Abstract: A method and dispensing apparatus for dispensing one or more liquids from a liquid storage container operably connected to the dispensing apparatus. The one or more liquids may include cold water, cold carbonated water, hot water and/or ambient temperature water. The dispensing apparatus preferably is a self-contained dispensing apparatus, i.e., a dispensing apparatus having its own source of liquid. The dispensing apparatus further preferably includes a housing storing a first cooled liquid reservoir and a second cooled liquid reservoir. The first cooled liquid reservoir preferably stores cold water and the second cooled liquid reservoir preferably stores cold carbonated water. A thermal link preferably connects the first cooled liquid reservoir and the second cooled liquid reservoir to cause thermal energy to be transferred between the first cooled liquid reservoir and the second cooled liquid reservoir.

Abstract: Provided is a connector including a plug and a socket. The socket includes: a socket body in which a second liquid outflow passage and a second liquid inflow passage are formed; a ball lock mechanism that is attached to the socket body and fixes the socket body to a key ring; and a switching mechanism that switches an open state and a closed state of a rotary valve. The switching mechanism includes an opening/closing arm that regulates releasing of the fixation of the socket body to the key ring by the ball lock mechanism in the open state.

Abstract: An overflow prevention dispensing container comprising a portable container having at least one handle means, a nozzle, at least one air vent, at least one liquid fill aperture, and fill aperture cover; a dispensing handle having a valve mechanism; and at least one release; an automatic shutoff sensing means for sensing the level of fluid in a receiving tank and stopping the flow of liquid into the receiving tank when it is full, whereby the container is placed in a position to dispense liquid to the receiving tank, the operator activates the dispensing handle allowing liquid to freely flow into the receiving tank until the apparatus senses the level of the liquid in the receiving tank to be desired level at which time the flow will automatically be stopped.

Abstract: A saddle includes a tree having a rider-facing side and a horse-facing side, a seat cover adapted for detachable installation on the rider-facing side of the tree and an insert adapted for installation between the tree and the seat cover. Conveniently, the insert may adapt the saddle for riders of distinct size and shape and accommodate for physical differences between male and female riders. Furthermore, a connection panel secured to the horse-facing side of the tree may allow for releasably secured panel padding elements that customize the horse-facing side of the tree to a particular horse. Adjustable stirrup bars provide even further flexibility of customization.

Abstract: A cushioning network structure comprising a plurality of random loops arranged in a three-dimensional orientation, wherein the plurality of random loops are formed from an ethylene/a-olefin interpolymer composition having a highest DSC temperature melting peak in the range of from 90.0° C. to 115.0° C.; a zero shear viscosity ratio (ZSVR) in the range from 1.40 to 2.10; a density in the range of from 0.860 to 0.925 g/cc, a melt index (12) in a range of from 1 to 25 g/10 minutes when measured according to ASTM D1238 at 190° C. and 2.16 kg, a molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn) in the range of from 2.0 to 4.5.

Abstract: An electrostatic actuator includes a base, a movable electrode including a semiconductor and supported to the base to be displaceable in a first direction, and a fixed electrode including the semiconductor and fixed to the base, in which the fixed electrode faces the movable electrode in a state of being separated therefrom in the first direction. The electrostatic actuator includes a high-resistance region formed in at least a portion of each of respective facing surfaces of the movable electrode and the fixed electrode, and lower in impurity concentration than a surrounding region thereof.

Abstract: A capacitive microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) sensor is provided, having conductive coatings on opposing surfaces of capacitive structures. The capacitive structures may be formed of silicon, and the conductive coating is formed of tungsten in some embodiments. The structure is formed in some embodiments by first releasing the silicon structures and then selectively coating them in the conductive material. In some embodiments, the coating may result in encapsulating the capacitive structures.

Abstract: A microelectromechanical system (MEMS) sensor device includes a package housing having a top member, bottom member, and a spacer coupled the top member to the bottom member, defining a cavity. At least one sensor circuit and a MEMS sensor disposed within the cavity of the package housing. A first opening formed on the package housing a control device embedded within the package housing is electrically coupled to the sensor circuit and is controlled to tune the MEMS sensor from a directional mode to an omni-directional mode.

