Abstract: A system and method for facilitating player interaction with instances of virtual containers in an online game are disclosed. After player activation of an instance of virtual container in the online game, one or more virtual items may be determined as initial payouts to be distributed to the player. One or more redetermined offers may be presented to the player such that the player may enable to pay an amount of consideration in exchange for having some or all of the items in the initial payout redetermined to improve the initial payout. Responsive to player selection of a redetermination offer, an outcome whether the player wins the reward may be determined stochastically. Distribution of virtual items may be effectuated accordance with the stochastically determined outcome.

Abstract: Real time interactive networked gaming is provided with two different classes of bookmarked online game players: “Friends” and “Rivals.” “Friends” are game players that are known personally. “Rivals” are game players who are not known personally but whom one has played against in the past in an online gaming scenario. Game software may allow chatting or other direct communication with “Friends” but not with “Rivals.” Rivals may be tracked to a limited degree so that for example it is possible to play against the Rival when he or she is online. Rivals may for example be players who you wish to track or keep track of, but in a manner that is safe for both you and the “rival.” When a player goes online again, he or she can see whether his or her Rivals are online and invite them to play another game. Inviting Rivals to play may be selectable, so an online player can invite Friends, Rivals or both to play.

Abstract: Methods for interactive communication between an object and a smart device are provided. Signals can be transmitted from the smart device to the object to control movement of a movable part at the object. Signals can also be transmitted from the smart device to the object to broadcast words and/or songs at a speaker at the object. In addition, in response to a user's touching the object, the object's speaker can broadcast words and/or songs. The signals transmitted from the smart device to the object transceiver can be audio signals so as to create a two-way interactive and live communication. In addition, voice instructions can be spoken into the microphone of the object, and then transmitted from the object to the smart device to initiate an activity at the smart device.

Abstract: The following information may be read from a memory system: an identification of each of multiple moving targets that are each expected to move in accordance with a schedule of when and where the target will move; the schedule; an identification of each of multiple mobile defense resources that each have a maximum movement speed and a maximum protection radius; and the maximum movement speed and the maximum protection radius of each mobile defense resource. A computer system may determine where each mobile defense resource should be at each of a sequential set of different times so as to optimize the ability of the mobile defense resources to protect each of the mobile targets from a single attack by an attacker against one of the targets at an unknown time based on the information read from the memory system. The determining may take into consideration that the attacker may observe and analyze movements of the mobile defense resources prior to the attack in formulating the attack.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes novel systems and methods for teaching and exercising leadership skills and strategies including the use of a narrative-driven role playing game.

Abstract: In order to achieve the object, disclosed is a dart game apparatus for recording a moving picture of a part during a dart game. The dart game apparatus includes: a camera unit for recording the dart game; a touch unit for sensing that a dart game player is ready for throwing a dart; and a controller for controlling the camera unit, wherein the controller allows the camera unit to start recording at the time when the touch unit senses that the dart game player is ready for throwing the dart. An object of the present invention is to store or transmit only small-capacity data by recording only a part of a dart game or selecting and storing or transmitting only a part of an image of an entire dart game to reduce a burden in storing and transmitting data and remarkably reduce a time for verifying the data.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a servo of an entertainment robot that includes a servo main body and a servo plate. The servo main body includes a casing and an output shaft. The casing is a hexahedron. The servo plate is fixed to the output shaft of the servo main body. The servo plate includes a square drive plate. At least one surface of the servo main body includes a T slot having an opening at one end. The size of the T slot matches the size of the drive plate of the servo plate. Tools are not needed for assembling/disassembling during the assembling of entertainment robots, thereby reducing the complexity during assembling, lowering the assembly difficulty, simplifying the assembling process, increasing the joy of DIY, and providing more space for the users to bring into play their imaginations.

Abstract: A playmate toy or similar children's toy is provided having associated wireless, batteryless ID tag that can be read from and/or written to using a radio-frequency communication protocol. The tag is mounted internally within a cavity of the toy and thereby provides wireless communication of stored information without requiring removal and reinsertion of the tag. In this manner, a stuffed animal or other toy can be quickly and easily identified non-invasively, without damaging the toy. Additional information (e.g., unique personality traits, special powers, skill levels, etc.) can also be stored on the ID tag, thus providing further personality enhancement, input/output programming, simulated intelligence and/or interactive gaming possibilities.

