Abstract: A method for producing an AlN single crystal substrate, the method including: i) preparing a first base substrate consisting of a first AlN single crystal; ii) growing a first AlN single crystal layer over a main face of the first base substrate, to obtain a layered body; iii) cutting the first MN single crystal layer of the layered body, to separate the layered body into a second base substrate and a first part of the first AlN single crystal layer, the second base substrate including the first base substrate and a thin film layered thereon, the thin film being a second part of the first AlN single crystal layer; iv) polishing a surface of the thin film, to obtain a third base substrate consisting of a second AlN single crystal; and v) growing a second AlN single crystal layer over the polished surface of the third base substrate.

Abstract: In one instance, the seed crystal of this invention provides a nitrogen-polar c-plane surface of a GaN layer supported by a metallic plate. The coefficient of thermal expansion of the metallic plate matches that of GaN layer. The GaN layer is bonded to the metallic plate with bonding metal. The bonding metal not only bonds the GaN layer to the metallic plate but also covers the entire surface of the metallic plate to prevent corrosion of the metallic plate and optionally spontaneous nucleation of GaN on the metallic plate during the bulk GaN growth in supercritical ammonia. The bonding metal is compatible with the corrosive environment of ammonothermal growth.

Abstract: Provided herein are scalable methods of processing wet-spun fiber comprising recombinant spider silk polypeptides to generate a three-dimensional crystalline lattice of beta-sheet structures in the fiber.

Abstract: Techniques are described for controlling widths of nanofiber sheets drawn from a nanofiber forest. Nanofiber sheet width can be controlled by dividing or sectioning the nanofiber sheet in its as-drawn state into sub-sheets as the sheet is being drawn. A width of a sub-sheet can be controlled or selected so as to contain regions of uniform nanofiber density within a sub-sheet (thereby improving nanofiber yarn consistency) or to isolate an inhomogeneity (whether a discontinuity is the sheet (e.g., a tear) or a variation in density) within a sub-sheet. Techniques for dividing a nanofiber sheet into sub-sheets includes mechanical, corona, and electrical arc techniques.

Abstract: A fiber-based device having a reconfigurable geometry comprises an array of hair-like fibers spaced apart on a substrate, where each hair-like fiber comprises a free end extending away from the substrate and a secured end attached to the substrate. The array has a first bundled configuration where the free ends of the hair-like fibers are drawn together into a bundle having a first cross-sectional shape, and a second bundled configuration where the free ends of the hair-like fibers are drawn together into a bundle having a second cross-sectional shape. The array is reconfigurable from the first bundled configuration to the second bundled configuration by exposure to a liquid and then removal of the liquid at a predetermined rate.

Abstract: An electrically conductive yarn (1) includes a plurality of individual filaments (2) and an electrically conductive portion (3) that covers surface of the individual filaments (2). The electrically conductive portion (3) contains a carbon-based material, in particular carbon nanotubes, a binder, and a metal. The electrically conductive portion (3) has a network structure in which the carbon nanotubes are connected to one another and is constituted such that the metal is interspersed within the network structure. The electrically conductive portion (3) may further contain Al2O3.

Abstract: A method of weaving a woven fabric comprising weaving a first plurality of weft yarns through a plurality of warm yarns in a 6×1 pattern, and weaving a second plurality of weft yarns through the plurality of warp yarns in a 13×1 pattern. In one embodiment, all of the weft yarns have the same shrinkage ratio and same size of yarn count, and the repeat intersection points on the weft yarns are either 6×1 or 13×1. The weft yarns in the 6×1 pattern alternate with the weft yarns in the 13×1 pattern, with two 6×1 weft yarns followed by one 13×1 weft yarn. This results in a woven fabric that performs like a knitted fabric but with the look of woven denim when the warp yarns are indigo dyed.

Abstract: A woven textile is provided, including at least two blocks connected with each other. Each of the two blocks has an upper layer and a lower layer which are woven and fixed by a binding thread, and the upper layer and the lower layer are respectively composed of woven braids which extend meanderingly. The textile braid of the upper layer and the textile braid of the lower layer define a plurality of meshes, and the textile braids of the two blocks have different heights so that the meshes on the two blocks have different dimensions.

