Abstract: A method and system may provide speed limit data to users driving in vehicles. A user's client device such as a smart-phone, smart watch, or tablet computer, may provide visual, audible, and/or haptic alerts to the user when the user exceeds a posted speed limit by more than a threshold amount. For example, when the user exceeds the posted speed limit by more than the threshold amount, the user's smart-phone may play a beeping sound and may announce the posted speed limit to the user. A map of a geographic area including the user's travelled route may also be displayed, with annotated areas along the route where the user exceeded the posted speed limit. The map may also include an indication of a proportion of a duration or distance of the route in which the user travelled above the posted speed limit.

Abstract: A discrete-time high voltage generating circuitry is described, configured to provide a discrete-time high voltage at a high voltage output only during defined high voltage periods. The discrete-time high voltage generating circuitry includes a current mirror circuitry configured to receive a supply current from a high voltage source and to provide a slew current. The discrete-time high voltage generating circuitry is configured to generate the discrete-time high voltage using the slew current. Further, a method to operate a discrete-time high voltage generating circuitry is described. The circuitry and method may be used to provide a discrete-time self-test bias voltage to at least one capacitive load such as a capacitive MEMS element.

Abstract: An assembly has a base structure, a rotatable structure, a first magnet coupled to the base structure, a second magnet coupled to the rotatable structure, and a magnetic field sensor. The magnetic field sensor can identify at least one condition (i.e., position) of the assembly.

Abstract: An inductive position detector with a first and second body, at least one of said bodies being displaceable relative to the other along a measurement path wherein said first body comprises one or more antenna windings forming a first arrangement of windings and said second body comprises a passive resonant circuit incorporating one or more target windings in series with a capacitor; said circuit covering at least in part said first arrangement; characterized in that said first body comprises an additional winding arrangement disposed along at least part of said measurement path; said additional winding arrangement being spaced from said first arrangement of windings; and said second body comprises an additional winding arrangement covering at least in part said additional winding arrangement of said first body.

Abstract: A method of making a machine system includes assembling sensing elements with a sensor frame, and contacting ferrite cores of the sensing elements with a locating tool to conform an arrangement of the sensing elements to a cylindrical shape of a surface of the locating tool. The sensing elements are secured to the sensor frame in the determined arrangement, and coupled with a housing of a machine system to monitor position of a rotatable component therein. The ferrite cores may be E-type cores, with bridge connections used to sensitize the sensing mechanism to displacement of a rotatable component in X, Y, and Z directions.

Abstract: A motor driver integrated circuit comprises a central processing unit, a memory, and a multiple-time programmable memory. The multiple-time programmable memory is configured to store a motor driver program, the memory has a capacity larger than or equal to a capacity of the multiple-time programmable memory. When the motor driver integrated circuit is powered or reset, the central processing unit copies the driven program from the multiple-time programmable memory to the memory. The motor driver integrated circuit is low in cost. The present invention also provides a motor device having the motor driver integrated circuit.

Abstract: A magnetic circuit may include a magnetic sensor. The magnetic sensor may determine an adjustment factor associated with calculating a variable switching threshold. The variable switching threshold may be a configurable switching threshold based on which the magnetic sensor provides outputs associated with a speed signal corresponding to a rotation of a tooth wheel. The magnetic sensor may provide an output, associated with the speed signal, based on the variable switching threshold.

Abstract: A flexible optical measuring device comprises an optical distance measuring module, an optical fiber adapter and an optical coupling module. The optical distance measuring module comprises a light source, an optical receiver and a computing unit. The optical fiber adapter is disposed and connected between the optical distance measuring module and the optical coupling module. The optical coupling module comprises a first optical fiber, a two-in-one optical coupler, a detector and a second optical fiber. A measuring beam is emitted from the light source and reaches the detector. The measuring beam then passes through the detector to the object and forms a reflected beam which is reflected back to the detector, then enters the second optical fiber and passes through the optical receiver and the optical receiver outputs a measurement signal. The computing unit calculates the distance between the object and a terminal of the detector accordingly.

Abstract: A motion detection device having a detachable sensor is disclosed and including a main body, a rotating and swing module, and at least one detachable detecting module. The main body has a receiving space and a clamp part. The rotating and swing module is disposed in the receiving space and has a rotating disc and a swing rail. The rotating disc is clamped by the clamp part and rotated in a clockwise and counterclockwise motion at a horizontal angle relative to the main body. The swing rail is disposed on the rotating disc. The detachable detecting module has the sensor and an engaged unit detachably engaged with the swing rail, and the detachable detecting module is swung along the swing rail so that the detachable sensor of the detachable detecting module is swung along the swing rail at a deflecting angle relative to the rotating disc for motion detection.

