Abstract: A valve device for a fuel cell arrangement in a motor vehicle includes: a housing; a flow channel extending in the housing; a flap configured to influence a flow cross-section in the flow channel; a shaft to which the flap is attached, the shaft being rotatably supported in the housing; a drive configured to drive the flap via the shaft; a valve seat arranged in the flow channel; and a seal including polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) arranged on a radially peripheral edge of the flap, the seal being configured to contact the valve seat with the flap In a closed position of the flap, so that the shaft passes through the flap at an angle. The seal includes a spring.

Abstract: A valve device includes: a housing; a flow channel extending in the housing; a shaft mounted rotatably in the housing, and having a screw bore having a shoulder; a flap, fastened to the shaft, the flap influencing a flow cross section in the flow channel; a screw having a collar, the screw fixedly attaching the flap to the shalt a drive driving the flap via the shaft; and a valve seat in the flow channel, the valve seating having a seal arranged on a radially circumferential edge of the flap, the seal being in contact with the valve seat in a closed position of the flap such that the shaft penetrates the flap at an angle. The collar contacts the shoulder such that, when the screw is tightened firmly, a transmission of force from the collar to the shaft takes place via the shoulder.

Abstract: A method for operating a control component of an air mass flow rate controller for a drive machine of a motor vehicle, with which an actuator moves a control element into a target position and the position of the control element is detected by a sensor element in communication with a controller. The method includes: switching, in a rest mode, the actuator to a de-energized state; detecting, by the sensor element, the position of the control element indirectly or directly; and driving, by the controller, the actuator to correct the position of the control element in the event of a detected change of the position of the control element.

Abstract: A system and method for dynamically varying an amount slippage of a Torque Converter Clutch (TCC) provided between an engine and a transmission of a vehicle in response to non-powertrain factors. By varying a slippage output signal, the amount of TCC slippage between the engine and the transmission can be adjusted. Small amounts of slippage, relative to large amounts of slippage, provide (a) improved vehicle fuel economy, but (b) induce more powertrain noise and vibration in the vehicle cabin. By dynamically adjusting the slippage, a tradeoff between improved fuel economy vs. a satisfying driver experience can be realized.

Abstract: In the exhaust gas control system, the electronic control unit is configured to execute first air-fuel ratio control for controlling an air-fuel ratio of an air-fuel mixture in a part of cylinders to a lean air-fuel ratio and controlling an air-fuel ratio of an air-fuel mixture in the other part of the cylinders to a rich air-fuel ratio is executed. The electronic control unit is configured to execute second air-fuel ratio control to perform malfunction diagnosis. The electronic control unit is configured to execute second air-fuel ratio control when the execution of the first air-fuel ratio control is interrupted after the temperature of the three-way catalyst becomes equal to or higher than the diagnosis temperature.

Abstract: An agricultural work machine, such as a harvester, is disclosed. The agricultural work machine includes an internal combustion engine, at least one working assembly, and a regulating device. The internal combustion engine provides power to the working assembly, with the internal combustion engine being operated in different power settings, with a different performance characteristic in each of the different power settings. The regulating device causes automatic shifting of the internal combustion engine from one power setting to another in response to determining that the power requirements assigned to the working assembly change. The power settings may be assigned to different, pre-selectable power setting ranges, which may differ in terms of the highest respective power setting assigned thereto. Further, the regulating device may only cause shifting of the internal combustion engine between power settings in the respective pre-selected power setting range.

Abstract: A vehicle propulsion system includes a controller configured to generate a control signal that dictates operation of a propulsion system of a vehicle having an engine and an electrically driven superturbocharger or a turbo-compounding turbine. Responsive to determining that the vehicle is one or more of entering into or traveling within an airflow restricting area, the controller is configured to change the operation of the propulsion system of the vehicle by reducing a power output by the engine. The controller is configured to reduce the power output by the engine to increase a power output of the electrically driven superturbocharger or the turbo-compounding turbine to propel the vehicle through the airflow restricting area.

