Abstract: The present invention relates to a compressive band and hemostatic dressing system and related methods of use to provide rapid, non-occlusive bleeding control, arterial injury treatment, and injury protection comfortably and reliably after vascular access procedures. The present invention may comprise some or all of the following elements: a positioner assembly, a compressive cushion component, a compression plate, a strap with a flexible hinge assembly, and a hemostatic dressing. In a preferred embodiment, the systems and methods are applied to treat and ameliorate vascular injury in a transradial percutaneous access procedure and protect against underlying vascular injury; however, the systems and methods described herein may be applied to any vascular access procedure including arm or leg vascular approaches such as the femoral, brachial, dorsalis pedis or tibial blood vessels in arterial or venous line or sheath removal or trocar removal, and in hemodialysis.

Abstract: A wearable system comprises tourniquets. Each of the tourniquets comprises an inflatable chamber, and is configured to occlude blood flow in an artery of a wearer. The wearable system comprises compressed gas sources in fluid communication with the inflatable chamber of the tourniquets. The wearable system comprises valves. Each of the valves comprises an input in fluid communication with one of the compressed gas sources, and an output in fluid communication with the inflatable chamber of one of the tourniquets. The wearable system comprises fixed pressure regulators. Each of the fixed pressure regulators is in fluid communication with the valves, and is configured to regulate a pressure of the compressed gases delivered to the inflatable chamber of at least one of the tourniquets. The wearable system comprises switches. Each of the switches is configured to operate one of the valves.

Abstract: A rongeur-type surgical device incorporating a powered rotary cutting tool having a protective distal foot plate portion which protects against injuring non-target tissue enabling the rapid and safe removal of specifically-targeted bone, cartilage, and soft tissue.

Abstract: An implant comprises an elongated plate having a first major face and at least one locking screw hole, to receive a locking fastener oriented normal to the major face. The elongated plate has a wall with a flat surface normal to the first major face. A non-locking screw hole is located between the locking screw hole and the wall. The non-locking screw hole is configured to receive a non-locking fastener oriented at an acute angle relative to the locking fastener.

Abstract: When an acetabular cup used in hip replacement surgery is to be affixed to the acetabulum using screws, the drill guide instruments of the invention are used to position a drill bit so that the screw holes drilled in the acetabulum are properly placed for optimum implantation of the acetabular cup. The drill guide is locked into the acetabular cup by spring loaded pins which position the guide over holes in the cup which accommodate the screws. The guide is used to position the drill bits and allow drilling. After drilling the guide is removed.

Abstract: A device for fracturing calcifications in heart valves including an expandable stabilizer and expandable impactor arms assembled on and deployed by a delivery system, wherein the delivery system is operable to move the impactor arms, while in an expanded position, with respect to the stabilizer with sufficient energy so as to fracture a calcification located in tissue which is sandwiched between the stabilizer and the impactor arms.

Abstract: Electrohydraulic lithotripters comprising a plurality of electrohydraulic probes are disclosed. Each probe of the plurality of probes comprise a first electrode and a second electrode positioned at a distal end of the probe such that when the probe is discharged, an electric arc between the first electrode and the second electrode produces a shockwave that radiates from the distal end of the probe. A first probe and a second probe of the plurality of probes may be configured to discharge simultaneously or sequentially.

Abstract: Systems and methods for calibration of a shaft of a surgical tool are provided. The tool includes an elongate shaft configured to be coupled to an electromechanical arm of a robotic surgical system and having an end effector coupled to a distal end thereof, the shaft being rotatable about its longitudinal axis. The tool also includes at least one target associated with the shaft and configured to be non-independently movable with respect to the shaft, wherein a position of the target is detected using at least one sensor disposed such that the shaft is able to move independently of the sensor. The detected position is used to determine a rotational angle of the shaft. This can involve accessing a memory on the tool or the system storing values related to a target position in association with corresponding values of a shaft rotation angle.

Abstract: Various exemplary systems, devices, and methods are provided for resisting torque in articulating surgical tools. In general, a surgical tool can include an elongate shaft having at a distal end thereof an end effector configured to engage tissue. The end effector can be configured to articulate relative to the elongate shaft. The surgical tool can include a cutting element configured to translate longitudinally along the end effector to cut the engaged tissue. When the end effector is articulated, the longitudinal translation of the cutting element along the end effector exerts a torque force on the end effector that urges the end effector away from its current angled orientation. The surgical tool can be configured to have a corrective tension or force applied thereto that counteracts the torque force.