Abstract: There are described herein methods and systems for estimating a system parameter in a closed loop scheme using a sensor model associated with a sensor performing a measurement of the system parameter. Past and current measurements of the parameter are used to provide an initial estimate of the system parameter and sensor dynamics are used to refine the estimated parameter.

Abstract: A gas meter that is a flow rate measurement device includes a flow rate measurement unit for measuring, at a constant time interval, a flow rate of gas flowing in a passage, a pressure measurement unit for measuring pressure of the gas in the passage, a power supply unit for supplying power to a pressure measurement unit, and an appliance determination unit for determining an appliance being used based on a gas flow rate value. The gas meter further includes a measurement interval controller for determining a gas non-use state, an appliance determination performing state, or an appliance determination non-performing state based on the gas flow rate value and operation information of the appliance determination unit, for controlling the power supply unit in accordance with the determined state, and for changing an interval for turning on/off power supplied to the pressure measurement unit.

Abstract: When an appliance identification art is provided, the computing speed and the identification accuracy are improved while the required memory amount, etc., is decreased. In a gas meter 100, an ultrasonic flowmeter 104 measures the flow rate of gas flowing into a flow path 102 at a given time interval, and a computation section 108 computes a difference value of the predetermined time period between the measured flow rates. A difference value conversion section 112 converts the computed difference value into a code with reference to a flow rate class table by which classes of difference values corresponding to a size of the difference value and codes representing the classes are associated with each other. Further, a flow rate change history generation section 114 generates a flow rate change history approximately representing flow rate change of gas based on a set of the codes of the predetermined time period.

Abstract: A fluid sensing device, including a housing; a fluid flow sensor at least partially contained within the housing and adapted to detect a flow of fluid through the housing; a timer operably connected to the fluid flow sensor and at least partially contained within the housing, the timer receiving a start signal from the fluid flow sensor when the fluid flow sensor detects the onset of fluid flow, the timer receiving a stop and reset signal from the fluid flow sensor when the fluid flow sensor detects the end of fluid flow; and at least one signaling device operably connected to the timer such that the signaling device is actuated when the timer indicates that a predetermined amount of time has elapsed.

Abstract: A housing for a device for metered dispensing of a medium, the housing including at least one inlet, preferably threadless, configured to allow the medium to enter the housing from a reservoir, a plurality of receptacles, preferably threadless, a metering device in each of the plurality of receptacles, an inlet line connected to the at least one inlet, and a plurality of distribution lines connected to the inlet line and to each of the plurality of receptacles, wherein the housing includes a plastic material.

Abstract: Underground storage caverns are used for the bulk storage of hydrocarbon liquids, such as crude oil and gases, such as natural gas. The cavern is accessed through a bore hole which has casing and, for some bore holes, internal tubing with an annulus between the casing and tubing. The upper end of the cavern has a roughly cylindrical region termed the chimney. In order to check it for physical integrity, it is necessary to measure the profile of the chimney. This is also referred to as conducting a survey of the cavern. The cavern typically has hydrocarbon liquid above brine up to the surface. An inert gas can be injected above the hydrocarbon liquid to form an interface. The profile is conducted by driving the gas/liquid interface downward with gas pressure to a reference level determined by sequentially transmitting acoustic pulses to locate the reference level. Gas is injected to increase the pressure by a predetermined value and thereby drive down the interface by a known distance.

Abstract: A combination temperature and low water sensor includes a body configured to penetrate the wall of a hydronic furnace. A detection tip is attached to the body and extends into the furnace when the temperature sensor penetrates the wall. The detection tip is electrically conductive and defines a tip interior volume. A temperature sensor is disposed within the interior volume of the detection tip. Both the detection tip and the temperature sensor are configured for electrical connection to a furnace control system.

Abstract: In accordance with at least one embodiment, a system for detecting a level is disclosed. The system includes a substrate having an input electrode and a drive electrode. The system further includes a container having an electrode. At least a portion of the electrode extends along a height dimension of the container. The container is arranged adjacent the substrate, such that the electrode is capacitively coupled to the input electrode or the drive electrode. The system further includes a circuit that, while the electrode is capacitively coupled to the input electrode or the drive electrode, determines a level of a substance inside the container, based on an effective capacitance between the input electrode and the drive electrode.

