Abstract: A temperature protection device includes temperature detection devices detecting the temperatures of switching elements and a control device controlling the switching elements. The control device stops driving of a first switching element the temperature of which rises to an overheat detection temperature and resumes the driving of the first switching element when the temperature of the first switching element drops to a return temperature. The control device controls timing of resuming the driving of the first switching element so that an undriven time period of the first switching element is longer in a case where at least one of the switching elements other than the first switching element is in a high load state when the temperature of the first switching element reaches the overheat detection temperature than that in a case where all the switching elements other than the first switching element are in a low load state.

Abstract: An integrated circuit having a plurality of selectable modes, functions and/or characteristics may be configured at the time of product manufacture by providing an appropriate resistance value pull-up resistor at an external connection (pin) of the integrated circuit package. At least one external connection (pin) may be used for such configuration of the integrated circuit. This is done without having to program the integrated circuit before placing on the product printed circuit board. The same integrated circuit may thus be used for a plurality of different products without requiring any pre-programming thereof. The integrated circuit's personality (desired characteristics) will be programmed automatically as soon as power is first applied to the finished product printed circuit board. Once the integrated circuit has been configured at power up, the external at least one connection (pin), initially used for configuration, can be used for either analog or digital input, output or input/output.

Abstract: A low power reset circuit includes a bias generator for receiving an operating voltage generated by a power supply and generating a bias voltage in response to the received operating voltage. The operation speed of a shaper for generating a shaped signal for indicating the operating voltage and the operation speed of a comparator for comparing a threshold reference voltage with the shaped signal are both controlled in response to the generated bias voltage. The comparator also generates a comparison signal for indicating a result of the comparison. In response to the comparison signal, a reset signal generator generates a reset signal for resetting protected circuitry powered by the operating voltage generated by the power supply.

Abstract: An integrated circuit is provided with an MCU, which is configured to generate a PWM control signal that is free of switching pattern information therein. A current-estimating gate driver is provided, which is responsive to the PWM signal. This gate driver is configured to drive first and second gate terminals of first and second parallel switching devices (within a hybrid switch) with gate signals that establish a second switching pattern within the hybrid switch. These gate driving operations are performed in response to measuring a first voltage associated with a terminal of the hybrid switch when being driven by gate signals that establish a first switching pattern within the hybrid switch that is different from the second switching pattern. The duty cycles of the gate signals associated with the second switching pattern are unequal and the duty cycles of the gate signals associated with the first switching pattern are unequal.

Abstract: A communication device, a communication system and an operation method thereof are provided. The communication device includes a micro-controller unit (MCU) and a field programmable gate array (FPGA). The FPGA is coupled to the MCU, and is configured to execute a first communication protocol to work with the MCU so as to communicate with another communication device in a first period, and meanwhile the FPGA is programmed with a second communication protocol by the MCU in the same first period. The FPGA is controlled by a switch pulse output from the MCU to terminate the first period, and switched from the first communication protocol to the second communication protocol, and then executes the second communication protocol to work with the MCU so as to communicate with the another communication device in a second period.

Abstract: A method of configuring a programmable integrated circuit device to implement control flow at a current basic block. A branch selector node within the current basic block is configured to receive at least one control signal, where each of the at least one control signal is associated with a respective previous basic block. The branch selector node is further configured to select one of the at least one control signal based on one or more intended destinations for the at least one control signal, and provide the selected control signal to a data selector node within the current basic block. The data selector node is configured to select a data signal based on the selected control signal, where the selected data signal is from the respective previous basic block that is associated with the selected control signal.

Abstract: A programmable integrated circuit with lookup table circuitry is provided. The lookup table (LUT) circuitry may be formed using multiplexers. A multiplexer in the lookup table circuitry may be implemented using only tristate inverting circuits. Each tristate inverting circuit may include a first set of n-channel and p-channel transistors that receive a static control bit from a memory element and a second set of n-channel and p-channel transistors that receive true and complementary versions of a user signal. The first and second sets of transistors may be coupled in series between a positive power supply terminal and a ground power supply terminal. A LUT multiplexer implemented in this way need not include separate transmission gates at the output of each tristate inverting circuit and may exhibit minimal subthreshold leakage.

