Abstract: A method for tumor suppression is disclosed. The method includes preparing a chip by forming a layer of electrically conductive nanostructures on a substrate, placing the chip adjacent to a cancerous tumor, positively charging the layer of electrically conductive nanostructures by applying a positive electrostatic voltage on the chip, and reducing size of the cancerous tumor by electrostatically stimulating cancer cells of the cancerous tumor responsive to accumulating positive charges on the layer of electrically conductive nanostructures.

Abstract: Described herein are methods for fluence map generation or fluence map optimization (FMO) for radiation therapy. One variation of a method for generating a fluence map comprises smoothing out nondifferentiable penalty functions and using an accelerated proximal gradient method (e.g., FISTA) to compute a fluence map that may be used by a radiotherapy system to apply a selected dose of radiation to one or more regions of interest (ROI) or volumes of interest (VOI).

Abstract: An example device for trimming a particle beam includes: structures made of material that blocks passage of the particle beam, with the structures being configurable to define an edge that is movable into a path of the particle beam; and linear motors that are controllable to configure the structures to define the edge.

Abstract: An approach for enhancing radiation treatment of target tissue includes identifying a target volume of the target tissue; causing disruption of vascular tissue in a region confined to the target volume so as to define the target volume; based at least in part on the disruption of the vascular tissue, determining a radiation treatment plan having a reduced radiation dose for treating the target tissue; and exposing the target volume to the reduced radiation dose based on the radiation treatment plan.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, the radiotherapy system includes a medical image collecting device, a body surface data collecting device and processing circuitry. The medical image collecting device collects medical three-dimensional image data of the patient at the time of treatment planning. The body surface data collecting device collects body surface data representing a three-dimensional body surface of the patient at the time of treatment planning. The processing circuitry may generate integrated data in which at least one of the medical three-dimensional image data and the treatment target region data included in the medical three-dimensional image data, and the body surface data are integrated into an identical three-dimensional coordinate system.

Abstract: A method for determining geometrical information about a medical treatment arrangement that includes a rotatable treatment radiation source unit is provided. The method includes attaching a phantom to a patient support of the medical treatment arrangement, attaching a calibration module to the rotatable treatment radiation source unit to permit the calibration module to rotate together with the rotatable treatment radiation source unit when the rotatable treatment radiation source unit is rotated, obtaining for each of a plurality of rotational positions of the rotatable treatment radiation source unit a projection image of the phantom and of the calibration module by an image detector, while a part of the calibration module is positioned in a radiation propagation zone between the rotatable treatment radiation source unit and the image detector, evaluating the images, obtaining an evaluation result, and determining geometrical information about the medical treatment arrangement from the evaluation result.

Abstract: A proton beam therapy system with a cantilever gantry system and a moving floor system. The moving floor system includes a flexible moving floor and a track that is disposed vertically and affixed to an external wall. The track includes a lateral portion providing a linear lateral path for the part of the moving floor and non-lateral portions providing a vertical path for the excess of the floor. The non-lateral portions may be located above or below the lateral portion. During rotation of the cantilever gantry and when the beam nozzle is positioned under the patient table, an opening is maintained in the floor through which the beam nozzle protrudes. The opening follows the changing positions of the beam nozzle and moves in the floor plane in synchronization with the rotation of the gantry.

Abstract: A radiotherapy apparatus includes a rotatable drum on which is mounted a gantry arm carrying a radiation source. The arm extending from the drum to a location of the radiation source is offset from the axis of rotation of the drum and oriented towards the axis. The radiotherapy apparatus further includes a mechanism configured to apply a tilt to the arm at one or more rotational orientations of the drum. The rotatable drum is supported on wheels beneath the drum, and the mechanism is an eccentric mechanism within the wheels and is configured to apply the tilt to the arm via the wheels.

Abstract: Ultrasound devices configured to perform high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) are described. An ultrasound device may include HIFU units configured to emit high acoustic intensities. Multiple ultrasound devices may be disposed on a substrate, which may be configured to be flexed so that the direction of emission of the ultrasound devices can be mechanically controlled. Additionally, or alternatively, the ultrasound beams produced by different ultrasound devices may be electronically oriented by adjusting the phases of the signals with which each element of a device is driven. For example, multiple phased arrays of ultrasound devices may be used to concentrate ultrasound energy into a desired location. In some embodiments, the time at which different ultrasound signals are emitted may be controlled, for example to ensure that the combined signal has at least a desired intensity.