Abstract: Embodiments provide a MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical System) pressure sensor comprising a semiconductor substrate, wherein the semiconductor substrate comprises a stress decoupling structure adapted to stress decouple a first portion of the semiconductor substrate from a second portion of the semiconductor substrate, wherein the first portion of the semiconductor substrate comprises a first buried empty space, wherein the second portion of the semiconductor substrate comprises a second buried empty space, and wherein the semiconductor substrate comprises a pressure channel fluidically connecting the first buried empty space and the second buried empty space.

Abstract: A one or multi-die module comprises multiple dies. The module includes at least one die with a sensor having a sensing region, an encapsulation layer covering top sides of the multiple dies, and a redistribution layer covering bottom sides of the multiple dies except for the sensing region. In embodiments, a cap is formed over the sensing region, which has at least a portion that is spaced away from a bottom side of the module. Metal connectors, such as solder balls, are formed on the redistribution layer to provide connection points to the module. A height of the cap from the bottom side of the module should be less than a height of the metal connectors. This approach can be used to incorporate environmental sensor dies into multi-die modules. It utilizes RDL and openings in the RDL in order to provide robust packaging for the dies, while also allowing the sensor dies to be selectively exposed to the environment.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a semiconductor structure for a MEMS device. In some embodiments, the structure includes an interlayer dielectric (ILD) region positioned over a substrate. Further the structure includes an inter-metal dielectric region. The IMD region includes a passivation layer overlying a stacked structure. The stacked structure includes dielectric layers and etch stop layers that are stacked in an alternating fashion. Metal wire layers are disposed within the stacked structure of the IMD region. The structure also includes a sensing electrode electrically connected to the IMD region with an electrode extension via. The structure includes a MEMS substrate comprising a MEMS device having a soft mechanical structure positioned adjacent to the sensing electrode.

Abstract: A microelectromechanical device having a first substrate of semiconductor material and a second substrate of semiconductor material having a bonding recess delimited by projecting portions, monolithic therewith. The bonding recess forms a closed cavity with the first substrate. A bonding structure is arranged within the closed cavity and is bonded to the first and second substrates. A microelectromechanical structure is formed in a substrate chosen between the first and second substrates. The device is manufactured by forming the bonding recess in a first wafer; depositing a bonding mass in the bonding recess, the bonding mass having a greater depth than the bonding recess; and bonding the two wafers.

Abstract: A system for generating hydrogen includes a vessel having a first chamber that is separated from a second chamber by a barrier. A trigger assembly integrated with the barrier allows a liquid to be combined with a reactant and a catalyst in the second chamber to form a chemical reaction to generate hydrogen gas. A pressure relief valve located on the vessel opens to allow the hydrogen gas to exit when a predetermined pressure is reached.

Abstract: Methods and systems for converting methane to syngas are provided. Certain exemplary methods and systems involve reacting methane and carbon dioxide with a nickel oxide catalyst in a reaction chamber, thereby providing syngas and a reduced nickel species. The reduced nickel species can be regenerated by oxidation with air in a regeneration chamber, thereby generating a regenerated nickel oxide and heat. The regenerated nickel oxide and heat can be returned to the reaction chamber to drive the syngas reaction.

Abstract: A novel process for synthesis gas generation comprises treating a hydrocarbon feed in a primary reformer (PR), compressing at least part of the flue gas from the primary reformer in a compressor (C1), and feeding the compressed flue gas to a secondary reformer (SR) together with the primary reformer effluent. In the process, enriched air (EA) is added either to the primary reformer, to the secondary reformer or both. The process is especially suited for co-production of ammonia and methanol or for production of either ammonia or methanol. The total CO2 emission is lowered considerably by using the process of the invention.

Abstract: The present invention describes a process for steam reforming natural gas, comprising a steam reforming exchanger-reactor (3000), a reactor for converting CO to CO2 (3100), and a PSA hydrogen purification unit (4300), with a view to producing a synthesis gas in which the heat necessary for the steam reforming reaction is supplied by a first combustion chamber (3100) connected to a second combustion chamber (3200) generating fumes in order to produce a very high degree of thermal integration.

Abstract: Polycrystalline cubic boron nitride compact include a body having sintered microcrystalline cubic boron nitride in a matrix of binder material. The microcrystalline cubic boron nitride particles have a size ranging from 2 microns to 50 microns. The particles of microcrystalline cubic boron nitride include a plurality of sub-grains, each sub-grain having a size ranging from 0.1 micron to 2 microns. The compacts are manufactured in a high pressure—high temperature (HPHT) sintering process. The compacts exhibit intergranular defect formation following introduction of wear. The sub-grains promote crack propagation based on micro-chipping rather than on a cleavage mechanism and, in sintered bodies, cracks propagate intergranularly rather than intragranularly, resulting in increased toughness and improved wear characteristics as compared to monocrystalline cubic boron nitride. The compacts are suitable for use as abrasive tools.