Abstract: An oscillator circuit has a reconfigurable oscillator amplifier. The reconfigurable oscillator amplifier is used to be coupled to a resonant circuit in parallel. The reconfigurable oscillator amplifier supports different circuit configurations for different operation modes, respectively. The reconfigurable oscillator amplifier has at least one circuit component shared by the different circuit configurations. The reconfigurable oscillator amplifier employs one of the different circuit configurations under one of the different operation modes.

Abstract: A method for producing an output bit stream for a first signal of a first carrier frequency by a security module involves the security module receiving an input signal comprising the first signal and a second signal of a second carrier frequency. A mixed signal is formed which has the first signal at the first carrier frequency, the second signal at the second carrier frequency, and a mixed product at an intermediate frequency. The mixed product is demodulated by a second nonlinear component to output a second baseband signal for generating a second bit stream relating to the first signal in the mixed product. The output logic produces the output bit stream for the first signal, and selects either the first bit stream or the second bit stream as the output bit stream for the first signal.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure include a microcontroller with a processor core, memory, and a plurality of peripheral devices including a differential digital delay line analog-to-digital converter (ADC). The ADC includes differential digital delay lines and circuit comprising a set of delay elements included in the differential digital delay lines configured to generate data representing an analog to digital conversion of an input. The microcontroller also includes a digital comparator coupled with an output of the ADC and an associated register, wherein at least one output of the digital comparator is configured to directly control another peripheral of the plurality of peripherals.

Abstract: An embodiment electronic circuit includes an electronic switch comprising a load path, a first protection circuit configured to generate a first protection signal based on a current-time-characteristic of a load current through the load path of the electronic switch, and a drive circuit configured to drive the electronic switch based on the first protection signal. The first protection circuit includes an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) configured to receive an ADC input signal representing the load current, to sample the ADC input signal once in each of a plurality of successive sampling periods, and to output an ADC output signal that includes a sequence of values such that each of the values represents a respective sample of the ADC input signal. The ADC is configured to pseudo-randomly select a sample time in each sampling period.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure include a differential digital delay line analog-to-digital converter (ADC). The ADC includes differential digital delay lines, a circuit including a set of delay elements included in the differential digital delay lines, and another circuit including another set of delay elements included in the differential digital delay lines. The first circuit is configured to generate data representing an analog to digital conversion of an input. The second circuit is configured to calibrate a source to the differential digital delay lines.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure include a microcontroller with a processor, memory, and peripheral devices including a differential digital delay line analog-to-digital converter (ADC). The ADC includes differential digital delay lines, a circuit including a set of delay elements included in the differential digital delay lines, and another circuit including another set of delay elements included in the differential digital delay lines. The first circuit is configured to generate data representing an analog to digital conversion of an input. The second circuit is configured to calibrate a source to the differential digital delay lines.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure include a differential digital delay line analog-to-digital converter (ADC), comprising differential digital delay lines including series coupled delay cells, wherein a delay time of a first delay line is controlled by a first input of the ADC and a delay time of a second delay line is controlled by a second input of the ADC. The ADC includes a pair of bypass multiplexers coupled at a predefined node location in the series coupled delay cells, latches each coupled with the series coupled delay cells, a converter circuit coupled with the plurality of latches configured to convert data from the latches into an output value of the ADC, and logic circuits configured to select data from the series coupled delay cells to the latches depending on a selected resolution of the differential digital delay line analog-to-digital converter.

