Abstract: A dual tank wastewater treatment system for performing an extended aeration process to provide a natural, biological breakdown of the organic matter in wastewater using, for example, but not limited to, a continuously operating air pump and diffuser bar system for aeration purposes and a flexible media filter. The air pump used is stronger than conventional air pumps and the diffuser bar is designed to provide more efficient oxygen transfer than conventional diffuser systems by mixing air against the system flow to provide better mixing and longer retention time in the aeration process. The flexible media filter provides a final filtration and polishing of the effluent before it passes through a flow equalization apparatus and exits the system.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a bio-assisted method for treatment of spent caustic by treating with haloalkaliphilic consortium of bacteria capable of reducing or transforming sulphides, thiols, mercaptants and other sulphur containing compounds, phenols, hydrocarbons, naphthenic acids and their derivatives in spent caustic.

Abstract: A method of removing organic carbon in biological wastewater treatment includes the steps of: (a) oxidizing organic carbon to carbon dioxide with elemental sulfur as an electron carrier, and reducing the elemental sulfur to sulfide; (b) oxidizing the sulfide to elemental sulfur by recycled nitrate through controlling one or more of a recycling ratio to maintain an oxidation reduction potential (ORP) within the range of ?360 my to ?420 mv, using an auto ORP controller; (c) recycling the elemental sulfur formed during oxidation of the sulfide back to the oxidation of the organic carbon; and (d) oxidizing ammonium to nitrate then partially recycled back for sulfide oxidation.

Abstract: A process in which a waste stream containing microbes and organic constituents is passed through a process environment comprising a solid media, microbes, and higher animals, such that some of the microbes and/or organic constituents within the waste stream are removed from the waste stream and some of the removed microbes are destroyed or consumed by the higher animals. The process environment may include an irrigated environment, a submerged environment, or a combined environment.

Abstract: Submerged combustion methods and systems including a melter equipped with an exhaust passage through the ceiling or the sidewall having an aggregate hydraulic diameter. Submerged combustion burners configured to create turbulent conditions in substantially all of the material being melted, and produce ejected portions of melted material. An exhaust structure including a liquid-cooled exhaust structure defining a liquid-cooled exhaust chamber having a cross-sectional area greater than that of the exhaust stack but less than the melter.

Abstract: Apparatus for producing glass ribbon comprises a plurality of cooling coils positioned along a cooling axis of the apparatus extending transverse to a draw direction. The cooling coils are configured to control a transverse temperature profile of the glass ribbon along a cooling axis. Each cooling coil can be fabricated from at least one tube and configured to circulate fluid to remove heat from the cooling coil. In further examples, methods of producing a glass ribbon include the step of controlling a transverse temperature profile of the glass ribbon along a width of the glass ribbon. The step of controlling the temperature profile includes selectively removing heat from at least one of a plurality of cooling coils positioned along the cooling axis.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a formed glass includes using a heating apparatus. The heating apparatus includes a heating element and a heat reservoir having a transmittance of 50% or more in a wavelength of 0.5 um to 2.5 um. The heat reservoir is arranged between the heating element and a glass substrate as an object to be heated. The glass substrate is heated with the heating element, and the glass substrate is formed into a desired shape.

Abstract: A system for shaping glass or metal sheets or panels for use in solar collectors or microwave antennae may include an oven and an adjustable mold. The adjustable mold may comprise a molding surface located within the oven. The molding surface may be coupled to position actuators located outside of the oven via coupling elements. A sheet or panel may be placed in the oven and heated until the sheet or panel softens and takes the shape of the molding surface. The molding surface may be adjusted to achieve different shapes for glass or metal sheets or panels.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus provide for: conveying a glass web from a source toward a destination in a transport direction; scoring the glass web in a width direction thereof to produce a score line having a plurality of separated score segments, thereby defining a section of the glass web between the score line and a leading edge of the glass web; supporting the glass web such that an increasing portion of the section of the glass web becomes cantilevered as the glass web is conveyed such that the portion of the section of the glass web is sufficiently large to generate stress in the respective score segments and drive respective cracks through the thickness of the glass web; and permitting the section of the glass web to separate from the glass web along the score line.

