-shaped fillers dispersed in the resin. The guide portion has a guide surface configured to guide movement of the belt in the moving direction, a peripheral surface of the belt being configured to contact the guide surface.

Abstract: A fixing apparatus that fixes an image onto a recording material includes: a belt; a nip plate contacting an inner surface of the belt; a roller configured to form a nip portion with the nip plate; a supporting member supporting the nip plate, the supporting member having a cross section in a shape of U, and supporting, with two legs, a surface of the nip plate opposite to a surface contacting the belt; and a guide member disposed on an upstream side of the nip plate and including a guide portion, wherein the recording material on which the image is formed is heated while being conveyed through the nip portion, and the image is fixed onto the recording material, and the guide member is supported by a first surface and a second surface of an upstream side leg among the two legs of the supporting member.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus fixes a toner image, in which plural layers constituted from toners with different low-temperature storage elastic moduli as measured in the temperature range of 30° C. or more and 50° C. or less are superposed on each other, to a medium. The image forming apparatus changes the fixing temperature in accordance with the order of superposition of the plural layers.

Abstract: A fixing device includes a first supporting member that supports one of first and a second forming members that form a nip portion by sandwiching a recording medium, a second supporting member supporting the other of the first and second forming members, a first spring pressurizing the nip portion, a cam that rotates to relatively displace the first and second supporting members in a direction in which the nip portion is released, a rotating portion disposed at a position shifted from the cam in a rotation axis direction of the cam and rotating integrally with the cam, and a second spring exerting a force on the rotating portion in a direction opposite to a rotating direction of the cam according to the rotation of the cam when a state in which the nip portion is released transitions to a state in which the nip portion is formed.

Abstract: A fixing device includes a fixing belt and an opposed rotator to press against a nip formation pad via the fixing belt to form a fixing nip between the fixing belt and the opposed rotator. A primary heater and a secondary heater heat the fixing belt. The secondary heater includes a lateral end heat generator. The nip formation pad includes a base and at least one thermal conductor being interposed between the base and the fixing nip and having a thermal conductivity greater than a thermal conductivity of the base. The at least one thermal conductor includes an outboard edge disposed between an inboard edge and an outboard edge of the lateral end heat generator and disposed outboard from a conveyance span of the fixing belt in an axial direction of the fixing belt, where a recording medium is conveyed over the fixing belt.

Abstract: A fixing device includes a first belt that contacts a developer image on a recording medium; a second belt that sandwiches the recording medium with the first belt and hence forms a nip region extending in a transport direction of the recording medium; a rotational body that is provided inside the first belt in a region at a downstream side in the transport direction of the nip region, rotates, and turns the first belt; a pressing member that is provided inside the second belt and presses the second belt toward the rotational body; and a heating unit that is provided inside the first belt in a region at an upstream side in the transport direction of the nip region in a non-contact manner with respect to the first belt, and heats the developer image on the recording medium.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image forming unit configured to form an image on a sheet, and a measuring unit configured to measure reflected light from the sheet, a backup roller configured to convey the sheet while pressing the sheet toward the measuring unit, and a generating unit configured to control the backup roller to convey the sheet, control the measuring unit to measure the reflected light from the sheet, and generate profile data corresponding to measurement results of the reflected light from a plurality of positions in a direction in which the sheet is conveyed.

Abstract: A stacked-sheet detection device includes a main shaft portion, a first detection arm portion, a parallel shaft portion, a second detection arm portion, an interlocking arm portion, a detected portion, and a detection sensor. The second detection arm portion is provided outside a first passing range, rotates in a predefined rotation direction and causes the interlocking arm portion to rotate in the predefined rotation direction by contacting a sheet that passes through a second passing range. When at least one of the first detection arm portion and the interlocking arm portion rotates in the predefined rotation direction, the main shaft portion rotates in the predefined rotation direction, and the detected portion rotates in the predefined rotation direction.

Abstract: An image density detector for detecting image density of an image borne by an image bearer includes a reference board, a light emitter, a light receiver, an image density calculator, and an image density detecting condition corrector. The reference board has a spectral reflectance distribution closer to a spectral reflectance distribution of the image forming material than a spectral reflectance distribution of white. The light emitter emits light to the reference board and the image borne by the image bearer. The light receiver receives the light reflected from the image and the reference board. The image density calculator calculates the image density of the image based on an output of the light receiver receiving the light reflected from the image. The image density detecting condition corrector corrects an image density detecting condition based on an output of the light receiver receiving the light reflected from the reference board.