Abstract: Use of carrimycin in mycobacterium tuberculosis infection resistance comprises the main steps: measuring the activity of carrimycin in mycobacterium tuberculosis resistance by adopting an absolute concentration method through taking clinical first-line antituberculotics, i.e., isoniazid and rifampicin as controls. The result indicates that carrimycin has obvious superior activity to clinically-separated mycobacterium tuberculosis including drug-resistant bacteria compared with those of the clinical first-line control drugs, i.e., the isoniazid and the rifampicin, and use of carrimycin in manufacturing drugs for treating tubercle bacillus infected diseases are expected to be developed.

Abstract: Disclosed are treatment compositions including a polycarbodiimide together with a carboxylic acid to enhance the quality of keratinous substrates, including keratinous fibers such as hair. In particular, compositions and methods for protecting hair from damage or adverse effects caused by extrinsic and intrinsic factors and for improving the condition of or repairing damaged hair are disclosed.

Abstract: Natural haircare ingredient composition and haircare compositions containing such natural haircare ingredient compositions are provided. In one novel aspect, the natural hair ingredient composition is provided which comprises candida Krusei mediated bio-modification of marine organism and plants including bio-modified natural marine surfactants, three-dimensional molecular framework, and natural mineral salts. In one embodiment, the natural surfactants are produced from natural marine organisms such as brown algae, sea kelp, sponge, brown seaweeds, and red seaweeds by candida Krusei mediated bio-modification. In another novel aspect, a haircare composition comprises about 10% of the natural haircare ingredient composition, by weight of the haircare composition. In one novel aspect, Candida Krusei bio-modification process is used. Natural polymeric compounds in the marine plants are modified during the process resulting in three-dimensional molecular framework.

Abstract: Disclosed are compositions and agents for treating keratinous fibers including a polycarbodiimide compound in various combinations with a carboxylic acid, an amine and a carboxysilicone polymer in order to improve the quality of the keratinous fibers such as hair. In particular, agents, kits, and methods for imparting protection to hair and/or minimizing hair damage caused by extrinsic and intrinsic factors and for improving the condition of or repairing damaged hair are disclosed.

Abstract: A method for administering improved hygiene services and a botanical and biomimetic treatment of dental and periodontal conditions include applying an aerosol spray botanical composition to a patient's oral cavity, pre-treating instruments with clove oil, brushing with a herbal oil-infused brush to massage the patient's teeth and gums, which massaging tightens the gum tissue. Another method comprises rinsing a patient's oral cavity with one of a solution of sea salt or an oil pulling mouthwash, brushing the teeth and gums with a brush to which at least one herbal oil has been applied, flossing the teeth and gums, applying an aerosol spray to a quadrant of the patient's oral cavity, said oral spray preferably comprising a botanical composition such as a herbal oil or oils, and massaging the gums with the oil or oils.

Abstract: A device includes a ring connection element having an opening configured to removably connect with a ring device, and a self-retracting device (SRD) attachment port integrated with the ring connection element.

Abstract: A fall arrest anchor for minimizing risk of falls and multiple configurations appropriate to different specific construction situations is provided. The fall arrest anchor comprises a dual anchor having an open first end and an open second end with the open first end being opposite the open second end. An amount of cast concrete completely encases the dual anchor between the first end and the second end. An upper fall arrest attachment is releasably securable within the open first end of the dual anchor. A lower fall arrest attachment is releasably securable within the open second end of the dual anchor. The dual anchor allows for sequential placement on a perimeter of elevated surfaces either as tie-offs or for holding static perimeter lines, mitigating risks of work on leading edges in general and on high rise roof tops with low parapet walls.

Abstract: Fireworthy sealants may be have a variety of compositions and be made by a variety of techniques. In certain implementations, a fireworthy sealant may include a body comprised of a cured, tacky, soft, deformable non-adhesive gel. The gel body may have an upper surface, a lower surface, and a perimeter, wherein the upper and lower surfaces of the gel body, in an uncompressed state, define a body thickness. The sealant may, in an uncompressed state, be dimensioned to fit in a first opening between a wall and an aircraft component surface and deformable when under compression to fit in a second opening, smaller than the first opening. The sealant may be flame retardant and produce low smoke density and low smoke toxicity.