Abstract: An embodiment electronic circuit includes an electronic switch comprising a load path, a first protection circuit configured to generate a first protection signal based on a current-time-characteristic of a load current through the load path of the electronic switch, and a drive circuit configured to drive the electronic switch based on the first protection signal. The first protection circuit includes a logarithmic analog-to-digital converter (ADC) configured to receive an ADC input signal representing the load current and to output an ADC output signal that includes a sequence of values such that each of the values represents a respective sample of the ADC input signal, a filter configured to filter the ADC output signal and output a filter output signal, and a comparator circuit configured to generate the first protection signal based on comparing the filter output signal with a predefined threshold.

Abstract: Techniques are described for optimizing a parity-check matrix for a low density parity check (LDPC) encoder. In an example, a first parity-check matrix is accessed. Based on a set of rules, an independent set of check nodes and variable nodes is determined. The set of rules specifies that a check node associated with the first parity-check matrix belongs to the independent set when the check node is connected to only one variable node from the independent set. The set of rules further specifies that a variable node associated with the first parity-check matrix belongs to the independent set when the variable node is connected to only one check node from the independent set. A size of the independent set is based on the set of rules. A second parity-check matrix is generated by at least applying a permutation to the first parity-check matrix based on the independent set.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a decoding path selection device for decoding codewords generated by convolutional codes or turbo codes encoders in error correction codes, the decoding path selection device comprising: a branch metrics calculation unit for receiving incoming signals and calculating branch metrics values; a programmable generalized trellis router for generating a decoding path control signal according to the turbo code or convolutional code specification employed by one of communications standards; a multiplexer for receiving the branch metrics values from the branch metrics calculation unit and the decoding path control signal from the programmable generalized trellis router and selecting a corresponding branch metrics value; a recursive calculation unit, connected after the multiplexer and for receiving the corresponding branch metrics value from the multiplexer; and an a-posteriori probability calculation unit, connected after the recursive calculation unit and for calculating a final decod

Abstract: A digital-electrical to analog-optical converter for converting a N-bit digital data signal uses a non-linear optical element that is susceptible to the Kerr effect. N digitally modulated optical bit stream sources are co-polarized and modulated according to individual bit streams of the digital data. The co-polarized digitally modulated signals interact with a polarized probe signal in the optical element causing the polarization of the probe signal to be changed. Propagating the polarization-changed probe signal output from the optical element through a polarizer provides an amplitude modulated optical signal corresponding to the N-bit digital signal.

Abstract: Certain aspects of the present disclosure relate to methods and apparatus for phase noise estimation in data symbols for millimeter wave (mmW). A method for wireless communications by a transmitting device is provided. The method generally includes identifying a phase noise metric associated with at least one receiving device; determining a phase noise pilot configuration based, at least in part, on the identified phase noise metric; and providing an indication of the phase noise pilot configuration to the at least one receiving device. A receiving device can receive the phase noise pilots in accordance with the configuration and determine phase noise for a data symbol based on the received phase noise pilots.

Abstract: The disclosure discloses an interference state detection method and device. The method includes that: a silence parameter is transmitted to all terminals in a communication system; when the communication system is in a silence state, a silence communication parameter of a base station is acquired; the silence communication parameter is compared with a standard communication parameter of the base station; and an interference state of the communication system is determined according to a comparison result.

Abstract: A method of processing interference received in a wireless network, the interference comprising a non-linear product of at least one downlink signal of the wireless network, is provided. The method includes intercepting a plurality of optical links, each optical link being between a respective baseband processing unit of a plurality of baseband processing units and a respective radio head of a plurality of radio heads, to provide a plurality of downlink and uplink data streams. The method includes detecting interference in an uplink data stream representing signals received at a first uplink carrier frequency caused by non-linear products of at least a signal at a first downlink carrier frequency represented by a downlink data stream. The method includes generating an indication comprising information relating to an uplink carrier frequency experiencing interference and at least one downlink carrier frequency causing interference.

