Abstract: A bed sheet is provided that includes top, side and end panels. Adjacent ends of the side and end panels are joined to form a seam at a corner of the sheet. The side and end panels each have a lower edge that is spaced apart from the top panel. At least one of the corners includes a power band having a first side that extends from a portion of the lower edge of one of the end panels to one of the seams. A second side of the power band extends from a portion of the lower edge of one of the side panels to the one of the seams. A third side of the power band extends from the portion of the lower edge of the one of the end panels to the portion of the lower edge of the one of the side panels.

Abstract: A supporting pillow structure for a user to sleep or to perform sedentary activity facing down toward the pillow structure with the user's hands and arms placed below their face. Embodiments of the pillow structure may be configured to provide users with comfort and support while the user is seated leaning forward at a desk or table. Embodiments may be further configured to expand and compress, for example to inflate and deflate, into a compact easy to carry package.

Abstract: A percolator for brewing a heated beverage has a percolator main body and a handle having a handle body and a flexible removable grip. An inner wall of the removable grip defines a handle cavity to enclose a lengthwise extending portion of the handle body. A first edge and a second edge of the removable grip extend from a grip first end to a grip second end along the length of the removable grip. The first edge and the second edge are separable from each other to define a gap through which the handle body may be selectively inserted into the handle cavity and withdrawn from the handle cavity.

Abstract: A drinking vessel comprising a drinking container comprising an interior, a drinking attachment comprising a bottom wall and a drinking element, which protrudes upwards from the bottom wall and which has at least one drinking opening on the outer end, which is connected to the interior via a passage channel, which extends through the drinking element, holding devices for releasably holding the drinking attachment on the drinking container, a drinking valve arranged in the passage channel, which closes when ambient pressure is present at the drinking opening, and which opens when a suction underpressure is present at the drinking opening, characterized in that the drinking valve comprises a tube, which is open on the top and closed on the bottom, which, in a wall, has at least one flow-through opening, which connects the inside of the tube to the outside of the tube, wherein the wall of the tube, at least in the area of the flow-through opening, is formed as a soft elastic diaphragm, and when ambient pressu

Abstract: A system for regulating a temperature of a liquid within a drinking vessel. The system including a temperature regulating device including an exterior surface and a composition disposed within a cavity, the exterior surface providing thermal communication between the composition and the liquid; and a securing element releasably securing the temperature regulating device within the vessel.

Abstract: In an aspect, an eating utensil includes a controllable odorant emitter for delivering an odorant to a person who is eating or drinking from the eating utensil. The odorant may be delivered orthonasally or retronasally. The odorant may be used to stimulate or suppress appetite. In an aspect, a controllable odorant emitter is provided in an attachment that may be removably secured to an eating utensil. Related methods and systems for delivering odorant in connection with use of an eating utensil are described.

Abstract: An elevated coaster includes a base section that has a generally square cross-sectional shape. A first side of the base section has walls forming an open-top container for containing objects. An opposing second side of the base section is for resting on a surface. A pillar has a first end and a distal second end; the first end is connected to and depends centrally from the first side of the base section. The elevated coaster includes an elevated section that has a generally circular cross-sectional shape. The upper surface of the elevated section has a rim sized to contain the glass or the cup and an opposing lower surface of the elevated section is connected to the second end of the pillar, thereby elevating the elevated section above the surface on which the base section rests.

Abstract: Compression garment donning aid devices, methods, and kits including a compression garment donning aid with flexible sheets, each of the flexible sheets having: a sheet leg edge having a first sheet leg corner opposite a second sheet leg corner; a mateable sheet leg fastener attached to the first sheet leg corner and the second sheet leg corner; and a sheet waist edge opposite the sheet leg edge, the sheet waist edge having a front sheet waist corner opposite a back sheet waist corner. The donning aid further includes a sheet back fastener attached to the back sheet waist corner of one of the flexible sheets and the back sheet waist corner of the other of the flexible sheets; and a sheet front fastener attached to the front sheet waist corner of one of the flexible sheets and the front sheet waist corner of the other of the flexible sheets.