Abstract: A safety handle of a fire extinguisher according to the present invention comprises: a lower handle which is coupled to an upper end of a valve and has a first hinge shaft at one end thereof and a first support shaft parallel to the first hinge shaft at a point spaced apart from the first hinge shaft; an upper handle which is coupled to the lower handle to be rotatable around the first hinge shaft, downwardly rotates around the first hinge shaft so as to push an open pin of the fire extinguisher, and is provided with a second support shaft parallel to the first hinge shaft at one point; a safety pin for preventing the upper handle from rotating; a first link having a first end of a length direction coupled to the first support shaft to be rotable around the first support shaft; a second link having a first end of a length direction coupled to the second support shaft to be rotatable around the second support shaft; and a second hinge shaft to which a second end opposite to the first end of the first link and

Abstract: A portable fire extinguisher is disclosed which includes a cylinder for storing a pressurized fire extinguishing agent and has a neck portion defining an outlet, and a flexible hermetic seal supported across the outlet of the cylinder, wherein the flexible hermetic seal is adapted and configured to transition between: an unexpanded condition corresponding to an unpressurized cylinder; an expanded condition corresponding to a pressurized cylinder; and a bursted condition corresponding to an opened cylinder.

Abstract: A hydro fire mitigation system is provided that is associated with a structure. The system employs a number of sensors that detect an oncoming fire, which directs a controller to initiate fluid flow through a number of sprinklers. The system is fully autonomous and does not require municipal water or power during use.

Abstract: A vortex water generator forms a vortex water flow for passing arc discharge. The vortex water flow generator includes a cylindrical portion configured to form a vortex water flow along an inner circumference; first middle partition and second middle partition protruding from the inner circumference of the cylindrical portion, a rear partition formed in a rear end side of the cylindrical portion, and a front partition provided in a front end side of the cylindrical portion. Each partition has an opening to include a center axis line position of the cylindrical portion. Each opening has a different opening shape in size. The middle partition and the front partition have negative electrode side surfaces formed by tapered surfaces receding from the negative electrode as close to the center axis line. Arc-shaped beveled portions are formed between the tapered surfaces and inner circumferential surfaces of the openings.

Abstract: An apparatus for suspension training may include at least one supporting strap and at least one moveable handle, wherein the moveable handle further includes a first and second end and the first and second ends further include an engageable locking means and the engageable locking means are in communication with the support strap. In this way the position of the moveable handles may be easily adjusted, increasing the convenience of moving the moveable handles to undertake different exercises using the training or exercise device.

Abstract: A suspension training based functional fitness element (11, 31) comprising: an essentially planar element (22) having an upper edge, a lower edge and two side edges, said planar element (22) being designed to form a pivotable connection to a support element (32) along said upper edge of the planar element (22), a first elongated element (23, 32, 52) connected to said planar element (22) at a first connection point at said lower edge of the planar element (22), a second elongated element (23, 32, 52) connected to said planar element (22) at a second connection point at said lower edge of the planar element (22), and a first and second handle (24), said first and second handle (24) being connected to said first and second elongated elements (23) respectively, whereby that said first and second connection points are arranged such that there is a horizontal offset between the first and second connection points and such that there is a vertical offset between the first connection point and the pivotable connection

Abstract: Disclosed is an shoulder end range of motion improving device is comprising a linkage, the linkage including, a first link member, a second link member supported on the first link member, the second link member configured for being secured to an arm of a patient and being rotatable about a second link axis for rotating the arm of the patient about a shoulder joint of the patient through an arm range of motion, the second link axis being displaceable into a selectable fixed position and maintaining the fixed position during rotation of the second link member, an actuator for rotating the second link member about the second link axis, and a controller controlling the actuator for selectively rotating the second link member about the second link axis through the arm range of motion.

Abstract: A lightweight portable device allows a user to accomplish both the exercises of a functional cable machine and a bodyweight suspension trainer. The device can include at least one non-elastic cord or strap, each retractably attached to a reel. The reel has a locking mechanism and a variable resistance mechanism. When the locking mechanism is engaged, it keeps the strap or cord in a fixed location. This allows the user to perform bodyweight suspension training exercises. The variable resistance mechanism of the reel can increase or decrease the amount of force that is needed to be applied to move the reel, thus giving the user the ability to perform the variable resistance exercises of a functional cable machine. The resistance mechanism can be designed as compact and lightweight, thus making the device able to be portable and compact in size.