Abstract: An optical sensor for a conventional tank gauge designed to allow a user to remotely check the liquid level of a tank without the need for a visual inspection. Using an emitter circuit board with a plurality of photoemitters and a detector circuit board with a plurality of photodetectors, the optical sensor can fit over a conventional tank gauge without disturbing the gauge. The circuit boards can be attached to an optical sensor frame, which can be adjusted on the conventional tank gauge by a height adjustment screw and a series of set screws. Alternatively, one or more sliders can be used to maintain proper alignment. Analog data generated from the photodetectors can be digitized using a microcontroller and can be made available for viewing on a stationary or mobile device via an integrated network connection.

Abstract: A transducer positioning device and a system for employing a transducer positioning device are used to determine and monitor fluid levels in a pressurized beverage keg that has a dip tube. One fluid is a liquid beverage. The other fluid is a compressed gas injected to push the beverage up through the dip tube. Each embodiment of the positioning device generally includes an acoustic transducer and a transducer support, and often includes a base. Other embodiments may include an angled adapter for the transducer and a prop and/or wheels for the base. Each embodiment of the system generally includes the transducer positioning device, a transceiver, software, and a graphic user interface, as well as wiring and a medium for data transmission. Other embodiments include at least one other electronic controller. The above may also be embodied as kits and methods.

Abstract: A liquid level detection device is provided with a fixed body and a rotating body, having a float and an arm. The arm has an insertion portion inserted in the rotating body and an extending portion extending straight and bent relative to the insertion portion. The rotating body has an insertion hole in which the insertion portion is inserted, a holding portion having a receiving opening receiving the extending portion and holding the extending portion received by the receiving opening, and a stopper releasing the receiving opening from a blocking state in which a blocking portion blocks the receiving opening. The stopper has a sliding surface portion on which the extending portion is allowed to slide. A thickness of the blocking portion at a tip end of the sliding surface portion is greater than a diameter of the extending portion.

Abstract: A combination weighing apparatus having excellent sanitation includes: a plurality of weighing mechanisms, a weighing mechanism frame which stores the weighing mechanisms, and a body frame which supports the weighing mechanism frame, in which a normal to a surface of the body frame is inclined with respect to a vertical direction.

Abstract: A vibration visualization element includes an optical member that retroreflects light or electromagnetic wave. The optical member includes: a fixed section, relative positional relationship of which with respect to a measurement object is fixed; and a movable section movably supported by the fixed section to allow relative positional relationship with the fixed section to be changed by application of an acceleration to the fixed section in a predetermined direction. The fixed section and the movable section are configured such that, according to the change in the relative positional relationship between the fixed section and the movable section, a reflection direction of the light or the electromagnetic wave is changed to change a luminance of reflected light in a retroreflection direction or an amount of reflected electromagnetic wave in the retroreflection direction.

Abstract: Disclosed are an ultraviolet measuring device, a photodetector, an ultraviolet detector, an ultraviolet index calculation device, and an electronic device or portable terminal including the same. In one aspect, an ultraviolet measuring is provided to comprise: a substrate on which an electrode is formed; a readout integrated circuit (ROTC) unit electrically connected with the electrode; and an aluminum gallium nitride (AlGaN) based UVB sensor electrically connected with the readout integrated circuit unit and formed on an insulating substrate, wherein the read-out integrated circuit converts a photocurrent input from the UV sensor into a digital signal including UV data.

Abstract: A sensor system, device and method for generating a wireless signal in response to a sensed illumination. A sensor is disclosed having: a photosensitive element; a device that converts a sensed illumination detected by the photosensitive element into a corresponding impedance response; and a wireless signal generator that generates a wireless output based on a characteristic of the corresponding impedance response, wherein the wireless output correlates to the sensed illumination.

Abstract: An example embodiment may include an interferometer. The interferometer may include a multimode waveguide with an input waveguide optically coupled to a first side of the multimode waveguide, for feeding a light signal to the multimode waveguide. The interferometer may also include a first waveguide at one end optically coupled to a second side of the multimode waveguide, and at the other end terminated by a first waveguide mirror. The interferometer may also include a second waveguide at one end optically coupled to the second side of the multimode waveguide and at the other end terminated by a second waveguide mirror. The multimode waveguide may be adapted to distribute the light signal towards the first and second waveguide mirror via the first waveguide and via the second waveguide.

