Abstract: There is provided a steel material containing by wt %: 0.10 to 0.25% of carbon; 0.05 to 0.50% of silicon; 1.0 to 2.0% of manganese; 0.005 to 0.1% of aluminum; 0.010% or less of phosphorous; 0.0015% or less of sulfur; 30 to 70 ppm of nitrogen; 0.001 to 0.03% of titanium; 0.02 to 0.50% of copper; 0.05 to 0.50% of nickel; 0.0005 to 0.0040% of calcium; 0.001 to 0.03% of niobium; 0.001 to 0.03% of vanadium; one or two of 0.01 to 0.20% of chromium and 0.05 to 0.15% of molybdenum; and the balance being Fe and other unavoidable impurities, wherein a microstructure of the steel material contains at least 40 vol % of air-cooled bainite, and the balance being ferrite, and Nb(C,N) carbonitrides having a diameter of 5 to 30 nm are contained in the steel material in a content of 0.01 wt % or more.

Abstract: An ultrasonic strengthening method for improving the fatigue life of a metal work-piece and its application, by clamping the metal work-piece on the ultrasonic machining lathe, ultrasonic machining of the surface of the metal work-piece with ultrasonic machining tool. The present invention focuses on presetting the compressive stress on the surface of the metal work-piece by adjusting the pressure of the ultrasonic machining tool on the surface of the metal work-piece, to eliminate the residual stress and to improve the fatigue life of the work-piece eventually. Meanwhile, the present ultrasonic strengthening method can refine the surface grain of the metal work-piece, improve the surface microhardness, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance of the surface of the metal work-piece, eventually to improve the fatigue life of the metal work-piece.

Abstract: The present method for manufacturing a high strength steel sheet having a tensile strength of 780 MPa or higher includes continuous annealing by heating a steel sheet having a predetermined chemical composition to 750° C. to 900° C. and holding the steel sheet in the temperature range for 0 seconds to 300 seconds, in which, during heating and holding, a hydrogen concentration in a furnace atmosphere is less than 10 volume %, when a temperature of the steel sheet is 700° C. or lower, a furnace body average value is higher than ?3.01 and lower than ?0.07, when the temperature is higher than 700° C. and 800° C. or lower, the value is higher than ?1.36 and lower than ?0.07, when the temperature is higher than 800° C., the value is higher than ?3.01 and ?0.53 or lower, and a dew point is lower than ?10° C.

Abstract: The agent for selective metal recovery of the present invention includes a material derived from an alga belonging to the order Cyanidiales, which is dead cells or a cell surface layer of an alga belonging to the order Cyanidiales, or an artificial material produced by simulating the cell surface layer, or includes a porphyrin. The metal recovery method of the present invention includes an addition step of adding a material derived from an alga belonging to the order Cyanidiales, which is dead cells or a cell surface layer of an alga belonging to the order Cyanidiales, or an artificial material produced by simulating the cell surface layer, or adding a porphyrin, to a metal solution; and a recovery step of recovering a metal from the metal solution by the material derived from an alga belonging to the order Cyanidiales or the porphyrin.

Abstract: In the disclosure, a method for recycling a material is disclosed, the method including: carrying out a first pass operation, wherein the first pass operation includes preparing an E-waste material and a solid oxide material, wherein the E-waste material includes Fe and Si, blending the E-waste material with fluxing agents, feeding a furnace with the blended E-waste material and the solid oxide material, and carrying out smelting the blended E-waste material and the solid oxide material to obtain a slag including iron oxide and a molten metal including copper.

Abstract: A process for nickel concentration and extraction from non-sulfidic iron-bearing nickeliferous resources is disclosed. The process includes an atmospheric acid-based leaching treatment of the non-sulfidic iron-bearing nickeliferous resources by oxalic acid to produce a nickel concentrate comprising distinct nickel oxalate particles. The nickel concentrate is technically amenable to further chemical and physical processing to obtain various high-grade nickel products.

Abstract: Methods of recovering lithium from a lithium source or a lithium-containing material using low pH solutions and membrane technologies to purify and concentrate the recovered lithium. The lithium sources may include a spent lithium-ion battery/cell, a lithium-containing mineral deposit, or other lithium containing materials. The processes described herein recovery the lithium after digestion of the lithium-containing material with a low pH solution through one or more acid-stable, semipermeable membranes.