Abstract: A toy includes a number of play objects that constitute surprises or prizes that are serially revealed to the child as the child removes various layers of wrappings from the toy. Some play objects are located between layers of wrapping. Other play objects are tucked into outer recesses of a spherical shell which is covered by the wrappings, such that removing one of the layers of wrappings reveals one compartment containing one play object at a time. Once all of the wrappings have been removed, the shell comes apart into halves, thus revealing yet another play object. The play object within the shell can be a toy figure such as a doll, with other play objects that were previously revealed being clothing, accessories for the doll, or cards that contain information or other indicia that has a play relationship to the toy figure. The objects that are serially revealed bear a play relationship with one another.

Abstract: An illustrative toy vehicle is provided having a two-section chassis and a pivot mechanism rotatably attaching the two sections. The vehicle has the ability to move in multiple orientations and execute movements including a side rollover movement where the pivot mechanism assists in directing the vehicle to roll over from a first orientation to a second orientation about a central axis. A modified wheel design further assists in facilitating movements including the rollover movement. The vehicle may perform movements without user control where the vehicle responds to external factors, such as objects or terrain or the vehicle may use control systems such as radio or remote control with a transmitter/receiver pair, on vehicle switches or sensors utilizing interactive preprogrammed content.

Abstract: A toy apparatus. The toy including a guide having one or more tracks formed by one or more links; a helical spring coil having first and second ends and a plurality of turns (T) situated about and defining a center axis between first and second ends of the helical coil spring; and/or a coupler which couples the and second ends of the helical spring coil to each other so as to form center opening configured to receive the one or more tracks, wherein an outer surface of one or more of the plurality of turns is in contact with the one or more tracks so that the helical coil spring rotates in a substantially poloidal direction about the central axis when traveling axially along the guide.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for use with flue gas having a moisture content M. The flue gas is introduced to strong brine adapted to exothermically absorb moisture. Simultaneously, heat is withdrawn. This produces heat, water-enriched brine and a gas having a moisture concentration less than M. The strong brine can be recovered by distillation from enriched brine to produce water. The brine temperature throughout absorption can remain within 2° F. of a temperature T in the range 220° F.-300° F. The heat withdrawal can be associated with gas-liquid phase change of a working fluid. The terminus of the heat flow can be associated with gas-liquid phase change of the working fluid. The working fluid can: as liquid, flow only by gravity, convection or wicking; and, as gas, flow only by diffusion or convection. The heat flow can drive a boiler producing steam. M can be greater than 15 wt. % water.

Abstract: A rectification column for multi-component mixture separation with internal heat and mass exchange, which ensures a heat and mass exchange in the film mode with internal reflux generation along the whole length of heat and mass exchange tubes and which allows for an increased efficiency, is proposed. The rectification column includes the rectifying/enriching section with the heat and mass exchange in its tubular and annular spaces being topped by a heat carrier distributor with a distributor chamber (17) on top of the heat carrier distributor in such a way that a higher pressure of fluid heat carrier in the distributor chamber (17) than in the annular space is allowed. The design of the distributor allows to separate an upper outlet for heat carrier vapors and a lower outlet for liquid heat carrier from the annular space completely from the fluid supply of fluid heat carrier in the distributor chamber. A feed-in device allows the multi-component mixture to enter the tubular spaces from below.

Abstract: This disclosure describes systems, methods, and apparatus for counter-current solids leaching. A multi-stage countercurrent leaching chamber can include a top and bottom end, a barren liquor input, two or more regions for countercurrent mixing, and a barren solids output. The input can be configured to receive barren liquor. The two or more regions for countercurrent mixing and separation can be configured to mix and separate liquid and solid phases. The barren solids output can be configured to collect and discharge barren solids from the bottom end of the multi-stage countercurrent leaching chamber. A fluidized bed chamber and clarifier chamber can also be included, where the fluidized bed receives a fluidizable slurry of pregnant solids and the clarifier chamber aids in separating liquids from solids passing from a top of the fluidized bed chamber to the top end of the multi-stage countercurrent leaching chamber.

Abstract: An electrolytic device comprising a housing includes at least first and second adjacent liquid flow-through channels. A barrier impermeable to ion flow and to bulk liquid flow is disposed between the first and second channels. A first electrode assembly is disposed adjacent to one end of the channels and a second electrode assembly is disposed adjacent the other end of the channels. Also, a contaminant removal method using the above electrolytic device. A first aqueous stream including contaminants flows through the first channel while passing a current between the first and second electrode assemblies to remove contaminants. Effluent from the first channel flows, with or without further treatment, through the second channel while passing current between said first and second electrode assemblies to remove further contaminants.