Abstract: A carpet stretcher device has an automatic adjusting tube that changes length with telescoping motion of an inside tube and an outside tube. A housing is mounted on the outside tube, and at least one lever is connected to the housing. A hand lever controls the motion of a spring-loaded rotating arm with a locking button positioned within the housing to insert and remove the locking button from holes in the tubes. When lifted away from the housing, the hand lever releases the rotating arms, which rotate to remove the locking button from holes in the tubes and thereby allow the tubes to telescope. The carpet stretcher may also have a floor lever that retracts when the device contacts a floor surface and extends when the device is lifted off a floor surface. When extended, the floor lever also releases the rotating arms, thereby allowing the tubes to telescope.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a blind-type curtain and particularly, to a blind-type curtain capable of allowing curtain blinds to be individually separated and washed or replaced and allowing a light-transmitting state and a blackout state to be easily controlled since a plurality of curtain blinds are connected to each other by a connector, and allowing the curtain blinds to easily form a “U” shape since an extension plate is formed. The present invention can increase aesthetics by fastening adjacent blackout curtain parts through the connector. In addition, the present invention enables light transmittance in the curtain state, and can use a blackout curtain effect by using rotation (the angle control of verticals) when adjacent blackout curtain parts are fastened through a connector. Additionally, the present invention facilitates individual washing and repair due to contamination or damage since a plurality of curtain blinds can be individually separated.

Abstract: A compact cooking implement includes a pan, a top flange, a handle, and a stand flange. The pan has a rectangular bottom and four perpendicular walls. One of the four walls extends from each of four edges of the bottom. The top flange is disposed on a top edge of the walls of the pan. The top flange extends perpendicularly outward from a top edge of each of the four walls. The handle extends outwardly from the top flange. The stand flange extends from the top flange outwardly at an angle from a plane including the top flange.

Abstract: Disclosed is an automatic stir-fryer comprising: a machine stand; a base pivotably provided on the machine stand; a rotary shaft providing rotary power and connected to a stir-frying rotary tank containing foodstuffs; a high-frequency induction heating unit coaxially covering the stir-frying rotary tank; a tilting unit pivotably disposed on the base; a receiving tank provided on the machine stand for receiving the cooked foodstuffs and controlled by an automatic push rod to move forward and backward; a cleaning unit assembled on the machine stand and corresponding to the stir-frying rotary tank after tilting by the tilting unit for water cleaning the stir-frying rotary tank; a control unit vertically disposed on the machine stand and provided with an control panel for controlling the operating time of the automatic stir-fryer and the temperature of the high-frequency induction heating unit.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for preparing a beverage in a machine (1), preferably an automated capsule-based brewing machine, wherein the method comprises the steps of: a) introducing liquid and infusible beverage material into an infusion chamber (10) of the machine so as to brew the beverage; and then b) opening a passage (29) in the machine for a dispensing time to allow the brewed beverage to flow under force of gravity from the infusion chamber (10) to a dispensing orifice (40); wherein in step (b) the flow resistance of the passage (29) is decreased during the dispensing time.

Abstract: Apparatuses related to a beverage system. The system includes a piercing apparatus that includes an inner ring composed of a rigid material and an outer ring composed of a flexible material that encompasses the inner ring. The outer ring has an upper portion disposed above the inner ring that has a greater range of motion than the outer ring that encompasses the inner ring. The piercing apparatus further includes a piercer composed of a rigid material that is connected to the inner ring by a plurality of arms that radially extend from the piercer to the inner ring. The plurality of arms define a plurality of openings between the arms. The outer ring includes a protrusion that circumferentially protrudes outward from an outer surface of the outer ring.

Abstract: A beverage maker, including a receiver including a hollow body with an interior surface and an exterior surface, wherein the hollow body is configured to retain contents, a reservoir configured to retain fluid, a fluid transfer configured to transfer fluid from the reservoir to the receiver, a heating element in thermal communication with at least one of the reservoir and the receiver, and at least one pipe configured to receive contents from the receiver, wherein the at least one pipe is configured to dispense the contents from the beverage maker.

Abstract: An apparatus for brewing and dispensing beverages such as coffee, said apparatus comprising a water tank comprising a water inlet configured for fresh water supply, and one or more heater elements, said apparatus comprising a water tank outlet, which is connected via a hot water channel to a water faucet a brewing chamber and a dispensing nozzle, wherein said hot water channel has at least one section forming a flow path for hot water, said at least one section of said hot water channel is configured such that it is in direct thermal contact with the periphery of said water tank along the entire length of said at least one section of said hot water channel, and such that said at least one section of said hot water channel extends substantially parallel to the periphery of said water tank.

