Abstract: A method for preparing exosomes or exosome-like vesicles packaged with a nucleic acid of interest is provided. In certain embodiments, the method may comprise: introducing into an exosome-producing cell a nucleic acid construct comprising the nucleic acid sequence of interest incorporated in a pre-miR-451 structural mimic, and allowing the cell to produce exosomes. Nucleic acid constructs, compositions, and uses thereof are also provided.

Abstract: The application discloses compositions and methods for preventing and treating diabetic retinopathy. It is disclosed herein that an inhibitor of microRNA-let-7b administered to the eye of a subject in need thereof is useful for preventing and treating several problems associated with diabetic retinopathy and plays a role in vasculature stabilization, increasing retinal thickness, reducing retinal capillary dropout, diminishing microvascular leakage, preventing or treating hyperproliferation of microvascular cells, and stabilizing aberrant neovascularization. The invention includes the use of various kinds of inhibitors of microRNA-let-7b, including, but not limited to, an antagomir of miRNA-let-7b. A useful compound of the invention can be administered into the eye, including intravitreally. A useful antagomir is Dy547-mA(*)mA(*)mCmCmAmCmAmCmAmAmCmCmUmAmCmUmAmCmCmU(*) mC(*)mA (*)(3?-Chl).

Abstract: The invention provides for systems, methods, and compositions for targeting nucleic acids. In particular, the invention provides non-naturally occurring or engineered DNA or RNA-targeting systems comprising a novel DNA or RNA-targeting CRISPR effector protein and at least one targeting nucleic acid component like a guide RNA.

Abstract: Methods and materials for improved in vivo production of dsRNA are presented. Yields of dsRNA are significantly increased in the presence of capsid protein. The improved yield of dsRNA is not dependent on the presence of specific cognate binding sites for capsid protein associated with the dsRNA, but is dependent on capsid protein.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to methods for promoting bone formation or reducing bone destruction. This disclosure also relates to methods for promoting the recruitment of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) to a local site of injury or surgical intervention in bone to promote healing. In addition, this disclosure relates to methods for reducing or preventing mineral formation or bone growth, or reducing bone mass. The methods disclosed herein are useful for treating conditions such as osteoradionecrosis.

Abstract: The inventive technology relates to novel paratransgenic strategies for the control of pathogens. The inventive technology may specifically include a novel paratransgenic system configured to deliver one or more inhibitory RNA molecules to pathogen/disease-transmitting organisms. In a preferred embodiment, the invention may include one or more genetically engineered symbiotic bacteria configured to persist throughout the life-cycle of a mosquito and deliver one or more interfering RNA molecules to pathogen/disease-transmitting mosquitoes.

Abstract: Aspects of the disclosure relate to methods and compositions for treating retinitis pigmentosa. In some aspects, the disclosure provides compositions and methods for delivering an interfering nucleic acid (for example an interfering RNA) to a subject in order to reduce expression of one or both alleles of an endogenous rho gene (for example a mutant rho allele associated with retinitis pigmentosa) in the subject. In some embodiments, a replacement rho gene that is resistant to the interfering nucleic acid also is delivered to the subject.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a biosynthetic gene cluster of carrimycin. The biosynthetic gene cluster comprises 44 gene open reading frames (orf), i.e., 5 orfs (orf10-14) encoding polyketide synthase, 9 orfs (orf1, 4-6, 15 and 36-39) related to polyketone synthesis extension unit and modification, 16 orfs (orf9, 16-22, 24, 26, 28, 29, 33-35 and 41) related to glycosyl synthesis, 6 orfs (orf7, 8, 30-32 and 40) related to glycosyl transfer, 2 orfs (orf3 and 25) related to resistance, 4 orfs (orf2, 23, 27 and 42) possibly related to regulation, a tsr resistance marker gene orf (orf43) and a 4?-mycaroseglucoside isovaleryl transferase gene orf (orf44).

Abstract: The present application provides a shuttle vector which can be manipulated in various kinds of host cells, thereby providing a novel tool for the field of genetic engineering. On the other hand, the present application further provides a prokaryotic host cell and a kit comprising said shuttle vector, so as to construct expression vectors which contain the target gene using the shuttle vector, thereby producing proteins in various host cells with one single vector.