Abstract: A method for separating a thin glass, in which method the thin glass is progressively heated along a path which forms a parting line, wherein the heating of the glass is realized by way of the energy of at least one energy source within an area of action of the energy source on the thin glass, and, by way of a temperature gradient of the glass heated by way of the at least one energy source in relation to the surrounding glass, a mechanical stress is generated in the glass, by way of which mechanical stress, a crack propagates, following the mechanical stress, along the parting line.

Abstract: An optical fiber base material manufacturing apparatus including a reaction chamber; a burner that has a portion thereof inserted into the reaction chamber through an insertion opening that creates a connection between the inside and outside of the reaction chamber, and emits a flame toward a starting member positioned within the reaction chamber; and a seal connection member that creates an air-tight seal between the burner and the reaction chamber at the insertion opening. One end of the seal connection member firmly contacts the burner inserted therethrough, another end of the seal connection member firmly contacts the reaction chamber and has a through-hole formed therein through which the burner is inserted without contacting the seal connection member, and the seal connection member includes a connecting portion that connects the one end to the other end, while preventing transfer of stress between the one end and the other end.

Abstract: A method for producing rare earth metal-doped quartz glass includes the steps of (a) providing a blank of the rare earth metal-doped quartz glass, and (b) homogenizing the blank by softening the blank zone by zone in a heating zone and by twisting the softened zone along a rotation axis. Some rare earth metals, however, show a discoloration of the quartz glass, which hints at an unforeseeable and undesired change in the chemical composition or possibly at an inhomogeneous distribution of the dopants. To avoid this drawback and to provide a modified method which ensures the production of rare earth metal-doped quartz glass with reproducible properties, during homogenization according to method step (b), the blank is softened under the action of an oxidizingly acting or a neutral plasma.

Abstract: The invention provides an optical glass having excellent precision molding performance and having a refractive index of 1.46-1.53 and an Abbe number of 77-84. The optical glass comprises the following components based on cations in the molar percentage: P5+: 10-35%, Al3+: 10-35%, Ba2+: 1-20%, Sr2+: 10-35%, Ca2+: 1-20%, Gd3+: 0-10%, and Na+: 0-10%; the ratio of Sr2+/(Gd3++Na+) being 1-30; anions comprising F? and O2?, wherein the ratio F?/P5+ of F? content relative to the total molar percentage of anions to P5+ content relative to the total molar percentage of cations is 2.5 or more. The invention by rationally adjusting the proportions of the components, the molding performance of the optical glass is improved, and the problem that glass is broken and forms fogs during the molding process is solved, thereby the yield in manufacturing optical elements is improved.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are glass-ceramics having crystalline phases including ?-spodumene ss and either (i) pseudobrookite or (ii) vanadium or vanadium containing compounds so as to be colored and opaque glass-ceramics having coordinates, determined from total reflectance—specular included—measurements, in the CIELAB color space of the following ranges: L*=from about 20 to about 45; a*=from about ?2 to about +2; and b*=from about ?12 to about +1. Such CIELAB color space coordinates can be substantially uniform throughout the glass-ceramics. In each of the proceeding, ?-quartz ss can be substantially absent from the crystalline phases. If present, ?-quartz ss can be less than about 20 wt % or, alternatively, less than about 15 wt % of the crystalline phases. Also Further crystalline phases might include spinel ss (e.g., hercynite and/or gahnite-hercynite ss), rutile, magnesium zinc phosphate, or spinel ss (e.g., hercynite and/or gahnite-hercynite ss) and rutile.

Abstract: An apparatus for producing anti-glare surfaces includes an etching cream dipping tank and a sub-tank arranged to receive a slurry of etching cream. A pumping unit is fluidly coupled to the etching cream dipping tank and the sub-tank such that the pumping unit is operable to selectively self-circulate the slurry of etching cream in the sub-tank to improve homogeneity of the etching cream and transfer a volume of the homogenized etching cream from the sub-tank to the etching cream dipping tank.