Abstract: A knocking control method in a power generation system (1) which includes a gas engine (20) including a plurality of air cylinders (21) and a knocking detection unit (51) configured to detect knocking in each of the air cylinders (21). The knocking control method includes a first control step of delaying an ignition timing for at least one of the air cylinders (21) when the knocking detection unit (51) has detected knocking; a second control step of reducing an amount of gas supplied to at least one of the air cylinders (21) when the knocking has not been eliminated by the first control step; and a third control step of shutting off supply of a gas to any of the air cylinders (21) in which the knocking has occurred.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for an ultrasonic wave generator within a vehicle emissions control system. In one example, a frequency of ultrasonic waves may be applied to a fuel vapor canister, the frequency adjusted in response to an estimate of hydrocarbon distribution within a vapor canister received from temperature and hydrocarbon sensor outputs.

Abstract: For exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) fueling control, at least one donor cylinder of a plurality of cylinders in an engine provides exhaust gas to an air intake for the plurality of cylinders. A fuel variable restriction initially provides fuel concurrent with an intake stroke for the at least one donor cylinder in response to a transition from withholding the fuel to the plurality of cylinders.

Abstract: A gasoline compression ignition engine is operated in two modes. In a one mode of operation the engine is operated with a firing fraction of one, corresponding to all of the cylinders being active, working cylinders. In a second skip fire mode of operation a firing fraction of less than one may be used under conditions, such as a low load condition, to improve efficiency. The skip fire mode of operation may also be selected in part based on other considerations, such as maintaining an exhaust temperature conducive for efficient catalytic converter operation or limiting cylinder output variability.

Abstract: A variety of methods and arrangements are described for controlling transitions between firing fractions during skip fire and potentially variable displacement operation of an engine. In general, cam first transition strategies are described in which the cam phase is changed to, or close to a target cam phase before a corresponding firing fraction change is implemented. When the cam phase change associated with a desired firing fraction change is relatively large, the firing fraction change is divided into a series of two or more firing fraction change steps—with each step using a cam first transition approach. A number of intermediate target selection schemes are described as well.

Abstract: Methods, devices, estimators, controllers and algorithms are described for estimating working chamber air charge during engine operations. The described approaches and devices are well suited for use in dynamic firing level modulation controlled engines. Manifold pressure is estimated for a time corresponding to an induction event associated with a selected working cycle. The manifold pressure estimate accounts for impacts from one or more intervening potential induction events that will occur between the time that the manifold pressure is estimated and the time that the induction event associated with the selected working cycle occurs. The estimated manifold pressure is used in the estimation of the air charge for the selected working cycle. The described approach may be used to individually calculate the air charge for each induction event at any time that the engine is operating in a mode that can benefit from the individual cylinder air charge estimations.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for improving the detection and mitigation of high speed pre-ignition. In one example, high speed pre-ignition is detected based on concurrent or sequential changes in an integrated knock sensor output in a knock window as well as a pre-ignition window. The high speed pre-ignition is addressed using cylinder fuel deactivation and/or engine load limiting to reduce the risk for run-away pre-ignition.

Abstract: With a torque-controlled internal combustion engine and a variable-speed transmission having fixed shift gear ratios, during a shift, the internal combustion engine is controlled in such manner that the drive output torque of the transmission remains the same before and after the shift.

Abstract: An air-fuel ratio controller of an internal combustion engine includes an open-loop processor setting a base injection amount, a feedback processor calculating a feedback operation amount, an increase processor performing an increase correction on the base injection amount when a temperature of the internal combustion engine is a specified temperature or lower, an operation processor operating a fuel injection valve based on the corrected base injection amount and that is corrected using the feedback operation amount and a learning value, and an update processor updating the learning value. If the increase processor performs the increase correction, the update processor updates the learning value to increase an increase correction rate of the base injection amount when a temperature of the cylinder wall surface is high.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine has a humidity sensor that is disposed in an intake passage of the internal combustion engine, a temperature sensor configured to detect an intake air temperature in a position of the humidity sensor, and a controller configured to correct an offset error of the sensor value by adding a correction value to the sensor value. The controller is configured to acquire the intake air temperatures respectively at a plurality of timings in a process of the intake air temperature changing, acquire the sensor values at the respective plurality of timings, calculate values excluding influences of temperature differences of the intake air temperatures from the respective sensor values as humidity index values respectively, and determine a correction value so that a variation degree of the humidity index values becomes small.