Abstract: A method and device for removal of solid contaminants from an air-containing, contaminated oil by leading the oil to the inlet of a filter separating the contaminated oil in a solid phase, which is retained by the filter, and a liquid phase, which passes the filter and leaves as a filtrate through the outlet of the filter. An increased pressure is added on the filtrate outlet. The filtration is more efficient as disturbing air bubbles are avoided.

Abstract: A settling tank apparatus for removing solids from a solids-containing fluid, having a vertical cylindrical portion and a bottom portion having a downwardly-extending substantially torispherical, ellipsoidal, hemispherical or frusto-conical shaped curved interior surface. A jetting fluid source is provided in a lower region of the tank, preferably in the bottom of the tank, which directs a jetting fluid in a tangential direction in a plane substantially perpendicular to said longitudinal axis of the tank, to enhance rotational swirling of a created vortex in the bottom of tank when solids are drained therefrom, to thereby reduce deposition and build up of settled solids on the curved interior of the bottom of the tank. A system incorporating a plurality of tanks of such design and a method for removing solids from a solids-containing fluid using a tank of such design, is further disclosed.

Abstract: An underdrain apparatus and a method for manufacturing such apparatus are provided. The underdrain apparatus can be extruded in long sections as a unitary part. The underdrain apparatus may be extruded in various sizes, shapes, and materials. Further, the underdrain apparatus may include a passageway for transporting water to and from the filter media and/or air to the filter media. In some embodiments, apertures are formed in the underdrain apparatus during an extrusion process to provide a path between the passageway and the filter media.

Abstract: A filter cartridge for operatively engaging a spool valve manifold having an ejection cam and an insertion cam. The filter cartridge includes a filter element and inlet/outlet portion in fluid communication with the filter element.

Abstract: The bottom annular end of a vertical collar that extends into the vertical tubular portion of a T-housing and is fastened therein by resilient fingers extending radially outward from the collar, is contacted by a resilient finger of a filter inserted through the collar into the tubular portion, a radially inward extending shoulder in the collar is contacted by the bottom of an annular horizontal plate on the filter, and a liquid level alarm system housing is attached to the outer surface of the vertical tubular portion by a plurality of vertically spaced apart catches or studs received in slots on the alarm system housing, a tapered pipe having a first end fastened to a horizontal exit joint on the T-housing and a second tapered end force fit into an exit pipe of a septic tank.

Abstract: A capacitive sensor system for detecting accumulation of dust in a filter of a HVAC system includes a first conductive mesh, a second conductive mesh, a first filter media disposed between the first conductive mesh and the second conductive mesh, and a circuit configured to measure a capacitance of a first capacitive sensor formed by the first conductive mesh, second conductive mesh, and the first filter media. The circuit further is configured to translate a measured capacitance to a dust level indicator frequency that is used to determine a frequency corresponding to level of dust.

Abstract: A filtration device including a fluid-impermeable housing having a gas inlet and outlet, and containing within the housing first filter media particles of an extended surface area substrate and containing at least one metal impregnant, and second filter media particles of an extended surface area zirconium hydroxide substrate and zinc (hydr)oxide. The device may be used in atmospheres containing various harmful gases, and may provide particularly useful improvements in NOx breakthrough times compared to a device containing only the first filter media particles or only the second filter media particles.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a multiple-compression system and a process for capturing carbon dioxide (CO2) from a flue gas stream containing CO2. The disclosure also provides a process for regeneration of the carbon dioxide capture media.

Abstract: A process for removing acid gases from a water vapor-containing fluid stream comprises a) providing an absorption liquid which is incompletely miscible with water; b) treating the fluid stream in an absorption zone with the absorption liquid to obtain an acid gas-depleted treated fluid stream and an acid gas-loaded absorption liquid; c) directing the treated fluid stream to a rehydration zone and treating the fluid stream with an aqueous liquid to volatilize at least part of the aqueous liquid; d) regenerating the loaded absorption liquid to expel the acid gases at least in part and obtain a regenerated absorption liquid, and directing the regenerated absorption liquid to step b); and e) separating, from the absorption liquid, an aqueous liquid that has condensed in the absorption zone, and directing the aqueous liquid to step c). The process allows for an efficient removal of water accumulated in the absorption liquid system.