Abstract: A scratch-resistant glass substrate is prepared by forming a hard, scratch-resistant layer over a major surface of the substrate. The layer is formed from an inorganic material such as a metal oxide, metal nitride, metal carbide, or metal boride using, for example, physical vapor deposition such as reactive or non-reactive sputtering at a process temperature of less than 500° C. The inorganic layer is resistant to micro-ductile scratching, which can safeguard the visible appearance of the glass substrate in use. The glass substrate can include chemically-strengthened glass.

Abstract: Provided are methods of forming stacks comprising a substrate and one or more sol-gel layers disposed on the substrate. Also provided are stacks formed by these methods. The sol-gel layers in these stacks, especially outer layers, may have a porosity of less than 1% or even less than 0.5%. In some embodiments, these layers may have a surface roughness (Ra) of less than 1 nanometers. The sol-gel layers may be formed using radiative curing and/or thermal curing at temperatures of between 400° C. and 700° C. or higher. These temperatures allow application of sol-gel layers on new types of substrates. A sol-gel solution, used to form these layers, may have colloidal nanoparticles with a size of less than 20 Angstroms on average. This small size and narrow size distribution is believed to control the porosity of the resulting sol-gel layers.

Abstract: A window has an ion exchange substrate with a top surface. To improve robustness, the top surface has a polycrystalline aluminum oxide film formed from a plurality of crystals. At least 95% of the plurality of crystals in the aluminum oxide film has a largest dimension of no greater than about 10 nanometers. In addition, both the ion exchange substrate and aluminum oxide film are transparent or translucent.

Abstract: A window has an ion exchange substrate with a top surface. To improve robustness, the top surface has a polycrystalline aluminum oxide film formed from a plurality of crystals. At least 95% of the plurality of crystals in the aluminum oxide film has a largest dimension of no greater than about 10 nanometers. In addition, both the ion exchange substrate and aluminum oxide film are transparent or translucent.

Abstract: A material includes a transparent substrate coated with a stack of thin layers acting on infrared radiation including at least one functional layer. The stack includes a carbon-based upper protective layer within which the carbon atoms are essentially in an sp2 hybridization state and the upper protective layer is deposited above at least a part of the functional layer and exhibits a thickness of less than 1 nm.

Abstract: In embodiments, a conveyor apparatus can include a conveyor ribbon having a length, a width, a thickness less than the width, and a plurality of receiving apertures located along the length and extending through the thickness of the conveyor ribbon. The plurality of receiving apertures are dimensioned to receive and hold a plurality of glass articles. A conveyor drive and guidance system directs the conveyor ribbon along a predefined conveyor path. The predefined conveyor path can include an immersion section and a drain section. The immersion section can be oriented to direct the conveyor ribbon into and out of an immersion station and the conveyor ribbon is rotated about a horizontal axis in the drain section after being directed out of the immersion station.

Abstract: An antimicrobial chemically strengthened glass and a method for manufacturing the antimicrobial glass article. The antimicrobial chemically strengthened glass is suitable for use as high-strength cover glass for touch displays.

Abstract: A roof tile containing fibers which satisfy the following requirements (1) to (3): (1) to have an average fiber diameter of 50 ?m or less; (2) to have an aspect ratio of 50 to 2000; and (3) to have three or less buckled portions per fiber.

Abstract: The present invention provides comb polymer compositions comprising phosphorus acid group containing backbone polymers of six-membered cyclic methacrylic imide having one or more side chain ether group containing N-substituent chosen from an ether group, a polyether group, an etheramine group, a polyetheramine group, an ether group crosslinking the backbone polymer chains, and a polyether group crosslinking the backbone polymer chains. The backbone polymers comprise from 60 to 100 wt. %, based on the total weight of monomers used to make the backbone polymer, of methacrylic acid polymerized units, regardless of their form, and from 7.5 to 95 wt. % of such polymerized units as methacrylic anhydride groups or six-membered cyclic methacrylic imide groups.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a reinforced building block made of autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) comprising rebars formed essentially from A) at least one fibrous carrier and B) and a hardened composition formed from B1) at least one epoxy compound and B2) at least one diamine and/or polyamine in a stoichiometric ratio of the epoxy compound B1) to the diamine and/or polyamine component B2) of 0.

