Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a multi- or dual-headed composition having the formula (I) or (II). The present disclosure also relates to a process for preparing the multi- or dual-headed composition having the formula (I) or (II), the process including combining 1,2,4-trivinylcyclochexane, an organometallic compound, and a catalyst precursor. The present disclosure further relates to use of the composition having the formula (I) or (II) in olefin polymerization.

Abstract: A plate for use in an extrusion-based additive manufacturing system made from or containing a top layer made from or containing a sheet or film made from or containing 1-butene based copolymer made from or containing from 0 to 70 wt % of ethylene, propylene or alpha olefins of formula CH2?CHR, wherein R is a C3-C20 alkyl radical, based upon the weight of the 1-butene polymer.

Abstract: The present invention provides an olefin polymer in which LCB (long chain branch) is introduced into mLLDPE (metallocene linear low-density polyethylene) to control the storage modulus, whereby the olefin polymer has excellent bubble stability and processing load characteristics and exhibits excellent processability during preparation of a film, and further has excellent mechanical properties and transparency.

Abstract: This application relates to copolymer compositions and copolymerization processes. The processes may use two different metallocene catalysts: one capable of producing high molecular weight copolymers; and one suitable for producing lower molecular weight copolymers having at least a portion of vinyl terminations, and the copolymer compositions produced thereby. Copolymer compositions may comprise (1) a first ethylene copolymer fraction having high molecular weight, exhibiting branching topology, and having relatively lower ethylene content (based on the weight of the first ethylene copolymer fraction); and (2) a second ethylene copolymer fraction having low molecular weight, exhibiting linear rheology, and having relatively higher ethylene content (based on the weight of the second ethylene copolymer fraction).

Abstract: The invention is related to a polymer composition comprising a propylene/ethylene/C4 to C10 ?-olefin (GO) terpolymer, which has improved toughness, as well as the article made thereof. The invention also directs to a method for the preparation of the terpolymer and the polymer composition comprising said terpolymer.

Abstract: A composition comprising an ethylene/alpha-olefin/non-conjugated polyene, and wherein the ethylene/alpha-olefin/O non-conjugated polyene comprises the following property: a “13C NMR % iCB Peak Area,” which is the {[(13C NMR peak area from 34.4 ppm to 34.6 ppm) divided by (the 13C NMR sum integral area from 160.0 to 100.0 and from 60.0 ppm to 0.00 ppm)]×100}, that is >0.010%, as determined by 13C NMR.

Abstract: The invention provides a fluoroelastomer molded article having luster and low odor permeation. The fluoroelastomer molded article contains a fluoroelastomer and has luster.

Abstract: Described herein is a cast-molding process for producing contact lenses in a relatively-short curing time from a lens-forming composition, which comprises (a) at least one thiol-containing compound or component, (b) at least one metal scavenger, and (c) at least one free radical scavenger and which has a pH of from about 2.5 to about 5. The addition of a chain-transfer agent into a lens-forming composition can reduce not only the curing time of the lens-forming composition but also reduce the elastic modulus of resultant crosslinked materials (e.g., contact lenses) from the lens-forming composition. The lower pH and the addition of metal scavenger and the free radical scavenger into the lens-forming composition can ensure that the lens-forming composition to have a shelf life of at least three days.

Abstract: Disclosed is a resin modifier containing a polymer comprising a monomer unit having an epoxy group. In a 13C NMR spectrum of the polymer measured in deuterated orthodichlorobenzene to which tetramethylsilane is added, a signal X1 at a chemical shift of 69.4±0.5 ppm and a signal X2 at a chemical shift of 75.1±0.5 ppm are observed when a chemical shift of a signal attributed to tetramethylsilane is taken as 0 ppm.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a novel electro-optic polymer. Another object of the present invention is to provide a novel electro-optic polymer with a low alicyclic methacrylate monomer content. The polymer according to the present invention is a polymer comprising (a) a base polymer having a reactive group (A), (b) an electro-optic molecule having a plurality of reactive groups (B), and a bond (C) formed by reaction of the reactive group (A) with the plurality of reactive groups (B), the bond (C) being at least one type of bond selected from the group consisting of a (thio)ester bond, a (thio)urethane bond, a (thio)urea bond and a (thio)amide bond.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a liquid composition comprising a monomer, a (meth)acrylic polymer and at least one flame-retardant substance (FD1) chosen from a phosphorus-based additive. In particular the present invention it relates to a liquid composition comprising a monomer, a (meth)acrylic polymer and at least one flame-retardant substance (FD1) chosen from a phosphorus-based additive that can be used as a syrup and especially as a syrup for impregnation and for the preparation for improving the fire resistance of a thermoplastic polymer or matrix obtained after polymerization of the syrup. Also concerned is a thermoplastic material obtained after polymerization of the liquid composition or syrup. The invention also relates to a process for manufacturing such a liquid composition or syrup. The invention also relates to a process for impregnating a fibrous substrate of long fibers with said liquid composition or syrup.