Abstract: Described herein is a reusable microwave splatter cover member with improved ventilation that is storable in the microwave oven on an interior surface via one or more microwave-safe magnets disposed at a portion of the cover member. In related embodiments, the cover member includes one or more removable or overmolded silicone handles as well as protruding handles for improved handling immediately following use in a microwave oven.

Abstract: A slow cooker liner. The slow cooker liner includes a substantially flat base having an outer edge forming an oval shape. A sidewall extends vertically from the outer edge of the base, the sidewall having an oblong frusto conical shape. The sidewall includes a bottom rim having a smaller diameter than a top rim. The bottom rim is attached to the base and the top rim forms an opening leading into a receptacle of the liner. An inner and outer surface of the sidewall includes a constant taper from the bottom rim to the top rim. The substantially flat base and the sidewall are made of silicone.

Abstract: A master controller programmed to execute a recipe, stored in computer memory, for a finished food product, prepared from a plurality of raw ingredients; a raw ingredients storage unit controller controlled by the master controller and programmed to control a mechanism for getting the plurality of raw ingredients for the recipe; a cleaning controller controlled by the master controller and programmed by computer software to control one or more cleaning devices configured to clean one or more of the plurality of raw ingredients; a manipulator controller programmed to control one or more devices which physically manipulate one or more of the plurality of raw ingredients by one or more of grinding, mincing, peeling, cutting, and rolling one or more of the plurality of raw ingredients; and a heater controller programmed to control one or more heating devices to heat one or more of the plurality of raw ingredients.

Abstract: The invention relates to a grill system for grilling food. The grill system includes a grill surface, a first side surface, a second side surface and a rear surface. The grill surface has four sides and is generally horizontal and surrounded on multiple sides by vertical walls to form an enclosure below the grill surface. The first side surface is adjacent to a first side of the grill surface and the second side surface is adjacent to a second side of the grill surface. The second side surface is on an opposite side of the grill surface from the first side surface. The rear surface is positioned adjacent to a third side of the grill surface and extends between the first side surface and the second side surface. The first side surface, the second side surface and the rear surface are foldable between a first generally horizontal orientation that is generally planar with the grill surface and a second generally vertical orientation that is generally perpendicular to the grill surface.

Abstract: A device for grinding coffee beans includes a body provided with a vertical hopper for the entry of the coffee beans and a separate vertical outlet for the ground coffee, which are mutually connected by way of a horizontal seat within which a shaft is associated axially and rotatably. A first grinder is keyed to the shaft and interacts with a facing second grinder. These grinders cooperate with elements adapted to allow a first, micro-adjustment and a second, macro-adjustment of the grinding as a function of the type of coffee beans selected.

Abstract: The invention relates to a meal preparation assembly for preparing meals for infants, that includes a first culinary preparation module, such as a mixing module, and a connection base (8; 8?) for at least the first module (6; 4?, 6?), the base being adapted to be supplied with electrical energy and including an electrical connector (90; 90?, 92) in order to connect the first module in a removable manner and to transfer the electrical energy to the first module when it is connected, this electrical connector (90; 90?, 92) being retractable. The assembly includes a second steam cooking module (4, 4?) which is separate and distinct from the first module (6; 6?) and the base includes a user interface.

Abstract: An apparatus for accommodating a beverage includes an outer vessel defining a vessel cavity for receiving a cooling agent, a container having a lid and a beverage receptacle and a port. The lid is configured for engagement with the outer vessel to releasably mount the container to the outer vessel. The beverage receptacle defines a receptacle chamber for accommodating a liquid beverage for consumption by a user. The receptacle chamber is isolated from the vessel cavity. The beverage receptacle comprises a thermal conductive material and is at least partially disposed within the vessel cavity of the outer vessel when the container is mounted to the outer vessel whereby thermal energy is transferred from the cooling agent to the liquid beverage. The port defines a port opening in fluid communication with the receptacle chamber to permit distribution of the liquid beverage to the user. The outer vessel and mounted container may be positioned within a freezing apparatus to freeze the cooling agent, e.g.

Abstract: A device (1) for the withdrawal of wet wipes, in particular for disinfection, comprises a container (7), in which the wet wipes are contained. The container (7) is insertable in a support (2). The support (2) is provided with an opening (11), which is provided with a receiving part (6), in which the container (7) is able to be inserted. A lid (12), which is pivotably held on the support (2), is held via a spring element in a position closing the opening and in an opened position. A sealing element fixable on the support (2), which sealing element surrounds the opening (11) of the container (7) inserted in the support, comes into contact in a sealing way with the lid when the latter is located in the closed position. This device, closing in a tightly sealed way, is easy to use.