Abstract: The Power Arc Exercise Device is a portable, lightweight exercise device that strengthens the muscles used in sports requiring strong rotation of the body. Examples of sports that require strong rotation of the trunk and hips include baseball batting, golf and tennis. The Power Arc Exercise Device uniquely exercises the exact muscles used to produce rotation. The Power Arc Exercise Device also provides resistance to the muscles of rotation in an optimum direction. The optimum direction of resistance for any exercise device is a ninety degree angle to the direction of the body's movement. Exercise bands provide linear resistance only to movement that is in a rotary direction and as such do not provide effective resistive exercise.

Abstract: A weight apparatus includes a handle, first and second anchorages mounted to first and second ends of the handle, respectively, the handle and the first and second anchorages having an axially extending opening, first and second rods axially movable inside the axially extending opening and adapted to be moved axially relative to the axially extending opening in opposite directions upon rotation of first and second pinion gears in the first and second anchorages, respectively, that engage with first and second racks on the first and second rods, respectively, and a lock having a locked condition in which rotation of the first and second pinion gears is prevented and an unlocked condition in which rotation of the first and second pinion gears is permitted.

Abstract: A barbell includes a grip unit, a support unit and a carrier unit. The grip unit includes two frames spaced apart from each other along a first direction, and a grip rod connected between the frames and configured to be gripped by a user's hand. The support unit includes at least one support member that is connected between the frames, that is spaced apart from the grip rod along a second direction transverse to the first direction, and that is configured to abut against a user's forearm. The carrier unit includes two hanging rods extending outwardly and respectively from the frames and located between the grip rod and the at least one support member.

Abstract: A resistance harness that allows 360° of resistance around the body. The strap design allows rings to slide from anterior to posterior or medial to lateral. The rings enable concentric, eccentric, or isometric resistance. This sliding ability allows for resistance to be constant in one direction or changeable. As the ring slides under tension, the muscular recruitment needed to resist will change as the force angle of the ring slides and changes position around the body.

Abstract: Methods and devices relating to a rowing handle including a grip portion and two members that are formed or attached on opposite sides of the grip portion relative to center of the grip portion and each member having a hook shape. In some implementations, the hook shape of the first member is formed in a first direction relative to a grip axis defined by the grip portion, and the hook shape of a second member is formed in a second opposite direction that the hook shape of the first member. In some implementations the hook shape of the first member and the hook shape of the second member are formed in a same direction relative to the grip axis.

Abstract: A fitness garment that includes any of the following structures. An exercise vest having a plurality of vest attachments, each of the plurality of vest attachments being configured to couple to an external force structure. A wrist strap having a plurality of wrist strap attachments, each of the plurality of wrist strap attachments being configured to couple to the external force structure. Exercise pants having a plurality of pants attachments, each of the plurality of pants attachments being configured to receive the external force structure. An ankle strap having a plurality of ankle strap attachments, each of the plurality of ankle strap attachments being configured to couple to the external force structure. In addition, the external force structure may be used to couple any of the structures to each other.

Abstract: An ergonomic yoga device for evenly distributing the weight of a user across a handgrip contoured to relieve stress on the palm and wrist of a yogi comprising: two V-shaped legs interconnected with a bar declined toward a distal end, and a handgrip defining an annual recess and a laterally-cantilevered bulbous rest.

Abstract: An exercise apparatus includes a frame adapted to be rested on a floor surface, a crank mechanism that has two cranks mounted on the frame, two swing members pivotally mounted on the frame, two connecting assemblies, and a guiding device. Each of the two connecting assemblies has a plurality of connecting rods connecting the respective crank and the respective swing member. The two connecting assemblies define two pedal portions for supporting a user's feet, and up-and-down movement of the pedal portions causes rotation of the two cranks along a circular path. The guiding device is configured to connect the two swing members for guiding swing movement of the two swing members within a predetermined swing range. The predetermined swing range is adjustable so as to provide various exercise paths.