Abstract: Compositions for reduction of NOx generated during a catalytic cracking process, preferably, a fluid catalytic cracking process, are disclosed. The compositions comprise a fluid catalytic cracking catalyst composition, preferably containing a Y-type zeolite, and a particulate NOx reduction composition containing ferrierite zeolite particles. Preferably, the NOx reduction composition contains ferrierite zeolite particles bound with an inorganic binder. In the alternative, the ferrierite zeolite particles are incorporated into the cracking catalyst as an integral component of the catalyst. NOx reduction compositions in accordance with the invention are very effective for the reduction of NOx emissions released from the regenerator of a fluid catalytic cracking unit operating under FCC process conditions without a substantial change in conversion or yield of cracked products. Processes for the use of the compositions are also disclosed.

Abstract: An emissions treatment system for an exhaust stream of an internal combustion engine including hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen oxides is provided. The disclosed system can include an exhaust conduit in fluid communication with the internal combustion engine via an exhaust manifold; a first three-way conversion catalyst (TWC-1) located downstream of the internal combustion engine in the exhaust conduit; an SCR-HCT catalyst comprising a selective catalytic reduction catalyst and a hydrocarbon trap downstream of the TWC-1 in the exhaust conduit; and a third catalyst downstream of the SCR-HCT combination in the exhaust conduit, the third catalyst comprising a platinum group metal (PGM) e.g., in an amount effective to oxidize hydrocarbons. Methods of making and using such systems and components thereof are also provided.

Abstract: A membrane envelope comprising a feed spacer, one or more membrane sheets and an adhesive, to give a glue line laminate having a tensile E-modulus of at least 1600 N/mm2 and/or an elongation at break of 13% or less.

Abstract: A porous membrane with a molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) greater than about 10 kDa, and a coating on at least a portion of a major surface of the porous membrane. The coating includes a star polymer having a hydrophobic core and hydrophilic arms, wherein the hydrophobic core contacts the porous membrane.

Abstract: A delay system for a stirring machine includes a plurality of vertical stirring augers, supported to a cross tube, with each auger having a tilt switch. A gear motor is connected to the cross tube and moves the cross tube forwardly around a bin. A delay assembly is connected to the tilt switches and the gear motor. The delay assembly shuts off the gear motor when the stirring augers are vertically displaced and starts the gear motor after a time delay once the stirring augers return to a vertical position.

Abstract: A mixing assembly includes an inlet, an outlet and a mixing chamber, the inlet is fluidly connected to the outlet through a plurality of micro fluid flow paths in a direction perpendicular from the inlet. The micro fluid flow paths fluidly connect to the perpendicular inlet via a transition portion. The micro fluid flow paths are constructed radially inwardly to a concentration area in the mixing chamber. By directing multiple fluid flows to a concentrated area within the mixing chamber at high speeds, the energy dissipated at the point of collision is maximized, which helps to increase consistency and quality of mixing, and to reduce particle size of the fluid in the mixing chamber.

Abstract: Exemplary embodiments are directed to venturi bypass systems that generally include a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet. The systems can include a venturi path disposed between the fluid inlet and the fluid outlet. The venturi path can include a venturi defining a venturi inlet and a venturi outlet. The systems can include a bypass loop connected to the venturi path at a joint upstream of the venturi outlet. The systems can include a separation tube connected to the venturi outlet. The separation tube can extend fluid flowing through the venturi path downstream of the joint at which the bypass loop connects to the venturi path. Exemplary embodiments are also directed to methods of regulating fluid flow through a venturi bypass system.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for increasing the mass transfer of a treatment substance into a liquid flowing in a pipe in a full pipe flow regime has a diversion conduit which receives a portion of the liquid. The portion of the liquid is mixed with a treatment substance and then reintroduced into the pipe at a downstream location through an injection structure. Between the diversion conduit, on the upstream side, and the injection structure, on the downstream side, there are a plurality of flow vanes disposed circumferentially about a cylindrical inner wall of the pipe, where each flow vane extends radially inward toward a central axis of the pipe, extending into the main stream flow of the liquid. Another embodiment of the invention has a flow grid located downstream of the injection structure.

