Abstract: An optical element assembly includes a base, and an element unit. The element unit includes (i) an optical element having an element central axis and an element perimeter; and (ii) an element connector assembly that couples the optical element to the base, the element connector assembly including a flexure assembly having an element flexure and a base flexure. A distal end of the element flexure is coupled to the optical element near the element perimeter, a distal end of the base flexure is coupled to the base, and a proximal end of the element flexure is coupled to a proximal end of the base flexure near the element central axis.

Abstract: A lithography apparatus includes a radiation source configured to produce radiation having a repetition frequency. The lithography apparatus also includes an optical component configured to guide the radiation within the lithography apparatus. The lithography apparatus further includes an actuator device configured to displace the optical component. In addition, the lithography apparatus includes a measurement device configured to determine a position of the optical component via a measurement signal having a measurement signal frequency. The measurement signal frequency is unequal to the repetition frequency, and the measurement signal frequency is unequal to integer multiples of the repetition frequency.

Abstract: A photolithography method includes producing, from an optical source, a pulsed light beam; and scanning the pulsed light beam across a substrate of a lithography exposure apparatus to expose the substrate with the pulsed light beam including exposing each sub-area of the substrate with the pulsed light beam. A sub-area is a portion of a total area of the substrate. For each sub-area of the substrate, a lithography performance parameter associated with the sub-area of the substrate is received; the received lithography performance parameter is analyzed, and, based on the analysis, a first spectral feature of the pulsed light beam is modified and a second spectral feature of the pulsed light beam is maintained.

Abstract: Metrology apparatus and methods are disclosed. In one arrangement, a substrate is inspected. A source beam of radiation emitted by a radiation source is split into a measurement beam and a reference beam. A first target is illuminated with the measurement beam, the first target being on the substrate. A second target is illuminated with the reference beam, the second target being separated from the substrate. First scattered radiation is collected from the first target and delivered to a detector. Second scattered radiation is collected from the second target and delivered to the detector. The first scattered radiation interferes with the second scattered radiation at the detector. The first target comprises a first pattern. The second target comprises a second pattern, or a pupil plane image of the second pattern.

Abstract: A lithography apparatus includes a detector that detects an original-side mark image and a substrate-side mark image via a projection optical system, and a controller. The detector generates refocusable light field image data that includes the original-side mark image and the substrate-side mark image. The controller performs, based on the light field image data obtained from the detector, a refocus operation of reconstructing a plurality of images different in position in a focus direction and adjusts a position of at least one of the original holder and the substrate holder based on the plurality of images reconstructed by the refocus operation.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure disclose an overlay key including at least two overlay marks each having a first sub-mark and a second sub-mark centro-symmetrical to each other, the first sub-mark and the second sub-mark each including two bar patterns that are perpendicular to each other and have a common end. At least two of the overlay marks are located in different layers. Also disclosed is a method of forming the overlay key and a method of measuring overlay accuracy.

Abstract: To provide an efficient method for producing a negatively chargeable toner in which a carbon black (as a colorant) is well dispersed and which has high chargeability, has excellent transfer efficiency, prevent a white spot and provides an image with sufficient image density. Disclosed is a method for producing a negatively chargeable toner, the method including: a suspension step of obtaining a suspension in which droplets of a polymerizable monomer composition containing at least a polymerizable monomer, a carbon black, a softening agent and a charge control agent, which is a specific, sulfonic acid group-containing copolymer, are dispersed, by suspending the polymerizable monomer composition in an aqueous dispersion medium containing a dispersion stabilizer, and a step of obtaining colored resin particles by suspension polymerization using the suspension in the presence of a polymerization initiator.

Abstract: A toner comprising a toner particle including a resin component, wherein the resin component includes an olefin resin and an olefin copolymer including a hydroxyl group, the olefin resin has a specific monomer unit Y1, the olefin copolymer including a hydroxyl group has a specific monomer unit Z1 and Z2, a hydroxyl value of the olefin resin is not more than 10 mg KOH/g, a hydroxyl value of the olefin copolymer including a hydroxyl group is at least 20 mg KOH/g and not more than 250 mg KOH/g, and a content of the olefin resin in the resin component is more than 50 mass % with respect to a total mass of the resin component.