Abstract: Split-crank pedaling devices and methods of operation support patient use and rehabilitation, particularly for stroke patients. A split-crank pedaling device includes first and second crank assemblies. First and second motors are operably connected to the first and second crank assemblies. A first shaft sensor produces an indication of a position of the shaft of the first crank assembly. A second shaft sensor produces an indication of a position of the shaft of the second crank assembly. A controller is communicatively connected to the first and second motors and the first and second shaft sensors and calculates a phase error between the positions of the first and second shafts and a predetermined phase relationship between the first and second shafts. The controller operates at least one of the first motor or the second motor to provide a supplemental torque to one of the first crank assembly and the second crank assembly.

Abstract: An exercise apparatus comprising: a foot support, a user interface that includes a visual display, the foot support being movable by the user on the frame back and forth through any one of a plurality of complete, reproducible and different arc segments of a master arcuate path, the foot support being interconnected to a selection device that enables the user to select any one of the plurality of arc segments, one or more detectors adapted to detect one or more of force, energy or power exerted by the user over time on the foot support or distance or velocity of travel of the foot support or resistance assembly during the course of the user's performance of all or a portion of an exercise cycle, the visual display displaying a visually recognizable format of one or more of the force, energy, power, distance, time or velocity.

Abstract: A two-handed crank action exercise device includes a crank mechanism that is supported at a spaced elevation above ground level, and features a crank arm radiating outwardly away from a rotational axis and a hand grip carried on the crank arm at a radial distance from the rotational axis for manual grasping by a user to drive rotation of the crank arm. An adjustable resistance mechanism is coupled to the crank mechanism to provide an adjustable amount of resistance to said crank mechanism. The hand grip is of sufficient length to enable simultaneous manual grasping thereof by both hands of said user for two-handed operation of said crank mechanism.

Abstract: A positive exhalation pressure device increases the pressure gradient in the airways, thereby increasing oxygen saturation levels and decreasing the severity of hypoxia. Various embodiments of the device may be inserted into the nasal and/or oral cavities, or configured as mask devices covering the nasal and/or oral cavities. In some embodiments, the resistance of the device may be varied.

Abstract: Example implementations are directed to a method of managing player performance data and player evaluation data for a plurality of players. According to an example embodiment, a processor operatively coupled to the memory, wherein the processor is configured to: manage a plurality of player profiles, wherein a player profile of the plurality of player profiles is associated with multimedia content, and wherein the player profile is linked with a primary account and one or more secondary accounts; receive input from the one or more secondary accounts linked with the player profile; update the player profile in view of the input; generate a player report based on the updated player profile; and provide the player report to at least the primary account linked to the player profile.

Abstract: A pitch count system monitors pitch count data for baseball and softball pitchers so that coaches, officials and team administrators can know when a team's pitcher is approaching or has reached pitch count limits. The system may register information upon game completion and/or enable live updating during game play, and may make updated pitch count information available to each team. The system may allow coaches to view their opponents' reports so that coaches can know who is not eligible to pitch against them on a certain day, or after a certain point in time as a game progresses. Further, the system may provide leagues and governing associations with an oversight mechanism to ensure that teams are adhering to the prescribed pitch count regulations.

Abstract: An underwater propulsion system is disclosed comprising a foot board with one or more battery-powered propulsion units. A throttle control system may be enabled in the foot board such that a movement of the user's foot controls the throttle. Flattened Lithium batteries allow thin lightweight construction of the foot board. Use of trolling motors as propulsion units provides thrust advantages over pre-existing underwater scooters.

Abstract: Golf ball having CoR of at least 0.700 and Atti compression of at least about 50 and comprising layer consisting of mixture of thermoset or thermoplastic composition and plurality of particulates, at least a portion surface-treated with alkoxylated siloxanes and/or polyether-modified siloxanes, and may be selected from titanium dioxide particles, barium sulfate particles, zinc sulfide particles, and/or zinc oxide particulates. At least some particulates are contacted with compound having the formula: Compound (I) may be included in amount of 0.01 to 2% by weight based on total weight of portion of plurality being contacted. The plurality may be included in mixture in amount such that layer has specific gravity of from 0.5 to about 10.0, tensile strength of from about 300 psi to about 50,000 psi, and elongation at break of from about 20% to about 1000%, each being greater than that of the thermoset or thermoplastic composition portion of the mixture.