Abstract: A scar subcision devices comprising a first elongated element comprising a pivotal connection to a second elongated element, the first elongated element having a blunt distal end, the second elongated element having a proximal-facing cutting edge at a distal end thereof, the device having a first state wherein the cutting edge is retracted to a location within an outer perimeter of the first elongated element, and a second state wherein the cutting edge is exposed outside of the outer perimeter of the first elongated element and the device transitioning between the first state and the second state by the first elongated element and the second elongated element rotating relative to each other about the pivotal connection are disclosed. Methods are also disclosed.

Abstract: An extended blade of a surgical cutting instrument is provided. The blade may comprise a distal cutting end, a distal non-cutting end, and an intermediate portion that extends coaxially from the distal cutting end to the distal non-cutting end. The distal cutting end may be located outside of a housing of the instrument; the distal non-cutting end may be located at a posterior end of a suction portion inside the housing; and the intermediate portion may extend coaxially from the distal cutting portion, completely through a chamber portion of the housing, and to the suction portion to the distal cutting end. This configuration allows for biological material to be cut and aspirated completely through the disposable blade and housing to a suction source, avoiding contamination and improving instrument sterilization for surgeries.

Abstract: A surgical instrument includes a cutting assembly, an outer tubing, and a flexible torque component. The cutting assembly extends from a first proximal end to a first distal end. The cutting assembly includes an outer cannula defining a cutting window and an inner cannula disposed within the outer cannula. The outer tubing extends from a proximal tubing end to a distal tubing end. The distal tubing end is coupled to the outer cannula. The outer tubing is configured to receive a torque at the proximal tubing end and transmit the torque to the outer cannula to rotate the outer cannula. The outer tubing includes a plurality of first wires and a plurality of second wires each including more than eight wires and less than twenty four wires. The flexible torque component is coupled to a third proximal end of the inner cannula to rotate the inner cannula.

Abstract: This disclosure describes techniques and devices for improvement of surgical outcomes for tissue removal surgeries. A surgical instrument with adjustable and selective resection is described. The disclosed devices and methods allow selective tissue removal.

Abstract: Systems and methods for creating autologous monocuspid and bicuspid valves can include a catheter having a single expandable element or a double expandable element. Once the leaflets of the valve are created, various techniques can be used to fix the leaflets to the vessel wall or to each other, including clips, tissue anchors, adhesives, and heat.

Abstract: An ultrasonic medical treatment probe has a head with a distal-most circular rim extending along an endless uninterrupted perimeter around a broad recess and formed with a series of serrations or teeth. The rim is thin in comparison to the width of the recess. The serrations or teeth preferably extend continuously along an entire circumference or length of the rim. The probe head is provided along the rim with a plurality of notches or openings communicating with the recess.

Abstract: Methods and systems for separating an object, such as a lead, from formed tissue are provided. Specifically, a tissue slitting device is configured to engage patient formed tissue at a slitting engagement point. While the object is subjected to a first traction force, the tissue slitting device is caused to move further into the engaged tissue and slit the tissue past the point of engagement. The slitting device causes the tissue to separate along an axial direction of the length of the formed tissue and releases at least some of the force containing the object. The methods and systems are well suited for use in cardiac pacing or defibrillator lead explant procedures.

Abstract: An instrument manipulator and a robotic surgical system including an instrument manipulator are provided. In one embodiment, an instrument manipulator includes a plurality of independent actuator drive modules, each of the plurality of actuator drive modules including an actuator output, wherein each of the actuator outputs are configured to independently actuate a corresponding actuator input of a surgical instrument without force input from another actuator output. The instrument manipulator further includes a frame housing the plurality of independent actuator drive modules, the frame including a distal end from which each of the actuator outputs distally protrude for engaging the corresponding actuator inputs of the surgical instrument.

Abstract: Disclosed is a fully detachable trocar, comprising: a cannula; a support connected to one end of the cannula; a channel passing through the cannula and the support along an axial direction; an air-inflated structure arranged on the support and communicated with the channel; an air valve for controlling the air-inflated structure to turn on and off; a primary sealing component for sealing when a device is used; and a second sealing component for sealing when no device is used; the primary sealing component, the second sealing component and the support are connected in a sealing manner from top to bottom in sequence, and the primary sealing component can be independently separated from the second sealing component which can be independently separated from the support, so as to provide multiple methods for taking out tissues.