Abstract: A compact spectrometer is disclosed that is suitable for use in mobile devices such as cellular telephones. In preferred embodiments, the spectrometer comprises a filter, at least one Fourier transform focusing element, a micro-lens array, and a detector, but does not use any dispersive elements. Methods for using the spectrometer as an end-user device for performing on-site determinations of food quality, in particular, by comparison with an updatable database accessible by all users of the device, are also disclosed.

Abstract: A lamp for illuminating food products along a line is provided. The lamp comprises: a housing having a longitudinal axis and an opening along the longitudinal axis; a light source located in the housing along the longitudinal axis; a reflector positioned in the housing along the longitudinal axis, the reflector to reflect light from the light source through the opening and focus the light along the line; a removeable frame attached to the housing around the opening, the removeable frame having an aperture aligned with the opening along the longitudinal axis; a glass window in the aperture; a transparent polymer film in the aperture at an outward facing side of the glass window, each of the glass window and the transparent polymer film extending into the removeable frame past a perimeter of the aperture; and a seal between the transparent polymer film and the perimeter of the aperture.

Abstract: A method for estimating an input spectrum from sensor data acquired by an optical sensor assembly, having an aperture, a Fabry-Perot interferometer, and an optical sensor element, the method including: obtaining first calibration data representative of a spectral response function of the optical sensor assembly for a first setting of the aperture; computing second calibration data from the first calibration data, the second calibration data being representative of a spectral response function of the optical sensor assembly for a second setting of the aperture, where the second setting corresponds to a setting applied during the acquiring of the sensor data; and estimating the input spectrum as a function of the second calibration data and the sensor data. Additionally, a corresponding system for estimating an input spectrum.

Abstract: A system for determining a calibrated spectral measurement includes a tunable Fabry-Perot etalon, a detector, and a processor. The tunable Fabry-Perot etalon has a settable gap. The detector measures light intensity. The processor is configured to determine the calibrated spectral measurement. The calibrated spectral measurement is based at least in part on a measurement set of detected light intensities for a plurality of settable gaps and a reconstruction matrix. The reconstruction matrix is based at least in part on calibration measurements. For a calibration measurement, a settable gap is selected and a set of input monochromatic source wavelengths is used to measure responses at a detector after transmission through the Fabry-Perot etalon. Each input monochromatic source wavelength is also measured using a radiometer to scale detector measurements.

Abstract: A method for determining the temperature of a strand comprises disposing the strand along a background radiator of known temperature. Receiving the strand using a spatially resolving thermal imaging sensor in front of the background radiator while the strand is being disposed along its longitudinal axis. Forming an integral across a measuring value area, the integral configured to detect a complete strand portion located in front of the background radiator of the thermal imaging sensor. deducing the temperature of the strand by comparing the formed integral with a reference value.

Abstract: This relates to sensor systems, detectors, imagers, and readout integrated circuits (ROICs) configured to selectively detect one or more frequencies or polarizations of light, capable of operating with a wide dynamic range, or any combination thereof. In some examples, the detector can include one or more light absorbers; the patterns and/or properties of a light absorber can be configured based on the desired measurement wavelength range and/or polarization direction. In some examples, the detector can comprise a plurality of at least partially overlapping light absorbers for enhanced dynamic range detection. In some examples, the detector can be capable of electrostatic tuning for one or more flux levels by varying the response time or sensitivity to account for various flux levels. In some examples, the ROIC can be capable of dynamically adjusting at least one of the frame rate integrating capacitance, and power of the illumination source.

Abstract: An infrared temperature measurement method and device, first magnifying an acquired original infrared image according to a predefined magnification factor to obtain a second original infrared image, dividing each original pixel in the second original infrared image to obtain pixel groups comprising multiple pixels; then setting a pixel at a predefined location in each pixel group as a reference pixel; setting the temperatures of the reference pixels as the temperatures of the original pixels corresponding to the reference pixels; next acquiring temperatures of a plurality of target pixels based on the temperatures of the reference pixels; the target pixel is one pixel in the pixel groups; finally acquiring the temperature of the predefined temperature detection point according to the temperatures of the multiple target pixels; the temperature detection point corresponds to the multiple target pixels.

Abstract: The invention involves the incorporation and enablement of multiple interactive elements into high-volume consumables products to increase utility, function and features of the consumable product at minimal incremental cost and adjustment to production and manufacturing processes. The invention further reports processes and compositions that enable consumable products with differentiating features which product would otherwise be deficient for their intended use and application.