Abstract: A method and chemical delivery system and device are provided. One method includes contacting a non-aqueous hydrazine solution with a carrier gas and/or vacuum and delivering a gas stream comprising hydrazine to a critical process or application. One chemical delivery system and device includes a non-aqueous hydrazine solution having a vapor phase that is in contact with a carrier gas and/or vacuum. One device includes a chamber for containing a liquid comprising at least one volatile process chemical, such as a non-aqueous hydrazine solution, a hydrogen peroxide solution, or another suitable process chemical, and a head space from which the volatile can be drawn using a carrier gas and/or vacuum. Another method useful in the present invention involves drawing a process chemical from a device as a disclosed herein using a carrier or vacuum and delivering the process chemical to a critical process or application.

Abstract: Various systems, devices, NO2 absorbents, NO2 scavengers and NO2 recuperator for generating nitric oxide are disclosed herein. According to one embodiment, an apparatus for converting nitrogen dioxide to nitric oxide can include a receptacle including an inlet, an outlet, a surface-active material coated with an aqueous solution of ascorbic acid and an absorbent wherein the inlet is configured to receive a gas flow and fluidly communicate the gas flow to the outlet through the surface-active material and the absorbent such that nitrogen dioxide in the gas flow is converted to nitric oxide.

Abstract: A preparation method of battery composite material includes steps of providing a manganese-contained compound, phosphoric acid, a lithium-contained compound, a carbon source, and deionized water; processing a reaction of the manganese-contained compound, the phosphoric acid, and a portion of the deionized water to produce a first product; placing the first product at a first temperature for at least a first time period to produce a first precursor, wherein the chemical formula of the first precursor is written by Mn5(HPO4)2(PO4)2(H2O)4; and processing a reaction of at least the first precursor, the lithium-contained compound, and another portion of the deionized water, adding the carbon source, and then calcining to produce battery composite material. Therefore, the preparation time is shortened, the energy consuming is reduced, the phase forming of the precursor is more stable, and the advantages of reducing the cost of preparation and enhancing the quality of products are achieved.

Abstract: Provided are a CNT forest having favorable spinning properties, and as a method for producing such a CNT forest, a production method in which CNT forest 45 is formed by applying, as deposition base surface 44, a surface including at least one part of inner surface 43 in opening substrate 40 having interior space 42 communicating with an outside through open portion 41, and CNT forest 45 has spinnable portion 47 at end 46 on a side of open portion 41.

Abstract: A carbon nanotube film includes an assembly of a plurality of carbon nanotubes, wherein the plurality of carbon nanotubes includes one or more carbon nanotubes having at least partially collapsed structures. A method for producing a carbon nanotube film includes forming a carbon nanotube film by removing a solvent from a carbon nanotube dispersion liquid containing the solvent, a dispersant, and a plurality of carbon nanotubes including one or more carbon nanotubes having at least partially collapsed structures.

Abstract: Provided is a method of producing isolated graphene sheets from a supply of coke or coal powder containing therein domains of hexagonal carbon atoms and/or hexagonal carbon atomic interlayers. The method comprises: (a) dispersing particles of the coke or coal powder in a liquid medium containing therein an optional surfactant or dispersing agent to produce a suspension or slurry, wherein the coke or coal powder is selected from petroleum coke, coal-derived coke, meso-phase coke, synthetic coke, leonardite, anthracite, lignite coal, bituminous coal, or natural coal mineral powder, or a combination thereof; and (b) exposing the suspension or slurry to ultrasonication at an energy level for a sufficient length of time to produce the isolated graphene sheets.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention are directed to systems and methods for purifying graphite particles. Graphite flakes can be milled, and then separated into groups with different nominal sizes. The different groups of particles are purified according to optimized purification processes. Groups of purified particles with narrow size distributions are created using embodiments of the invention.

Abstract: Photoreduction of graphene oxide, by UV-generated ketyl radicals, to graphene. The photoreduction is versatile and can be carried out in solution, solid-state, and even in polymer composites. Reduction of graphene oxide can take place in various polymer matrixes. Methods for producing graphene-supported metal nanoparticles by photoreduction. Graphene oxide and a metal nanoparticle precursor are simultaneously reduced by the action of photogenerated ketyl radicals. Photoreduction is performed on polymer composite films in one embodiment.