Abstract: An active energy ray-curable resin composition which is excellently adhesive to a base material, an undercoat agent which is for a metal thin film and includes the resin composition, and a formed material obtained using the undercoat agent for a metal thin film are provided. The active energy ray-curable resin composition includes, as essential components, an alkyd resin (A), an unsaturated bond-containing polymerizable compound (B), a phenolic compound (C) represented by the following structural formula (1) wherein R1 is a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group), and a photopolymerization initiator (D) having a structural moiety represented by the following structural formula (2) wherein R3's are any of an aliphatic hydrocarbon group, an aryl group, an aralkyl group, an alkoxy group, a hydroxyl group and an amino group, wherein two or more of the R3's may form a ring structure.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a semiconductor substrate having a patterned group-III nitride compound layer without collapsing a formed mask pattern due to reflow or decomposition even when an etching method at a high temperature of 300° C.-700° C. is used, including the steps: forming a patterned mask layer on the substrate's group-III nitride compound layer, and etching the group-III nitride compound layer by dry etching at 300° C. or higher and 700° C. or lower using the mask pattern, to form patterned group-III nitride compound layer, wherein the patterned mask layer contains a polymer containing a unit structure of the following Formula (1): a polymer containing a unit structure of the following Formula (2): ?O—Ar1???Formula (2) a polymer containing a structural unit of the following Formula (3): ?O—Ar2—O—Ar3-T-Ar4???Formula (3) a polymer containing a combination of unit structure of Formula (2) and unit structure of Formula (3), or a crosslinked structure of the polymers.

Abstract: A method for making oligomers is described. The method includes reacting a polyol with a precursor having mixed functionality. The precursor includes a curable functional group and an isocyanate group capable of reacting with an alcohol group of the polyol. The precursor reacts with the alcohol group of the polyol to form a urethane linkage and to add a covalently bonded curable functional group to the polyol. The oligomers can be included in coating compositions for optical fiber and lead to coatings having improved tear strength.

Abstract: An embodiment of the present disclosure relates to a method for producing an optical component resin, suppressing generation of a foreign matter and occurrence of white turbidity, an optical component resin, a spectacle lens, and spectacles. A method for producing an optical component resin, including: a step of mixing a polythiol component, a polyisocyanate component, and an additive to obtain a polymerizable composition; and a step of polymerizing the polymerizable composition, in which the total moisture content of the additive before mixing is 1.0 ppm by mass or more and 10 ppm by mass or less with respect to the amount of the polyisocyanate component, an optical component resin obtained by the producing method, an optical component formed of the optical component resin, a spectacle lens including a lens substrate formed of the optical component resin, and spectacles including the spectacle lens.

Abstract: Polyester polyol blends are disclosed. The blends comprise 70 to 99 wt. % of an aromatic or aliphatic polyester polyol, 0.1 to 10 wt. % of a sugar having an average hydroxyl functionality of 4 to 6 and a melting point less than 125° C., and 1 to 20 wt. % of a glycidyl compound having a boiling point of at least 200° C. at 760 mm Hg. The polyester polyol can be made by glycolysis of a recycled thermoplastic polymer, such as polyethylene terephthalate. The polyol blends are useful for the production of polymeric coatings and other products. Coatings made from blends of the polyester polyols and 0.1 to 10 wt. % of a sugar are also described.

Abstract: Described herein is a process for preparing a polyurethane-type fiber composite material, said process including (a) di- and/or polyisocyanates, (b) compounds having isocyanate-reactive hydrogen atoms, (c) compounds including at least one carbon-carbon double bond, (d) optionally a catalyst to hasten a urethane reaction, (e) optionally a free-radical initiator, and (f) optionally further auxiliary and added-substance materials, being mixed into a reaction mixture—with concomitant wetting of a fiber material—and cured. Also described herein is a polyurethane-type fiber composite material obtainable by a process described herein and also to a method of using the polyurethane-type fiber composite material as a structural component part.