Abstract: A toilet apparatus has a waste material receiving bowl with an opening at a top of the waste material receiving bowl. A bag receives and retains waste material and an absorbent media introduced through the opening. An agitation device agitate the absorbent media and the waste material at a lower portion of the bag to cause the absorbent media to at least substantially cover the waste material while the agitation device is not contacting the absorbent media and the waste material.

Abstract: A lightweight portable outdoor toilet system configured to support a user while facing toward a tree or another fixed anchor point during a personal moment. The system can be used to hover directly over the ground or with a detachable pouch configured to support a single use liner.

Abstract: An assembly of cooperatively hinged nested toilet seats of sizes downwardly graduated from smaller to larger, from a smallest top seat to a largest bottom first seat. Each of the relatively smaller seats nests within a declining inner seat contour of a relatively larger seat below it. An extension of the declining inner seat contour of each seat defines a downward seat flange, which is configured to extend within the rim of the toilet bowl when the seat is lowered. Each successively smaller seat has a downward seat flange which is configured, when the seat is lowered, to nest within and engage the inner perimeter of the seat opening defined by the downward seat flange of the seat below it. The cross-sectional profile of each of the nested toilet seats comprises the downward seat flange, which transitions into the declining inner seat contour, which transitions into a middle seat contour, which in turn transitions into an outer seat contour.

Abstract: A side brush for a robotic cleaner. The side brush is rotatable about a rotation axis in a rotational direction and has a brush body and numerous linear bristles including a first bristle having a base end at the brush body and an opposite distal end. An imaginary line extends perpendicularly to the rotation axis. The first bristle extends in a bristle direction outwardly from the brush body. Seen in a top view, the bristle direction extends at a first angle to the imaginary line with the distal end pointing rearwardly in relation to the rotational direction. Seen in a side view, the bristle direction extends at a second acute angle to the rotation axis pointing away from the brush body. A robotic cleaner having such a side brush is also disclosed herein.

Abstract: Provided is an autonomous mobile cleaner including a main body, a suction unit having a handle and configured to suck up surrounding foreign material, an air pipe configured to connect the main body and the suction unit and guide the foreign material into the main body, at least one driving wheel installed below the main body, a driving unit configured to drive the driving wheel by operating a driving motor, a wheel sensor configured to sense rotation of the driving wheel, and a controller configured to control the movement of the main body through the driving unit on the basis of the rotation of the driving wheel sensed by the wheel sensor.

Abstract: A method of operating a dishwashing machine including determining user satisfaction with a dishwashing cycle, adjusting at least one operational parameter of the dishwashing cycle based on the user satisfaction, and incorporating the adjusted operational parameter into a subsequent dishwashing cycle.

Abstract: A dishwasher and a method for controlling a dishwasher are provided. The dishwasher may include a washing tub that defines a washing space in which one or more dishes may be placed; an injection unit that injects wash water to the dishes; a sump provided underneath of the washing tub; a drive that supplies and circulates the wash water stored in the sump to the injection unit; and a drainage pump that drains the wash water from the sump. The method for controlling the dishwasher may include supplying wash water to the dishwasher; washing dishes using the wash water; rinsing the washed dishes; and drying the dishes. The method may further include exhausting by operating the drainage pump for a predetermined period of time to exhaust air from the drainage pump after the supplying of the wash water to the dishwasher.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a rotating spray arm for use in a dishwasher. The rotating spray arm comprises a main body, an inlet port for receiving wash liquor, a channel inside the main body for conducting the wash liquor, an outlet port for discharging the wash liquor, wherein the inlet port and the outlet port open both into the channel and a mounting means for rotatably and releasably mounting the main body into the tub of the dishwasher.

Abstract: A dishwasher that includes: a tub configured to accommodate an object; a main arm that is configured to (i) rotate about a first axis inside the tub, (ii) guide first water of the incoming water through a first flow path and second water of the incoming water through a second flow path, and (iii) spray the first water to the object; an auxiliary arm that is configured to (i) rotate about a second axis inside the tub and (ii) spray the second water to the object; and an auxiliary arm connector that couples the main arm to the auxiliary arm and that is rotatable with the auxiliary arm, the auxiliary arm connector including: an auxiliary flow path guide that is configured to (i) guide the second water from the main arm to the auxiliary arm and (ii) control water pressure of the second water is disclosed.