Abstract: Compositions and methods are provided for genome modification at a target site in the genome of a fungal cell. The methods and compositions are drawn to a guide polynucleotide/Cas endonuclease system for promoting modification of the DNA sequence at a target site in a fungal host cell genome.

Abstract: A novel gene targeting method and a nucleotide construct for the method. The method integrates a nucleotide construct containing an interference gene in an effective gene targeting region independent of the gene by homologous recombination, thereby improving the targeting efficiency of the gene. The present invention also provides a gene targeting system for gene expression regulation and gene disruption.

Abstract: This invention relates to genetically engineered strains of yeast and methods, for producing recombinant protein (e.g., collagen). Recombinant protein of the present invention is used to produce biofabricated leather or a material having leather-like properties containing recombinant or engineered collagen. The yeast strains are engineered to produce ascorbate and/or increased production of ? ketoglutarate.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides compositions and methods for editing a target site of a plant genome by delivery of functional editing components using modified tobacco mosaic virus (mTMV). The methods disclosed herein can be used to deliver a gene editing system, such as a DNA endonuclease, to a tobacco plant cell for modification of a target site of the plant genome. Further, the methods and compositions disclosed herein provide for production of a RNA molecule encoding a meganuclease in vitro prior to delivery of the RNA to a plant cell. After introduction of the nucleic acid molecule encoding a functional editing component and subsequent expression of the functional editing components, the plant can be cultured and allowed to produce seeds having an edit at a genomic target site. The seeds can then undergo embryo rescue and be cultured to produce a modified plant without heterologous genetic material.

Abstract: Provided are a gene combination used for controlling foreign gene expression in a specific plant tissue, and a method applying the gene combination to cultivate a transgenic plant. The method is used to cultivate, for example, an endosperm zero expression-type transgenic rice. i.e., rice grain endosperm produced by the rice does not contain any transgenic product protein synthesis and accumulation.

Abstract: Methods and compositions are provided for increasing the expression of a gene of interest in a plant by co-expressing the gene of interest with a p21 polynucleotide. The gene of interest can be endogenous or heterologous to the plant. Further provided are plants, such as tobacco plants, comprising a heterologous p21 polynucleotide. Co-expression of the p21 polynucleotide with a gene of interest in the plant increases the expression of the gene of interest when compared to a control plant. Accordingly, p21 co-expression can increase the expression of genes of interest encoding proteins such as defense proteins, enzymes, signaling proteins, reporter proteins, antibodies and fragments thereof, growth factors, cell surface receptor molecules, seed storage proteins, and fungicides in a plant.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel mutations in a sorghum gene, Msd3, which increase the seed yield in sorghum. The nucleic acid sequences of this mutated gene and its encoded protein(s) are included. This invention also relates to genetically altered plants having this mutated gene and/or containing the mutated protein and which have increased flower production and seed yield and lower jasmonic acid production.

Abstract: Provided are methods of increasing nitrogen use efficiency, fertilizer use efficiency, yield, growth rate, vigor, biomass, oil content and/or abiotic stress tolerance of a plant by expressing within the plant an exogenous polynucleotide comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding a polypeptide at least 80% identical to SEQ ID NO: 2560, 2557, 184, 238, 188, 154-156, 158-161, 163-183, 185-187, 189-197, 200-237, 239-264, 266-269, 1351, 1365-1425, 1429-1457, 1459, 1461-1730, 1735, 1739-2397, 2533-2541, 2544-2556, 2558, 2559, 2561-2562 or 2563. Also provided are isolated polynucleotides and polypeptides which can be used to increase nitrogen use efficiency, fertilizer use efficiency, yield, growth rate, vigor, biomass, oil content and/or abiotic stress tolerance of a plant of a plant.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are method of altering CAM pathways in plants. In some examples, a disclosed method includes overexpressing one or more genes encoding one or more enzymes that carry out the basic biochemical sequence of nocturnal CO2 fixation (carboxylation) into C4 acids (malate), store C4 acids in the vacuole of the plant, and/or then decarboxylate and refix the released CO2 by C3 photosynthesis during the subsequent day in a plant cell, thereby altering CAM in the plant cell. Also disclosed herein are isolated polynucleotide sequences, transformation vectors, transgenic plant cells, plant part, and plants. The disclosed methods and compositions can be used to improve the water-use efficiency and drought tolerance and durability of plants, such as in plants in arid environments, and also enhance the ability of plants to perform.