Abstract: The Trocar structure for abdominal surgery comprises a cannula having at one end a guide element provided with a valve for maintaining the positive intracavitary pressure and a shaft having, at one end a head and at the opposite end a tip, advantageously the valve is made of a single piece of silicone and has first elastically deformable sealing means for maintaining the positive intracavitary pressure during the passage of the shaft and of a surgical instrument through the cannula and second elastically deformable sealing means engaging the guide element.

Abstract: A needle employs a three-stair-stepped structure including a front-end small diameter part, an intermediate part, and a large diameter part. The front-end small diameter part and the intermediate part are in fluid communication with each other by a first tapered part, and the intermediate part and the large diameter part are in fluid communication with each other by a second tapered part. The internal diameter of the front-end small diameter part is made so as to be equal to or greater than 0.35 mm based on the allowable deformation level of a cumulus oocyte complex, the outer diameter is made so as to be equal to or smaller than 0.7 mm based on the size of a small follicle, and the inclination angle of the inclined acicular end, and the length is made so as to be 10-25 mm based on the size of a dominant follicle.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to methods and systems to assist in surgery of a joint. The system determines a mechanical property of one or more ligaments associated with the joint based on measurement data indicative of a movement of the bones relative to each other under multiple mechanical loads. The system then determines a predicted characteristic of the joint after the surgery based on a spatial parameter of the surgery and based on the mechanical property of the one or more ligaments and generates an output signal indicative of the predicted characteristic to assist the surgery. Since the predicted characteristic of the joint is determined based on the mechanical property of the ligaments, the prediction is more accurate than other methods that rely on only bone geometries to predict a surgery outcome.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are strut attachments for external fixation frames. The strut attachments provide solutions for frame configurations in which it is not possible to attach a strut at its ends to corresponding rings. The strut attachments may be considered an outrigger type of mechanism that achieves more travel out of completely collapsed struts. The strut attachments, each having a pivot and a hinge joint, allow a strut to be attached on the level of a first ring and extend at least partially proximally or distally to a second ring depending on the frame of reference of the ring system. These strut attachments may be used when the fully collapsed length of the strut will not allow the rings to get any closer to one another than is needed or proscribed. In such cases, the strut attachments allow for even tighter ring to ring distance.

Abstract: A medical implant assembly includes a polyaxial bone anchor having a shank, a receiver, a lower compression insert with planar surfaces for closely receiving an elongate connecting member with planar surfaces and a one-piece closure structure. The connecting member is made from a polymer. The closure structure engages both the connecting member and the insert with the engagement between the closure structure and the insert securely locking the polyaxial mechanism even if the connecting member exhibits creep.

Abstract: Osteosynthesis device, in particular a pedicle screw, having a bone anchor, in particular a bone screw, with a shank and a head, and having a fork head which is U-shaped in a side view and which has two arms at a proximal end area and is formed in one piece, wherein the head of the bone anchor is mounted pivotably on a distal end area of the fork head directed away from the arms, wherein the fork head has, at the distal end area, a receiving opening for the head of the bone anchor, which receiving opening is delimited in the radial direction by spring portions, wherein the spring portions are delimited radially inwards by the receiving opening and radially outwards by an annular groove arranged concentrically with respect to the receiving opening, said annular groove forming a seat for a securing element, wherein the head of the bone anchor is inserted into the receiving opening from the direction of the distal end of the fork head.

Abstract: A receiving part of a bone anchoring device is provided, where the receiving part includes a first end, a second end opposite to the first end, a central axis extending through the first end and the second end, and a substantially U-shaped-recess adjacent to the first end for receiving a spinal fixation element. The substantially U-shaped recess forms two free legs. The receiving part also includes a bore extending from the first end towards the second end and in communication with the substantially U-shaped recess. A groove is provided in an outer surface of each of the legs, where the groove has a first end and a second end and extends in a circumferential direction in an arcuate shape between the first end of the groove and the second end of the groove.