Abstract: A novel knitted fabric includes a double-sided structure which is weft-knitted by a natural fiber or a viscose, a sorona and a polyurethane fiber. A first side of the double-sided structure is constituted by the natural fiber or the viscose and the polyurethane fiber, a second side of the double-sided structure is constituted by the sorona, and a yarn ingredient proportion comprises 60-50% of the natural fiber or the viscose, 40-30% of the sorona, and 5-20% of polyurethane fiber. The novel knitted fabric can have advantages of excellent stretchability, recoverability, plastic and packaging functions, wearing comfort, and conformation of modern environmental thoughts.

Abstract: A method of making a loop fastener product features knitting, such as by circular knitting, a pile yarn and one or more ground yarns to form a stretchable knit fabric having loops of the pile yarn extending from a knit ground, with the ground yarns including polymers of differing melt temperatures. The knit fabric is then held in a desired state while the fabric is set by first applying sufficient heat to cause the lower melt temperature resin to flow into interstices of the fabric ground, and then allowing the fabric to cool. The cooled fabric ground is less stretchable in two orthogonal directions after setting than before setting, has a greater air permeability after setting than before setting, and has hook-engageable pile loops extending from bound interstices.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for weaving a single fabric, the method comprising: alternately forming a clearing position and a half-tuck position at a first-stage cylinder cam; and forming a half-tuck position and a clearing position at a second-stage cylinder cam formed under the first-step cylinder cam, wherein the half-tuck position of the second-stage cylinder cam is positioned under the clearing position of the first-stage cylinder cam, and the clearing position of the second-stage cylinder cam is positioned under the half-tuck position of the first-stage cylinder cam, and wherein a non-covered yarn is supplied to the clearing position of the first-stage cylinder cam, and a covered yarn is supplied to the half-tuck position of the first-stage cylinder cam.

Abstract: A porous body belt includes a body to be connected including a porous body, a connecting material A that bonds end portions of the body to be connected to each other, and a welding material A which is disposed between the body to be connected and the connecting material A, penetrates at least a part of a void portion of the porous body of the body to be connected, and adheres the body to be connected and the connecting material A to each other.

Abstract: A sewing machine sews a sewing pattern on a work cloth. The sewing machine includes a storage portion configured to store pattern data used for sewing the sewing pattern on the work cloth, and a projector configured to project an image. The sewing machine generates, on the basis of the pattern data, a projection image that includes a pattern object and a peripheral object. The pattern object represents the sewing pattern. The peripheral object is disposed adjacent to an outer edge of the pattern object and surrounds the pattern object. The sewing machine controls the projector and projecting the generated projection image toward a top surface of a bed portion on which the work cloth is placed.

Abstract: A frame holding device holds an embroidery frame provided with a first frame and a second frame. The second frame includes a mounting portion. The frame holding device includes a fixing portion, a base portion, an engaging portion, and a regulation portion. The base portion is connected to the fixing portion. The base portion extends in a first direction and includes a placement surface. The engaging portion is configured to engage with an engaged portion provided on the mounting portion. The regulation portion is configured to restrict the second frame from moving in a third direction by coming into contact with the mounting portion in a state in which the engaged portion and the engaging portion are engaged with each other. The third direction is a direction intersecting with the first direction and the placement surface.

Abstract: A system and method for forming synthetic/artificial grass or turf products in which a series of tufts of artificial/synthetic grass filaments or yarns are formed in a backing material with various graphic pattern effects being formed therewith. The system generally will include a pair of needle bars each having at least one row of needles mounted along a tufting zone and reciprocated through the backing to a desired penetration depth, and will present a desired set or group of yarns to a series of gauge parts mounted at differing elevations. A first or upstream one of the needle bars will be shifted to an off-gauge position to move the needles thereof into positions so as to not be engaged by their associated gauge parts. The yarns fed to these needles further can be controlled to substantially pull back or otherwise prevent tufts of such yarns from being formed in the backing.

Abstract: A continuous dyeing plant for a warp thread including a plurality of dyeing/squeezing groups arranged in line, each of which is provided with a respective impregnation or dyeing tank in which the warp thread is immersed, and an oxidation apparatus that has a plurality of upper and lower return rollers, configured to arrange the warp thread on a plurality of vertical planes parallel to each other, and a support frame having at least one upper strut and at least one lower strut, where a plurality of upper return rollers are mounted on the upper struts, such that at least one part of the lower return rollers is rotatably mounted on at least one respective support device that is movable in the vertical direction between a first operating position, in which the movable support device is placed close to the lower struts to keep the lower return rollers at a maximum predefined distance from the corresponding upper return rollers, and a second operating position, in which the movable support device is placed close to

