Abstract: Systems and methods for eyewear devices with integrated heads-up displays are provided. In one embodiment, an eyewear device provides an integrated heads-up display in a display area that is elongate and extends laterally across a user's field of view. A display mechanism forming part of the eyewear device can be configured to display visual information in the form of text messages, with no more than a single laterally extending line of text characters being displayable at any particular time. The display mechanism can comprise a partially reflective element carried by an eyeglass lens to reflect towards the user computer-generated imagery projected on to it, the display mechanism further including a cooperating projector assembly housed by a frame of the eyewear device in an overhead configuration relative to the partially reflective element.

Abstract: An optical element includes a plurality of partially reflecting surfaces which are provided in parallel to each other with intervals, reflect a portion of image light and external light, and transmit another portion of the image light or external light; and a light transmitting member which supports the plurality of partially reflecting surfaces, in which the light transmitting member includes an incident plane that enters the image light and the external light, and an emission plane that emits the image light and the external light, and each of the plurality of the partially reflecting surfaces is disposed so as to be inclined with respect to the incident plane and the emission plane, and has a plurality of regions having different reflectances in an inclination direction.

Abstract: Systems and methods that employ a near-eye display system including an optical assembly are described. The optical assembly may include a head-mounted display device worn by a user in which the head-mounted display device adapted to house an image projecting device and an optical assembly. The optical assembly may include, for at least one eyepiece, a first flat filter stack operable to be oriented in a first direction. and a second flat filter stack operable to be oriented in a second direction. The near-eye display system assembly may also include a display panel adapted to receive image content from the image projecting device, wherein the display panel is adapted to be oriented in the second direction.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a head mounted electronic device, including a headphone and a display portion. The headphone includes a C-shaped elastic belt including two coupling ends; two movable members, each being rotatably coupled to a corresponding coupling end along a first axis; and two speakers, each being rotatably coupled to a corresponding movable component along a second axis. The display portion includes a main body, configured to produce and project images outwardly; and two coupling components, coupled to two opposite ends of the main body and each being rotatably coupled to a corresponding speaker along a third axis. Each of the two speakers is configured to rotate along the first axis and the second axis defined by a corresponding movable member, respectively, when the speaker rotates along its respective third axis in response to the movement of the display portion.

Abstract: A head-mounted display includes a display device, a bonding structure connected to the display device, a driving element connected to the bonding structure, and a rotation button connected to the driving element. When the rotation button is rotated, the length of the bonding structure is changed by the driving element.

Abstract: A head-up display includes a display unit displaying images in a display region defined on a vehicle windshield, a vehicle information acquisition unit acquiring vehicle information, a forward view information acquisition unit acquiring forward view information, a display object detection unit detecting a display object for which guidance information is required to be displayed in the display region, a display control unit, and a display form setting unit. The display control unit generates a guidance image indicating the guidance information of the detected display object and displays the generated guidance image over the display object in superimposed manner on the windshield. The display form setting unit calculates an annoyance value indicative of an annoyance level felt by a vehicle occupant when displaying the guidance image in superimposed manner, and sets a display form of the guidance image so that the calculated annoyance value is within a predetermined appropriate range.

Abstract: A fluorescence imaging system including a light source, an optical system, camera and an excitation light filter, the optical system produces a non-uniform fluence excitation illumination beam for illuminating an object and promoting fluorescence emissions, the optical system is positioned between the light source and the object, the optical system modifies the non-uniform fluence illumination beam into a uniform fluence illumination beam and changes the divergence of the uniform fluence illumination beam, the camera has an array of pixels, the camera detects the fluorescence emissions and performs pixel intensity measurements for each of the pixels, the excitation light filter is positioned between the object and the camera and filters out the excitation illumination beam, such that the excitation illumination beam does not reach the camera.

Abstract: A laser beam expander has at least two negative lenses with adjustable collimation. The amount of required motion can be reduced by an order of magnitude over single negative lens approaches by splitting the input lens in two and adjusting the small remaining air gap between the lenses. The change in collimation may be accomplished by heating/cooling (i.e., thermal), mechanical motion (e.g., motors), electro-optical means (e.g., applying or reducing an electric current), any combination thereof, or any other suitable mechanism.

Abstract: A beam transformation element (1) for transforming electromagnetic radiation, in particular laser radiation, comprising an irradiation surface (2) and an emission surface (8). The irradiation surface (2) comprises at least four cylindrical segments (3), wherein each cylindrical segment (3) has at least two adjacent segments. A cylinder longitudinal axis (4) of a first cylindrical segment (3) is not parallel to each cylinder longitudinal axis (4) of an adjacent cylindrical segment (3).