Abstract: The method for recovering scandium pertaining to the present invention has: a first neutralization step for passing a solution containing scandium over an ion exchange resin, adding a neutralizing agent to the eluent eluted from the ion exchange resin and performing a neutralization treatment, and obtaining a primary neutralized sediment and a primary neutralized filtrate by solid-liquid separation; a second neutralization step for further adding a neutralizing agent to the primary neutralized filtrate and performing a neutralization treatment, and obtaining a secondary neutralized sediment and a secondary neutralized filtrate by solid-liquid separation; a hydroxide dissolution step for adding acid to the secondary neutralized sediment and obtaining a hydroxide solution; a solvent extraction step for subjecting the hydroxide solution to solvent extraction; and a scandium recovery step for recovering scandium oxide from a raffinate separated in the solvent extraction step.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a quasicrystal and alumina mixture particles reinforced magnesium matrix composite, includes manufacturing a quasicrystal and alumina mixture particles reinforcement phase, including preparing raw materials for the quasicrystal and alumina mixture particles reinforcement phase including a pure magnesium ingot, a pure zinc ingot, a magnesium-yttrium alloy in which the content of yttrium is 25% by weight, and nanometer alumina particles, the elements having the following proportion by weight 40 parts of magnesium, 50-60 parts of zinc, 5-10 parts of yttrium and 8-20 parts of nanometer alumina particles of which the diameter is 20-30 nm, pretreating the metal raw materials, cutting the pure magnesium ingot, the pure zinc ingot and the magnesium-yttrium alloy into blocks, removing oxides attached on the surface of each metal block, placing the blocks into a resistance furnace to preheat at 180° C. to 200° C., and filtering out the absolute ethyl alcohol after standing, and drying.

Abstract: Some variations provide a metal matrix nanocomposite composition comprising metal-containing microparticles and nanoparticles, wherein the nanoparticles are chemically and/or physically disposed on surfaces of the microparticles, and wherein the nanoparticles are consolidated in a three-dimensional architecture throughout the composition. The composition may serve as an ingot for producing a metal matrix nanocomposite. Other variations provide a functionally graded metal matrix nanocomposite comprising a metal-matrix phase and a reinforcement phase containing nanoparticles, wherein the nanocomposite contains a gradient in concentration of the nanoparticles. This nanocomposite may be or be converted into a master alloy. Other variations provide methods of making a metal matrix nanocomposite, methods of making a functionally graded metal matrix nanocomposite, and methods of making a master alloy metal matrix nanocomposite. The metal matrix nanocomposite may have a cast microstructure.

Abstract: Alloys comprised of a refined microstructure, ultrafine or nano scaled, that when reacted with water or any liquid containing water will spontaneously and rapidly produce hydrogen at ambient or elevated temperature are described. These metals, termed here as aluminum based nanogalvanic alloys will have applications that include but are not limited to energy generation on demand. The alloys may be composed of primarily aluminum and other metals e.g. tin bismuth, indium, gallium, lead, etc. and/or carbon, and mixtures and alloys thereof. The alloys may be processed by ball milling for the purpose of synthesizing powder feed stocks, in which each powder particle will have the above mentioned characteristics. These powders can be used in their inherent form or consolidated using commercially available techniques for the purpose of manufacturing useful functional components.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to a new alloy and methods of making same. The new alloy is an enhanced strength Ti-6Al-4V Grade 23+ titanium alloy having the following composition by weight percent: Aluminum—6.0 wt % to 6.5 wt %; Vanadium—4.0 wt % to 4.5 wt %; Iron—0.15 wt % to 0.25 wt %; Oxygen—0.00 wt % to 0.10 wt %; Nitrogen—0.01 wt % to 0.03 wt %; Carbon—0.04 wt % to 0.08 wt %; Hydrogen—0.0000 wt % to 0.0125 wt %; Other Elements, each—0.0 wt % to 0.1 wt %; Other Elements, total—0.0 wt % to 0.4 wt %; and Titanium—Balance.