Abstract: A continuous sheet transport device transports a continuous sheet along a sheet transport path passing through a transfer position at which a toner image is transferred. The device includes a first transport unit that is provided on an upstream side of the transfer position on the sheet transport path and transports the continuous sheet, a sheet feeding unit that is provided on an upstream side of the first transport unit on the sheet transport path and that feeds the continuous sheet, a leasing end of which is placed on the sheet feeding unit, toward a downstream side on the sheet transport path, and an operation controller that controls the first transport unit to temporarily operate in a reverse transport direction so that the continuous sheet is transported to the upstream side at a timing before the leading end of the continuous sheet reaches the first transport unit.

Abstract: An image-forming apparatus for forming an image on a sheet includes an image-forming unit that forms the image on the sheet, and a conveying unit that conveys the sheet on which the image is formed by the image-forming unit. The conveying unit includes a pair of first rollers that discharges the sheet to the outside of the image-forming apparatus and a pair of second rollers that conveys the sheet in a direction in which the sheet is discharged to the outside of the image-forming apparatus and that subsequently switches a conveyance direction of the sheet to an opposite direction to convey the sheet again to the image-forming unit. The pair of the first rollers and the pair of the second rollers partially overlap when viewed in a width direction of the sheet that is perpendicular to the conveyance direction of the sheet.

Abstract: An electrical connecting member electrically connects between two conductive members comprising. The electrical connecting member includes a coil spring part formed by winding a wire around a coil axis. The electrical connecting member comes into contact with one of the conductive members with elastic force in a circumferential direction around the coil axis and comes in contact with the other of the conductive members with elastic force in an axial direction of the coil axis so that the conductive members are electrically connected.

Abstract: There is provided an image forming apparatus including: an intermediate transfer belt; a photosensitive drum; a primary transfer member; a secondary transfer member; a first backup member; a first power supply electrically connected to the primary transfer member and to the secondary transfer member; and a first resistor electrically connected to the first power supply and to the primary transfer member. A first current route, in which the first resistor, the primary transfer member, and the photosensitive drum are connected in series in that order, is connected to the first power supply and to a basis potential. A second current route, in which the secondary transfer member and the first backup member are connected in series, is connected to the first power supply and to the basis potential. The first current route is connected in parallel to the second current route.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a process unit, a controller, and a fixing unit including a heater. The process unit is configured to form a developer image on a sheet. The heater is configured to be applied with an AC voltage, and to heat the sheet to thereby fix the developer image to the sheet. The controller is configured to perform: executing a continuous supply control in which the heater is continuously energized; acquiring an initial voltage dropping level of the AC voltage and a recovery time during the executing the continuous supply control; and setting a power supply control to control energization of the heater for starting up the heater on the basis of the acquired initial voltage dropping level and the acquired recovery time.

Abstract: An image forming device includes an image carrier, a charging device that charges the surface of the image carrier, an electrostatic image forming device that forms an electrostatic image on the surface of the image carrier, a developing device that uses a developer containing toner particles and external additives adhering to the surface of the toner particle to develop the electrostatic image into a toner image, a transfer device that transfers the toner image to a recording medium, a cleaning device having a blade that cleans off residual toner from the image carrier, a suction device that suctions all or part of residual toner excepting the external additives released from the surface of the toner particles, and a fixing device that fixes the toner image to the recording medium.

Abstract: Image forming apparatus, including: image bearer; charging unit for electrically charging image bearer surface; developing unit for developing with toner, electrostatic latent image formed over image bearer by exposure unit for performing light exposure; transfer unit for transferring developed toner to receiving member; and cleaning unit for cleaning toner remaining over image bearer without being transferred, wherein the toner contains: external additives; and base particles made of at least binder resin and colorant, external additive content of the toner is from 4 to 7 parts by mass relative to 100 parts by mass of base particles, primary particles of at least one external additive have a number average particle diameter of 0.01 to 0.05 ?m, cleaning unit includes an elastic-body blade having surface elastic modulus of from 15 to 25 N/mm2 and surface friction coefficient of from 0.5 to 0.7 at an abutment part thereof abutting on image bearer.

Abstract: This invention concerns a cleaning unit which has a photosensitive body and a cleaning frame body supporting the photosensitive body, and which is attachable to and detachable from an apparatus main body of an image forming apparatus configured to form an image on a recording material. In the cleaning unit, which is installed in the apparatus main body so as to adjoin a developing unit including a developing roller that bears toner for developing an electrostatic image formed on the photosensitive body 1, engagement portions (bosses) are disposed on the cleaning frame body so as to protrude toward the developing unit side, and engage with engaged portions (insertion guide portions) disposed on the apparatus main body when the cleaning unit is attached to the apparatus main body.