Abstract: A dishwasher is provided that may include a tub configured to define a washing space in which a washing object is washed, the tub having an open side, a first accommodating rack configured to accommodate the washing object inside of the tub, the first accommodating rack being unloadable from the tub, and a door configured to selectively open and close the open side of the tub, the door supporting the first accommodating rack when the first accommodating rack is unloaded. The tub may include a first protrusion protruding from an inner sidewall of the tub toward the washing space so as to support the first accommodating rack and guide movement of the first accommodating rack, and a second protrusion provided above the first protrusion and protruding from the inner sidewall of the tub toward the washing space so as to prevent the first accommodating rack from being lifted upward when the first accommodating rack is unloaded.

Abstract: The dishwasher includes a cabinet provided with a washing space inside thereof, and a nozzle unit for spraying washing water into the washing space. The nozzle unit includes a first unit body and a second unit body. Any one of the first and second unit bodies includes a first coupling rib formed along at least a portion of the periphery and a second coupling rib spaced apart from the first coupling rib by a predetermined distance. The other of the first and second unit bodies includes a third coupling rib inserted between the first and second coupling ribs and a second coupling rib located inside the third coupling rib, and stepped ribs configured to face each other.

Abstract: The dishwasher includes a cabinet in which a washing space is formed, a supply pipe through which the washing water moves, and a nozzle unit connected to the supply pipe for spraying washing water into the washing space. The nozzle unit includes a unit body having an injection hole for injecting wash water into the washing space, a rotation holder coupled to the unit body, and a rotation holder rotatably disposed on the supply pipe. The supply pipe includes a holder that supports the rotation holder and is coupled along the periphery of the supply pipe.

Abstract: A dishwasher that includes: a washing tub that includes an interior space to accommodate objects; a main arm that is configured to rotate in the interior space and spray water to the objects; an auxiliary arm that is configured to rotate in the interior space and spray water to the objects; a stationary gear unit that is configured to rotate with the main arm, and that includes a plurality of gear teeth; an eccentric gear unit that is configured to rotate based on rotation of the main arm, the eccentric gear unit being in engagement with one or more teeth of the plurality of gear teeth; and a link member that is configured to (i) generate elastic force based on rotation of the eccentric gear unit and (ii) rotate the auxiliary arm based on elastic force is disclosed.

Abstract: A method of controlling a dishwasher includes washing an object accommodated inside a tub by spraying water and detergent onto the object, rinsing the object by spraying water onto the object, drying the object by removing moisture adhered to the object, detecting an amount of a rinsing agent, comparing the detected amount of the rinsing agent to a predetermined amount, based on the comparison, determining whether the detected amount of the rinsing agent is less than the predetermined amount, and increasing at least one of a temperature of water to be supplied in the rinsing or a drying time in the drying based on determining that the detected amount of the rinsing agent is less than the predetermined amount.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a dishwasher comprising a body; a heat pump that is disposed inside the body, that provides the heating of the water to be used in the washing step and that has a first heat exchanger, a second heat exchanger transferring the heat received from the first heat exchanger to the wash water and a compressor fluidly connected to the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger, realizing the refrigerant cycle, and a tank wherein the first heat exchanger or the second heat exchanger is placed.

Abstract: There are provided an endoscopic diagnosis apparatus, image processing method, and a non-transitory computer-readable recording medium that enable easy measurement of the size of a lesion portion or the like based on an endoscopic image captured through a normal operation without a special operation. A region detecting unit detects, from a position in an endoscopic image, a region having a periodic structure of living tissue. An imaging size calculating unit calculates, in number of pixels, an imaging size in the endoscopic image equivalent to a period in the periodic structure in the region having the periodic structure. A pixel size calculating unit calculates an actual size corresponding to one pixel of the endoscopic image. A scale generating unit generates scales indicating an actual size of the subject in the endoscopic image. A control unit causes the endoscopic image and the scales to be combined and displayed on a display unit.

Abstract: Endoscopic systems and methods that provide wireless power transmission from a camera head to at least one solid-state light source housed in an endoscopic device. The endoscopic systems and methods employ a multi-stage electromagnetic induction coupling mechanism that can wirelessly transfer power from the camera head to an endocoupler, as well as from the endocoupler to the solid-state light source, while allowing axial rotational motion of at least the camera head, the endocoupler, and/or the endoscopic device relative to one another.