Abstract: A high-strength, highly-elongatable aluminum-alloy foil contains, in mass %, Fe: 1.0% or more and 2.0% or less and Mn: 0.05% or less, and unavoidable impurities. The aluminum-alloy foil has an average crystal-grain size at a foil surface of 2.5 ?m or less, and a ratio of the surface-area percentages of the crystal orientations A{112}<111>/A{101}<121> is 3.0 or more. A{112}<111> is the percentage, with respect to the total surface area, of the surface areas of crystal grains in which the crystal orientation is in a range within 15° from {112}<111> in an orientation-mapping image of the foil surface produced by electron backscatter diffraction. A{101}<121> is the percentage, with respect to the total surface area, of the surface areas of the crystal grains in which the crystal orientation is in a range within 15° from {101}<121> in the orientation-mapping image.

Abstract: A hardenable Al—Mg—Si-based aluminum alloy is shown. In order to provide a recycling-friendly, storage-stable and particularly thermosetting aluminum alloy, it is proposed that this aluminum alloy should contain from 0.6 to 1% by weight of magnesium (Mg), from 0.2 to 0.7% by weight of silicon (Si), from 0.16 to 0.7% by weight of iron (Fe), from 0.05 to 0.4% by weight of copper (Cu), a maximum of 0.15% by weight of manganese (Mn), a maximum of 0.35% by weight of chromium (Cr), a maximum of 0.2% by weight of zirconium (Zr), a maximum of 0.25% by weight of zinc (Zn), a maximum of 0.15% by weight of titanium (Ti), 0.005 to 0.075% by weight of tin (Sn) and/or indium (In), and the remainder aluminum and production-related unavoidable impurities, wherein the ratio of the weight percentages of Si/Fe is less than 2.5 and the content of Si is determined according to the equation wt. % Si=A+[0.3*(wt. % Fe)], with the parameter A being in the range of 0.17 to 0.4% by weight.

Abstract: An aluminum-based alloy has high stiffness without containing hard particles such as ceramics, can be produced easily, and is easily processed by machine processing, the alloy contains aluminum as a main element and is shown by the following general formula (1), in which X and Y are respectively selected from Cu, Zn, Ag, and Li, and a and b are values in mass % in which a solid solution is possible by solution heat treatment in this range Al-aX-bY (1).

Abstract: A cutting machining tool for metal-containing materials has a base material composed of cemented hard material with hard material particles embedded in a ductile metallic binder. The metallic binder is a Co—Ru alloy and the hard material particles are formed at least predominantly by tungsten carbide, having an average grain size of the tungsten carbide of 0.1-1.2 ?m. The cemented hard material has a Co+Ru content of 5-17% by weight of the cemented hard material, a Ru content of 6-16% by weight of the Co+Ru content, a Mo content in the range 0.1-3.0% by weight of the cemented hard material, a content of Ti, Ta and/or Nb of in each case <0.2% by weight of the cemented hard material, and a V content of <0.3% by weight of the cemented hard material.

Abstract: A steel wire for non-heat treated machine parts, the steel wire contains, based on % by mass: C: from 0.20 to 0.40%, Si: from 0.05 to 0.50%, Mn: from 0.50 to 2.00%, Al: from 0.005 to 0.050%, and the balance being Fe and impurities, in which the microstructure contains bainite of (35×[C %]+50)% or more, and when the diameter is defined as D, the average aspect ratio of a bainite grain at a depth of 50 ?m in the L cross section is defined as AR, and the average grain size of a bainite grain at a depth of 50 ?M in the C cross section is defined as GD, AR is 1.4 or more, (AR)/(the average aspect ratio of a bainite grain at a depth of 0.25D in the L cross section) is 1.1 or more, GD is (15/AR) ?m or less, and (GD)/(the average grain size of a bainite grain at a depth of 0.25D in the C cross section) is less than 1.0.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide a production method of a calcium-based metallic glass alloy molded body for medical use which has a biodegradable property, has a mechanical strength equal to or higher than that of metal materials, and enables complex molding and a wide range of applications. The calcium-based metallic glass alloy molded body for medical use is produced by mixing a metal powder including a calcium powder, alloying the mixed metal powder, and sintering the alloyed mixed metal powder.