Abstract: A stereoscopic viewing apparatus for use with a SmartPhone including a pair of lenses and a viewer body preferably fabricated at low cost from a single paper sheet. The sheet is provided with a pair of fold lines which define first and second sheet segments separated by a lens mounting segment. The lens mounting segment defines a pair of left and right lens openings for receiving the respective lenses, with the mounting segment further defining features that secure the lenses in place in the lens openings. When in an operating mode, the first and second sheet segments function to position the lenses appropriately for viewing stereoscopic images on a SmartPhone screen, with the viewer being capable of being folded into a compact state for shipping or storage.

Abstract: A flexible touch screen panel includes a thin film substrate including a first section and a second section and first sensing electrodes disposed in the first section and the second section, the first sensing electrodes being connected to one another along a first direction. The first sensing electrodes include a first stack structure in the first section and a second stack structure in the second section, the second stack structure being different from the first stack structure.

Abstract: An optical waveguide, for use a near-eye or heads-up display system, includes an input-coupler, an intermediate-component and an output-coupler. The input-coupler is configured to couple light corresponding to an image that is incident on the input-coupler, into the optical waveguide and towards the intermediate-component. The intermediate-component can be implemented as a Bragg polarization grating that comprises a stack of birefringent layers configured to diffract the light corresponding to the image that is incident thereon into a zero-order beam having one of right handed circular polarization or left handed circular polarization, and a first-order beam having the other one of right handed circular polarization or left handed circular polarization.

Abstract: In an optical components automatic alignment robot, a motorized target moves closer or further from a digital camera being tested or assembled. A light sensor is used to automatically calibrate an ultraviolet (UV) or other light source used for curing adhesive. An automatic surface finder is used to accurately and repeatably find a surface on which adhesive is to be dispensed.

Abstract: A lens moving apparatus includes a bobbin including a first coil, a first magnet facing the first coil, a housing supporting the first magnet, upper and lower elastic members coupled to the bobbin and the housing, a base spaced apart from the housing, a second coil unit, which faces the first magnet and includes a second coil, a circuit board on which the second coil unit is mounted, a plurality of support members, which support the housing such that the housing is movable in second and/or third directions and which connect at least one of the upper and lower elastic members to the circuit board, and a second sensor detecting displacement of the housing in the second and/or third directions, wherein the center of the second sensor is disposed so as not to overlap the second coil.

Abstract: Nosepiece for eyeglass frames, which comprises a plate, an appendage projecting from the plate and comprising a convex portion, and a cup which is fixed to the frame of eyeglasses, is provided with two opposite lateral walls joined together by a connection wall, and houses the appendage. A screw is provided, engaged in first through holes of the cup, having the shank placed to traverse a second through hole of the appendage, the latter being susceptible of rotating with respect to the cup around a first longitudinal axis with the surface of its convex portion in contact and in sliding-with-friction relation with the internal surface of the connection wall of the cup, in order to maintain the plate in the angular position reached around the first longitudinal axis.

Abstract: Eyeglass frames include a face member with a rim and at least one temple frame member connected to the face member. The temple frame member includes an upper perimeter portion and a lower perimeter portion with a slot formed between the upper and lower perimeter portions. A temple overlay is coupled the temple frame member. The temple overlay includes an upper lip and a lower lip. The upper lip is configured to wrap around the upper perimeter portion of the temple frame member and the lower lip is configured to wrap around the lower perimeter portion of the temple frame member. The temple overlay further includes a panel extending between the upper lip and the lower lip such that the panel is exposed in the slot of the temple frame member when the temple overlay is coupled to the temple frame member. The panel may be comprised of a textile.

Abstract: A method of optimizing an optical system defined by at least one parameter, wherein the method includes steps of: a) determining, based on a first image without distortion, a second image with distortion introduced by the optical system, b) simulating human attention on the first image and the second image by using a computational model of visual attention, to obtain a simulated human attention on the both images, c) evaluating an attentional performance of the optical system based on the simulated human attention on both images, d) adjusting the at least one parameter of the optical system to improve the attentional performance.