Abstract: A reactive plasticizer is comprised of a reaction product of an isocyanate having two isocyanate groups and a linear polyether monol. The monol has a weight average molecular weight of about 500 to about 2000 grams/mole. The amount of isocyanate and linear polyether monol are such that the isocyanate groups are in molar excess of the amount of alcohol groups and the reaction product has an isocyanate content of 0.1% to 1% by weight of the reaction product, The reactive plasticizer is particularly useful for formulating one part moisture cured polyurethane adhesives comprised of the reactive filler, an isocyanate terminated prepolymer, filler and a catalyst.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are polyurethane polymers comprising at least one polyisocyanate, a polysaccharide comprising: poly alpha-1,3-glucan; a poly alpha-1,3-glucan ester compound as disclosed herein; poly alpha-1,3-1,6-glucan; water-insoluble alpha-(1,3-glucan) polymer having 90% or greater alpha-1,3-glycosidic linkages, less than 1% by weight of alpha-1,3,6-glycosidic branch points, and a number average degree of polymerization in the range of from 55 to 10,000; dextran; or a poly alpha-1,3-glucan ether compound as disclosed herein; and optionally, at least one polyol. Also disclosed are polyurethane compositions comprising the polyurethane polymer and a solvent, as well as polyurethane foams, adhesives, coatings, films, and coated fibrous substrates comprising the polyurethane polymer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to aqueous polyurethane dispersions comprising pentamethylene diisocyanate and to coatings obtainable therefrom. Said coatings, given a high density of urethane and urea groups, are softer than coatings that are obtained with polyurethane dispersions comprising other aliphatic diisocyanates, for example hexamethylene diisocyanate.

Abstract: An isocyanate composition according to the present invention contains: a difunctional or more-functional isocyanate compound; and 1.0 ppm by mass to 1.0×104 ppm by mass, based on the isocyanate compound, of a compound having at least one unsaturated bond excluding unsaturated bonds constituting an aromatic ring, the compound being different from the isocyanate.

Abstract: Disclosed is related to an adhesive composition for encapsulating an organic electronic element and an organic electronic device comprising the same. The adhesive composition includes a curable compound having no carbon-carbon unsaturated group, a thermal initiator, and a photo-initiator. The adhesive composition can form a structure capable of effectively blocking moisture or oxygen introduced from the outside into the organic electronic device, thereby securing the lifetime of the organic electronic device, can realize a top emitting organic electronic device, and can prevent defects such as dark spots which may occur in the organic electronic device.

Abstract: Disclosed is an anhydride-free insulation system for current-carrying construction parts of an electric engine which comprises: (A) a mica paper or mica tape for wrapping parts of said electric engine that are potentially current-carrying during operation of the engine, which mica paper or mica tape is impregnable via vacuum pressure impregnation with a thermally curable epoxy resin formulation and comprises a complex of boron trihalogenide with an amine of the formula BX3·NR1R2R3 or R1R2N—A—NR1R2, wherein X denotes halogen, R1, R2 and R3 are each independently of the others hydrogen, C1-C12alkyl, C5-C30aryl, C6-C36aralkyl or C6-C14cycloalkyl, which can be unsubstituted or substituted by one or more C1-C12alkyl groups, A is a bivalent aliphatic aromatic or cycloaliphatic radical; (B) a thermally curable bath formulation for the vacuum pressure impregnation comprising bisphenol A diglycidyl ether and optionally bisphenol F diglycidyl ether, which formulation is substantially or, preferably, entirel

Abstract: Polyester-epoxide polymer (PEEP) compositions are disclosed. The PEEP compositions comprise a reaction product of a polyepoxide compound (eq. wt. 125 to 250 g/eq.) and a polyester polyol composition. The ratio of epoxy equivalents to hydroxyl equivalents is within the range of 0.8 to 3.5. The PEEP composition has a Tg within the range of ?40° C. to 60° C. Elevated temperature-cure and low temperature-cure processes for making the PEEP compositions are also disclosed. In a simple yet innovative approach, a new class of polymers useful for adhesives, coatings, elastomers, and other valuable products is assembled from readily available starting materials without reliance on polyisocyanates or polyamines. The PEEP compositions have increased elongation and lower Tg when compared with traditional epoxy products.

Abstract: A polymer composition that includes a polyester terephthalate. A method of making a liquid laundry detergent composition using the polymer composition.