Abstract: A reactive resin composition is described, with a resin component, which contains a radical-polymerizable compound, and an initiator system, which contains an ?-halocarboxylic acid and a catalyst system, which comprises a nitrogen-containing ligand and Cu(0) or an inorganic Cu(I) compound, as is the use of the same for construction purposes.

Abstract: The present invention provides for a compressible grout mix for filling an annular gap between a tunnel rock wall surface and a tunnel liner of a tunnel in a rock formation subject to time dependent deformation after excavation and a method of filling the annular gap between a tunnel rock wall surface and a tunnel liner of a tunnel in a rock formation subject to time dependent deformation after excavation utilizing the compressible grout mix for resilient absorption of forces in the hardened state of the compressible grout mix exerted by the time dependent deformation of the rock wall surface into the tunnel opening. The method includes: a. providing the compressible grout mix comprising hydraulic binding agent, bentonite clay, polymer foam particles, water-reducing admixture, water and air, b. placing the compressible grout mix in the annular gap between the tunnel wall rock surface and the tunnel liner, and c.

Abstract: A cementitious blend composition and a concrete mix composition preferable for making concrete resistant to high temperatures and alkaline conditions, particularly for making durable concrete for constructing an alumina digester tank in an aluminum smelter. The cementitious blend composition includes at least one hydraulic cement, silica fume (SF), and natural pozzolan (NP), wherein a weight percent ratio of at least one hydraulic cement: SF:NP in the cementitious blend composition lies in the range of (24-63): (5-44): (32-40) with the sum of the weight percentages of the at least one hydraulic cement, the SF, and the NP not exceeding 100%. The concrete mix composition comprises water and the cementitious blend composition, wherein a weight ratio of the water the cementitious blend composition is 0.2-0.5, and wherein the concrete mix composition has a content of the cementitious blend composition of 400-550 kg/m3.

Abstract: The invention is directed towards a process for complete conversion of multiple industrial wastes to sustainable alternatives and usable products resulting in water in-soluble product alike chemical gypsum useful for cement manufacturing used in construction industry. The inventor has utilized industrial wastes from multiple industries together taking into consideration their chemical and physical properties without using any form of energy. The whole process is carried out at ambient temperature under open sky. In described two exemplary processes, the inventor has disclosed process comprising the steps of mechanically mixing metallurgical inert waste of aged dry Jarofix containing crystallized Gypsum with freshly generated Jarosite or dry/wet Red Mud followed by addition of adequate acidic concentration waste water, calcitic wastes, pozzolanic property enhancers & lime treatment. The multiple wastes mix crystallized chemical gypsum mass on drying is used as a whole without any leftover.

Abstract: Compositions and a method for making self consolidating grouts containing fly ash, ground granulated blast slag, and lime are described. No polymeric admixtures are utilized, and the 28 day cure strength of the cured gouts exceeds the minimum ASTM standards. The uncured grout exhibits slump flows between 24 and 30? without visible segregation of the components.

Abstract: A vermiculite core for a vehicle may include vermiculite and pearlstone, an aluminum component for the vehicle may be manufactured using the vermiculite core including the vermiculite and the pearlstone, and a method for manufacturing the vermiculite core for the vehicle may include mixing the vermiculite and the pearlstone, injecting a mixture of the vermiculite and the pearlstone into a mold, and pressing the mixture using a presser.