Abstract: An aluminum alloy extruded material that exhibits high strength by air cooling immediately after extrusion processing and excellent stress corrosion cracking resistance, and a method for manufacturing the same are disclosed. The material includes, by mass: 6.0 to 8.0% of Zn, 1.50 to 2.70% of Mg, 0.20 to 1.50% of Cu, 0.005 to 0.05% of Ti, 0.10 to 0.25% of Zr, 0.3% or less of Mn, 0.05% or less of Cr, 0.25% or less of Sr, and 0.10 to 0.50% in total among Zr, Mn, Cr and Sr, with the balance being Al and unavoidable impurities.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to new nickel-iron-aluminum-chromium based alloys. Generally, the new alloys contain 20-40 at. % Ni, 15-40 at. % Fe, 5-20 at % Al, and 5-26 at. % Cr, the balance being optional incidental elements and unavoidable impurities. Generally, methods for producing the new alloys include one or more of heating a mixture above its liquidus temperature, then cooling the mixture below its solidus temperature, optionally hot and/or cold working the solid material into a final product form, then heating and quenching the solid material, and precipitation hardening the solid material.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a pin (46) for a o mold (28) includes forming the pin (46) to include a substantially uniform initial hardness throughout the entire structure of the formed pin (46). The formed pin (46) is then processed with a hardening process, such that the processed pin(46) exhibits a hardness defining a hardness gradient that gradually increases from the initial hardness at a central interior region (56) of the pin (46) to an increased surface hardness at an exterior surface (60) of the pin (46). After processing the pin (46) with the hardening process, a coating (64) maybe deposited onto the exterior surface (60) of the pin (46) with a physical vapor deposition process. The coating (64) exhibits a hardness that is greater than the hardness of the increased surface hardness of the exterior surface (60) of the pin (46). The pin (46) may include, for example, a core pin, a squeeze pin, or an ejector pin.

Abstract: A metal oxide film containing a crystal part is provided. Alternatively, a metal oxide film with highly stable physical properties is provided. Alternatively, a metal oxide film with improved electrical characteristics is provided. Alternatively, a metal oxide film with which field-effect mobility can be increased is provided. A metal oxide film including In, M (M is Al, Ga, Y, or Sn), and Zn includes a first crystal part and a second crystal part; the first crystal part has c-axis alignment; the second crystal part has no c-axis alignment; and the existing proportion of the second crystal part is higher than the existing proportion of the first crystal part.

Abstract: An arc evaporation device includes a bar-shaped target having a front end surface and a side surface to be melted and evaporated from the front end surface by arc discharge; an arc power supply; a target feed unit which moves the target axially and in a feed direction; an ignition rod capable of contact with the side surface of the target, in an intersecting direction intersecting the feed direction; a rotary actuator which moves the ignition rod along the intersecting direction from a retraction position apart from the side surface in the intersecting direction to make the ignition rod enter a transport region into which the target is fed; and a detection unit which detects whether or not the ignition rod has come into contact with the side surface of the target during movement of the ignition rod.

Abstract: A processing arrangement comprising: a process chamber comprising an upper chamber wall, a lower chamber wall and two lateral chamber walls; an insulating structure, arranged between the processing region and each of the upper chamber wall, the lower chamber wall and the two lateral chamber walls, respectively, for thermally insulating the processing region, wherein the insulating structure is configured as gas-permeable at least in sections in such a way that a process gas from the processing region can flow out of the processing region in the direction in each of the upper chamber wall, the lower chamber wall and the two lateral chamber walls, respectively, through the insulating structure; and a gas channel, arranged between the insulating structure and each of the upper chamber wall, the lower chamber wall and the two lateral chamber walls, respectively, for pumping away the process gas which flows through the insulating structure.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a steel sheet or steel strip for a battery case including the steps of providing a Ni-plated steel sheet or strip, and applying a graphene based coating layer on the Ni-plated steel sheet or strip, wherein the graphene based coating layer is applied by chemical vapour deposition.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention relate to a substrate processing apparatus. In one embodiment, a substrate processing apparatus includes a plurality of process units. The process unit includes a process chamber for processing a substrate, an exhaust conduit connected to the process chamber and an exhaust pump arranged in the path of the exhaust conduit. The substrate processing apparatus further includes a connecting conduit connected to the exhaust conduits of the process units in the upstream of the exhaust pump and a switching unit which switches an exhaust path of the process chamber to the other exhaust pump in the other process unit via the connecting conduit.