Abstract: A carrier core material is represented by a composition formula MxFe3-xO4 (where M is Mn and/or Mg, and X is a total of Mn and Mg and is a substitution number of Fe by Mn and Mg, 0<X?1), in which 5 to 20 number percent of bound particles in which 2 to 5 spherical particles are bound together are contained, and in which the absolute value of a difference between lattice constants before and after milling which are calculated from a peak position of plane indices in a powder X-ray diffraction pattern is equal to or less than 0.005. In this way, it is possible to increase the amount of toner supplied to a development region, and even when cracking or chipping occurs in the carrier core material, an image failure such as black spots or white spots is prevented from being generated.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image forming portion configured to form an image with a liquid developer containing a toner and a carrier liquid, a separating device, a first carrier supplying device, a second carrier supplying device, and an accommodating portion configured to accommodate a carrier liquid supplied from the first carrier supplying device and a carrier liquid, in which a ratio of a first substance is smaller than that in the carrier liquid collected from the separating device or no first substance is contained, supplied from the second carrier supplying device. The carrier liquid accommodated in the accommodating portion is capable of being supplied to the image forming portion.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a photo sensor, which is configured to detect a measurement image formed on an intermediate transfer belt, and a controller. The controller includes a first comparator, a second comparator, an XOR unit, and a CPU. The first comparator is configured to binarize an analog detection waveform, which represents a detection result of a measurement image by the photo sensor, in accordance with a first threshold value to generate a first binary signal. The second comparator is configured to binarize the detection waveform in accordance with a second threshold value to generate a second binary signal. The XOR unit is configured to perform an XOR operation in accordance with the first binary signal and the second binary signal to generate an XOR signal.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image former configured to print on a printing paper a plurality of lines that are arranged at predetermined intervals in a main scanning direction and are vertical to the main scanning direction using different photosensitive drums, a scanner configured to scan the printing paper on which the plurality of lines are printed, and at least one processor configured to perform color registration correction using the plurality of scanned image

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a developer, an image bearing body, a charging member that charges a surface of the image bearing body, an exposure device that emits light to expose the surface of the image bearing body to form a latent image, a developer bearing body that bears the developer and develops the latent image to form a developer image, and a transfer portion that transfers the developer image from the image bearing body to a transfer body. The developer includes mother particles containing crystalline polyester resin as a binder resin, and a plurality of kinds of external additives containing silica and having different particle diameters. A value obtained by dividing a flowability of the developer by a weight percent of silica contained in the developer is in a range from 8.6 to 11.4. The weight percent of silica is measured by an energy dispersion type X-ray analyzer.

Abstract: A charging roll includes a shaft, an elastic body layer formed around the shaft, and a surface layer formed around the elastic body layer. The surface layer contains a binder and roughness formation particles, and has projecting sections that project outward in the radial direction farther in the portions in which the roughness formation particles are present than in the portions in which the roughness formation particles are not present. The roughness formation particles are composed of porous silica particles, and the porous silica particles have an average particle size of 5 to 50 ?m, an oil absorbency of 200 to 500 ml/100 g, and a pore size of 5 to 20 nm.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image bearing member, a charging roller, a toner image forming portion, a voltage source, a detecting member, a controller, and a test executing portion configured to execute an operation in a test mode in which in a period in advance of the image forming period, a plurality of test AC voltages having a test peak-to-peak voltage with different frequencies are successively applied to the charging roller and alternating currents are detected by the detecting member. The test executing portion sets a predetermined peak-to-peak voltage on the basis of a specific frequency which is a maximum frequency at which a relationship between the frequencies and the alternating currents acquired in the operation in the test mode maintains linearity.

Abstract: A developing device includes a container that contains a developer including a carrier and a toner; a transport member that is rotatably disposed in the container and that agitates and transports the developer in a rotation-axis direction thereof; a discharge outlet that has an opening in a side wall of the container facing in a direction perpendicular to the rotation-axis direction, the discharge outlet allowing the developer to be discharged to an outside of the container when a height of a surface of the developer becomes greater than a height of a lower surface of the discharge outlet; and a magnetic member that is disposed at a position that is above the lower surface of the discharge outlet and that overlaps the lower surface in an up-down direction, the magnetic member attracting a part of the developer that is lifted up by the transport member.