Abstract: A method of treating a ceramic body in a glass making process includes delivering a molten glass to a heated ceramic body, the ceramic body including a ceramic phase and an intergranular glass phase, the molten glass being in contact with a surface of the ceramic body. The method further includes contacting the ceramic body with a first electrode and contacting the molten glass with a second electrode. The method further includes applying an electric field between the first electrode and the second electrode to create an electric potential difference across the ceramic body between the first and second electrodes, the electric potential difference being less than an electrolysis threshold of the ceramic phase and the intergranular glass phase. The intergranular glass phase demixes under driven diffusion in the applied electric field and mobile cations in the intergranular glass phase enrich proximate one of the first and second electrode.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for fabricating a ceramic material from a preceramic polymer material. The method includes providing a preceramic polymer material that has a preceramic polymer and an electromagnetic radiation-responsive component. The electromagnetic radiation-responsive component is selected from cobalt, titanium, zirconium, hafnium, tantalum, tungsten, rhenium, and combinations thereof. An electromagnetic radiation is applied to the preceramic polymer material. The electromagnetic radiation interacts with the electromagnetic radiation-responsive component to generate heat that converts the preceramic polymer to a ceramic material.

Abstract: A method of forming silicon carbide by spark plasma sintering comprises loading a powder comprising silicon carbide into a die and exposing the powder to a pulsed current to heat the powder at a rate of between about 50° C./min and about 200° C./min to a peak temperature while applying a pressure to the powder. The powder is exposed to the peak temperature for between about 30 seconds and about 5 minutes to form a sintered silicon carbide material and the sintered silicon carbide material is cooled. Related structures and methods are disclosed.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a fiber preform filled with refractory ceramic particles, includes placing a fiber texture including refractory ceramic fibers in a mold cavity; injecting a slip including a powder of refractory ceramic particles present in a liquid medium, the slip being injected into the pores of the fiber texture present in the mold cavity, injection being performed through at least a first face or a first edge of the fiber texture; and draining the liquid medium of the slip that has penetrated into the fiber texture through the porous material part, the draining being performed at least through a second face or a second edge of the fiber texture different from the first face or the first edge, the porous material part also serving to retain the refractory particle powder in the pores of the fiber texture to obtain a fiber preform filled with refractory particles.

Abstract: A traceable cement mixture includes a volume of cementitious material, a plurality of taggants disposed within the volume of cementitious material according to a taggant mix ratio that is specified based on a quality of the cementitious material, and a volume of an additional material mixed with the volume of cementitious material according an additional material mix ratio.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a drying apparatus for drying a substance, in particular for drying poultry manure, comprising a drying unit with a conveyor, a dry substance sensor and an ammonia sensor.

Abstract: A composition comprising: (A) a mixture comprising at least one (thio)phosphoric acid triamide according to the general formula (I) R1R2N—P(X)(NH2)2, wherein X is oxygen or sulfur; R1 is a C1 to C20 alkyl, C3 to C20 cycloalkyl, C6 to C20 aryl, or dialkylaminocarbonyl group; R2 is H, or R1 and R2 together with the nitrogen atom linking them define a 5- or 6-membered saturated or unsaturated heterocyclic radical, which optionally comprises 1 or 2 further heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, and (L1) at least one amine selected from the group consisting of (L10), (L11), (L12), (L13), (L14), (L15), (L16), (L17), (L18), (L19), (L20), (L21), (L22), (L23), (L24), and (L29).

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an improved nitrification inhibitor composition and its use in agricultural applications.

Abstract: Employing non-energetic MCPs as hosts (fuel) for the adsorption of oxidant molecules enables the intimate and molecular scale mixing of fuel and oxidizer on a level that is not commonly achievable in traditional energetic mixtures. The adsorption of the oxidants into MOF-5 resulted in increased heat released upon decomposition, which shows potential for utilization of this method as a platform to develop high-performance primary energetic materials.

Abstract: O-Chlorobenzylidene malononitrile (CS) based self-combustible pyrotechnic compositions containing polycarbonate (PC) as a binder and 9,10-anthraquinone as a smoke component capable of producing tear gas smoke upon ignition. The pyrotechnic composition comprises an oxidizer and fuel.