Abstract: To reduce a temperature deviation on a surface of a substrate and shorten a temperature recovery time on the surface of the substrate, a substrate processing apparatus is provided. The substrate processing apparatus includes a substrate retainer configured to accommodate a plurality of substrates and heat insulating plates; a reaction tube within the substrate retainer; and a heating mechanism configured to heat the plurality of substrates, wherein the substrate retainer includes a substrate processing region where the plurality of substrates are accommodated and a heat insulating plate region where the heat insulating plates are accommodated. A reflectivity of each of the first heat insulating plates is accommodated in an upper layer portion of the heat insulating plate region and is higher than a reflectivity of each of the second heat insulating plates accommodated in a region other than the upper layer portion of the heat insulating plate region.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for controlling precursor flow in a semiconductor processing tool are disclosed. A method may include flowing gas through a gas line, opening an ampoule valve(s), before a dose step, to start a flow of precursor from the ampoule to a process chamber through the gas line, closing the ampoule valve(s) to stop the precursor from flowing out of the ampoule, opening a process chamber valve, at the beginning of the dose step, to allow the flow of precursor to enter the process chamber, and closing the process chamber valve, at the end of the dose step, to stop the flow of precursor from entering the process chamber. A controller may include at least one memory and at least one processor and the at least one memory may store instructions for controlling the at least one processor to control precursor flow in a semiconductor processing tool.

Abstract: A gas processing apparatus includes: a mounting part; a gas supply part located above the mounting part and having a plurality of first gas supply holes; a gas supply path forming part configured to form a supply path of a processing gas, the gas supply path forming part including a flat opposing surface which faces the gas supply part from above and defines a first diffusion space for diffusing the processing gas in a lateral direction; a recess surrounding a central portion of the opposing surface; and a plurality of gas dispersion portions located in the recess surrounding the central portion of the opposing surface without protruding from the opposing surface, each of the plurality of gas dispersion portions having a plurality of gas discharge holes extending along a circumferential direction so as to laterally disperse the processing gas supplied from the supply path in the first diffusion space.

Abstract: A method of producing a metal-organic framework (MOF) film on a substrate is disclosed, the method comprising providing a substrate having a main surface and forming on said main surface a MOF film using an organometallic compound pre-cursor and at least one organic ligand, wherein each of said organometallic compound precursor and said at least one organic ligand is provided only in vapour phase.

Abstract: The method involves a substrate 21 near which reagents 25 are provided. Pump (26) and Raman (27) photons make it possible to create a stimulated Raman emission during the synthesis (29) of the material. The Raman emission can be Stokes or anti-Stokes. In one embodiment of the invention, the zone where the synthesis (29) occurs is in an optical cavity and Raman photons (27) emitted by the Raman emission are reoriented toward the zone where the synthesis (29) occurs. In another embodiment of the invention, the zone where the synthesis (29) occurs is not in an optical cavity, and a stream of Raman photons (27) is created in an outside optical cavity before being sent toward the zone where the synthesis (29) occurs. The synthesis (29) preferably involves a CVD method or solidification by the Czochralski method.

Abstract: Methods of metalizing vias are disclosed. A method of metalizing at least one via includes contacting a substrate with a sacrificial metal sheet. The substrate includes a first surface, a second surface, and the at least one via extending between the first surface and the second surface and the first surface or the second surface of the substrate contacts a surface of the sacrificial metal sheet. The method further includes applying a solution comprising metal ions to the substrate and the sacrificial metal sheet such that a Galvanic displacement reaction occurs between the sacrificial metal sheet and the metal ions in the solution until the metal ions form a metal coating on at least one surface of the at least one via.