Abstract: A developing device includes a hardware processor that performs control in which a developer circulation state is switched between a first state and a second state depending on states of the developer in the first and the second regions. The first state is a state in which a developer circulation path is formed in each of the first and the second regions, and the second state is a state in which a single developer circulation path is formed all through the first and the second regions.

Abstract: A transfer device includes a conveyance belt, a transfer roller, a stretch roller, and a cleaning member. The conveyance belt is configured to convey a sheet via a contact position with an image carrier. The transfer roller is configured to transfer the toner image onto the sheet at the contact position. The stretch roller is configured to stretch the conveyance belt at a separation position where the sheet is separated from the conveyance belt and the stretch roller is grounded via a resistance portion having electrical resistance. The cleaning member is provided to oppose the stretch roller across the conveyance belt, downstream, in a running direction of the conveyance belt, from the separation position, and is configured to attract the toner attached to a surface of the conveyance belt upon application of a voltage having a polarity opposite to the charge polarity of the toner.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus, having a photosensitive drum, an intermediate transfer belt located at a lower position with respect to the photosensitive drum to contact the photosensitive drum, a secondary transfer roller contacting the intermediate transfer belt, a first sheet tray located at a lower position with respect to the intermediate transfer belt to store a sheet, and a sheet guide to guide the sheet stored in the first sheet tray to a position between the intermediate transfer belt and the secondary transfer roller, is provided. The sheet guide is located between the intermediate transfer belt and the first sheet tray with regard to a vertical direction and has a curved section. A contact area between the secondary transfer roller and the intermediate transfer belt is located at a lower position with respect to an upper end portion of the curved section.

Abstract: A fuser member comprising a polyimide nanosheet and at least one boron nitride nanosheet.

Abstract: A fixing device for fixing an image formed on a recording material onto the recording material. The fixing device includes a heater contacting an inner surface of the film, a supporting member for supporting the heater, the supporting member being provided in a hollow space, a first portion for preventing lateral movement of the film in a generatrix direction of the film, the first portion being supported by a frame of the fixing device and holding the supporting member, and a second portion opposed to a surface of the heater where the heater contacts the film and elongated along a widthwise direction of the heater, the second portion being provided at the same position with the generatrix direction of the film.

Abstract: A fixing device includes a fixing rotator including a primary portion and a secondary portion disposed outboard from the primary portion in an axial direction of the fixing rotator. A pressure rotator contacts the fixing rotator to form a fixing nip between the fixing rotator and the pressure rotator, through which a recording medium is conveyed. A primary heater heats the primary portion of the fixing rotator. A secondary heater heats the secondary portion of the fixing rotator. A primary temperature detector is isolated from the fixing rotator and detects a temperature of the primary portion of the fixing rotator. A secondary temperature detector contacts the fixing rotator and detects a temperature of the secondary portion of the fixing rotator. The primary temperature detector has a thermal time constant that is smaller than a thermal time constant of the secondary temperature detector.

Abstract: Provided is an image forming apparatus, including: a developer containing unit configured to contain developer; a developer bearing member, which is rotatably provided in the developer containing unit, and is configured to bear the developer; a driving unit configured to drive the developer bearing member; and a control unit configured to control the driving unit so that, when rotation of the developer bearing member is stopped after an image forming operation is terminated, drive transmission to the developer bearing member is turned off after a rotational speed of the developer bearing member is reduced to a set rotational speed lower than a rotational speed of the developer bearing member during the image formation while performing the drive transmission to the developer bearing member.