Abstract: A contact lens structure provides adequate corneal oxygenation while accommodating a relatively thick core with electronic devices. In one approach, an oxygen collection stratum, such as a gas-permeable outer layer coupled with an underlying air gap, collects oxygen from the ambient air. On the cornea-side, an oxygen distribution stratum, such as a gas-permeable inner layer coupled with an overlying air gap, provides distribution of oxygen to the cornea. The two strata are connected via a network of oxygen pathways, such as air shafts through the relatively impermeable core. Thus, the oxygen collection stratum collects oxygen over a portion of the outer surface of the contact lens, which is transmitted through most of the thickness of the contact lens via the oxygen pathways to the oxygen distribution stratum, where the oxygen is distributed to the cornea of the wearer.

Abstract: An electronically controllable eyewear device having a cell filled with a liquid crystal material that can be electronically operated in an auto or a manual mode. The device contains a photosensor for generating a light input signal to trigger an automatic application of voltage to the cell when the device is in an auto mode, one or more switches capable of being actuated in a series of actuation sequences each to select a distinct function, and a control circuit responsive to each actuation sequence and light input signal to operate the cell in a corresponding one of a plurality of functions, including: (i) a first sequence for affecting an ON/OFF function, (ii) a second sequence for affecting a system change from the manual mode to the auto mode, and (iii) a third sequence for changing the threshold value for triggering the automatic application of voltage.

Abstract: An apparatus for determining the diameter of an ophthalmic compensation lens to be mounted onto a spectacle frame, or for controlling the mounting of an ophthalmic compensation lens onto the frame includes: an electronic tablet having a screen; a spectacle frame support having an opening and being suitable for holding the glasses frame in a predetermined position, one surface of the spectacle frame being placed near the surface of the screen; elements for storing at least one graphic image including at least one graphic reference mark associated with the ophthalmic compensation lens and/or with the patient who is to wear the ophthalmic compensation lens mounted onto the frame; elements intended for processing the image and capable of generating a projected image; elements for displaying the projected image onto the screen; and elements for aligning the frame with regards to the projected image displayed on the screen.

Abstract: A display device includes: a first organic layer; display elements over the first organic layer in correspondence with the pixels; an inorganic layer sealing the display elements and the first organic layer; a second organic layer on a part of the inorganic layer; and a touch electrode on a surface of the inorganic layer and a surface of the second organic layer. The first organic layer has a rift in the peripheral area to surround the display area. The inorganic layer includes a concave part over the rift, and extends from the display area to the peripheral area continuously. The second organic layer is on the concave part of the inorganic layer. The surface of the second organic layer on which a touch electrode is put is contiguous to and is surrounded by the surface of the inorganic layer on the concave part.

Abstract: According to an example, a plurality of pixels of a modulator upon which an input light beam impinges may be modulated to apply a first asymmetrical attenuation pattern on the input light beam and to direct a first attenuated light beam from the modulator and a first power level of the first attenuated light beam may be measured. The plurality of pixels may be modulated to apply a second asymmetrical attenuation pattern on the input light beam and to direct a second attenuated light beam from the modulator, and a second power level of the second attenuated light beam may be measured. A difference between the first power level and the second power level may be calculated and a modified peak frequency for an attenuated light beam from the calculated difference may be calculated.

Abstract: Embodiments include a method and associated apparatuses for phase-shifting an optical signal. The method comprises receiving, at a first end of an optical waveguide formed in a semiconductor layer and extending along a first axis, an optical signal having a first phase. The method further comprises transmitting, at a second end of the optical waveguide opposite the first end, a modified optical signal having a second phase different than the first phase. Transmitting a modified optical signal comprises applying a voltage signal between a first contact region and a second contact region formed in the semiconductor layer apart from the first axis. Applying a voltage signal causes an electrical current to be conducted along a dimension of the optical waveguide. The electrical current causes resistive heating of the optical waveguide and a desired phase shift between the first phase and the second phase.

Abstract: A system is provided, the system including at least one integrated optical circuit (IOC) formed from at least one material, and a support-structure configured to support the at least one IOC to couple light between other components. A performance of the at least one IOC is improved by treatment with at least one selected gas.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a shift register and its driving method, a gate driving device and its driving method. The shift register comprises an input module, a reset module, a control module, a pull-up module, a pull-down module, an output gating module and an output pull-down module. The input module can provide an input signal to the pull-up control node according to the input signal. The reset module can provide a first voltage signal to the pull-up control node according to a reset signal. The pull-up module can provide a first clock signal to the cascade node according to the voltage of the pull-up control node. The control module can control the voltage of the pull-down control node according to the second clock signal and the voltage of the pull-up control node.