Abstract: An RF tuner is described for handling RF signals in a broad frequency range and a broad power range while maintaining high linearity and tolerating high power blockers. A continuous feedback loop comprising a substantially linear LNA and an RF RSSI can adjust the power of the RF signal on the RF side. A substantially linear, variable gain transconductor may convert and amplify the voltage of the RF signal to a current signal. The converted signal may be down converted and filtered to an IF or baseband signal. An IF or baseband RSSI may measure the power of the down converted and filtered signal. The measured power may be compared against a preferred value to adjust the amplification of the transconductor.

Abstract: Antenna device (1) and method for operating same, comprising an antenna (2), wherein the antenna (2) is connected to an electronic device (4) via an antenna cable (3) and high-frequency signals are transmitted via the antenna cable (3) between the electronic device (4) and the antenna (2) and vice versa, characterized in that the antenna device (1) has a control unit (5) and switch units (6, 7) which are controlled by the control unit (5), wherein the switch units (6, 7) are switched between a receiving path (8) and a transmission path (9) between the electronic device (4) and the antenna (2).

Abstract: A communication device includes an antenna unit, an adjustment unit and a sensing and processing unit. The sensing and processing unit is electrically coupled to the antenna u and the adjustment unit. The antenna unit is configured to transmit a radio frequency (RE) signal. The adjustment unit is configured to adjust a frequency and a bandwidth of the RF signal. The sensing and processing unit is configured to sense a capacitance, so as to control the adjustment unit to adjust the frequency of the RE signal according to the capacitance, and to control the adjustment unit to adjust the bandwidth of the RE signal according to a system signal.

Abstract: A mobile terminal comprises: a metallic frame; a first cover and a second cover coupled to a front surface and a rear surface of the metallic frame, respectively; and a first waterproof layer and a second waterproof layer formed between the first cover and the metallic frame, and between the second cover and the metallic frame, respectively, wherein the metallic frame includes: a base portion configured to support a display unit formed on the front surface of the metallic frame; and an edge portion formed along an outer periphery of the base portion so as to radiate heat generated from the base portion, and exposed to outside of the mobile terminal between the first cover and the second cover.

Abstract: An electronic device mounting assembly includes a case that may contain an electronic device. A receiver is coupled to the case. A first electrical circuit is coupled to the case. The first electrical circuit may be in electrical communication with the electronic device. A set of couplers is provided. Each of the couplers may be selectively coupled to a vehicle. A selected one of the couplers engages the receiver to removably coupled the selected coupler to the case. Thus, the selected coupler couples the electronic device to the vehicle. Each of the couplers has a second electrical circuit coupled thereto. The second electrical circuit is in electrical communication with the first electrical circuit when the selected coupler is coupled to the receiver. The second electrical circuit may be placed in electrical communication with an extrinsic electronic device thereby facilitating the electronic device to communicate with the extrinsic electronic device.

Abstract: A device case for a portable electronic device includes a device stand attached to a hack surface of the case housing. The device stand is formed by an inner stand and outer stand connected by releasable hinged connections to the back surface of the case housing. A track is formed on a surface of the outer stand that the inner stand slides along. A locking portion such as a cavity or channel on the outer stand locks the inner stand into an open position with respect to the outer stand. At least a portion of the outer stand is flexible such that applying a threshold pressure to the device case causes the portion of the outer stand to flex such that the locking portion releases the inner and outer stand from the open position without damaging the stand.

Abstract: A phone case with shade including an open topped phone case that can removably retain a standard smart phone, a shade member and a shade holding frame. The shade holding frame is attached to the open topped phone case via hinge members. The shade and the frame are capable of retracting into the phone case when not in use. In the preferred embodiment a plurality of flat panels are hingedly connected to each other and capable of being folded and stacked on the underside of the phone case, or unfolded and frictionally held in position so that they shade the phone stored within the phone case.