Abstract: Provided are an active ester resin composition capable of both exhibiting low shrinkage during curing and forming a cured product having a low elastic modulus under high temperature conditions; a curable resin composition including the ester resin composition; a cured product of the curable resin composition; a printed wiring board; and a semiconductor encapsulating material. The active ester resin composition includes an active ester compound (A) that is an esterification product of a naphthol compound (a1) and an aromatic polycarboxylic acid or an acid halide thereof (a2); and an active ester resin (B) including a product of reaction of essential raw materials including a compound (b1) having one phenolic hydroxyl group, a compound (b2) having two or more phenolic hydroxy groups, and an aromatic polycarboxylic acid or an acid halide thereof (b3), in which the content of the active ester compound (A) is 40% or more.

Abstract: Disclosed is a sealant film including at least a layer formed of a polyester as a superficial layer, in which the polyester contains 20 to 50 mol % of a 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid unit, 18 to 49.5 mol % of at least one diol unit selected from the group consisting of an ethylene glycol unit, a 1,3-propanediol unit, and a 1,4-butanediol unit, and 0.5 to 2.5 mol % of a diethylene glycol unit, the sealant film has a crystallinity of less than 14%, and the sealant film is a stretched film that exhibits a shrinkage ratio of 6% or more in a maximum shrinkage direction upon being allowed to stand at 125° C. for 20 seconds. This provides a sealant film superior in mechanical properties, especially tensile elongation, and also superior in heat sealability, non-adsorptivity, and gas barrier properties.

Abstract: Surface-modified polymer compositions are provided. The surface-modified polymer compositions can include a polymer and a multifunctional linker. The surface-modified polymer compositions can include a polymer, a multifunctional linker, and a surface group. Aqueous-based processes can be used to fabricate the surface-modified polymer compositions.

Abstract: The invention generally relates to compositions comprising degradable polymers and methods of making degradable polymers. Specifically, the disclosed degradable polymers comprise a biodegradable polymer backbone, a nitric oxide linker moiety, and a nitric oxide molecule. This abstract is intended as a scanning tool for purposes of searching in the particular art and is not intended to be limiting of the present invention.

Abstract: A capped poly(arylene ether) copolymer having the formula wherein Y is a divalent linking group of the formula each occurrence of D is independently a group of the formula each occurrence of Z is independently of the formula and Q1a, Q1b, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, z, x, y, e, Ra, Rb, Rc, Rd, Re, Wa, R, R?, and m are as defined herein.

Abstract: A polyamide resin composition with reduced radiation noise includes 50 to 66 wt % of polyamide 66, 30 to 40 wt % of glass fiber, and 3 to 5 wt % of a vibration-damping inorganic material, based on the entire resin composition. The vibration-damping inorganic material is selected from the group consisting of antimony oxide (Sb2O3), barium sulfate (BaSO4), zinc oxide (ZnO), zinc sulfide (ZnS), titanium dioxide (TiO2), and iron oxide (Fe2O3).

Abstract: The invention relates to a polyamide moulding compound consisting of the following components: (A) 35-68 wt. % of at least one semi-crystalline, semi-aromatic, thermoplastic polyamide based on aliphatic diamines with 4-8 carbon atoms with a melting temperature of at least 270° C.; (B) 15-22 wt. % carbon fibres; (C) 18-30 wt. % glass fibres; (D) 1-10 wt. % of an impact-resistance modifier that is different from (E) and/or polymers that are different from (A), (E) and (F); (E) 0-10 wt. % ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer; and (F) 0-3 wt. % additives. In this way, the sum of the components (A)-(F) is 100 wt. %, the sum of the components (B)-(C) is in the range of 33-48 wt. %, and the sum of the components (D)-(E) is in the range of 2-12 wt. %. The moulding compound permits the production of dimensionally stable, electrically conductive components, e.g. for the automotive sector and for contact with fuels, in particular methanol-containing petrol.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for preparing an insoluble polyaniline complex with antimicrobial activity and heavy metal removal efficiency that involves doping a porous nonconductive polyaniline emeraldine base with an organic acid to impart conductivity and then with a metal ion to render the metal ion attached to the surface of the conductive polymer, and a polyaniline complex prepared from the preparation method, which polyaniline complex is excellent in the ability to adsorb and/or eliminate bacteria and other microbes and to remove heavy metals and hence available in any of various applications for antimicrobial activity and heavy metal removal, including filters for water purifier, automobile or household air conditioner, gas masks, water and sewage treatment system, air purifier, cleanroom, etc.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a curable system containing a benzoxazine and a benzothiazole sulfenamide. The curable system may be catalyzed at temperatures generally used to cure multifunctional epoxy resins yet exhibits improved pot-life and processing times and provides a cured article that exhibits acceptable thermo mechanical properties.