Abstract: Provided herein are carbon-based oxide (CBO) materials and reduced carbon-based oxide (rCBO) materials, fabrication processes, and devices with improved performance and a high throughput. In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides materials and methods for synthesizing CBO and rCBO materials. Such methods avoid the shortcomings of current synthesizing methods to facilitate facile, high-throughput production of CBO and rCBO materials.

Abstract: An activated carbon regeneration method of the present invention is for eluting gold from activated carbon on which the gold has been adsorbed and thereafter recycling, in adsorption of the gold, the used activated carbon from which the gold has been eluted, the method including: washing the used activated carbon with an acidic washing liquid, alkaline washing liquid or neutral washing liquid; and when the used activated carbon is washed with the acidic washing liquid, keeping the acidic washing liquid after the washing in an acidic region, or when the used activated carbon is washed with the alkaline washing liquid or neutral washing liquid, keeping the alkaline washing liquid or neutral washing liquid after the washing in an alkaline region or neutral region.

Abstract: In order to produce high-purity trichlorosilane by removing methyldichlorosilane from a mixture (S) containing methyldichlorosilane (CH3HSiCl2), tetrachlorosilane (SiCl4), and trichlorosilane (HSiCl3) in the method for producing trichlorosilane of the present invention, a procedure is employed in which chlorine atoms are redistributed between methyldichlorosilane and tetrachlorosilane through catalytic treatment for conversion into trichlorosilane and methyltrichlorosilane (CH3SiCl3). Methyldichlorosilane (boiling point: 41° C.) having a boiling point close to that of trichlorosilane (boiling point: 32° C.) to be purified is converted into methyltrichlorosilane (boiling point: 66° C.) having a higher boiling point through redistribution of chlorine atoms between methyldichlorosilane and tetrachlorosilane, achieving easy removal of impurities.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of preparing a high hydrophobic silica aerogel having a low tap density and a hydrophobic silica aerogel prepared thereby. The method of preparing a hydrophobic silica aerogel according to the present invention may have good productivity and economic efficiency, because preparation time is reduced by simultaneously performing surface modification and solvent substitution in a single step, and may control a degree of hydrophobicity of the prepared silica aerogel by controlling a surface modification reaction by including a step of adding ammonium hydroxide. Thus, a hydrophobic silica aerogel having excellent physical properties, such as tap density and specific surface area, as well as high hydrophobicity obtained by controlling the degree of hydrophobicity may be prepared.

Abstract: Methods of controlling crystal polymorphism in organic-free synthesis of Na-Zeolites and the zeolite crystals formed using those methods are provided. The methods disclosed herein create certain types of zeolite crystals more efficiently than other previously known methods. The methods also create certain types of zeolite crystals in a form and concentration not previously disclosed. The methods disclosed herein generally comprise using solutions with varying ratios of silicon (Si), aluminum (Al), hydroxide (OH), and water. Some implementations of the invention disclosed include efficient methods of producing nearly pure cancrinite (CAN), methods of obtaining sodalite in solutions with a high Si/Al ratio, and a method of forming thin, platelet-like ANA crystals with a width of less than about 1 ?m and a length of at least about 3 ?m.

Abstract: Processes for producing beryllium fluoride salt systems containing beryllium fluoride, such as lithium beryllium fluoride salts, are disclosed herein. The processes include mixing ammonium beryllium fluoride with a lithium compound, melting the mixture to form a molten phase, purging the molten phase, and cooling the molten phase. This reduces the number of manufacturing steps needed to obtain the beryllium fluoride containing salt.

Abstract: A process for converting natural calcium carbonate into precipitated calcium carbonate, involving treating the natural calcium carbonate with a sulfate to produce a gypsum and reacting the gypsum with at least one carbonate source to produce precipitated calcium carbonate. The crystalline polymorph, particle size, and various other characteristics of the precipitated calcium carbonate are controlled by varying conditions during the reacting. Since the natural calcium carbonate is not calcined, the process relates to a low energy method of producing precipitated calcium carbonate of controlled polymorph and particle size with limestone, marble, or chalk as the calcium source.