Abstract: Bone anchor assemblies are disclosed herein that can provide for improved fixation as compared with traditional bone anchor assemblies. An exemplary assembly can include a bracket or wing that extends down from the receiver member and accommodates one or more auxiliary bone anchors that augment the fixation of the assembly's primary bone anchor. Another exemplary assembly can include a plate that is seated between the receiver member and the rod and accommodates one or more auxiliary bone anchors that augment the fixation of the assembly's primary bone anchor. Another exemplary assembly can include a hook that extends out from the receiver member to hook onto an anatomical structure or another implant to augment the fixation of the assembly's primary bone anchor. Surgical methods using the bone anchor assemblies described herein are also disclosed.

Abstract: An orthopedic implant kit comprising a lockable poly-axial screw, a tissue dilatation sleeve, a screw driver, a screw extender, a rod, rod-reduction device, a set screw driver a torque limiting device and a screw releasing device.

Abstract: A posterior cervical fixation system including an occipital plate member, a cross connector, a pair of elongated spinal rods and a plurality of polyaxial screws. The occipital plate member configured for fixing to an occipital bone comprises an aperture to receive a bone anchor member to secure the occipital plate member to the occipital bone and at least one rod clamping element dimensioned to receive at least one spinal rod. The cross connector secures the pair of elongated spinal rods to vertebral bodies. The cross connector includes a pair of collet connectors and a cross bar that is configured to secure the pair of elongated spinal rods in a desired distance. Each polyaxial screw has an anchor head associated with a fastening member. The pair of elongated spinal rods is configured to extend along the vertebral bodies between the occipital plate member and at least one of the polyaxial screws.

Abstract: A bone holding device comprising: at least one conformable elongated member having a first portion, a second portion and an intermediate portion therebetween; a rod with at least one transverse passage which opens into at least one of two opposite side faces of the rod, said passage being delimited by inner surfaces of the rod, and at least one compression member, the compression member and said inner surfaces both defining clamping surfaces and cooperating so that the first and second portions of the elongated member can be inserted and clamped between said clamping surfaces. A method using such a device.

Abstract: Tools and techniques are described that are useful for trauma correction of anterior compression, chance, or burst fractures, particularly where the posterior longitudinal ligament and posterior arch anatomy is still intact. The described tools can be used to reduce fracture and provide additional distraction for ligamentum taxis through a posterior approach that is compatible with both open and minimally invasive methodologies.

Abstract: Multi-function driver instruments and related methods are disclosed herein, e.g., for applying a fastener to a bone anchor. In some embodiments, a single instrument can include features for driving multiple different types of fasteners, independently driving multiple different components of a single fastener assembly, and so forth, with the instrument being switchable between multiple operating modes to select the feature needed for a particular function. The instrument can include features for retaining a fastener to the instrument, e.g., during initial insertion of the fastener.

Abstract: Disclosed are a cervical vertebra fixation device using a plurality of screws characterized by comprising: a body having a length extending across at least two bones and including a first end and a second end opposite to the first end; and three or more openings formed in the body for receiving the plurality of screws, wherein the first end has a profile with at least a portion of the body being removed with respect to the horizontal line perpendicular to the length direction to prevent adjacent segment degeneration, and a cervical vertebra fixation device using at least one screw, comprising: a body fixed into a bone; at least one opening formed in the body for receiving the at least one screw; a cover for preventing any escape of the screws inserted; and a cover screw, wherein the cover is movable with respect to the body to allow the insertion of screws while the cover is coupled to the body.

Abstract: Various different porous screws and pegs are disclosed herein, as are methods of manufacturing such porous pegs or screws. The porous screws and pegs, in certain examples, are formed through additive manufacturing and have improved porosity for bone ingrowth. In certain cases, additive manufacturing or another manufacturing technique can be used to cover only part or all of the threads of the screws or pegs disclosed herein with a porous material. Such screws or pegs can have porosity but also threads that are capable of effectively digging into bone.

Abstract: Hydraulic extrusion system for delivering a fluid including drive means, connection means and a delivery unit including a cartridge, wherein the connection means are adapted for allowing the direct connection between the drive means and the delivery unit.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and media for wireless radio frequency lesioning are provided. In some embodiments, a system for wireless radio frequency comprises: a wireless radiofrequency device, comprising: a receiving coil, a plurality of capacitors coupled in parallel to the receiving coil, a first electrode, and a second electrode, wherein a capacitor of the plurality of capacitors is connected between the first electrode and the second electrode, and wherein capacitances of the plurality of capacitors cause the receiving coil to pair with a transmitter at an operating frequency; a transmitter comprising at least one transmitting coil; and a radiofrequency generator configured to apply a radiofrequency signal at the operating signal to the transmitter.