Abstract: An exhaust gas system includes an exhaust gas pipe through which exhaust gas flows in a flow direction and which has a pipe wall. A flange is arranged in the pipe wall and has a passage opening provided with an internal thread. A gas sensor, in particular a particle sensor, is provided for sensing the concentration of soot particles contained in the exhaust gas and has a threaded housing portion that is provided with an external thread and is screwed into the passage opening. An annular gap is produced between a radial outer face of the threaded housing portion and a passage-opening inner circumferential portion which protrudes into the interior of the exhaust gas pipe. The flange has a flow guiding element which extends over a downstream part of the circumference of the threaded housing portion and which is provided for limiting or largely preventing a flow around the gas sensor in the annular gap.

Abstract: A method for carrying out the operation of an internal combustion engine, wherein liquid fuel injection amounts are injected at cylinders of a group of cylinders of the internal combustion engine in the context of injection events, wherein in a first step, a first cylinder of the group with the strongest knocking tendency over a time period is determined, and in a second step an injection correction occurs such that the injection events at the first determined cylinder can be sequentially reduced in their injection duration or injection amount by a first correction value, while the injection duration or injection amount of the injection events at the other cylinders of the group are sequentially increased by a second correction value.

Abstract: A PM sensor is arranged downstream of a one-side blocked filter that collects a particulate matter in exhaust gas of an engine, and first and second sensor abnormality diagnoses are executed based on output of the PM sensor. In the first sensor abnormality diagnosis, a filter-outflow PM amount (an amount of the PM flowing out from the one-side blocked filter) is estimated based on a working condition of the engine and a PM collection rate of the one-side blocked filter, and an occurrence of output abnormality of the PM sensor is determined by comparing a sensor-detection PM amount (an amount of the PM detected based on the output of the PM sensor) with the filter-outflow PM amount.

Abstract: When a diesel engine is determined to be in a motoring state, a hysteresis zero angle H0 is determined (step S14). Subsequently, a gradient dn is calculated (step S16). The gradient dn is calculated based on data (?n, ?hn) of a deviation ?hn at a retardation side from the hysteresis zero angle H0 and at an advance side from a predetermined crank angle. Subsequently, the gradient dn and the hysteresis zero angle H0 are updated (step S18). When the diesel engine is determined to be in a non-motoring state, data (?n, Pn) of an actual in-cylinder pressure is corrected based on a newest correction coefficient ? and hysteresis zero angle H0 (step S22).

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for controlling a vehicle engine to deliver desired torque to a power take off device coupled to the engine. In one example, the method may include, learning a filtered PTO torque demand during vehicle acceleration, and steady state operation, and during transition in engine states using the learned PTO torque demand to adjust engine speed in order to deliver a desired engine torque output for optimal operation of the PTO device.

Abstract: An engine includes a first injection valve, which is one of port and direct injection valves, and a second injection valve, which is the other. When operating only the first injection valve based on a base injection amount, which has been corrected using a feedback operation amount and a first learning value, an air-fuel ratio control apparatus updates the first learning value and determines that the first learning value has converged on condition that a correction ratio of the base injection amount is not more than a predetermined ratio. When the first and second injection valves are being operated, the apparatus updates a second learning value for the second injection valve on condition that the first learning value has converged and the ratio of the injection amount of the second injection valve is not less than a specified value.

Abstract: A cylinder for a V-twin engine includes a section of steel tubing cut to a length. The section of steel tubing includes a first portion having a first wall thickness and a second portion having a second wall thickness less than the first wall thickness. The second wall thickness is less than 0.050 inch. The section of steel tubing includes a first ribbing pattern on an outer surface, within the first portion, and a second ribbing pattern including multiple ribs formed on individual ribs of the first ribbing pattern. A cast body is provided on the first portion of the section of steel tubing so that the section of steel tubing is fixedly secured within the body to form a cylinder sleeve defining a cylinder bore. The second portion having the second wall thickness extends from an end of the body to be received within a bore of a crankcase.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine with at least one cylinder having a cylinder barrel that forms a guide for a piston associated with the cylinder. The cylinder barrel is only partially formed by a cylinder wall of a crankcase or of a cylinder liner fastened to the crankcase. The cylinder barrel, in a central region as seen in the cylinder axial direction, is formed by the cylinder wall. The cylinder wall, in an upper region of the cylinder barrel adjoining the central region and/or in a lower region adjoining the central region, has an encompassing recess into which is inserted a one-piece or multi-piece annular sliding element, the radially inner wall of which forms a part of the cylinder barrel.