Abstract: An oxidation intensifier device for a continuous dyeing system for dyeing a warp thread, the device arranged for being mounted in the oxidation assembly of the dyeing system and comprises two blowing assemblies having a substantially identical shape and opposed one another, each blowing assembly is provided with at least one respective fan and, downstream of such a fan, with a respective plurality of convergent conduits arranged along development directions that are parallel and transversal to the feeding direction of the warp thread, the convergent conduits of a first blowing assembly converge in a opposite direction with respect to the convergence direction of the convergent conduits of the opposite blowing assembly, each convergent conduit is configured to face parallel to a single lap of the warp thread moving inside the dyeing system and is provided with a plurality of longitudinal slots oriented along the same development direction of the respective convergent conduit, where each fan is hydraulically co

Abstract: A laundry mover for a laundry treating appliance may include a protrusion located on an upper side of the laundry mover and forming an open-bottom cavity. The protrusion may have at least one opening fluidly communicating the cavity with a portion of the treating chamber above the protrusion. A diverter may be located on a lower side of the laundry mover.

Abstract: A laundry treating appliance includes a tub defining a tub interior and a basket rotatably mounted within the tub interior. The basket can include an upper basket portion defining a basket interior, as well as a lower base portion coupled to the upper basket portion and including at least one spoke.

Abstract: A laundry treatment apparatus includes a cabinet having an introduction/discharge opening, a drawer configured so as to be discharged from the cabinet through the introduction/discharge opening, a through-hole formed in an upper surface of the drawer, a tub that is located inside the drawer and that defines a space that is configured to receive water, an introduction aperture formed in an upper surface of the tub, the introduction aperture being located under the through-hole, a drum rotatably provided inside the tub for receiving laundry supplied to the introduction aperture, a door that is configured to open and close the introduction aperture, the door being coupled to one of the drawer or the tub, and a door sensing unit that is configured to determine whether the door is opened during a state in which the drawer is inserted into the cabinet.

Abstract: A washing machine of the present disclosure includes a cabinet having a first opening and a door assembly provided to open and close the first opening, wherein the door assembly includes a door main body having a second opening provided to be opened and closed independently of the first opening and a rear holder corresponding to the first opening, and the rear holder includes a door sealing unit spaced apart from the second opening and provided to come in contact with the diaphragm to seal the inside of the cabinet when the first opening is closed by a door assembly. By the configuration, the cabinet can be sealed more effectively, and laundry items or detergent may be additionally inserted even during a washing process.

Abstract: A laundry washing machine and method automate the selection of one or more parameters of a wash cycle of a laundry washing machine based in part on a color detection sensor disposed proximate an opening of the wash tub and configured to capture color composition data of one or more items added to the wash tub and a weight sensor operatively coupled to the wash tub, where the weight sensor is configured to detect the addition of an item among the one or more items to the wash tub and initiate capturing of the color composition data, and a controller is configured to configure one or more parameters for a wash cycle based upon the captured color composition data.

Abstract: Disclosed is a washing machine comprising: an outer tub which is disposed inside a cabinet and stores washing water; a sidewall member which is rotatably installed inside the outer tub and accommodates laundry therein; a tub base which is coupled to a lower end of the sidewall member and has a washing water inflow hole and a communication hole that are spaced apart from each other along a height direction; a guide member which is coupled to a bottom surface of the tub base and configured to communicate the washing water inflow hole and the communication hole in an outside of the tub base; and an upward flow path of washing water which extends along a height direction of the sidewall member and communicates with the guide member through the communication hole.

Abstract: An adjustable baffle and method of adjusting the baffle for a laundry machine. A dryer drum may include one or more adjustable baffles that may adjust tumbling characteristics of the clothes within the dryer drum. The adjustable baffles may include one or more flexible members.

Abstract: A laundry appliance includes a drum for processing laundry. A blower delivers process air through an airflow path that includes the drum. A lint filter is positioned within the airflow path that separates particulate matter from the process air. A lint disposal mechanism removes entrapped lint particles from a surface of the lint filter.

Abstract: A process for providing a water repellent substrate comprising: providing a dispersion in a liquid of discrete-length microfibers comprising a material adapted to be fluid under the processing conditions to be used; applying the dispersion to the substrate; optionally removing liquid from the microfibers and substrate or allowing the liquid to dry; and subjecting the microfibers to processing conditions under which the material is at least partly fluid, such that the microfibers deform to provide adhesion of microfibers with other microfibers, adhesion of the microfibers with the substrate or a mixture of adhesion with other microfibers and with the substrate.