Abstract: In one example, a printing process includes: forming a first latent image on a photoconductor; applying a first LEP ink to the photoconductor to develop the first latent image into a first ink image; forming a second latent image having a first part on the first ink image and a second part on the photoconductor; and applying a second LEP ink to the first ink image and to the photoconductor to develop the second latent image into a second ink image and form a composite on the photoconductor in which some of the second ink image overlaps some of the first ink image.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a development current detector that detects an actual measurement value of a development current, a development current calculator that calculates a provisional calculation value of a development current based on an image formation condition, and an image-defect determiner that determines whether or not an image defect occurs, based on the actual measurement value of the development current detected by the development current detector and the provisional calculation value of the development current calculated by the development current calculator.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an image forming apparatus configured to execute an image forming operation adequately while reducing a cumbersome work of a user of setting the sheet size. A processor of the image forming apparatus configured to execute a mode where the processor controls an image forming portion to form the image on the sheet even if the sheet size included in an image forming job is inconsistent with the sheet size stored in a storage portion. In such a mode, the processor controls a notification portion so as to give notification in a case where a size detection portion detects one of regular sheet sizes and where the sheet size included in the image forming job is inconsistent with the sheet size detected by the size detection portion.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a cartridge having an image bearing member and a developer bearing member that bears a developer, and a detection unit configured to detect if the cartridge is new. A lubricant of a polarity opposite to a polarity of the developer is coated on the developer bearing member, and if the cartridge is detected to be new, prior to start of an image forming operation, a discharging operation of discharging the lubricant from a surface of the developer bearing member onto the image bearing member is performed. When a predetermined time elapses from a start of the discharging operation and before an end of the discharging operation, a potential difference between a surface potential of the image bearing member and a surface potential of the developer bearing member is set smaller than when the discharging operation is started.

Abstract: A photosensitive drum is rotatably supported in a main body. A developing cartridge is detachably mountable on the main body in a state where the photosensitive drum is supported in the main body. The developing cartridge includes a developing device and a frame. The developing device includes a developing roller disposed in confrontation with the photosensitive drum to supply developer to the photosensitive drum when the developing cartridge is mounted in the main body, and a developer-accommodating portion configured to accommodate developer. The frame includes a waste-developer-accommodating portion configured to accommodate waste developer and supports the developing device that is movable relative to the frame. The frame is disposed on an opposite side of the developing roller from the photosensitive drum. An urging member is disposed between the frame and the developing device to urge the developing roller toward the photosensitive drum.

Abstract: An opening-closing mechanism includes an opening-closing panel that is rotatably supported so as to be movable between a closed position and an open position; an engagement member that is rotatably supported by the opening-closing panel; a link member that is rotatably supported by a rotating shaft provided on the apparatus body; and a guide member that is supported by a support shaft on the opening-closing panel so that the guide member is rotatable in a rotation direction and movable in a direction that crosses the rotation direction. The guide member includes a first guide surface that moves while being in contact with the link member when the opening-closing panel moves to the closed position, and a second guide surface that moves while being in contact with the link member when the opening-closing panel moves to the open position.

Abstract: A developing cartridge may include a housing including an outer surface, a small-diameter gear, a large-diameter gear, a first gear, and a moving member. The small-diameter gear may include a first engaging portion positioned on at least a portion of a peripheral surface of the small-diameter gear. The large-diameter gear may be positioned farther from the outer surface than the small-diameter gear from the outer surface. The large-diameter gear may be rotatable together with the small-diameter gear. The first gear may include a second engaging portion, a first end surface, a second end surface, and at least one protrusion. The moving member may include a contact portion configured to move the moving member from one position to another position in a state where the contact portion is in contact with the protrusion.

Abstract: A developer supply container includes a developer accommodating body configured to contain developer, with the developer accommodating body being rotatable about a rotational axis. A developer discharging body is provided in fluid communication with the developer accommodating body, with the developer discharging body having a discharge opening provided in a bottom portion of the developer discharging body and configured to discharge the developer from the developer discharging body, and with the developer accommodating body being rotatable relative to the developer discharging body. A track is provided on each of opposite sides of the developer discharging body.

Abstract: A developing cartridge may include a housing configured to hold toner. The cartridge may further include a developing roller including a developing roller shaft, a supply roller including a supply roller shaft, a developing electrode and a supply electrode. The developing electrode and supply electrode may be configured to guide an electrical contact of an image forming apparatus in one or more directions. In some examples, the developing electrode and supply electrode may have angled surfaces that extend toward one another.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus, including a casing, a toner cartridge, and a process cartridge, is provided. The toner cartridge detachably attached to the casing stores toner therein. The process cartridge detachably attached to the casing includes a developing unit and a drum unit. The developing unit includes a developer roller and a toner conveyer tube. The toner conveyer tube has a first opening, through which the toner from the toner cartridge is acceptable into the toner conveyer tube while the toner cartridge and the process cartridge are attached to the casing. The drum unit includes a photosensitive drum supporting the toner conveyer tube by contacting a circumferential surface of the toner conveyer tube. The developing unit is pivotable with respect to the drum unit with the toner conveyer tube and the drum unit being slidable on each other.