Abstract: Provided is an opening/closing unit including a cover member and a conveying unit. The cover member is provided to one side surface of an apparatus main body so as to open and close a sheet conveying path. The conveying unit is provided inside of the cover member in the apparatus main body. The sheet conveying path includes a first conveying path formed between the conveying unit and the apparatus main body, and a second conveying path formed between the conveying unit and the cover member. When an operating lever of the cover member is rotated to a second position, opening operation of the cover member is enabled. When the operating lever is rotated to a first position in a state where the cover member is opened, the conveying unit rotates with respect to the cover member so that the second conveying path is opened.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes: an open/close member supported so as to be movable between an open position at which an inside of an apparatus body is exposed and a closed position at which the apparatus body is closed; an engaged portion provided on the apparatus body; an engaging member having an engaging portion that is engageable with the engaged portion and a lever portion that contacts the engaged portion to guide the engaging portion to the engaged portion when the open/close member is moved from the open position to the closed position, the engaging member being provided on the open/close member and being rotatable forward and in reverse; and an urging member that urges the engaging member. The urging direction of the urging member is changeable between fixing and releasing directions in which the engaging member is drawn into and moved away from the engaged portion, respectively.

Abstract: A sealing member sealing a gap between one member and another member includes a mounting portion that is mounted on the one member and an extension portion that extends from a mounting portion side to another member side and contacts with the other member. In the sealing member, the extension portion includes an assist portion that is formed in one end toward the other member side and assists spring-up of the extension portion in accordance with sliding of the other member or the one member.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an opening and closing member that is movably supported between an opening position at which an inner portion of a main body of the apparatus is opened and a closing position at which the inner portion of the main body of the apparatus is closed, an engaged portion that is provided in the main body of the apparatus, an engaging member that is provided in the opening and closing member and is engaged to the engaged portion, and a reaction force generating mechanism that is provided in the opening and closing member, and urges the opening and closing member toward the opening position when the opening and closing member moves from the opening position to the closing position.

Abstract: In an image forming apparatus, a cover has a pivot shaft and is pivotally movable between a closed position and an open position. The link member is slidingly movable in a direction parallel to the pivot shaft in response to depression of a button. The locking member provides locking engagement between the cover and a housing, and is pressed by the link member in accordance with the sliding movement of the link member to release the locking engagement. The push member is movable in a direction opposite to an opening direction of the cover to be pressed against the housing when the cover is at the closed position in accordance with the sliding movement of the link member. The depression of the button causes both unlocking and movement of the cover in the opening direction when the cover is at the closed position.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image forming portion, a housing, and a cover member. The image forming portion is configured to form an image. The housing supports the image forming portion and has conductivity. The cover member includes a handle having conductivity and is opened when maintenance of the image forming portion is carried out. In the image forming apparatus, when the cover member is in a closed state, the handle is separated from the housing by a distance larger than a predetermined particular distance, and during a process of the cover member being opened and transitioning from the closed state to an open state, the handle contacts or comes close to the housing so as to be separated from it by a distance equal to or smaller than the particular distance.

Abstract: A developer cartridge includes a first gear rotatable about a first axis extending in an axial direction, and a second gear rotatable in a rotation direction about a second axis extending in the axial direction. The second gear includes: an engagement portion engageable with gear teeth of the first gear; a first protrusion and a second protrusion protruding in the axial direction. The first and second protrusions extend to be spaced apart from each other in the rotation direction. The first protrusion has first end and a second end defining a first angle therebetween about the second axis. The second protrusion has a third end and a fourth end farther away from the first protrusion than the third end is in the rotation direction. The second end and the third end define a second angle therebetween about the second axis. The first angle is smaller than the second angle.

Abstract: A second unit includes a restricted portion that comes into contact with a restricting portion provided to a body of an apparatus, the restricted portion coming into contact with the restricting portion, in order to restrict the movement of a developer carrier in a direction to make contact with an image carrier, when a developing cartridge has not reached a predetermined attachment position, and not coming into contact with the restricting portion when the developing cartridge is in the predetermined attachment position.

Abstract: Disclosed is a developing apparatus including: a developer bearing member that bears a developer; a developing frame body that rotatably supports the developer bearing member; a one-end side end member that supports one-end side in an axis direction of the developer bearing member of the developing frame body; and another-end side end member that supports the other-end side in the axis direction of the developer bearing member of the developing frame body. Each of the one-end side end member and the other-end side end member is independently movable with respect to the developing frame body.