Abstract: At least some aspects of the present disclosure feature a mobile sensing system comprising a sensing device for measuring a thermal property of an object, comprising an RF circuit and an antenna electronically coupled to the RF circuit, a sensor electronically coupled to the RF circuit, and a thermal source thermally coupled to the sensor and electronically coupled to the RF circuit, a mobile device having a processor, an RF reader connected to or integrated with the mobile device, wherein the RF reader is configured to interrogate the sensing device; wherein the sensing device receives power when the RF reader interrogates the sensing device and provides at least a portion of the power to the thermal source.

Abstract: A device for local temperature measurement that is suitable for taking temperature measurements of an immediate vicinity of said device. The device comprises: a cell comprising a heat-conductive base and at least one first material having a predetermined fixed state-change temperature and arranged in said base; a heat-energy transfer device thermally connected to said base and said at least one first material; a local temperature measurement probe received in said base and in thermal contact with said at least one first material, the heat-energy transfer device being suitable for causing a change of state of said first material in order to carry out at least one metrological verification of the local temperature measurement probe. An associated cell and method for use are also provided.

Abstract: A load pin configured for measuring a force, the load pin including two sensors spaced apart from each other for measuring stress or tension. An axis includes a lateral surface configured to be subjected to a load from an upside in an area of the axis between the two sensors. A slot divides the axis into a lower portion and an upper portion, the slot extending essentially in an axial direction of the axis.

Abstract: Embodiments of this disclosure provide an optical resonance device, a force measuring device and method, a modulus measuring method and a display panel. The optical resonance device includes: a light emitting layer, a reflecting layer, and a transflective layer. The light emitting layer is configured to generate light. The reflecting layer is arranged at one side of the light emitting layer and is configured to reflect the light generated by the light emitting layer. The transflective layer is arranged at the other side of the light emitting layer and is configured to transmit a portion of the light generated by the light emitting layer and reflect a portion of the light generated by the light emitting layer. The force measuring device includes: an optical resonance device, at least one optical sensor, a bearing unit and a calculation unit.

Abstract: A torque sensor for use in an electric power assisted steering system comprises a first shaft, a second shaft, and a torsion bar, a hollow sleeve that is secured to the first shaft and extends along the torsion bar to at least partially axially overlap the second shaft, angular deflection indicating means that produce a signal that is dependent on the angular deflection of the first shaft relative to the second shaft as a torque is applied across the torque sensor that causes the torsion bar to twist, at least one drive dog fixed to the sleeve and at least one corresponding drive dog fixed to the second shaft, in normal operation the two dogs being offset so that they permit a defined range of angular deflection of the torsion bar but will engage each other to provide a path for torque to be transferred from the first shaft to the second shaft in the event of a failure of the torsion bar, and a connecting element which has a first part that is secured within a bore in one of the second shaft and the sleeve, t

Abstract: A force acting on a link is detected at low cost. Provided is a rotation-shaft joint structure including: a driving-force generating part including a fixed member that is fixed to a base member, and a movable member that is rotationally driven about a predetermined axis relative to the fixed member; a link member that is fixed to the movable member of the driving-force generating part; and a uniaxial strain sensor that is attached to the link member or the movable member, at a surface located in a space between a fixed area over which the link member is fixed to the movable member and the outer circumferential surface of the driving-force generating part about the axis, to detect the strain of the surface.

Abstract: A pressure sensor and a manufacturing method thereof are provided. The pressure sensor includes a thin-film transistor (TFT) array and a pressure-sensitive layer covering the TFT array. The pressure-sensitive layer includes a plurality of insulating layers and one of one-directional materials arranged on the same plane and two-directional materials. The insulating layers and the one- or two-directional materials are alternately stacked so as to effectively enhance pressure resolution.

Abstract: Various techniques are provided for correcting error in static pressure data. In one example, a system includes an aircraft component. The aircraft component can include a port disposed within the aircraft component. A static pressure sensor is disposed within the port. The static pressure sensor is configured to provide primary pressure data in response to environmental air pressure. The data provided can include error due to acoustic disturbance. The system can also include an acoustic sensor configured to provide acoustic data in response to the acoustic disturbance. Data from the static pressure sensor and the acoustic sensor can be provided to a processor communicatively coupled to the static pressure sensor and the acoustic sensor. The processor can be configured to determine corrected static pressure data using the provided primary pressure data and the provided acoustic data. Additional systems and similar methods are also provided.