Abstract: A method of forming an active agent infused linear material includes passing a substantially linear polymeric substrate through a linear substrate infusion chamber in a first direction, flowing a liquid infusion solution through the linear substrate infusion chamber in a second direction, and contacting the linear substrate with the liquid infusion solution at an infusion temperature and for an infusion time effective to infuse the one or more active molecules into or onto a surface of the linear substrate, thereby forming an active agent infused linear material. The liquid infusion solution includes one or more active molecules. The second direction is substantially opposite or substantially parallel to the first direction. A linear substrate infusion system and a polymeric linear substrate are also disclosed.

Abstract: Dyeing method includes a first step of obtaining a dyeing base body by adhering a base body with a sublimable dye and a sublimable dye carrier, a second step of placing the dyeing base body obtained in the first step to face a resin body and heating the dyeing base body so that the sublimable dye and the sublimable dye carrier which have been adhered on the dyeing base body are sublimated and deposited on the resin body, and a third step of heating the resin body having been deposited with the sublimable dye and the sublimable dye carrier to be fixed with the sublimable dye and the sublimable dye carrier.

Abstract: An ink jet recording method performed on a fabric to which a hydrotropic agent is attached includes attaching an ink jet composition for textile printing including a metal complex salt dye, in which a hue angle ?h° defined in CIELAB color space on printed textiles after printing is in a range of 260° or more and 310° or less, to the fabric using an ink jet method, in which there is a region in which a value of a ratio of a mass of the metal complex salt dye with respect to a total mass of dyes included in the ink jet composition for textile printing is 0.6 or more and 1.0 or less, and a value of a ratio of mass of the metal complex salt dye with respect to a mass of the hydrotropic agent in the fabric is 0.2 or more and 1.0 or less.

Abstract: A defibrating device and sheet manufacturing apparatus attract and remove metal fragments when metal fragments are mixed with fibrous material. A defibrating device has a main unit with a defibration section configured to defibrate fibrous material, and a swirl section configured to produce a rotational current, and by the rotational current cause the fibrous material to rotate and flow into the defibration section. The main unit has a magnet unit that is disposed to the swirl section, and has a magnet that attracts by magnetic force metal fragments conveyed with the fibrous material to the swirl section.

Abstract: Provided is a method of producing fine cellulose fibers that are nanosized, that have a high crystallinity degree, and that are less vulnerable to fiber shape damage, the method including impregnating cellulose with a fibrillation solution to fibrillate the cellulose without mechanical crushing, and modifying the cellulose. The method of producing cellulose microfibrils of the present invention includes impregnating cellulose with a fibrillation solution containing a carboxylic acid vinyl ester or an aldehyde and an aprotic solvent having a donor number of 26 or more to fibrillate the cellulose. The aldehyde is at least one kind of aldehyde selected from the group consisting of an aldehyde represented by the following formula (1), paraformaldehyde, cinnamaldehyde, perillaldehyde, vanillin, and glyoxal: R1—CHO??(1) where R1 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 16 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group, a cycloalkyl group, or an aryl group.

Abstract: Provided is a sheet manufacturing apparatus capable of desirably adjusting the thickness of the sheet, and forming sheets with highly uniform thickness or grammage. A sheet manufacturing apparatus configured to make a sheet from defibrated material of defibrated paper includes: a drum unit having a cylinder with a defibrated material storage space inside and multiple openings through which the defibrated material passes formed in the outside of the cylinder; an accumulator configured to accumulate the defibrated material that past the openings, forming a deposit; and a housing configured to enclose the drum unit and the accumulator, the housing having a vent through which air passes between the drum unit and the accumulator.

Abstract: The invention may utilize shaft horsepower for rotating cylinders to move a fluid in an axial direction within the cylinder. The cylinder may comprise a spiral blade on or in its inner surface with a pitch relative to a central axis of the cylinder. The blade's pitch may be variable or uniform with respect to the central axis. In some applications, plural blades may be positioned within the cylinder. The invention is particularly suitable for imparting kinetic energy sufficient to assist with the evacuation of condensate from a paper dryer cylinder with reduced or no blow through steam. The invention also has applications for spinner wheels.