Abstract: A process cartridge is provided. The process cartridge includes a housing, a rotation member rotatably mounted in the housing, and a support mounted on the housing. The rotation member includes a station unit and a drive unit coupled to the rotation unit. The drive unit further comprises a drive transmission device and an actuating rod coupled to the drive transmission device. The support includes a notch allowing the actuating rod to pass through. When the actuating rod receives an applied force, the actuating rod swings in a plane defined by a longitudinal direction and a horizontal direction of the process cartridge.

Abstract: A drum cartridge includes: a drum frame to which a developing cartridge including a storage medium having an electrical contact surface is detachably attachable; a photosensitive drum; a transfer roller; and a conveying roller. The drum is rotatable about a first axis extending in a first direction and positioned at one end portion of the frame in a second direction. The transfer roller is rotatable about a second axis extending in the first direction and in contact with the drum. The conveying roller is rotatable about a third axis extending in the first direction and separated from the transfer roller in the second direction. A first opening of the frame is positioned between the transfer roller and the conveying roller in the second direction. The electrical contact surface is exposed to an outside through the first opening in a case where the developing cartridge is attached to the frame.

Abstract: A process cartridge is provided. The process cartridge includes a housing, a rotation member rotatably mounted in the housing, and a support mounted on the housing. The rotation member includes a station unit and a drive unit coupled to the rotation unit. The drive unit further comprises a drive transmission device and an actuating rod coupled to the drive transmission device. The support includes a notch allowing the actuating rod to pass through, When the actuating rod receives an applied force, the actuating rod swings in a plane defined by a longitudinal direction and a horizontal direction of the process cartridge.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a multifunctional optical element and method using multiple light scattering. An optical control method using multiple light scattering may include the steps of splitting coherent light into a signal beam and a reference beam, controlling the wavefront of the signal beam, forming an interference pattern by making the signal beam having the controlled wavefront and the reference beam incident on photorefractive materials, recording the interference pattern on the photorefractive materials, reconstructing the signal beam having the controlled wavefront by the interference pattern by radiating the reference beam to the photorefractive materials on which the interference pattern has been recorded again, and controlling the properties of light passing through complex media based on multiple light scattering generated by the complex media as the reconstructed signal beam is incident on the complex media.

Abstract: Provided is a digital holographic imaging apparatus, comprising: an illumination portion (10) having an illumination light emission surface (32i) for emitting coherent light of a specific wavelength as illumination light toward an object (1) side relative to the illumination light emission surface (32i), and a reference light emission surface (32r) for emitting the coherent light, as reference light, in a direction opposite to the illumination light; and an image sensor (50) located on the reference light emission surface (32r) side of the illumination portion (10) and imaging an interference pattern between object light having been modulated by the object (1) and passed through the illumination portion (10) and the reference light of the illumination light, the image sensor (50) having a pixel array (51) comprising two-dimensionally aligned pixels.

Abstract: Provided is a digital holographic image-taking apparatus, including: an illumination portion (10) having a light emission surface (14D) for emitting illumination light toward an object (1), the illumination light having a specific wavelength in a coherent plane waveform; and an image sensor (50) having an pixel array (51) including two-dimensionally arranged pixels, the image sensor (50) capturing an interference pattern generated based on the illumination light having acted on the object (1), in which the following conditional expression is satisfied: 0.0000001<Z2/S<16, where S represents the area of the light emission surface (14D), and Z represents the distance from the light emission surface (14D) to the pixel array (51).

Abstract: A method for retrieving phase information in a coherent diffraction imaging process includes acquiring a plurality of 3D data sets, each 3D data set corresponding to one of a plurality of time states, and reconstructing a 3D image of the object at a given time state using the 3D data set from all of the time states. Each 3D data set is acquired by: illuminating an object positioned in a first position with a coherent beam; measuring a first 2D diffraction pattern using an area detector; rotating the object around a tilt axis thereof to a second position that is different from the first position; re-illuminating the object positioned in the second position with the coherent beam; re-measuring a second 2D diffraction pattern using the area detector; and repeating the rotating, re-illuminating and re-measuring steps such that each 3D data set includes a predetermined number of diffraction patterns.