Abstract: A system for creating targeted vanadium oxide (VO2) nanoparticle compositions comprising a stock reaction mixture that is a fluid combination of at least one vanadium source combined with at least one dopant source. Each dopant source contains at least one target dopant element. The ratio of the number of vanadium atoms in the vanadium source to the number of target dopant element atoms in the dopant source is less than or equal to 10:1. A solvent that is compatible with said stock reaction mixture is selected. A pressure regulator increases the pressure of the solvent and the stock reaction mixture to between 0 and 5,000 psi. A heating element increases the temperature of the solvent to between 50 and 500° C. A mixing unit receives and mixes a continuous flow of stock reaction mixture with solvent to heat the stock reaction mixture and initiate formation of the targeted vanadium oxide (VO2) nanoparticle composition.

Abstract: Processing contaminated water containing volatile or/and semi-volatile compounds via flash evaporation. Method and system include: superheating contaminated water (via a superheating unit), for forming superheated contaminated water having a temperature equal to or higher than a predetermined threshold temperature; flash evaporating the superheated contaminated water (via a flash evaporation unit), for forming superheated contaminated steam; and thermally oxidizing the superheated contaminated steam (via a thermal oxidation unit), so as to thermally oxidize the volatile compounds contained therein, and form thermal oxidation gas/vapor products. Optionally, further includes integrated configuration and operation of a process control/data-information processing unit, and a heat recycling unit. Results in obtaining high yields and high energy efficiencies for removal of volatile compounds from contaminated water.

Abstract: A system for processing saltwater or brackish water while recovering energy otherwise wasted in electricity generation by a natural gas generator or turbine. Heat in the generator exhaust is used to directly heat and process the water in the saltwater or brackish water into high quality steam, separating the majority of salt and contaminants from the water, and leaving potable water that can be permitted and released to the environment or sold for agricultural or industrial use such as oilfield activities. The system also captures and liquefies CO2 in the generator exhaust.

Abstract: The present invention includes a composition, method of making and method of using a composite for the removal of waste from a wastewater or a waste stream wherein the composite comprises of graphene oxide and magnesium oxide nanoparticles at a ratio of 10:1 to 1:10 weight to weight.

Abstract: The present invention provides a water purifying device that may include: an upper cover that is configured to have an inlet for liquid; two or more light source modules that are configured to include a light source that emits a UV ray; two or more light guide plates that are configured to guide, to the front, the UV ray that is incident through the lateral side thereof from the light source module to then be output; a purifying plate that is configured to provide a flow path through which liquid flows, and that is configured to provide a plate-type photocatalyst that is disposed on the flow path so that the UV ray emitted from the light guide plate reaches the plate-type photocatalyst in order to thereby purify the liquid; and a lower cover that is configured to have an outlet for the liquid.

Abstract: A solution for disinfecting a fluid, colloid, mixture, and/or the like using ultraviolet radiation is provided. An ultraviolet transparent enclosure can include an inlet and an outlet for a flow of media to be disinfected. The ultraviolet transparent enclosure includes a material that is configured to prevent biofouling within the ultraviolet transparent enclosure. A set of ultraviolet radiation sources are located adjacent to the ultraviolet transparent enclosure and are configured to generate ultraviolet radiation towards the ultraviolet transparent enclosure.

Abstract: A water filtration system uses previously used medical filters, such as dialysis filters, for water purification. After medical use the filters are cleaned and sterilized and mounted singly or in groups so as to receive input water under pressure. The system produces sterile filtered water.

Abstract: The invention generally relates to osmotically driven membrane systems and processes and more particularly to increased brine concentration for zero liquid discharge using osmotically driven membrane systems and processes and the related draw solute recovery techniques for the osmotically driven membrane systems and processes.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and apparatus for treatment of produced or process water from hydrocarbon production to reduce the volume of the produced or process water while simultaneously reducing the salinity of a highly saline stream, for example, the brine from a seawater desalination plant. The method includes causing a feed stream comprising produced or process water to flow through the lumen of a hollow fiber osmotic membrane 4 which is immersed in an open channel 2 or tank of flowing draw solution 6 which has high salinity. In this way, water from the feed stream is drawn through the osmotic membrane 4 by an osmotic pressure differential caused by the difference in salinity between the feed stream and the draw solution 6.

Abstract: Technologies are generally described for an apparatus configured to process a volume of a fluid and provide an electrolyzed fluid. Example apparatuses described herein may include a base cell, electrodes and/or a variable expansion cell. The base cell may be configured to contain at least a portion of the volume of the fluid. Electrodes may include an anode and a cathode. The electrodes may be configured to be mounted within the base cell. The variable expansion cell may be coupled to the base cell, and adjustably configured to change a volumetric space of the apparatus to accommodate the volume of the fluid such that the electrodes are substantially immersed in the fluid.