Abstract: Processes and apparatuses for the production of propylene are provided. In an embodiment, a process is provided for production of propylene from an oxygenate feed comprising passing the oxygenate feed to an oxygenate-to-olefin reactor to contact the oxygenate feed with a catalyst to provide an effluent stream comprising olefins comprising ethylene, propylene and butylene. The effluent stream is separated in a product separation zone to generate a propylene product stream, an ethylene stream and a C4+ stream. The ethylene stream is reacted in an ethylene dimerization or oligomerization reactor in presence of a dimerization or oligomerization catalyst to provide a first process stream. The C4+ stream and the first process stream are cracked in a cracking reactor under cracking conditions to provide a cracked stream comprising additional amounts of ethylene and propylene. Finally, the cracked stream is passed to the product separation zone to recover additional amounts of propylene.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a catalytic process for producing higher olefins including three- to four-carbon olefins from ethene sources by producing an ethene-containing stream from an ethene source, and subjecting the ethene-containing stream to a catalytic oligomerization process. In this catalytic process, the catalytic oligomerization process comprises exposing the ethene-containing stream in contact with a catalyst including a mixture of a zeolite material and a zeotype material.

Abstract: Methods of preparing oligomers of an olefin are provided. The methods can include providing an alkylaluminum compound and irradiating the alkylaluminum compound with microwave radiation to provide an irradiated alkylaluminum compound. The methods can further include mixing the irradiated alkylaluminum compound with a chromium compound, a pyrrole compound, and a zinc compound to provide a catalyst composition. The methods can further include contacting an olefin with the composition to form oligomers of the olefin. The olefin can include ethylene, and the oligomers of the olefin can include 1-hexene.

Abstract: In a process for the catalytic alkylation of an olefin with an isoparaffin, an olefin-containing feed is contacted with an isoparaffin-containing feed under alkylation conditions in the presence of a solid acid catalyst comprising a crystalline microporous material of the MWW framework types, wherein the olefin-containing feed consists essentially of pentenes.

Abstract: A process for the catalytic alkylation of an olefin with an isoparaffin comprises: contacting an olefin-containing feed with an isoparaffin-containing feed under alkylation conditions in the presence of a solid acid catalyst comprising a crystalline microporous material of the MWW framework type, wherein the olefin-containing feed comprises propylene and at least one other C4 to C12 olefin.

Abstract: A process for the catalytic alkylation of an olefin with an isoparaffin comprises contacting an olefin-containing feed with an isoparaffin-containing feed under alkylation conditions in a reaction zone containing a fixed bed of a solid acid catalyst comprising a crystalline microporous material of the MWW framework type, wherein the reaction zone contains at least 100 kg of the catalyst and the catalyst has a cycle length of at least 150 days.

Abstract: A process for the catalytic alkylation of an olefin with an isoparaffin is described in which a feed comprising at least one olefin and at least one isoparaffin is contacted with a solid acid catalyst under alkylation conditions effective for reaction between the olefin and the isoparaffin to produce an alkylated product. The solid acid catalyst comprises a crystalline microporous material of the MWW framework type, the feed comprises at least one C5+ olefin and/or at least one C5+ isoparaffin and the alkylated product comprises at least 20% wt % of C10+ branched paraffins.

Abstract: In a process for isoparaffin-olefin alkylation, a feed comprising at least one olefin and at least one isoparaffin is contacted under alkylation conditions in the presence of a solid acid catalyst comprising a crystalline microporous material of the MWW framework type to produce an alkylated product. The alkylated product comprises a C8? fraction, which is useful as a gasoline blending stock, and a C9+ fraction, which is separated from the alkylated product and at least partially recycled to the alkylation step.

Abstract: Embodiments of methods for converting gas condensate into a product stream comprising propylene comprise feeding gas condensate at a top region of a downflow high severity fluidized catalytic cracking reactor (HSFCC), where the gas condensate comprises: at least 50% by weight paraffins, and less than 0.1% by weight olefins. The method further comprises feeding catalyst to the top region of the downflow HSFCC reactor in an amount characterized by a catalyst to gas condensate weight ratio of about 5:1 to about 40:1, where the catalyst comprises nano-ZSM-5 zeolite catalyst having an average particle diameter from 0.01 to 0.2 ?m, a Si/Al molar ratio from 20 to 40, and a surface area of at least 20 cm2/g. The method further comprises cracking the gas condensate in the presence of the catalyst at a reaction temperature of about 500° C. to about 700° C. to produce the product stream comprising propylene.