Abstract: Methods and materials for modulating low-nitrogen tolerance levels in plants are disclosed. For example, nucleic acids encoding low nitrogen tolerance-modulating polypeptides are disclosed as well as methods for using such nucleic acids to transform plant cells. Also disclosed are plants having increased low-nitrogen tolerance levels and plant products produced from plants having increased low-nitrogen tolerance levels.

Abstract: A transgenic cloned piglet expressing human proinsulin and a method of preparing the same, and more particularly, to a recombinant vector for human proinsulin expression, a genetically modified cell line into which the recombinant vector is introduced, a transgenic cloned piglet expressing human proinsulin, and a method of producing the same.

Abstract: The invention described herein provides high throughput methods and reagents for generating transgenic animals (e.g., non-human mammals) through introducing a CRISPR/Cas9 system comprising a Cas9 protein into gametes or preimplantation stage embryos (e.g., one-cell embryos or zygotes) via multiple cycles (e.g., 4-10 cycles) of electroporation, leading to genetically inheritable modification to the genome of the animal.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention, a method for increasing the yield of rLV vector particles comprising a trans gene encoding a therapeutic protein or fragment thereof is disclosed. In one approach, cells are transfected with plasmids encoding the necessary components for rLV production using a calcium chloride transfection mix at pH 7.1 wherein the calcium chloride and plasmids form a complex which is added to the cells at a constant speed. The cells are then incubated for a suitable time period wherein virus particle media is collected at least twice during the incubation period and stored in a cold storage unit, thereby reducing virus inactivation.

Abstract: This document relates to adenovirus vectors and methods and materials related to using adenovirus vectors. For example, viruses, nucleic acid molecules encoding viruses, cell lines containing viral vectors, and methods for using viruses to deliver nucleic acid to cells in vitro or in vivo are provided. Methods and materials for using adenovirus vectors to induce immune responses and to treat cancer also are provided.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides methods of modifying the genome of a mammalian zygote. The present disclosure provides methods of modulating transcription in a mammalian zygote. The present disclosure provides methods of labeling a target nucleic acid in the genome of a mammalian zygote. The present disclosure provides methods of delivering a ribonucleoprotein complex into a mammalian zygote. The present disclosure provides methods of delivering a polypeptide or a nucleic acid into a mammalian zygote.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a DNA-targeting RNA that comprises a targeting sequence and, together with a modifying polypeptide, provides for site-specific modification of a target DNA and/or a polypeptide associated with the target DNA. The present disclosure further provides site-specific modifying polypeptides. The present disclosure further provides methods of site-specific modification of a target DNA and/or a polypeptide associated with the target DNA The present disclosure provides methods of modulating transcription of a target nucleic acid in a target cell, generally involving contacting the target nucleic acid with an enzymatically inactive Cas9 polypeptide and a DNA-targeting RNA. Kits and compositions for carrying out the methods are also provided. The present disclosure provides genetically modified cells that produce Cas9; and Cas9 transgenic non-human multicellular organisms.

Abstract: Methods for biosynthesising hydrocarbons from a gaseous substrate in non-naturally occurring acetogens as well as non-naturally occurring acetogens for production of hydrocarbons are provided.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method of producing drimenol and/or drimenol derivatives by contacting a polypeptide with farnesyl pyrophosphate. Also provided is an amino acid sequence of a polypeptide useful in the methods of the invention and nucleic acid encoding the polypeptides of the invention. The method further provides host cells or organisms genetically modified to express the polypeptides of the invention and useful to produce drimenol and/or drimenol derivatives.