Abstract: Provided are apparatus and method for controlling total dissolved solids, and water treatment apparatus including apparatus for controlling total dissolved solids. The total dissolved solid controlling apparatus includes, a filtering unit including a deionizing filter removing dissolved solids from inflow raw water by an input current and, a control unit controlling the input current such that water discharged from the deionizing filter corresponds to target total dissolved solids.

Abstract: A water treatment apparatus, upper surfaces of two of the consecutively arranged ground electrodes are alternately inclined in opposite directions with respect to a horizontal plane, a gap is formed between a lower surface of an upper side ground electrode and an upper surface of a lower side ground electrode, a voltage is applied to a discharge electrode provided in the gap, thereby forming discharges both in air between the discharge electrode and the lower surface of the upper side ground electrode and in air between the discharge electrode and the upper surface of the lower side ground electrode, and water to be treated is caused to continuously flow downward from the ground electrode of an uppermost part to the ground electrode of a lowermost part along the respective upper surfaces such that the water to be treated is treated.

Abstract: A flocculation system is provided including a vessel having an open top. The flocculation system also includes a sidewall comprised of a water-impermeable material. The flocculation system further includes a first bottom comprising the water-impermeable material. The flocculation system further includes a second bottom having a floc filter that passes flocs and prevents the passage of a cleaning tool. The flocculation system further includes a floc trap below the second bottom. The floc trap includes a space defined by the sidewall, the first bottom, and the floc filter. In some implementations, the flocculation system includes a flocculant disposed on the sidewall, the floc filter, or the first bottom.

Abstract: A flocculation filter is provided. The flocculation filter includes a filter layer having openings that pass water and trap flocs is provided. The flocculation filter also includes a flocculant layer disposed on at least a portion of the filter layer.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are processes for treating high-P fluid involving (1) providing a high-P containing stream; (2) chemically treating the high-P stream such that a majority of dissolved P in the stream is transformed into a solid form via sorption of P onto particles placed or precipitated within the stream; and (3) removing the solid form containing P from the chemically treated fine solids stream, such that > about 90% of the total P is removed from the high-P fluid. Also disclosed are systems for treating a high-P stream, the systems involving (1) a chemical treatment station operable to chemically treat and transform equal to or greater than about 90% of dissolved P in a high-P stream into a solid form; and (2) a liquid-solid separator station operable to remove the solid form containing P from the chemically treated high-P stream.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for separating off and/or recovering nitrogen compounds, in particular for separating off ammonia and/or recovering or producing nitrogen fertilizer, from a liquid or sludge substrate, in which a liquid or sludge substrate is introduced into a degassing vessel to which subatmospheric pressure is applied and ammonia gas formed is introduced by means of a vacuum pump into at least one scrubber which is located downstream of the degassing vessel and to which subatmospheric pressure is applied and into which acid is introduced, wherein the acid or an ammonium salt-containing liquid obtained in the at least one scrubber is taken off from the at least one scrubber, cooled and subsequently sprayed back into the at least one scrubber. The invention further relates to a plant for carrying out such a process.

Abstract: An ozone-photocatalysis reactor, comprising: a shell layer (1); activated carbon layers (2) arranged in the shell layer (1); and at least one photoxidation unit arranged in the shell layer (1) and above the activated carbon layers (2). The photoxidation unit comprises a honeycomb activated carbon layer I (3), a light source layer and a honeycomb activated carbon bed layer II (4) sequentially from bottom to top. A gas inlet (7) and a water inlet (6) are formed in the shell layer below the activated carbon layers (2); a water outlet (9) and a gas outlet (10) are formed in the shell layer (1) above the photoxidation unit; and the activated carbon layers (2), at least one honeycomb activated carbon bed layer I (3) and at least one honeycomb activated carbon bed layer II (4) are loaded with a solid catalyst. The reactor uses ozone oxidation and ozone-photocatalysis sufficiently for sewage treatment, the treatment time is short, and the treatment efficiency is high.

Abstract: Systems and methods for creating an oxidation reduction potential (ORP) in water for pathogenic control are described. The systems and methods generate an oxidation reduction potential that provides pathogenic control of the solution as well as pathogenic control of the surfaces with which the solution comes in immediate contact. The system also provides purified drinking water to a tap or an ice making machine.