Abstract: A mm wave circuit includes a multiplexer plate having first and second faces, and an output port in the first face. The mm wave circuit also includes a receiver having a receiver input port, the receiver being arranged on the first face and electrically earthed thereto, and an electrically insulating layer covering at least a portion of the first face, the electrically insulating layer having a top face spaced apart from the first face. The electrically insulating layer includes a via extending from the top face to the output port, the via having a via mouth arranged in the top face. The mm wave circuit also includes a receiving antenna at least partly covering the via mouth, the receiving antenna being connected to the receiver input port by a receive line.

Abstract: Switching circuits for wireless applications. In some embodiments, a switching circuit can include a common node and a plurality of series arm switches with each being capable of connecting the common node and a respective signal node. The switching circuit can further include a shunt arm switch for each of the series arm switches. The shunt arm switch can be capable of connecting the signal node of the respective series arm switch to a ground. The switching circuit can further include a compensation circuit coupled to the common node and configured to compensate for a parasitic effect resulting from some or all of the series arm switches and the shunt arm switches.

Abstract: A communication system provided to a working vehicle includes: an information receiving unit that communicates with identification devices and receives identification information; a first area information storage that stores first area information indicating an area where use of the information receiving unit is permitted; a comparing unit that compares the first area information with second area information indicating an area where the working vehicle is used; and a communication control unit that prohibits the information receiving unit from outputting electric waves when the second area information is not included in the first area information.

Abstract: Embodiments relate to the field of communications technologies, and in particular, to a device to device (D2D) signal frequency hopping method and a base station. The method includes: obtaining, by the base station, a first frequency hopping parameter, where the first frequency hopping parameter is a frequency hopping parameter of a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH). The method also includes sending, by the base station, the first frequency hopping parameter to D2D user equipment, and instructing, by the base station, the D2D user equipment to use the first frequency hopping parameter to perform frequency hopping on a D2D signal.

Abstract: In one example embodiment, a method includes determining a first set of first lines and a second set of second lines in a system, obtaining input signals to be transmitted over the first set of first lines and the second set of second lines, determining a vectoring matrix, processing, within the first set, the incoming signals for the first lines in parallel based on the vectoring matrix, processing, within the second set, the input signals for the second lines in parallel based on the vectoring matrix and processing the first set and the second set sequentially based on the vectoring matrix, the processing the second set being based on at least a portion of the processing the incoming signals for the first lines.

Abstract: A full duplex, low latency, near field data link controls a static and/or dynamic resonant induction, wireless power transfer system used for recharging electric vehicles and other electrically powered devices. A coherent transponder configuration enables low complexity synchronous detection and positive rejection of signals originating from nearby and adjacent vehicles. A reference crystal oscillator in the ground side apparatus provides frequency synchronization for both the forward and the return data links. Transmission is by means of near field magnetic induction between pairs of loop antennas which, together with the effective waveguide below cutoff structure comprised by the vehicle underbody and the ground surface, largely restrict signal propagation to the area in the immediate vicinity of the system antennas.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and other embodiments associated with wireless energy are described. In one embodiment, a method can comprise collecting an energy that is transmitted wirelessly to produce a collected energy. The method can also comprise supplying the collected energy to a device.

Abstract: A radio transmitting station includes: multiple transmitting antenna elements configured to transform electrical signals into radio waves and emit the radio waves; a precoder configured to control a beam direction of the radio waves to be emitted from the multiple transmitting antenna elements by giving precoding weights to the electrical signals to be supplied to the multiple transmitting antenna elements; and at least one power adjuster configured to adjust power of an electrical signal that is to be supplied to at least a portion of the multiple transmitting antenna elements, such that differences between powers of the electrical signals to be supplied to the multiple transmitting antenna elements are reduced.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for efficient precoding matrix verification in a multiple-input multiple-output MIMO wireless communication system are disclosed. A wireless transmit/receive unit WTRU sends a precoding matrix index PMI to an eNodeB. The eNodeB sends a verification message including a PMI indicator indicating whether or not the PMI of the WTRU and a PMI of the eNodeB are identical. If the PMI of the WTRU and of the eNodeB are identical, the eNodeB sends just a PMI indicator otherwise the eNodeB sends to the WTRU a PMI indicator and the PMI of the eNodeB. A plurality of PMIs may be sent simultaneously, and the PMIs may be partitioned into a plurality of groups. The PMI indicator may be either attached to or inserted into control signaling. PMI validation messages can be signaled to WTRU by control signaling or use of a dedicated reference signal.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide a channel measurement and feedback method, a network device, and a system, and relate to the field of communications technologies. The method includes: receiving, by a first network device, pilot port configuration information sent by a second network device, where the pilot port configuration information is used to describe at least two pilot ports; measuring, by using the at least two pilot ports, a pilot signal sent by the second network device, and determining first information, where the first information includes at least one of second information of the first network device or third information of a third network device when it is assumed that the first network device and the third network device communicate with the second network device by performing spatial multiplexing on a same time frequency resource.