Abstract: A system and method for the safe delivery of treatment energy to a patient, which includes verification of system integrity before, during, or after the delivery of treatment energy and provides several mechanisms for rapid termination of the delivery of potentially harmful energy to the patient when a fault condition in the device and/or system is identified. The system may include an energy generator having processing circuitry to determine if there is a fault condition in the system and to automatically terminate a delivery of treatment energy when the processing circuitry determines there is a fault condition. The method may generally include performing a series of pre-checks, synchronizing a treatment energy delivery to the proper segment of the heart's depolarization pattern, configuring the system for treatment energy delivery, delivering the treatment energy, and performing post-treatment evaluation.

Abstract: An ablating element for use with an ablating system employable within a hollow anatomical region. The ablating element includes an elongated support body having a central axis; and, at least one thermocouple wrapped around the central body. The thermocouple provides a dual function of heating the anatomical region and measuring the temperature of the anatomical region. In a preferred embodiment a number of thermocouples are wrapped around the central body. The thermocouples are serially positioned along the central axis, thus defining segmented portions.

Abstract: A circulation smoke discharging system includes: a circulation smoke discharging apparatus configured to receive setting output information of a treatment instrument apparatus including a treatment instrument, feed predetermined gas, and perform circulation smoke discharging by sucking smoke generated in a body cavity and gas in the body cavity; a pump for the circulation smoke discharging; an input voltage determination unit configured to determine a pump input voltage corresponding to a circulation flow rate of the circulation smoke discharging in accordance with the setting output information of the treatment instrument apparatus; and a circulation flow rate control unit configured to control the circulation flow rate by outputting the pump input voltage to the pump.

Abstract: An electrosurgical device is provided. The device includes a cooled probe, an introducer, and a side port for the introduction of liquid into a lumen defined by an outer diameter of the probe and an inner diameter of the introducer when the probe is positioned inside the introducer such that a distal end of the probe can contact a target site (e.g., the site near/adjacent the tissue to be treated). The side port can be connected to a syringe/other liquid introduction apparatus via tubing so that a liquid (e.g., a therapeutic agent, saline, etc.) can be injected into the lumen and can exit the distal region of the introducer so that it is delivered to the target site. Additionally, the syringe can be removed so that the tubing can serve as a vent during treatment with the electrosurgical device.

Abstract: Electrosurgical instruments with passive articulation and thermal insulation are described herein. Such instruments can provide the advantages associated with passive articulation while protecting tissue and other structures from unintentional thermal damage when an end effector is pressed thereagainst to effect articulation while at an elevated temperature due to use. In one embodiment, such an instrument can include a distal end effector with jaws to clamp tissue, a proximal actuating portion, an energy delivery surface that contacts grasped tissue, and a passive articulating portion disposed between the end effector and the actuating portion. The articulating portion can be configured to selectively permit movement of the end effector relative to the actuating portion in response to external forces acting on the end effector. Further, an outward-facing surface of at least one of the first and second jaws can be covered in a thermally insulating material.

Abstract: A surgical device includes a housing, an elongated shaft, an end effector, and an actuation mechanism. The housing pivotally supports a movable handle between unactuated, first actuated, and a second actuated positions. The elongated shaft extends distally from the housing and defines a longitudinal axis. The end effector has a pair of opposed jaw members that are movable between an open configuration in which the jaw members are spaced apart from one another and a closed configuration in which the jaw members are closer together. The actuation mechanism is configured to transition the end effector between the open and closed configurations as the movable handle is pivoted between the unactuated and first actuated positions and to maintain the end effector in the closed configuration when the moveable handle is between the first and second actuated positions.