Abstract: A wet type processing apparatus includes a processing bath for reserving inside the processing liquid and rendering the resin film pass through the processing liquid; a pair of conveyance members arranged on a loading side for the resin film of the processing bath and on a delivery side for resin film of the processing bath at a position higher than a liquid surface of the processing liquid reserved in the processing bath; and a spouting unit arranged between the pair of the conveyance members at a position lower than the conveyance members and formed with a circumferential surface having plural holes for spouting the processing liquid from the circumferential surface to change a direction of the resin film along the circumferential surface in a non-contact manner in the processing liquid according to spouted flows from the holes.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an aqueous electroless copper plating bath, including a source for Cu(II) ions, glyoxylic acid as the reducing agent for Cu(II) ions, at least one complexing agent for Cu(II) ions and at least one source for hydroxide ions selected from the group consisting of RbOH, CsOH and mixtures thereof, wherein the electroless copper plating bath is substantially free of Na+, K+ and tetraalkylammonium ions.

Abstract: A method is disclosed which allows a tribologically optimally effective coating to be produced on a steel product surface provided with a Zn-based protective coating using simple products which are nonhazardous with respect to environmental pollution. For this purpose, a correspondingly coated flat steel product is provided, and an aqueous solution consisting of an ammonium sulfate and completely desalinated water is deposited onto the protective coating of the steel product. The concentration of the ammonium sulfate in the aqueous solution is 0.01-5.7 mol/l and the pH value of the aqueous solution is 4-6 with respect to the SO42? ions. At same time, the reaction time near the surface between the aqueous solution and the protective coating is more than 0 seconds and maximally 5 seconds such that a tribologically active layer which consist of ammonium zinc sulfate is provided on the protective coating after a drying process which is carried out without an upstream flushing process.

Abstract: A spray nozzle has a body having a flow passage. At least along a portion of the flow passage the body has a depth-wise compositional variation having: a cemented carbide first region; and a cemented carbide second region closer to the flow passage than the first region and having a higher boron content than a boron content, if any, of the first region.

Abstract: A method for cold spray deposition of a material on a substrate, comprising the steps of entraining a metal powder material in a stream of accelerant gas comprising hydrogen; forming a flow of shield gas around the stream of accelerant gas; and impacting the substrate with the stream of accelerant gas whereby the metal powder material is deposited on the substrate.

Abstract: A turbine engine part includes at least a substrate, and present on the substrate, a ceramic coating for protection against calcium and magnesium aluminosilicates, the ceramic coating including Al2O3 at a molar content lying in the range 33% to 49%, Y3Al5O12 at a molar content lying in the range 21% to 53%, and yttria-stabilized zirconia at a molar content lying in the range 13% to 31%.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for preparing a dual-layer magnesium alloy with fluoride and biopolymer coatings, wherein the dual-layer MgF2/PCL coating exhibits improved corrosion resistance as compared to fluoride-coated samples or uncoated Mg samples, and has excellent cell viability, cell adhesion and cell proliferation. Accordingly, the magnesium alloy provided with the dual MgF2/PCL coating layer controls corrosion degradation of conventional orthopedic Mg alloys and exhibits excellent biocompatibility, thus being useful as an implant for fixing bones.

Abstract: A magnetic powder contains magnetic particles, a first coating layer disposed on surfaces of the magnetic particles and containing a first glass, and a second coating layer disposed on the first coating layer and containing a second glass different from the first glass. A method of manufacturing magnetic powder includes preparing magnetic particles, forming a first coating layer containing a first glass on surfaces of the magnetic particles, and forming a second coating layer containing a second glass different from the first glass on the first coating layer.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods, and apparatus related to solar water splitting. In one aspect, a structure includes a plurality of first nanowires, the plurality of first nanowires comprising an n-type semiconductor or a p-type semiconductor. The structure further includes a second nanowire, the second nanowire comprising the n-type semiconductor or the p-type semiconductor, the second nanowire being a different composition than the plurality of first nanowires. The second nanowire includes a first region and a second region, with the first region having a conductive layer disposed thereon, and each of the plurality of first nanowires being disposed on the conductive layer.

Abstract: A system for providing hydrogen includes a first electrochemical cell or stack including a first cathode and a first anode separated by a first proton exchange membrane. A first inlet is in communication with the anode side of the first electrochemical cell or stack. The first inlet receives a first gas including hydrogen. A liquid composition on a liquid flow path is in communication with the cathode side of the first electrochemical cell or stack. The liquid composition includes water and a water-compatible redox compound. A second electrochemical cell stack including a second cathode and a second anode separated by a second proton exchange membrane is disposed with the anode side of the second electrochemical cell or stack in communication with the liquid flow path. A hydrogen outlet in communication with the cathode side of the second electrochemical cell or stack dispenses hydrogen from the system.