Abstract: The LCD module according to the present disclosure includes a liquid crystal cell and a mold frame accommodating the liquid crystal cell. The mold frame includes a support supporting the liquid crystal cell in a thickness direction of the liquid crystal cell and a guide for limiting movement of the liquid crystal cell in a planar direction of the liquid crystal cell. The guide includes a corner-part guide disposed to face a corner part on the corner part of at least one side of the liquid crystal cell, and an inner-part guide facing an inner part being a part of the side other than the corner part, and being adjacent to the corner-part guide with distance. A gap between the liquid crystal cell and the corner-part guide is larger than a gap between the liquid crystal cell and the inner-part guide.

Abstract: A display device includes a first substrate, a second substrate, a first polarizer, a second polarizer and a frame. The frame contacts with a first surface and a first side of the first substrate, a second surface and a second side of the second substrate, and a third side of the first polarizer. The frame has a fourth surface and a fourth side connecting to the fourth surface, and the fourth side is disposed corresponding to the second side. In a first direction perpendicular to the first surface, a shortest distance between the fourth and first surfaces is a first distance, a shortest distance between the fourth and first surfaces is a second distance, and a shortest distance between the third and first surfaces is a third distance. The third distance is substantially equal to the first distance, and the first distance and the second distance are different.

Abstract: A frameless display device includes a plurality of display units. Each of the display units includes a display panel including a display surface and a non-display surface opposite to the display surface, a frame formed on the edge of the display panel surrounding the display panel, a backlight module corresponding to the non-display surface including at least one backlight, an image elongated element corresponding to the display surface. Each of the display units further includes a light compensating module. The light compensating module is adjacent to the frame and includes at least one light panel and at least one compensating light. The light compensating module further includes a gap. The gap is defined in the light panel corresponding to the backlight.

Abstract: A touch display device includes: a second substrate disposed corresponding to a first substrate; a pixel array structure disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate; and a color filter structure disposed between the pixel array structure and the second substrate. Herein, the pixel array structure includes: a scan line extending along a first direction; a data line extending along a second direction, wherein the scan line and the data line are crossed; and a first touch signal line extending along the second direction and overlapping with the data line. The color filter structure includes: a first red unit, a first green unit and a first blue unit arranged along the first direction; and the first touch signal line locates between the first red unit and the first green unit or locates between the first green unit and the first blue unit.

Abstract: The embodiments of the present invention provide a direct type backlight module and a display device to reduce the light mixing distance on the premise of obtaining a homogeneous illumination, thereby reducing the thickness of the direct type backlight module and the thickness of the entire display device.

Abstract: A reflective display apparatus is provided, which includes a liquid-crystal-on-silicon (LCOS) display module and a compensation layer. The LCOS display module has a liquid crystal layer. The liquid crystal layer includes liquid crystal cells, each having a beta angle ranging from about 9 degrees to about 11 degrees and a twist angle ranging from about 84 degrees to about 88 degrees relative to the beta angle. The compensation layer is disposed on the LCOS display module for compensating retardation of the liquid crystal layer.

Abstract: The invention provides a display substrate and a manufacturing method thereof, and a bistable liquid crystal display panel, and belong to the field of bistable liquid crystal display technology, which can solve the problem of high transmittance in black state and low transmittance in light state in the conventional bistable liquid crystal display device. The display substrate of the invention comprises a base substrate and a biphenyl polymer layer provided on the base substrate. The manufacturing method of the display substrate comprises: applying biphenyl monomers on a base substrate; and applying an electric field parallel to the base substrate to the biphenyl monomers, so that the biphenyl monomers are polymerized into a biphenyl polymer layer. The invention may be applied to a bistable liquid crystal display device, especially a bistable liquid crystal display device using cholesteric liquid crystal.

Abstract: Provided is a liquid crystal alignment layer of which a constituent member is a compound represented by the general formula (I).

Abstract: There is achieved a liquid crystal display device having a smaller picture frame region and a seal part of improved reliability. A liquid crystal display device includes a TFT substrate having a display region and a terminal region and formed with an organic passivation film, a counter substrate attached to the TFT substrate through a seal part, and a liquid crystal contained inside the seal part. A hole is formed at a predetermined pitch on the organic passivation film of the TFT substrate corresponding to the seal part when viewed on a plane. When the hole is viewed on a plane, a shortest distance from the hole to the hole is four micrometers or greater and 12 micrometers or less at a height of h1=0.9×h2 from a bottom face of the hole, where a depth of the hole is defined as h2.