Abstract: A combustion system is provided for an internal combustion engine including a cylinder head and a piston. In one example, a combustion system may include a cylinder head with a second cylinder surface angled relative to a first cylinder surface, an intake port coupled to the first cylinder surface, an exhaust port coupled to the second cylinder surface, and a piston with a first piston surface parallel to the first cylinder surface and a second piston surface parallel to the second cylinder surface.

Abstract: A waste heat recovery device with a first heat medium side inlet; a first heat medium side outlet; a first heat medium flow path; a second heat medium side inlet; a second heat medium side outlet; a second heat medium flow path; a heat exchanger that exchanges heat between the first heat medium and second heat medium; an expansion tank in the first heat medium flow path; a bypass flow path that causes the first heat medium to flow and bypass the heat exchanger; and a mixer where the bypass flow path and first heat medium flow path merge together. The mixer is configured to adjust a ratio of a flow rate of the first heat medium in the bypass flow path and a flow rate of the first heat medium in the heat exchanger, such that the temperature of the first heat medium after merging approaches a predetermined temperature.

Abstract: A deployable grille with fins for a thrust-reversal system for an aircraft turbine engine. The grille can adopt a rest position and a deployed, active position wherein the fins are axially spaced further apart than in the rest position. At least between two fins, the grille includes resilient return device forcing the two fins to move apart axially from one another.

Abstract: A gas turbine engine includes an engine core includes at least one compressor, a combustor downstream of the compressor, and at least one turbine downstream of the combustor. A primary flowpath fluidly connects each of the compressor, the combustor, and the turbine. At least one particle extraction duct has an extraction duct inlet connected to the primary flowpath fore of the compressor and an extraction duct outlet connected to a bypass flowpath.

Abstract: An aft section structure of a jet engine with an axis is comprised of a casing defining a duct around the axis and opened axially fore and aft; a cone tapering aftward at a first angle with the axis and having a pointed end; guide vanes, each of the vanes radially extending from the cone to the casing and comprising a pressure side at a second angle with a plane containing the axis; spray bars, each of the spray bars extending radially within the duct and comprising trailing sides, each of the trailing sides being directed aftward at a third angle with a plane containing the axis; and flame holders, each of the flame holders extending radially within the duct and comprising one or more interior sides, each of the interior sides being directed aftward at a fourth angle with a plane containing the axis.

Abstract: A carburetor with a body with a cavity in which an adjustable fuel valve is received. To inhibit access to and manual adjustment of the valve, a cover may overlay at least a portion of the adjustable valve. In some forms, a releasable lock plate may be received between the cover and the adjustable valve. Specialty tools may release the lock plate and adjust the valve.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an EGR cooler for a vehicle capable of increasing space utilization with a compact configuration, increasing an area in which exhaust gas exchanges heat with a cooling fluid, and reducing a pressure difference in exhaust gas at an exhaust gas inlet and an exhaust gas outlet since a plurality of gas tubes installed in a housing, respectively, are configured of a flat portion, a first bent portion, and a second bent portion and a length of the flat portion is longer than a height of the first bent portion and the second bent portion.

Abstract: Exhaust gas recirculation valve actuator device in an internal combustion engine, comprising an actuator body housing where the stem of an exhaust gas recirculation valve, extends along an axial direction. A motor acts to move the recirculation valve along the axial direction X-X, to pass from an open configuration to a closed configuration. A transmission is interposed between the motor and the exhaust gas recirculation valve. The device also includes support and guide mechanism and a sealing mechanism, in correspondence of a connection interface of the actuator body with an associable valve body, which houses an exhaust gas passage duct, wherein the actuator body is mechanically separable/connectable from/to said associable valve body.

Abstract: A fuel atomizer that includes a housing having a fuel inlet and at least one primary orifice positioned at the inlet, wherein the at least one orifice configured to disperse a stream of fuel into a plurality of fuel droplets. The plurality of fuel droplets contact a fuel impingement surface to break up the plurality of fuel droplets into a plurality of smaller secondary droplets and create a thin film of secondary droplets on the impingement surface. At least one pressurized air channel delivers an airflow into contact with the secondary droplets. The secondary droplets pass through a plurality of secondary outlet orifices to exit the housing. A size of the plurality of secondary droplets is reduced when passing out of the plurality of secondary orifices.