Abstract: An extruder (20) is specifically designed for the production of animal feed products (e.g., aquatic feeds) containing substantial quantities of low-cost fibrous materials, such as rice byproducts, at high production rates. The extruder (20) includes an elongated barrel (22) with a screw assembly (24) within the barrel and an endmost extrusion die assembly (34). The screw assembly (24) includes an inlet screw assembly (42) and a processing screw assembly (44). The assembly (44) includes screw components (50-56) of differential pitch to present a long pitch inlet section (64) and a tight pitch discharge section (68). Materials passing through the screw assembly (24) are successively subjected to high levels of steam injection (STE) followed by high levels of friction and shear (SME), so that the STE/SME ratio is at least about 6/1.

Abstract: An apparatus for performing sonication on liquid samples comprises a rack for holding an array of sample vials, an ultrasonic probe with an arrangement of recesses corresponding to the array of sample vials and adapted to respectively receive and contact an outer surface of a bottom portion of a respective one of the sample vials, and a counter-holder with an arrangement of pushing members corresponding to the array of sample vials and adapted to respectively apply a force to a respective one of the sample vials so as to push the bottom portion of each vial into contact with the associated recess of the probe. The apparatus can be used in a method of preparing a sample for detection of cell components (e.g. cell analyte, proteins, nucleid acids etc.) and applying sonication within certain parameter ranges which can provide a universal lysis method that can be applied to a large variety of cells or organisms like all bacteria, viruses, spores, yeast and mold within the same apparatus and process.

Abstract: A method, apparatus, and system for obtaining a solution from a solid product are disclosed. A solid product is housed in a dispenser. A liquid is introduced into the housing of the dispenser to interact with the solid product to form a solution. To control the concentration of the formed solution, the turbulence of the liquid introduced to the dispenser is controlled and adjusted either manually or on a real time basis to account for varying characteristics of either or both of the solid product and the liquid. The dispenser will adjust the turbulence based on the characteristics to maintain a formed solution within an acceptable range of concentration. The concentrated solution can then be discharged from the dispenser to an end use application.

Abstract: A single-lever mixing cartridge includes a head piece, which accommodates a bottom piece having at least one inflow channel and at least one outlet channel, and a disk control having a control disk that can be displaced via an at least pivotably mounted spindle relative to a passage disk which is arranged in a rotationally fixed manner. At least all inlet channels are provided with at least one lip seal for sealing the bottom piece against the passage disk and/or against a fitting receiving the cartridge.

Abstract: The invention provides a new apparatus (20) and method for producing entirely new types of nanoparticles exhibiting novel properties. The apparatus comprises a vacuum chamber (22) containing a gas and feed means (1) for feeding a liquid jet (26) into the chamber and through the gas. The invention extends to the new types of nanoparticles per se, and to uses of such nanoparticles in various biomedical applications, such as in therapy and diagnosis, as well as in opto-electronics.

Abstract: A process for separating polymeric and gaseous components of a polymer-monomer mixture at a pressure of from 0.12 MPa to 0.6 MPa and a temperature of from 120° C. to 300° C. in a separation vessel is provided. The separation vessel has a vertically arranged cylindrical shape with a ratio of length to diameter L/D of from 0.6 to 10 and an inlet pipe capable of introducing the polymer-monomer mixture into the separation vessel which the inlet pipe extends vertically from the top of the separation vessel into the separation vessel. Further a process for preparing ethylene homopolymers or copolymers from ethylenically unsaturated monomers in the presence of free-radical polymerization initiators at temperatures from 100° C. to 350° C. and pressures in the range of from 110 MPa to 500 MPa comprising such a process for separating a polymer-monomer mixture is provided.

Abstract: The invention provides a composite of silver nanoparticles decorated with graphene quantum dots (Ag-GQDs) using pulsed laser synthesis. The nanocomposites were functionalized with polyethylene glycol (PEG). A concentration of 150 ?g/mL of Ag-GQDs, a non-toxic level for human cells, exhibits strong antibacterial activity against both Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria.

Abstract: Disclosed are a carbon dioxide separating material comprising a polyamine carrier in which a polyamine having at least two isopropyl groups on one or more of the nitrogen atoms is loaded on a support, and a method for separating or recovering carbon dioxide using the carbon dioxide separating material.