Abstract: A flat display panel and manufacturing method are disclosed. The flat display panel includes a first substrate, a second substrate disposed oppositely to the first substrate. The second substrate is provided with a material layer having multiple concave slots. Multiple spacers are disposed on the first substrate and facing toward the second substrate. Wherein, multiple spacers include multiple main spacers and auxiliary spacers. The multiple auxiliary spacers respectively face toward regions which the multiple concave slots are located on, and the multiple main spacers respectively face toward regions which the multiple concave slots are not located on. A height of each main spacer and a height of each auxiliary spacer are the same such that when the flat display panel is not pressed, supporting the flat display panel through the main spacers, and when the flat display panel is pressed, further supporting the flat display panel through the auxiliary spacers.

Abstract: An exemplary embodiment provides a liquid crystal display including: a substrate; a thin film transistor disposed on the substrate; a pixel electrode connected to the thin film transistor; a roof layer disposed to face the pixel electrode; and a capping layer disposed on the roof layer, wherein a plurality of microcavities are disposed between the pixel electrode and the roof layer, the microcavities form a liquid crystal layer including a liquid crystal material, a liquid crystal injection portion is formed between the microcavities, the capping layer is disposed to cover the liquid crystal injection portion, and the capping layer includes a light-blocking material and a water-soluble polymer material.

Abstract: A pixel electrode or a common electrode is a light-transmissive conductive film; therefore, it is formed of ITO conventionally. Accordingly, the number of manufacturing steps and masks, and manufacturing cost have been increased. An object of the present invention is to provide a semiconductor device, a liquid crystal display device, and an electronic appliance each having a wide viewing angle, less numbers of manufacturing steps and masks, and low manufacturing cost compared with a conventional device. A semiconductor layer of a transistor, a pixel electrode, and a common electrode of a liquid crystal element are formed in the same step.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device is provided, which includes a transistor including an oxide semiconductor layer, a resin layer, a first electrode layer, a second electrode layer having an opening, and a liquid crystal layer. One of the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer is a pixel electrode layer which is electrically connected to the transistor, and the other of the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer is a common electrode layer. The liquid crystal display device is configured to display an image by a lateral electric field mode.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display panel includes first substrate, active switching device, patterned insulating layer, pixel electrode, auxiliary electrode, second substrate, common electrode and liquid crystal molecules. The patterned insulating layer is disposed on the first substrate and includes a plurality of inner insulating branches and slits, and each slit is located between two adjacent inner insulating branches. The pixel electrode is disposed on the patterned insulating layer and electrically connected to the active switching device. The periphery of the pixel electrode overlaps the inner insulating branches. The auxiliary electrode is disposed on the first substrate and at least partially surrounding the pixel electrode. The auxiliary electrode and the pixel electrode are not electrically connected, and the inner insulating branches partially overlap the auxiliary electrode in a vertical projection direction. The common electrode is disposed on the second substrate.

Abstract: A display device includes: a pixel electrode formed on an insulating surface; a bank that covers an edge of the pixel electrode and at the same time has an opening in which an upper surface of the pixel electrode is not covered by the bank; an organic layer that covers the opening and includes a light emitting layer; an opposing electrode that is formed on the organic layer and the bank; a cap layer that is formed on the opposing electrode; and a hygroscopic layer that contains a hygroscopic agent and that is formed on the opposing electrode in a region that overlaps with the bank but does not overlap with the opening in a planar view from a display surface side.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a display device includes a first subpixel and a second subpixel. An area, in a plan view, surrounded by a first signal line, a second signal line, a first scanning line, and a second scanning line and including a first pixel electrode is a first area. An area, in a plan view, surrounded by the first signal line, the second signal line, the second scanning line, and a third scanning line and including a second pixel electrode is a second area. The first area has a first distance in the first direction and the second area has a second distance in the first direction. The first distance is greater than the second distance.

Abstract: A display panel includes a display area configured to display an image, and a peripheral area adjacent to the display area. The peripheral area includes a pad area in which a plurality of output pads are disposed. The output pads are arranged in a matrix formed having M row*N column (M and N are normal numbers, M is 3 or larger than 3). Each of the output pads has a center of the output pad spaced apart from a center of an adjacent output pad by a distance D in a first direction. Each of the output pads is spaced apart from an adjacent output pad by a gap. Each of the output pads has a center of the output pad spaced apart from a center of an adjacent output pad by a pitch P in a second direction which is substantially perpendicular to the first direction. An equation “P<D/(M?1)” is satisfied.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a photodiode, a first transistor, and a second transistor. The photodiode has a function of supplying a charge corresponding to incident light to a gate of the first transistor, the first transistor has a function of accumulating the charge supplied to the gate, and the second transistor has a function of retaining the charge accumulated in the gate of the first transistor. The second transistor includes an oxide semiconductor.