Abstract: A fuel cooling system includes a refrigeration unit configured to circulate a refrigerant, a bypass cooling circuit (132) fluidly coupled to the refrigeration unit, and a power generation system operably coupled to the refrigeration unit. The power generation system includes a fuel tank (34) fluidly coupled to an engine (32), and a fuel cooling circuit (160) is fluidly coupled between the fuel tank and the engine. The fuel cooling circuit is thermally coupled to the bypass cooling circuit and is configured to cool a fuel by thermal exchange with the refrigerant.

Abstract: A system able to change a cross-sectional area of an air intake tube is provided. The system is disposed between a throttle valve and an air intake tube of an air cleaner, and includes an adjustment device, a control module, and a stepping motor. The adjustment device includes a retaining seat, a rotating disc fitted in the retaining seat, a plurality of blades disposed on the retaining seat and the rotating disc. After the control module receives signals of an engine and the throttle valve and transmits a control signal to the stepping motor, the stepping motor drives the rotating disc to pivot the blades for controlling the cross-sectional area of an opening of the air intake tube.

Abstract: Combustion air intake ports are provided on left and right side faces of an upper part of an engine cover. An outer louver is disposed to confront the combustion air intake port, and an inner louver is disposed inward of the outer louver at a predetermined interval to face the outer louver. The combustion air received from the combustion air intake port passes through the outer louver and the inner louver and is guided to the engine unit from the guide hole. In this case, a splash of water is dispersed in the outer louver, and a large-sized water droplet falls down due to its self-weight before the combustion air reaches the inner louver, so that a small-sized water droplet can be collected and removed using inertial impaction at the inner louver. Therefore, it is possible to effectively separate water.

Abstract: A system includes a fuel delivery system of an engine, the fuel delivery system including a vent tube, walls providing a seat and forming a cavity at an opening of the vent tube, a floor of the cavity, the floor including a convex portion protruding from the floor, and a stopper in the cavity for sitting in the seat during a rollover situation.

Abstract: Intake arrangement for an internal combustion engine for the intake of a liquid medium from a container, having a strainer, via which liquid medium can be taken in from the container, and having at least one suction pipe which opens with a first end into the strainer and via which the liquid medium can be delivered towards a suction pump, which interacts with the respective suction pipe. The suction pipe is mounted at a second end that faces away from the strainer such that it can be pivoted about an axis such that the suction pipe follows a movement of the liquid within the container.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a fuel injection valve configured to suppress bouncing of a valve element that is caused as a result of the valve element being rendered elastic when the valve element collides with a valve seat. The fuel injection valve of the present invention includes the valve element configured to come into contact with the valve seat for closing an injection hole and to separate from the valve seat for unclosing the injection hole, an elastic member urging the valve element toward the valve seat, a movable iron core disposed to be in and out of contact with the valve element, a fixed iron core disposed to be opposed to the movable iron core, and a coil configured to generate electromagnetic force for moving the movable iron core.

Abstract: An inner gear includes: sliding surface parts that are provided annularly at an outer peripheral part including a plurality of outer teeth on both sides of the inner gear in its axial direction and that slide on a pump housing; recessed parts that are respectively provided radially inward of the sliding surface parts to respectively form fuel chambers, into which fuel flows, between the recessed parts and the pump housing; and a communication hole that communicates between the recessed parts. The inner gear further includes an inclined surface part that is provided at an edge portion of a communicating edge portion on a rotation advance side of the inner gear, to avoid an adjacent part adjacent to an inner peripheral edge portion of each of the sliding surface parts and that is inclined further toward a rear side in a direction to a central part of the communication hole.

Abstract: A solenoid for a solenoid-actuated valve includes a coil, a flux tube, a pole piece disposed axially from the flux tube and encircled by the coil, a movable armature disposed in the flux tube and the pole piece, and a latch disposed between the flux tube and the pole piece to selectively latch the armature into at least one position.