Abstract: Timepiece movement for a mechanical watch, comprising, arranged on a main plate, a resonator mechanism with two degrees of freedom, and a maintaining mechanism subjected to the torque of driving means comprised in the movement, wherein this maintaining mechanism is a continuous maintaining mechanism, and includes a crank movable about a crank rotational axis, and which includes, on the crank rotational axis, an axial element subjected to the torque of driving means, and, off-centre relative to the crank rotational axis, a crankpin which is arranged to travel on a track of a stiff ring comprised in the resonator mechanism, this stiff ring being movable in the two degrees of freedom.

Abstract: A collet elastically mounted on a staff whose geometry produces fewer internal stresses in particular on the contact points and the vertices of its polygonal shape.

Abstract: Device (400) for selecting a clock function from a rewinding function and m correction functions, m>1, comprising a control member (3), notably a staff, able to select the rewind function by movement of the control member in a first direction and to select sequentially one function from m correction functions by movement of the control member in a second direction.

Abstract: Movement including an escapement mechanism and a resonator including an inertial element subjected to the action of a flexible gimbal and cooperating with an escape wheel set pivoting about a main axis, which includes driving means cooperating in a continuous transmission of motion with complementary means of the inertial element in every angular position of the latter, the flexible gimbal tending to return these complementary means towards the main axis, and including elastic return means about axes orthogonal to the main axis and restricting the mobility of the inertial element in two rotational degrees of freedom, about a fixed position of the centre of inertia of the inertial element with respect to a plate.

Abstract: A timepiece, in which an indicating hand is driven by a motor and high speed processing is required for driving a load other than the indicating hand, includes a main control circuit that instructs drive timing of the motor so as to drive the load, and that is operated by an operation frequency serving as a first frequency, and a motor control unit that generates a drive pulse for driving the motor, and that is operated by an operation frequency serving as a second frequency which is lower than the first frequency.

Abstract: Timepiece movement comprising a mechanism and a spring barrel provided in order to drive the mechanism. The spring barrel comprises a drum and a motor spring in order to exert a driving torque which is variable as a function of the degree of winding-up of the motor spring. The timepiece movement comprises furthermore an equalisation device which is connected kinematically to the spring barrel in order to be able to be driven by it and to be able to exert an auxiliary torque which varies as a function of the degree of winding-up of the motor spring so as to counter variations in the motor torque.

Abstract: An atomic oscillator includes a plurality of components, the components including a light source that emits excitation light, a gas cell in which an atom to be excited by the excitation light is sealed, and a photodetector that detects the excitation light transmitting through the gas cell; and a main part, wherein a part of the plurality of components are laminated in the main part. In a first component and a second component adjacent to each other of the main part, an electrically conductive film is formed on each of side surfaces of the first component and the second component; bonding patterns that are extended from the respective electrically conductive films and that face each other are formed on respective bonding surfaces facing each other of the first component and the second component; and the bonding patterns that face each other are bonded by a bonding material.

Abstract: According to various example embodiments, a wearable electronic device is provided, the wearable electronic device including a metal housing used as an antenna radiator and electrically connected to a communication circuit, at least one metal strap coupled to at least one region of the metal housing, and a non-conductive member comprising a non-conductive material disposed between the metal strap and the metal housing, wherein the non-conductive member electrically insulates the metal strap and the metal housing.

Abstract: In some examples, a system includes a self-retracting lifeline (SRL) comprising one or more electronic sensors, the one or more electronic sensors configured to generate data that is indicative of an operation of the SRL; and at least one computing device comprising one or more computer processors and a memory comprising instructions that when executed by the one or more computer processors cause the one or more computer processors to: receive the data that is indicative of the operation of the SRL; apply the data to a safety model that predicts a likelihood of an occurrence of a safety event associated with the SRL; and perform one or more operations based at least in part on the likelihood of the occurrence of the safety event.

Abstract: An electric motor drive control system includes an electric motor drive control device, a manual command device connected to the electric motor drive control device, a radio that performs radio communication with a telecommunication device that is a radio connection destination, and processing circuitry that sets a radio communication mode in which the radio responds to a radio connection request from the telecommunication device to establish a radio connection, the radio communication mode being set when the manual command device issues no manual command.