Abstract: The present invention provides, inter alia, biocompatible porous structural materials made exclusively or almost exclusively from nanocellulose fibers (CNF), CNC, or bacterial cellulose, as well as processes for making and using provided compositions. Provided compositions may possess specifically tailored mechanical strength properties and have a design-controlled porosity that is homogeneous or graded, depending on the application. Provided compositions may be manufactured by the controlled dewatering of suspensions of CNF. In some embodiments, provided compositions may include a solids concentration of about 10% to about 95% by weight. Controlled water removal and pore homo- or heterogeneity may be accomplished by controlling capillary, hydrostatic and evaporative processes in the environment of a porous mold around the CNF slurry.

Abstract: The invention relates to paper that contains scalenohedral precipitated calcium carbonate (s-PCC) of a certain specification. The invention further relates to the user of a s-PCC having a certain specification as filler material for paper.

Abstract: A first adjustment member includes a first adjustment traveling face that forms a traveling face continuous with a first body traveling face, and is arranged so that the first adjustment traveling face at least partially protrudes into a second gap. A second adjustment member includes a second adjustment traveling face forming a traveling face continuous with a second body traveling face, and is arranged so that the second adjustment traveling face at least partially protrudes into the second gap. A gap across which the first adjustment member and the second adjustment member oppose each other is a first gap, and an adjustment mechanism capable of changing the position of the first gap in a direction parallel with a travel path is provided.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an artificial turf includes creating fluid polyurethane mass. The creation including reacting first and second polyols with an isocyanate. The first polyol is a polyether polyol and/or a polyester polyol having at least 2 hydroxyl groups per molecule, the second polyol being polybutadien diol. The isocyanate including isocyanate monomers, isocyanate polymers or isocyanate prepolymers or a mixture thereof, the isocyanate monomers, isocyanate polymers and the isocyanate prepolymers having two or more isocyanate groups per molecule. The method further includes incorporating an artificial turf fiber into a carrier such that a first portion of the fiber protrudes to the front side of the carrier and that a second portion of the fiber is located at the back side of the carrier, adding the fluid polyurethane mass on the back side of the carrier, and hardening the fluid polyurethane mass.

Abstract: A construction machine according to the disclosure comprises a material hopper for receiving bulk material. The material hopper comprises a first sub-hopper that is pivotable about a first axis and a second sub-hopper that is pivotable about a second axis, wherein the first and second axes extend parallel to each other. The first and second sub-hoppers each comprise a rear wall, and the rear walls are shifted with respect to each other in a direction parallel to the axes, whereby a collision of the rear walls is prevented when pivoting the first and/or the second sub-hopper.

Abstract: In an automotive milling machine, comprising a machine frame, comprising a controller for the travelling and milling operation, comprising a working drum, comprising a transport conveyor for discharging the milled material milled off by the working drum onto a loading surface of a transport vehicle comprising a rear wall, where the transport conveyor is slewable, relative to the machine frame, about a first axis extending essentially horizontally under an elevation angle, and sideways about a second axis extending orthogonally to the first axis under a slewing angle, it is provided for the following features to be achieved: a detection device is arranged on the bottom side of the transport conveyor, where said detection device is used to initiate an activation signal in case of the transport conveyor approaching an object, in particular, the rear wall of the loading surface.

Abstract: A milling machine includes a milling assembly having a housing to which left and right end gates are attached, a controller, a right front lifting column, a left front lifting column and a rear lifting column. Elevation sensors are located at the front and rear of each of the end gates. The controller is operatively attached to the elevation sensors and to linear actuators within the lifting columns of the milling machine. The elevation sensor that is located at the front end of the right end gate will provide feedback to control the position of the right front lifting column, and the elevation sensor that is located at the front end of the left end gate will provide feedback to control the position of the left front lifting column. The elevation sensors that are located at the rear ends of the end gates are available, as selected by the operator, to provide feedback to control the positions of one of the right and left front lifting columns, as well as the rear lifting column.

Abstract: Provided are an apparatus and a method of constructing a guide line for a road, and the apparatus includes a painting apparatus part that stores a lane paint, is driven by receiving power, and supplies the lane paint, a nozzle part that is installed in the painting apparatus part and sprays the lane paint supplied from the painting apparatus part on a road to form a guide line for a road including at least one of a directional mark and a lane, and an adjustment part that is installed in the painting apparatus part and adjusts at least one of a location and an interval of the lane paint sprayed from the nozzle part.