Abstract: Surgical tissue fusion instrument and support structure having two gripping structures which are movable relative to each other and which are designed to bring together biological tissue sections that are to be connected to each other, with heat-generating means which are assigned to the gripping structures and, during tissue fusion, cause heat to be introduced in the area of a connection site of the biological tissue sections, and also with a support structure which is held between the gripping structures and, during tissue fusion, is operatively connected to the tissue sections. The support structure has at least one additional physical functional structure for aiding or promoting the tissue fusion.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices for enhancing the efficiency and efficacy of energy delivery and tissue mapping. One system includes a treatment element having a plurality of electrodes and an energy generator that is configured to deliver electric energy pulses to the electrodes in a variety of patterns. For example, electrodes may be arranged in closely spaced pairs. The energy generator may deliver mapping energy to each electrode in each pair individually to map tissue and may deliver ablation energy to the electrodes in each pair together, such that each pair is treated like a single electrode, to deliver ablation energy, such as bipolar ablation energy between adjacent pairs. One system includes at least one concave electrode, the configuration of which concentrates the energy and drives it deeper into the tissue. One system includes neutral electrodes between active electrodes, the energy generator selectively coupling the neutral electrodes to alter the ablation pattern.

Abstract: A medical instrument for enhancing diagnosis and treatment comprising a handle, an ablation probe extending from the handle, a catheter extending from the handle. The catheter defines a lumen and the ablation probe is located within the lumen of the catheter. A port in fluid communication with the lumen of the catheter is configured for connection to a vacuum or fluid source, and application of a vacuum or an injection of fluid creates a consistent zone of permittivity around the ablation probe.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a system with an innovative electrode designed as an RF/microwave antenna as well as methods to monitor/assess biological tissue and perform surgical procedures.

Abstract: A shaft assembly (20) for a microwave ablation applicator which includes a shaft assembly (20) and an antenna assembly (26) located within the shaft assembly (20) is disclosed. The shaft assembly (20) comprises an elongate shaft (22) which extends from a first end (201) to a second end (202) thereof, and which defines therein a hollow inner volume and a longitudinal axis of the antenna assembly, and an applicator tip (24) mounted on the second end (202) of the elongate shaft. The shaft assembly (20) further includes a coolant delivery (80) tube having a side wall which defines an elongate hollow interior (82).

Abstract: A shaft assembly for a microwave ablation applicator which includes a shaft assembly and an antenna assembly located within the shaft assembly is disclosed. The shaft assembly comprises an elongate shaft (22) which extends from a first end (201) to a second end (202) thereof, and which defines therein a hollow inner volume and a longitudinal axis of the antenna assembly, and an applicator tip (24) mounted on the second end (202) of the elongate shaft (22). The applicator tip (24) defines an annular slot (70) with which the second end of the elongate shaft (22) engages. At least part a portion of the second end of the shaft (22) is of a fibre reinforced plastics material having a plurality of elongate fibres (52,56) bound in a plastics material (54), at least some of the fibres (56) extending at least partially circumferentially around the annular slot (70) of the applicator tip (24).

Abstract: A nozzle device (1) comprises a plurality of multi-fluid nozzles (5) and a body (2) with a bore (8). The bore (8) has a laser entrance (82) and a laser exit (81). The nozzle device (1) is adapted to be mounted to a laser medical device such that a laser beam generated by the laser medical device enters the laser entrance (82) of the bore (8) of the body (2) and exits the laser exit (81) of the bore (8) of the body (2). The body (2) houses the multi-fluid nozzles (5) and the multi-fluid nozzles (5) are arranged around the laser exit (81) of the bore (8) of the body (2). The nozzle device (1) allows to conditioning a tissue at and near where it is cut or drilled by the laser beam of the laser medical device. Thus, the nozzle device (1) is particularly suitable for a laser osteotomic device allowing to minimize collateral damages of the tissue when being cut or drilled.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a medical skin wrinkle improvement device using a peak of a laser pulse wave, and more specifically, to a medical skin wrinkle improvement device using a peak of a laser pulse wave, thereby lowering the degree of carbonization of a skin tissue having the laser irradiated thereon, thus enhancing a skin generation effect and shortening recovery time.

Abstract: An end effector assembly for an optical surgical instrument includes a jaw member and a plurality of optical elements positioned within a cavity of the jaw member. The jaw member has a tissue contacting surface. The jaw member has a proximal portion that is configured to secure a fiber optic cable thereto such that a distal end of the fiber optical cable extends into the cavity. The plurality of optical elements are arranged in a staircase-like manner that rises towards the tissue contacting surface as the plurality of optical elements extends distally within the cavity. The plurality of optical elements is configured to direct a beam of light exiting the fiber optic cable towards the tissue contacting surface.