Abstract: A valve assembly for an injection valve is disclosed, including a valve body with a cavity, a valve needle axially moveable in the cavity, the valve needle being fixedly connected to a retaining element which extends in radial direction and is arranged in an axial region of the valve needle facing away from the fluid outlet portion, and an armature being able to slide on the valve needle and acting on the needle by way of the retaining element. A conical spring is arranged between the retaining element and a top side of the armature facing the retaining element, biasing the armature away from the retaining element.

Abstract: The invention relates mainly to a starter for a heat engine of a motor vehicle comprising: at least one electromagnetic contactor comprising a positive output terminal, at least one electric motor, the electric motor comprising: at least one brush cage (43), at least one positive brush (35) mounted in the brush cage (43), an electrical path (91) between the positive brush (35) and the positive output terminal (32), and at least one thermal protection (96) situated in the electrical path (91), in which the thermal protection is suitable for disconnecting the two elements (93, 95) when the thermal protection has a temperature above a temperature threshold to electrically disconnect the positive output terminal relative to the positive brush (35).

Abstract: A variety of methods and arrangements are described for controlling transitions between effective firing fractions during dynamic firing level modulation operation of an engine in order to help reduce undesirable NVH consequences and otherwise smooth the transitions. In general, both feed forward and feedback control are utilized in the determination of the effective firing fractions during transitions such that the resulting changes in the effective firing fraction better track cylinder air charge changing dynamics associated with the transition.

Abstract: A turbine unit for a hydraulic installation, and more in particular it deals with the hub of the turbine unit. The present invention proposes to provide means for adjusting a gap extent formed between the hub and the inner edge of the blade, this way dramatically increasing the performance of the turbine.

Abstract: A Pulsed Locomotor (120), for propelling media, fluids and crafts, in fluids and on land, comprising a blade (124) securely connected to a drive shaft (122). Upon reciprocation, the ambient medium is forced towards the trailing edge of the blade (124) thereby causing a reactive locomotion of the apparatus, substantially along the plane of the blade. Apparatus is secured to motor M by fastening through aperture (130). The apparatus can be operated directly by motor M, and indirectly by the reaction momentum imparted to a supporting platform P. Thrust is directed by steering handle (128) about a bearing (126), rotatably coupling to platform P and base C. Lubricant L is supplied to outlets (134) via conduit (136) and inlet (132), to coat the apparatus with a lubricant cavity, for drag reduction. The blade (124) planes along a figure 8 reciprocation path s1e1s2e2s1. Crafts are embodied.

Abstract: A family of dual-winglet rotor blades are designed to dissipate the low energy flow in the wake of a turbine rotor. In some embodiments a dual-winglet having a first winglet transitioning from the lift surface of a rotor blade and a second winglet transitioning from the pressure surface of the rotor blade creates two distinct streams in the wake of the rotor. In one embodiment the first winglet curving away from the lift surface turns the lift force toward the center of the rotor plane while a second, smaller, winglet curving away from the pressure surface of the rotor blade turns the lift force away from the center of the rotor plane. In other embodiments winglets create a virtual shroud that expands the wake to dissipate the low-energy flow in the turbine wake. In another embodiment a dual winglet combines the aforementioned mixing effect with the wake expansion effect.

Abstract: A method is provided for handling wind turbine blades aboard a vessel, the method including providing on the vessel a blade rack assembly configured to accommodate more than one blade, the rack assembly having at least a root rack and a tip rack, and the root rack and tip rack defining between them a blade support plane. The method also includes providing a jack acting between the vessel and one of the root or tip rack; and raising or lowering one of the root or tip rack aboard the vessel by the jack to thereby move the blade support plane through an elevation angle ?. A jack assembly on a wind turbine installation vessel and an offshore wind turbine installation vessel are also provided, each capable of raising or lowering a rack of wind turbine blade root or tip support frame elements.

Abstract: A portable wind turbine is adjustable between an operating configuration and a stowed configuration. The portable wind turbine comprises a turbine tower and a base. The base includes a floor and a pair of opposing sidewalls. The base includes four lower corners. The base is configured to store the turbine tower when the portable wind turbine is in the stowed configuration. The turbine tower is oriented in an upright manner such that the turbine tower projects upwardly away from the floor of the base when the portable wind turbine is in the operating configuration. An outrigger is attached at each of the four lower corners of the base when the portable wind turbine is in the operating configuration.