Abstract: A water electrolysis system is equipped with a water electrolysis device, a water supply passage, a hydrogen supply passage, a gas-liquid separator, a first water drainage passage, a first water drainage valve, a second water drainage valve, a determination unit, and a valve control unit. In a method of stopping operation of the water electrolysis system, in a water drainage step, in the case that the determination unit determines that operation of the water electrolysis device has been stopped, the first water drainage valve is controlled to be placed in a valve open state, thereby draining liquid water from the gas-liquid separator into the first water drainage passage.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an oxygen generator integrated with an ozone removal filter such that an ozone removal filter is provided in an oxygen discharge opening communicating with an oxygen discharge hole of a water electrolytic cell constituting an apparatus for producing oxygen by using mineral water among generally used water, for filtering ozone generated with oxygen during electrolysis of water and ozone compounds, in which ozone is combined with various organic and inorganic materials contained in mineral water, such as calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and silicon (Si), and thus the oxygen generator allows only high purity oxygen to pass through and to be discharged through the oxygen discharge hole.

Abstract: The invention generally relates to systems and methods for producing metal clusters; functionalized surfaces; and droplets including solvated metal ions. In certain aspects, the invention provides methods that involve providing a metal and a solvent. The methods additionally involve applying voltage to the solvated metal to thereby produce solvent droplets including ions of the metal containing compound, and directing the solvent droplets including the metal ions to a target. In certain embodiments, once at the target, the metal ions can react directly or catalyze reactions.

Abstract: Additive-based electroforming manufacturing methods for producing turbomachine components and other metallic articles are provided, as are metallic articles manufactured utilizing such manufacturing methods. In various embodiments, the method includes the step or process of additively manufacturing a sacrificial tooling structure having a component-defining surface region. A metallic body layer or shell is deposited over the component-defining surface region utilizing an electroforming process such that a geometry of the component-defining surface region is transferred to the body layer. The tooling structure is chemically dissolved, thermally decomposed, or otherwise removed, while the metallic body layer is left substantially intact. After tooling structure removal, the metallic body layer is further processed to complete fabrication of the metallic component.

Abstract: This disclosure discloses a pollution-free electroplating solution for electroplating and its preparation method. The process of the preparation method includes: mixing choline chloride with nitrogenous compounds in molar ratio of 1:2, heating to 80° C. to form uniform ionic liquid, adding metal chloride into ionic liquid with molar concentration between 0.005M to 0.5 M, adding 7˜11 wt % of bio bacteria and 0.7M˜2M of inorganic acid agent into the mixed liquid. After been mixed thoroughly, this pollution-free electroplating solution is ready for the application in electroplating.

Abstract: The present invention relates to applying at least one ultra/mega sonic device and its reflection plate for forming standing wave in a metallization apparatus to achieve highly uniform metallic film deposition at a rate far greater than conventional film growth rate in electrolyte. In the present invention, the substrate is dynamically controlled so that the position of the substrate passing through the entire acoustic field with different power intensity in each motion cycle. This method guarantees each location of the substrate to receive the same amount of total sonic energy dose over the interval of the process time, and to accumulatively grow a uniform deposition thickness at a rapid rate.

Abstract: Techniques for increasing the lifespan of a nanopore DNA sensing device are disclosed. A related DNA sensing device may be formed by a process comprising forming a first electrode, forming a second electrode, disposing the first electrode and second electrode within an insulator, and disposing a lipid bilayer having a nanopore between the first electrode and second electrode. The forming of the second electrode may comprise forming a silver (Ag) layer, pressing a mold into the Ag layer to form a pattern in the Ag layer, removing the mold from the Ag layer, and exposing the Ag layer to an electrolyte.

Abstract: A method for anodizing a bonded assembly may include attaching a first electrode to a first component of the bonded assembly, and forming a first oxide layer on the first component. The bonded assembly may comprise the first component and a second component bonded to the first component. The second component may be electrically isolated from the first component.