Abstract: A sensor includes a port body which defines an axial passage for receiving fluid. An electrical connector extends through an opening in the port body near a crimp portion opposite the axial passage and forms an upper seal with the port body. Within the interior of the port body, a support ring and base cover form a cavity which retains a sensing element. The sensing element is exposed to the fluid within the axial passage and determines the pressure. An annular seal is retained by the base cover. The crimp portion of the port body is crimped to provide an upper seal and apply a force on the components within the interior, pinching the annular seal between the sensing element and the base of the port body to create a lower seal.

Abstract: A load is provided to an article under test, the article under test having a surface movable about an axis of rotation. The article under test, such as a wing or other aerodynamic component of an aircraft, is load tested by determining a change in attitude of the article under test about the axis of rotation. Responsive to the change in the attitude, adjusting in real time a position of a load mechanism that provides the load to the surface of the article under test.

Abstract: A test fixture for securing a test article is disclosed. The test fixture comprises a frame, an upper grip, a lower grip, a tensioner assembly, and a cooling assembly. The frame defines an upper portion and a lower portion, where the lower portion of the frame is configured to be releasably mounted to a vibration device. The upper grip is connected to the upper portion of the frame and the lower grip is connected to the lower portion of the frame. The upper grip is configured to secure an upper portion of the test article along an upper interface, and the lower grip is configured to secure a lower portion of the test article along a lower interface. The tensioner assembly is located at the upper portion of the test fixture. The cooling assembly transports a cooling medium across at least one of the upper interface and the lower interface.

Abstract: The disclosed technology includes, among others, methods and devices for measuring distributed fiber bend or stress related characteristics along an optical path of fiber under test (FUT) uses both a light input unit and a light output unit connected to the FUT at one single end.

Abstract: A process for monitoring for the presence of fretting and/or smearing with false brinelling potential in a non-rotating bearing provides the steps of: acquiring acoustic emission data emanating from the non-rotating bearing under an alternating load; and comparing the acoustic emission data with a threshold indicative of fretting and/or smearing.

Abstract: A method of performing maintenance. Data is received from a plurality of physical sensors that measure parameters of parts of the platform, wherein a data point is missing from the data. A plurality of different polynomial interpolation values is calculated for the missing data point using a plurality of different polynomial interpolation formulas. A relative strength for each of the plurality of different polynomial interpolation values is calculated, wherein relative strengths are determined. A best polynomial interpolation value is selected based on a highest strength of the relative strengths. The best polynomial interpolation value is substituted for the data point that is missing from the data, wherein filled data is created. A status of the parts is determined based on the filled data, wherein an analysis is formed. Responsive to the analysis indicating that maintenance is due for a part in the parts, causing maintenance to be performed.

Abstract: A device for checking the mounting of tires on a vehicle includes at least one image recording device that is configured for recording images of at least two tires mounted on the vehicle, the images each capturing at least one area of a tire, and at least one data processing device that is adapted for analyzing the recorded images to determine whether the tires have been correctly mounted on the vehicle.

Abstract: A method for detecting a malfunction during a drilling operation is carried out by making use of a drill bit, the method including the following: a) the comparison of a first magnitude (E) representative of the mechanical specific energy (MSE), with a first threshold value (Emax); b) when the first magnitude is greater than the first threshold value, the comparison of the ratio (E/S) between the first magnitude and a second magnitude (S) representative of the drilling force with a second threshold value ((E/S)max); c) the detection of a malfunction in the drilling operation when the ratio (E/S) between the first magnitude (E) and the second magnitude (S) is greater than the second threshold value ((E/S)max). The method provides the ability to ensure more precise detection of a malfunction during drilling operations.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a passive vapor intrusion measurement device including a barrier layer having first and second major sides; an absorbent stack disposed on a first portion of the surface of the barrier layer first major side, the absorbent stack including a first absorbent layer, an optional second absorbent layer; and spacer layer(s) disposed between the first and second (if present) absorbent layer and the barrier layer; and an adhesive disposed on a second portion of the surface of the barrier layer first major side and transversely surrounding the absorbent stack. The device is applied to a substrate in need of vapor intrusion sampling. A method of vapor intrusion analysis includes individually collecting the first and second (if present) absorbent layers after a test period; analyzing the amount of an analyte the absorbent layer(s); and subtracting the amount of the analyte in the second absorbent layer (if present) from the amount of the analyte in the first absorbent layer.