Abstract: To provide a golf ball that can prevent a decrease in carry distance of a driver shot when it rains and also, can exert excellent spinning performance upon an approach shot. The golf ball of the present invention includes a core, a cover that is provided on an outer side of the core and has dimples, and an outermost layer that is formed on an outer side of the cover and made of a material having a contact angle of 90° or more, the golf ball having a dynamic friction coefficient of 0.52 or more. The cover may be formed of thermoplastic polyurethane having hardness of 55 or more in terms of Shore D Hardness. The outermost layer may be formed of a urethane coating containing a water repellent additive, as a main component.

Abstract: To provide a golf ball that can prevent considerable decrease in carry distance of a driver shot when it rains and also can more reliably prevent adhesion of dirt, etc. to the surface of the golf ball. The golf ball of the present invention includes a core, a cover that is provided on an outer side of the core and has dimples, and an outermost layer that is formed on an outer side of the cover and made of a material having a contact angle of 90° or more and a dynamic contact angle of 85° or less. The golf ball may have a dynamic friction coefficient of 0.48 or less. The cover may be formed of a material having hardness of 48 or more in terms of Shore D Hardness. The outermost layer may be formed of a urethane coating containing a water repellent additive, as a main component.

Abstract: Low compression, multi-piece golf balls containing a solid core and two or three-layered cover assemblies are provided. Preferably, the ball has a compression of less than 60 and more preferably less than 50. At least one cover layer is made of a plasticized thermoplastic composition. For example, two-layered and three-layered covers may be made. Preferably, the plasticized thermoplastic composition comprises: a) ethylene acid copolymer, b) plasticizer, and c) cation source. A fatty acid ester such as ethyl oleate or butyl oleate is preferably used as the plasticizer. The cover assembly has good impact durability and helps provide the ball with relatively high resiliency at given compressions.

Abstract: A modified elastic gym ball includes a hollow spherical body, a plurality of first polygonal column bumps and a plurality of second polygonal column bumps. The hollow spherical body has an outer surface. The plurality of first polygonal column bumps and the plurality of second polygonal column bumps are individually protruded from the outer surface by a first protrusive height and a second protrusive height different from the first protrusive height, respectively.

Abstract: An adjustable interchangeable golf club with a faceplate-based platform to receive components for enhancing and controlling various aspects that control the golf ball flight and spin characteristics. Disclosed are components for adjusting loft and bounce angle, and interchangeable faceplate and rear flange styles. Novel milled surface roughness for enhanced spin control is disclosed along with new milling methods for achieving optimal surface roughness. Lightweight hosel and consequent redistribution of mass in club head greatly increases the inertia of the golf club. Centrally located hosel position aids in club head stability on off-center hits. This results in a golf club that hits the ball higher, straighter, longer, and with increased ball spin characteristics.

Abstract: In general, aspects of this invention relate to blade-type iron golf clubs or golf club heads. The blade-type golf club head may comprise a body forged of a metal material. The body may include a hosel, a top surface, a sole, a heel, a toe, a ball striking surface, and a rear surface opposite the ball striking surface. The rear surface may have an upper blade portion and a lower muscle portion with the upper blade portion separated from the lower muscle portion by a blade interface. An average height of the lower muscle portion from the ball striking centerline to the toe-side boundary line may be approximately twice an average height of the lower muscle portion from the heel-side boundary line to the ball striking centerline. The mass distribution of the lower muscle portion moves the center of gravity of the club head closer to the face center location.

Abstract: An aerodynamic golf club head having a crown section that imparts beneficial aerodynamic properties due in part to the location of a crown apex and the curvature of the crown section.

Abstract: A ball striking device, such as a golf club head, includes a face having a ball striking surface, an inner surface opposite the ball striking surface, and a thickness defined between the ball striking surface and the inner surface, and a body connected to the face and extending rearward from the face. The face has a modulus gradient across the thickness of the face, such that the modulus of the face varies at different distances from the ball striking surface. The face may also include at least one of an insert, a composite material, a multi-layered structure, and/or a portion treated by a surface treatment to contribute to the modulus gradient.

Abstract: The invention relates to a golf putter with a club head (1), a shaft (2) attached in the club head (2) and a handle and is characterized in that the club head (1) is formed of a transparent material. The transparency is present between the hitting side (3) of the club head (1) and the rear side (4) of the club head (1), which is opposite to the hitting side.