Abstract: A method of producing a chemical product includes culturing a microorganism with a fermentation feedstock containing cane molasses as a main component; filtering the resulting culture liquid through a separation membrane to recover a filtrate which contains the chemical product and from which the microorganism has been separated; retaining or returning an unfiltered liquid containing the microorganism, in or to the culture liquid; and adding an additional fermentation feedstock to the culture liquid to carry out continuous fermentation; in which the microorganism cultured causes a centrifugal supernatant of the culture liquid to contain particles having an average particle diameter of 100 nm or more.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a sequentially fed process for enzymatic hydrolysis in which, under agitation, a pre-treated lignocellulosic substrate is brought into contact with water and with enzymes in a reactor, said process being characterised in that the sequential addition to the reactor of the pre-treated lignocellulosic substrate is carried out increasingly spread out over time, in order to obtain a predetermined final content of dry matter.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a method for fermentation integrated with separation and purification of acetone, butanol, and ethanol (ABE) or butanol alone, comprising the following steps: 1) obtaining ABE by fermentation using an acetone-butanol-producing bacterium or obtaining butanol using a butanol-producing bacterium; 2) using a “vapor-stripping-vapor-permeation” method (briefly VSVP) for online separation and purification of ABE or purifying butanol from the fermentation broth; wherein the VSVP method comprises the following steps: introducing a gas bubble into the fermentation broth comprising active cells for fermentation to vaporize ABE or Butanol; subjecting the gas along with the vaporized ABE or Butanol to a membrane separation unit to pass through the membrane; recovering ABE or Butanol, or subjecting ABE or Butanol to a next separation device.

Abstract: Provided herein is a genetically engineered microbe which accumulates citramalate. In one embodiment, the microbe includes an exogenous polynucleotide encoding a citramalate synthase which catalyzes the condensation of acetyl CoA and pyruvic acid. Optionally, the microbe also includes a second exogenous polynucleotide encoding a citrate synthase which catalyzes the condensation of acetyl CoA and oxaloacetate, and the citrate synthase activity in the microbe is reduced compared to a control microbe. In one embodiment, the citrate synthase includes at least one amino acid substitution in the acetyl-CoA binding pocket, the mobile loop, the NADH binding site, and the oxaloacetate binding site, or a combination thereof. Also provided herein are methods for using the genetically engineered microbe, including a method for producing citramalate. The method can further include isolating the citramalate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for enzymatic hydrolysis in which, under agitation, pre-treated lignocellulosic substrates are brought into contact with water and with enzymes such that the mixture has a content of dry matter of between 12 and 35% by weight, said process being characterised in that a mixture is used of at least two pre-treated lignocellulosic substrates with different porosities, at least one of the substrates being a substrate said to be of low porosity having a porosity of less than 60% of the volume and the other substrate a substrate said to be of high porosity having a porosity greater than or equal to 60% of the volume, and said substrate of low porosity being present in a quantity of at least 30% by weight in relation to the total weight of said mixture.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of a fermentation product from ligno-cellulosic material, comprising the following steps: a) optionally pre-treatment b) optionally washing; c) enzymatic hydrolysis; d) fermentation; and e) optionally recovery of a fermentation product; wherein in step c) an enzyme composition is used that has a temperature optimum of 55 degrees C. or more, the hydrolysis time is 40 hours or more and the temperature is 50 degrees C. or more.

Abstract: Recombinant microorganisms configured for increased glycogen production. The recombinant microorganisms comprise a recombinant nucleic acid configured to express or overexpress a glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase. The recombinant microorganisms produce an increased amount of glycogen compared to a corresponding microorganism not comprising the recombinant nucleic acid.

Abstract: Described herein are efficient, low cost methods for making prebiotics that contain maltosyl-isomaltooligosaccharides (MIMOs), as well as compositions made by such methods.

Abstract: Enzyme-based systems and methods for synthesizing the NAD precursors NMN and NaMN are disclosed. Such methods and systems utilize a mutated form of phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthetase (PRS) that is superactive and/or other enzyme or enzyme combinations that are immobilized onto a solid surface. The methods and systems substantially increase the efficiency and yield of NAD precursor synthesis.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods of preparing everninomicin analogs by genetic alteration of Micromonospora carbonacea. Everninomicin analogs prepared by these methods and methods of using these analogs to treat infections are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method for producing a recombinant protein of interest (POI) is provided, comprising the steps of (a) culturing cells in a cell culture medium to express said POI by adding a feed comprising at least one substrate to said cell culture, (b) applying a feeding strategy based on calculating, setting and optionally controlling the specific substrate uptake rate qs of the cells during the induction phase and/or production phase of the POI, wherein qs is set to be close to the maintenance rate of the cell culture; and (c) isolating said POI from the cell culture.