Abstract: A drum unit, to which a developer cartridge with a developer roller and a protrusion protruding in an axial direction of the developer roller is attachable, is provided. The drum unit includes a casing, a photosensitive drum to contact the developer roller, a first guide arranged to confront the protrusion along a direction orthogonal to the axial direction when the developer cartridge is attached to the casing to guide the protrusion, a second guide movable between a first position and a second position to guide the protrusion and arranged to confront the protrusion along the orthogonal direction when the developer cartridge is attached to the casing, and an urging member to urge the second guide in a direction from the first position toward the second position. The second guide includes a contact part to contact the first guide when the second guide is in the second position.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus, including a photosensitive drum, a developer cartridge with a developer roller and a protrusion, a casing, a separator member to move the developer cartridge between a contact position and a separate position, and a first guide to guide the protrusion, is provided. The first guide confronts the protrusion along a direction orthogonal to an axial direction of the developer roller when the developer cartridge is in the contact position. The first guide includes a first guiding surface and a first inclined surface. The first guiding surface extends in parallel with a line connecting a center of a rotation axis of the developer roller with a center of a rotation axis of the photosensitive drum. The first inclined surface inclines with respect to the first guiding surface. The protrusion contacts the first inclined surface when the separator member moves the developer cartridge toward the separate position.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus in which an apparatus main body has: an insertion port through which a process cartridge cannot pass when an image bearing member and a developer bearing member are separated from each other and through which the process cartridge can pass when the image bearing member and the developer bearing member are in contact with each other; and guides that guide one of a first frame and a second frame when the process cartridge is inserted into the insertion port. The image forming apparatus has a separation mechanism that separates the image bearing member and the developer bearing member from each other when the process cartridge is further inserted after the other of the first frame and second frame has passed through the insertion port.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a developing cartridge, a photosensitive drum, a lever, and an electrical connector. The developing cartridge includes a developing roller rotatable about a first axis extending in a first direction, a memory storing information related to the developing cartridge, and an electrical contact electrically connected to the memory. The photosensitive drum is rotatable about a second axis extending in the first direction. The lever moves the developing cartridge between a first position where a surface of the developing roller contacts a surface of the photosensitive drum and a second position where the surface of the developing roller separates from the surface of the photosensitive drum. The electrical connector contacts the electrical contact in the second position of the developing cartridge, and separates from the electrical contact in the first position of the developing cartridge.

Abstract: A cartridge for use with a main assembly of an electrophotographic image forming apparatus, the main assembly including a driving shaft having a rotational force applying portion, wherein the cartridge is dismountable from the main assembly in a direction substantially perpendicular to an axial direction of the driving shaft, the cartridge including i) a developing roller for developing an electrostatic latent image formed on an electrophotographic photosensitive drum, the developing roller being rotatable about an axis thereof; and ii) a coupling member engageable with the rotational force applying portion to receive a rotational force for rotating the developing roller, the coupling member being capable of taking a rotational force transmitting angular position for transmitting the rotational force for rotating the developing roller to the developing roller and a disengaging angular position in which the coupling member is inclined away from the rotational force transmitting angular position, wherein when t

Abstract: A process cartridge is provided. The process cartridge includes a housing, a rotation member rotatably mounted in the housing, and a support mounted on the housing. The rotation member includes a station unit and a drive unit coupled to the rotation unit. The drive unit further comprises a drive transmission device and an actuating rod coupled to the drive transmission device. The support includes a notch allowing the actuating rod to pass through, When the actuating rod receives an applied force, the actuating rod swings in a plane defined by a longitudinal direction and a horizontal direction of the process cartridge.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a process cartridge and a power supply method therefor. The process cartridge is detachably mounted in an electrophotographic image forming apparatus, comprising a developing member rotatably mounted in the process cartridge and a voltage generating unit, the voltage generating unit is electrically connected to the conductive contact and the developing member. The process cartridge supplies power by using a data line, and the power supply method comprises: providing a conductor, and transmitting electric energy on the data line to the voltage generating unit by using the conductor. When the process cartridge is mounted in an electrophotographic image forming apparatus that outputs a DC bias voltage, because the voltage generating unit can generate an AC bias voltage, the process cartridge can work in an electrophotographic image forming apparatus that outputs a DC bias voltage and also in an apparatus that outputs an AC bias voltage.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a first condition section that derives, from the density of the image detected by an image density detector, a forming condition in forming an image such that the density of the image formed comes close to a predetermined target density, a second condition section that derives, from the environmental state detected by the environmental detector, a forming condition such that the density of the formed image becomes the target density, and a stabilization section that causes, when a difference between the two forming conditions exceeds a predetermined degree, the image forming section to perform a stabilization operation which stabilizes a developing property of the developer in the developing device as compared to the current environmental state, and thereafter causes the formation of an image, the density detection, and the derivation of the forming condition by the first condition section to be performed again.

Abstract: Briefly stated, technologies are generally described for providing a computer-generated holography (CGH). Example devices/systems described herein may use one or more of a server device and/or a client device. The server device may be configured to provide CGH data to a client device including a holographic image display unit. The server device may receive information on the holographic image display unit from the client device, calculate the CGH data from three-dimensional image data and the information on the holographic image display unit, and/or transmit the CGH data to the client device. The client device may be configured to provide a holographic image. The client device may reconstruct the holographic image on the holographic image display unit using CGH data and a reconstruction beam, transmit information on the holographic image display unit to the server device, and/or receive the CGH data from the server device.