Abstract: This invention provides a relay precoder selection method for two-way amplify-and-forward multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) relay systems and communication devices using the selection method or the selected relay precoder. According to the relationship between a relay precoder and the singular values of the effective MIMO channels, a set of candidate relay precoders are constructed based on the singular vector subspaces of cascaded MIMO channels, and one of them is selected for meeting a specific design criterion, such as the minimum sum of mean-squared errors, the maximum sum of channel capacities, and the minimum or maximum sum of condition numbers, where the condition number is defined as the ratio of the largest to the smallest singular value of a MIMO channel. As compared with the iterative design methods with the best performance, this invention achieves close performance while requiring much lower computational complexity.

Abstract: Front-end architecture having switchable duplexer. In some embodiments, a front-end architecture can include a first receive signal path having a first receive filter coupled to a first antenna, a second receive signal path having a second receive filter coupled to a second antenna, and a transmit signal path having a transmit filter. The front-end architecture can further include a signal routing assembly configured to couple the transmit filter to the first antenna in a first mode, and to couple the transmit filter to the second antenna in a second mode.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a pre-5th-Generation (5G) or 5G communication system to be provided for supporting higher data rates Beyond 4th-Generation (4G) communication system such as Long Term Evolution (LTE). An operation method of a reception node in a wireless communication system includes: receiving first signals including a signal received through a first channel, which is a channel between at least one transmission node belonging to a cell of the reception node and the reception node, and a signal received through a second channel, which is a channel between at least one transmission node belonging to a neighbor cell and the reception node during a first time interval; receiving a second signal, to which beamforming for removing a signal from at least one transmission node belonging to the neighbor cell is applied, from a relay station through a channel between the relay station and the reception node; and decoding a third signal acquired by adding the first signal and the second signal.

Abstract: To facilitate spatial sharing, signaling may be used. A first node may receive one or more frame exchanges between a second node and a third node, wherein the second node is associate with the third node. The first node may then detect a spatial sharing scenario (SSS) with an overlapping basic service set (BSS) based on the received one or more frame exchanges. Also, the first node may transmit a directional poll request to at least a fourth node associated with the first node based on the detected SSS, and thereby null directional transmissions associated with the second node, the third node or both. The first node may then receive a direction poll response from the fourth node. Further, the first node may transmit one or more directional, beamformed transmissions to the fourth node simultaneously with directional, beamformed transmissions by the second node to the third node.

Abstract: A method for reporting channel state information (CSI) from a user equipment to a base station in a wireless communication system is disclosed. The method comprises the steps of configuring a first feedback chain corresponding to a first channel state information-reference signal (CSI-RS) and a second feedback chain corresponding to a second CSI-RS through higher layer signaling; generating a first partial CSI and a second partial CSI corresponding to each of the feedback chains by using the first and second CSI-RSs received from the base station; periodically reporting the first partial CSI to the base station in accordance with the first feedback chain; and aperiodically reporting the second partial CSI to the base station in accordance with the second feedback chain.