Abstract: The present invention relates to mutants of a parent Trichoderma strain, comprising a polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide and one or more (several) genes selected from the group consisting of a first subtilisin-like serine protease gene, a first aspartic protease gene, a trypsin-like serine protease gene, a second subtilisin-like serine protease gene, and a second aspartic protease gene, wherein the one or more (several) genes are modified rendering the mutant strain deficient in the production of one or more (several) enzymes selected from the group consisting of a first subtilisin-like serine protease, a first aspartic protease, a trypsin-like serine protease, a second subtilisin-like serine protease, and a second aspartic protease, respectively, compared to the parent Trichoderma strain when cultivated under identical conditions. The present invention also relates to methods of producing a polypeptide in such mutants and methods for producing such mutants.

Abstract: A tissue tester for providing an indication of the presence of disease including a first paper tissue sheet; and a filter patch treated with a color changing indicator affixed to the first paper tissue sheet. The tester may also consist of a single sheet of filter paper treated with a solution of turmeric and alcohol. The color indicator changes from yellow to brown when disease is indicated in respiratory secretions.

Abstract: Described herein is a method for detecting slow-VISA from clinical samples.

Abstract: The invention provides methods, compositions, kits and devices for the detection of target molecules. In some embodiments, the invention allows for multiplexed target molecule detection.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for initiating the replication of a deoxyribonucleic acid molecule, said method comprising a step of inserting, into said deoxyribonucleic acid molecule, at least one nucleic acid molecule representing a multicellular DNA replication origin, the replication origin comprising at least nine nucleotides, the at least nine nucleotides consisting of at least three uninterrupted origin repeating elements (OGRE).

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of determining an infection of a patient with Serratia species potentially resistant to antimicrobial drug treatment, a method of selecting a treatment of a patient suffering from an antibiotic resistant Serratia infection, and a method of determining an antibiotic resistance profile for bacterial microorganisms of Serratia species, as well as computer program products used in these methods. In an exemplary method, a sample (1), is used for molecular testing (2), and then a molecular fingerprint (3) is taken. The result is then compared to a reference library (4), and the result (5) is reported.

Abstract: Kits, methods, and material for use in detecting tick-borne microorganism(s) are provided herein. One is able to detect DNA from several different species of microorganisms from samples (bodily fluid, tissue, etc.) from ticks and/or mammals to determine if one or more of the microorganisms has infected the tick and/or mammal. The assay uses PCR techniques with a multiple primers and probes. The microorganisms can be in the Borrelial Layer, the Rickettsiales Layer, and/or the Babesial Layer.

Abstract: A material with nanopillar structures extending from a substrate. The nanopillars are engageable by organisms to cause an interaction, such as cellular destruction.

Abstract: The present invention provides apparatuses that allow water from canales to be captured and communicated with water collection systems for storage or dispersal. Embodiments of the present invention accommodate existing canales with minimal or no modification to the canale or building or roof structure. Example embodiments of the present invention provide an apparatus with a catchment portion defining a volume that accepts water from a canale and communicates water to a collection system (where a collection system can communicate with a storage system or a dispersal system). The catchment portion is mounted to the canale using an attachment portion of the apparatus such that water from the canale enters the catchment portion, but such that excess water can overflow the catchment portion and fall to the ground.

Abstract: This document provides methods and materials for detecting contaminated food products. For example, methods and materials for using an enzymatic amplification cascade of restriction endonucleases to detect nucleic acid of a microorganism or virus (e.g., a pathogen) within a sample (e.g., food product sample) being tested, thereby assessing a food product for possible contamination are provided.

Abstract: This specification relates to non-radioactive methods, compositions and kits for non-radioactive real-time PCR using FRET dual-labeled primers and do not require the use of a probe. The non-radioactive methods may also be used for end-point PCR in which the signal is measured only at the endpoint of the PCR cycling. The dual-labeled primer maintains the molecular tether between fluorophore and quencher. Kits are also provided for the quantification or detection of one or more target nucleic acid molecules in a sample during nucleic acid synthesis, and include a dual-labeled oligonucleotide.

Abstract: The present invention provides tools and methods for the systematic analysis of genetic interactions between cells. The present invention provides tools and methods for modulating cell phenotypes and compositions, combinatorial probing of cellular circuits, for dissecting cellular circuitry, for delineating molecular pathways, and/or for identifying relevant targets for therapeutics development.