Abstract: Articles are provided for absorbing fluids. In embodiments, the articles of the present disclosure are modified to make them hydrophobic, thereby decreasing their affinity for water and similar liquids, while increasing their affinity for other hydrophobic materials, including oil. After use, the articles, in embodiments polyurethane sponges, may have their absorbed materials removed therefrom, and the articles may then be reused to absorb additional materials.

Abstract: The current invention describes methods and compositions of various sorbents based on aerogels of various silanes and their use as sorbent for carbon dioxide. Methods further provide for optimizing the compositions to increase the stability of the sorbents for prolonged use as carbon dioxide capture matrices.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the regeneration of a copper-, zinc- and zirconium oxide-comprising adsorption composition after use thereof for the adsorptive removal of carbon monoxide from substance streams comprising carbon monoxide and at least one olefin, in which the adsorption composition is heated to a temperature in the range from 160 to 400° C. and a regeneration gas is passed through the adsorption composition, wherein the regeneration gas comprises 1000 to 3000 ppm of oxygen in an inert carrier gas.

Abstract: A ceria-zirconia-based composite oxide including a composite oxide containing ceria and zirconia, wherein the ceria-zirconia-based composite oxide contains at least one member selected from the group consisting of praseodymium, lanthanum, and yttrium in an amount of 0.5 to 5.0 mol % relative to a total amount of the cations contained in the ceria-zirconia-based composite oxide, where the ratio of the content of both cerium and the at least one member selected from the group consisting of praseodymium, lanthanum, and yttrium in the ceria-zirconia-based composite oxide to the content of zirconium therein ([cerium and the at least one member selected from the group consisting of praseodymium, lanthanum, and yttrium]:[zirconium]) is in the range of 43:57 to 48:52 by mole ratio.

Abstract: Disclosed is a catalyst composition for inhibiting the deactivation of a catalyst for purifying exhaust gas from a compressed natural gas combustion system, which contains platinum and palladium as precious metal components. Specifically, a catalyst for purifying exhaust gas from a compressed natural gas vehicle or a static combustion system is configured such that a ceramic substrate is impregnated with palladium-impregnated first alumina, platinum-impregnated second alumina, and a ceria component, wherein the first alumina is further impregnated with a cocatalyst selected from the group consisting of barium, nickel, lanthanum, samarium, and yttrium, thus significantly inhibiting the deactivation of the CNG lean burn engine catalyst.

Abstract: The invention relates to templated active material, including those deriving order from organic and/or inorganic templating agents. The invention also relates to methods for producing templated active material, and to active material produced by such methods, and the use of such templated active material for producing oxygenate.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a hydrotreatment catalyst comprising a support, at least one metal selected from group VIB and at least one metal selected from group VIII of the periodic table, the quantity of metal from group VIB, expressed as the oxides, being in the range 6% to 25% by weight with respect to the total catalyst weight, the quantity of metal from group VIII, expressed as the oxides, being in the range 0.5% to 7% by weight with respect to the total catalyst weight, the support comprising at least 90% by weight of alumina, in which said alumina is obtained from a mixed and extruded boehmite gel, and in which the specific surface area of said catalyst is in the range 60 to 250 m2/g.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a catalyst containing a vanadium-phosphorus oxide and an alkali metal, wherein the proportion by weight of alkali metal in the vanadium-phosphorus oxide is in the range from 10 to 400 ppm, based on the total weight of the vanadium-phosphorus oxide, a process for producing it and also the use of the catalyst for the gas-phase oxidation of hydrocarbons, in particular for preparing maleic anhydride.

Abstract: Provided are an ethanol dehydration catalyst having a high ethylene yield even at a low temperature region, as an ethanol dehydration catalyst for converting a feedstock including anhydrous ethanol or hydrous ethanol to ethylene, and a method of preparing ethylene by using the same. In the ethanol dehydration catalyst for converting a feedstock including anhydrous ethanol or hydrous ethanol to ethylene of the present invention, the catalyst includes 0.1 wt % to 0.5 wt % of lanthanum (La) or 0.05 wt % to 1 wt % of gallium (Ga) in ZSM-5.

Abstract: Described are catalyst materials and catalytic articles comprising a metal exchanged SAPO material comprising a plurality of substitutional sites consisting essentially of Si(4Al) sites and substantially free of Si(0Al) sites. The materials and catalytic articles are useful in methods and systems to catalyze the reduction of nitrogen oxides in the presence of a reductant.