Abstract: Exemplary apparatus, systems, methods of making, and methods of using a configuration in an optical arrangement for spectrally encoded endoscopy (SEE) probe can be provided. For example, the probe can comprise a fixed guiding portion and a rotatable dispersive portion.

Abstract: An apparatus for performing surgical procedures is disclosed including a flexible entry guide tube and a first steering device. The guide tube has one or more lumens extending along its length from a proximal end to substantially at or near a distal end. At least one of the one or more lumens is an instrument lumen with open ends to receive a flexible shaft of a surgical tool. The first steering device is insertable into the instrument lumen to shape the guide tube as it is inserted through an opening in a body and along a path towards a surgical site. The apparatus may further include a flexible locking device to couple to the flexible entry guide tube and selectively rigidize the guide tube to hold its shape. The guide tube may be steered by remote control with one or more actuators.

Abstract: In an endoscope including a rear grasping portion extending along a second longitudinal axis that is a direction flexed relative to a first longitudinal axis along which the operation portion body extends, a bend preventing portion covering a universal cable extending out from the proximal end side of the rear grasping portion is joined to the proximal end side of the rear grasping portion via a movable joint portion so that a direction of the bend preventing portion can be changed by the movable joint portion to a first direction oriented to the inner side in the flexion direction of the rear grasping portion relative to the operation portion body and a second direction oriented to the outer side in the flexion direction of the rear grasping portion relative to operation portion body.

Abstract: There are provided an endoscopic diagnosis apparatus, image processing method, and recording medium that enable easy measurement of the size of a lesion portion or the like based on an endoscopic image captured through a normal operation without a special operation. A region detecting unit detects, from an endoscopic image, a region of an artificial object or the like that is in contact with a subject. An imaging size calculating unit calculates, in number of pixels, an imaging size in the endoscopic image of the region of the artificial object or the like that is in contact with the subject. A pixel size calculating unit calculates an actual size corresponding to one pixel. A scale generating unit generates scales indicating an actual size of the subject in the endoscopic image. A control unit performs control to combine the endoscopic image and the scales and to display.

Abstract: There is provided a camera head for endoscope which enables to achieve a favorable fluorescent image in any wavelength band when the observation is switched over from a normal white-light image observation to an observation of fluorescent images of different wavelength bands.

Abstract: A body cavity illumination apparatus has a position-controlling trocar and an intra-corporeal light element. The position-controlling trocar has a sticker, a positioning device, a trocar tube, and a trocar connector. The sticker has a through hole. The positioning device is deposited on the sticker. The trocar tube is connected to the positioning device, extends through the sticker, and has an inner end and an outer end. The trocar connector is connected to the outer end of the trocar tube. The intra-corporeal light element is detachably mounted in the position-controlling trocar and has a shaft, a shaft connector, a cable connector, and a light cable. The positioning-controlling trocar may provide a holding effect to the intra-corporeal light element without manual holding to keep the position. In use, the intra-corporeal light element may provide an intra-corporeal illumination effect at multi-angles.

Abstract: Provided is an optical fiber scanner capable of generating an image with excellent image quality, which displaces an emission end of an optical fiber by means of an optical scanning actuator and scans light emitted from the optical fiber, in which the optical fiber 31 includes a photonic crystal fiber at least in a propagation path of the light leading to the optical scanning actuator.

Abstract: The present invention provides a reading test to measure vision loss. In one embodiment, the vision loss is due to disease progression. The tests are useful in evaluating the effects of intervention in vision deterioration. The tests are non-invasive, simple, quick, sensitive, reproducible, and easy to administer. The tests measure the subject's reading speed and accuracy under defined conditions of illumination and contrast. The results of these tests may be used to determine if treatment of a disease should be initiated, terminated, altered, or remain unchanged.

Abstract: A laser system that includes a laser source emitting a laser beam along an axis and a keratometer. The keratometer includes a first set of individual light sources that are equally spaced from one another along a first ring and that direct a first light toward an eye and a second set of individual light sources that are equally spaced from another along a second ring and direct a second light toward the eye, wherein the first ring and said second ring are co-planar and concentric with one another about the axis. The laser system includes a telecentric lens that receives the first light and second light reflected off of the eye and a detector that receives light from the telecentric lens and forms an image. The laser system also includes a processor that receives signals from said detector representative of the image and determines an astigmatism axis of the eye based on the signals.