Abstract: A barrier (10) is described that comprises a barrier panel (12) having a first side edge (16) and a second side edge (18), and including a pair of fixed feet (26), the barrier panel (12) defining a channel within which a reinforcing member (34) is received, the reinforcing member (34) being oriented so as to be upstanding, in use, and located intermediate the first and second side edges (16, 18), and an adjustable foot (36) carried at the lower end of the reinforcing member (34).

Abstract: The present invention relates to an anti-erosion system made of geo-synthetic material, preferably of polysteel raw material (polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene (PE) mixture) instead of only polypropylene or polyester or nylon, resulting in a compromise between the mechanical properties of polypropylene, the chemical properties of polyethylene, and the good resistance to the environmental agents achieved through the incorporation of molecular chain stabilizers. The fraction of PP should range from 50% to 90% and the fraction of PE from 10% to 50%.

Abstract: A base for forming a tooth for a wheel of a landfill compactor vehicle is disclosed. The tooth comprises said base and a cap of a cast metal material formed on said base. The base comprises a block, a core and a lip. The block is adapted to be mounted on said landfill compactor vehicle wheel. The core, which is disposed on a cap-facing side of the base, is for receiving molten metal material during a casting operation and remains embedded in the cap. The lip is disposed around a periphery of the base and is also for receiving said molten metal material, in cooperation with the core. The lip at least partially surrounds the cap-facing side and the core and helps in reducing or preventing imperfections, such as cracks, which could otherwise form at the interface between the base and the cap following the casting operation.

Abstract: A compacting roll for a soil compactor includes a roll shell concentrically surrounding a roll rotational axis, a roll inner space and two oscillatory arrangements, at least partially arranged within the roll inner space, for generating the oscillating torque impinging on the roll shell with respect to the roll rotational axis whereat each oscillatory arrangement includes at least two oscillation mass units that are rotatable around the respective oscillation rotational axis and at least one oscillation drive motor to serve exclusively for driving the oscillation mass units of this oscillatory arrangement. The oscillation mass units of different oscillatory arrangements can be offset from each other in the direction of the roll rotation axis.

Abstract: Helical screw pile assemblies for piling and screwing into a foundation or the ground are provided. These pile assemblies comprise a disc member that mechanically engages with an elongated member causing the disc member to fasten onto the elongated member.

Abstract: An animal trap (T) has an attached chain (C) and anchor (A). A driver (10) for driving the anchor into the ground has a shaft (12) with upper and lower sections (12A, 12B), the upper section having a smaller diameter than the lower section. The bottom (14) of the shaft is contoured to mate with the anchor. A handle (16) facilitates removal of the shaft from the ground after the anchor is driven into place. The handle has a sleeve (18) slidably fitting over the upper section of the shaft and an arm (22) extending outwardly from the sleeve for grasping by a user of the driver. A cap (24) fits onto the upper end of the shaft and is struck by a tool used to drive the shaft into the ground and set the anchor in place.

Abstract: A system for centering a reinforcing member within a drilled shaft/bore hole includes a first cage member and a second cage member. The first cage member is operable to surround a first half of the reinforcing member. The second cage member is operable to surround a second half of the reinforcing member. The second cage member is operably connected to the first cage member, and the first and second cage members have identical shapes.

Abstract: A system for shoring a trench, which is dug for receiving a pipeline and includes spaced apart sidewalls, includes at least two supporting units that are spaced apart from one another in the longitudinal direction of the trench and configured for absorbing transverse forces from the sidewalls. Disposed between the two supporting units is a plurality of shoring units, each configured for supporting the sidewalls of the trench. Together with the supporting units, the shoring units are configured to form a barrier-free lowering space within which the pipe can be lowered into the trench from outside the trench to the floor of the trench. A method for laying a pipe using the shoring system is also disclosed.

Abstract: An instant cap (“I-Cap”) for a pole foundation and an all-in-one universal pole foundation are provided. The I-Cap is a just-in-time manufactured device located at the foundation's top, filling the gap between the pole foundation cavity's inner wall and the pole. The I-Cap transfers lateral pole forces to the foundation wall while providing pole cavity moisture protection as well as protection from pole uplift and rotation forces. Both the pole and the foundation are manufactured to precision. The all-in-one universal pole foundation can be manufactured just-in-time having information at hand about the pole shaft dimensions specified. The pole rests on either a flat or tapered structure at the bottom of the pole cavity with a through opening to enable moisture to evacuate the cavity. The pole is secured to the foundation using at least one through bolts.