Abstract: In a plurality of pixels of an electro-optical device, a storage capacitor includes a first storage capacitor, and a second storage capacitor stacked on the first storage capacitor and electrically connected thereto in parallel. In the first storage capacitor and the second storage capacitor, in which the first capacitor electrode, the second capacitor electrode, the third capacitor electrode, and the fourth capacitor electrode are stacked, the second capacitor electrode and the fourth capacitor electrode are each integrally formed in a first pixel and a second pixel, out of the plurality of pixels, and electrically connected to a capacitor line at one point.

Abstract: According to an aspect, a liquid crystal display panel includes an extending portion. The extending portion is metal wiring provided on the same plane as a plane parallel to a surface of a TFT substrate on which a scan line extends in the X-direction, and is electrically conductive metal extending from the scan line. The extending portion partially overlaps a space, but does not overlap an opening area, in the Z-direction.

Abstract: Multi-layer devices comprising a layer of an electrochromic lithium nickel oxide composition on a first substrate, the lithium nickel oxide composition comprising lithium, nickel and a Group 4 metal selected from titanium, zirconium, hafnium and a combination thereof.

Abstract: An optical modulator includes an optical modulator chip configured to optically modulate an optical signal using an electrical signal input thereto; and a relay substrate configured to relay and couple the electrical signal to the optical modulator chip. The optical modulator chip includes a signal electrode and a ground electrode for the electrical signal, formed along a waveguide for the optical signal. One end of the optical modulator chip is arranged to face the relay substrate. An electrode connection portion coupling the electrical signal to the relay substrate by wire is provided at the one end. A distance between a tip of one end of the signal electrode in the electrode connection portion and the end of the optical modulator chip is less than a distance between a tip of an end of the ground electrode in the electrode connection portion and the end of the optical modulator chip.

Abstract: A liquid crystal element includes: a first electrode to which a first voltage is applied; a second electrode to which a second voltage is applied; an insulating layer that is an electrical insulator; a highly resistive layer; a liquid crystal layer containing liquid crystal; a third electrode to which a third voltage is applied; a first boundary layer that is an electrical insulator; and a second boundary layer that faces the first boundary layer with the insulating layer therebetween. The insulating layer is located among the first electrode, the second electrode, and the highly resistive layer, and insulates the first electrode, the second electrode, and the highly resistive layer from one another. The highly resistive layer has an electric resistivity higher than each of electric resistivities of the first electrode and the second electrode, and lower than an electric resistivity of the insulating layer.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a TEOS with a high extinction ratio based on slab PhCs which comprises an upper slab PhC and a lower slab PhC connected as a whole; the upper slab PhC is a first square-lattice slab PhC, the unit cell of the first square-lattice slab PhC includes a high-refractive-index rotating-square pillar, three first flat dielectric pillars and a background dielectric, the first flat dielectric pillars include a high-refractive-index dielectric pipe and a low-refractive-index dielectric, or 1 to 3 high-refractive-index flat films, or a low-refractive-index dielectric; the lower slab PhC is a second square-lattice slab PhC with a complete bandgap, the unit cell of the second square-lattice slab PhC includes a high-refractive-index rotating-square pillar, three second flat dielectric pillars and a background dielectric is a low-refractive-index dielectric; and an normalized operating frequency of the TEOS is 0.4057 to 0.406.

Abstract: A method of generating THz radiation includes the steps of generating optical input radiation with an input radiation source device (10), irradiating a first conversion crystal device (30) with the optical input radiation, wherein the first conversion crystal device (30) is arranged in a single pass configuration, and generating the THz radiation having a THz frequency in the first conversion crystal device (30) in response to the optical input radiation by an optical-to-THz-conversion process, wherein a multi-line frequency spectrum is provided by the optical input radiation in the first conversion crystal device (30), and the optical-to-THz-conversion process includes cascaded difference frequency generation using the multi-line frequency spectrum. Furthermore, a THz source apparatus being configured for generating THz radiation and applications thereof are described.