Abstract: A user equipment (UE) includes a transmit chain that includes multiple radio frequency transmitters, multiple power amplifiers and a front end (FE) through which signals are transmitted. To achieve a high power UE solution, aspects of the disclosure selectively combine two or more power amplifier outputs based on an expected power output of the UE. To synchronously combine the outputs, an output feedback signal from a feedback receiver is used to adjust a delay and a phase of one or more signals associated with the power amplifiers.

Abstract: In order to provide an antenna that is small and resonates at a plurality of frequencies, an antenna according to the present invention is provided with: a first conductor of a ring shape, having an air gap; a second conductor arranged inside the ring, with both ends of the second conductor connected to the first conductor, having a first gap; and a third conductor arranged in a region surrounded by a part not including the air gap out of the first conductor, and the second conductor, with both ends connected to the first conductor, having a second gap, and a value obtained by multiplying a length of an outer periphery of a region surrounded by a part including the air gap out of the first conductor, and the third conductor, by capacitance of the air gap is different from a value obtained by multiplying a length of an outer periphery of a region surrounded by the second conductor, the third conductor, and the first conductor, by capacitance of the first gap.

Abstract: WTRUs, access points (APs) and methods thereon are disclosed. A method on a WTRU may include receiving a message from an AP that comprises a beamformee capability element; sending a second message to the AP that comprises a beamformer capability element; and receiving, from the AP, a third message in response to the second message that indicates a group to which the WTRU is assigned. The group may be based on the beamformer capability element and the group may indicate UL transmission information to be used by the WTRU. A method on an AP may include determining a group for multiple WTRUs based on a received beamformer capability element. A method on a WTRU may include sending to an AP a message with a low overhead preamble for UL MU-MIMO. The low overhead preamble may include LTFs that enable the AP to distinguish the WTRU from other WTRUs.

Abstract: This utility patent is for the encoding of information that utilizes more than one electromagnetic polarized wave (radio wave or optical wave) from a single location and over a single frequency in which each of the electromagnetic polarized waves are independently adjusted in signal strength. The combined electromagnetic waves are then received at a single location and decoded. Combined electromagnetic waves pertains to using more than one electromagnetic wave in a mathematical formula with all electromagnetic waves being included in the formula. Single frequency, pertaining to this patent application Ser. No. 15/093,572 pertains to what is commonly referred to as the carrier frequency. The modulation from each of the antennas independently can be in the form of Amplitude Modulation, Frequency Modulation, Frequency-Shift Keying, or other modulations.

Abstract: A radio control device includes, a transmission unit that transmits, to the radio relay device, a first frame which has a plurality of subframes each having a fixed time length, the plurality of subframes including one or more subframes that store respective identifiers of the plurality of radio devices and the radio relay device, a reception unit that receives a second frame which has one or more subframes that store the identifiers of the plurality of radio devices and the radio relay device from the radio relay device, and a detection unit that detects a time difference between a transmission time point of the subframe that stores the identifiers of the respective devices in the first frame and a reception time point of the subframe that stores the identifiers of the respective devices in the second frame received.

Abstract: Disclosed is an architecture for observing a plurality of objects arranged in geographically separate locations, including: a processing center connected to a global computer network, and at least one airliner. The at least one airlines includes: a cabin system including a local network, a first external communication module, a second external communication module, and an intermediate communication module connected to the first external communication module by the local network and to the second external communication module by the local network, the intermediate communication module communicating digital data including observation data between the second external communication module and the first external communication module via the local network.

Abstract: A communications terminal comprises data interface, a transport selection processor and a plurality of communications modems. The data interface receives input data from application sessions for transmission over a data communications network. Each of the application sessions imposes respective transmission requirements for transmission of the data over the data communications network. Each of the communications modems transmits the input data over the data communications network via a respective transmission platform, wherein each transmission platform exhibits respective transmission characteristics based on a transmission technology of the transmission platform. The modems are configured to transmit the input data simultaneously.