Abstract: The present invention provides articles and methods related to insulation panels made from aerogels, and specifically polyimide based aerogels. Such insulation panels have a wide variety of applications, including specifically in aerospace applications.

Abstract: A polyimide precursor solution includes an aqueous solution that contains water; a resin particle that does not dissolve in the aqueous solution; an inorganic particle; and a polyimide precursor.

Abstract: Embodiments relate to a polythiol composition for a plastic optical lens and a polythiourethane-based plastic optical lens prepared therefrom. In the embodiments, a first polythiol compound having mercapto groups only as a hydrogen-bondable functional group and a second polythiol compound having mercapto groups as a hydrogen-bondable functional group and a hydrogen-bondable functional group other than a mercapto group are used in an appropriate amount. Thus, not only is it possible to control the viscosity of a polymerizable composition at the initial stage of polymerization at a low temperature of 5 to 15° C. and to stabilize the rate of increase in the viscosity of the composition and the reaction rate thereof, but also the change in the viscosity at a low temperature is low, thereby preventing the generation of striae, bubbles, and the like.

Abstract: Phenoxyphenylsilane monomers were synthesized and polymerized. The polymers have high refractive indices and excellent UV and thermal stability. Their water and oxygen permeability is lower than commercial phenyl silicone elastomers. They show good compatibility with metal oxide nanoparticles. The polymers of the invention are suitable as LED encapsulant, as light guide material in CMOS image sensors, in OLED devices, lasers and in other optical applications.

Abstract: In various embodiments, the present invention is directed to a centrally-functionalizable living cationic polymer or copolymer having a centrally-substituted tetraene group having the formula wherein each R is selected from the group consisting of a polymer or a copolymer, such as a polyisobutylene polymer or a poly(isobutylene-b-styrene) copolymer.

Abstract: A phenol novolak resin having an excellent balance between the mold shrinkage of a composition containing the phenol novolak resin during heat curing and the modulus of elasticity at high temperature. A phenol novolak resin that is an alkyl phenol novolak resin produced by bonding alkyl phenol (I), in which an alkyl group having a carbon number of 4 to 8 is included as a substituent on an aromatic ring, to each other with a methylene group interposed therebetween, wherein the ratio (a)/(b) of a value (a) of integration from 146 to 148 ppm to a value (b) of integration from 146 to 153 ppm based on the 13C-NMR measurement is within the range of 0.05 to 0.30, and the area ratio of alkyl phenol (I) based on GPC measurement is within the range of 0.01% to 3.0%, a curable resin composition using the same, and a cured product thereof.

Abstract: There is provided a carbon fiber sheet molding composition including a vinyl ester resin type system. The carbon fiber distribution is random. The carbon fiber length is from about 0.5 inches to two inches. The carbon fiber loading is from about 35% to 65%, and includes epoxy sized carbon fiber and vinyl sized carbon fiber effective to achieve predetermined significant increase in desired mechanical properties.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a polymer composition, consisting of (A) 30-90 wt. % of at least one thermoplastic polymer comprising at least a semi-crystalline semi-aromatic polyamide (SSPA-1) in an amount in the range of 30-90 wt. %; (B) 10-70 wt. % of at least one reinforcing agent, and (C) 0-25 wt. % of one or more other components; wherein the SSPA-1 consists of (A-1-a) 90-100 wt. % of repeat units derived from (i) an aromatic dicarboxylic acid and (ii) diamines, and (A-1-b) 0-10 wt. % of repeat units derived from other monomers; the diamines (ii) consist of 80-95 mole % of a linear aliphatic diamine, 5-20 mole % of 2-methyl-pentamethylene diamine, and 0-10 mole % of other diamines; and the SSPA-1 has a melting temperature (Tm) of at least 300° C. The invention further relates to a molded part made of the composition, a process for making the composition and a process for making the molded part.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a polyurethane composite material, comprising a polyurethane resin matrix prepared from a polyurethane composition, and a reinforcement material, wherein the polyurethane composition comprises: A) an isocyanate component comprising one or more organic polyisocyanates; B) an isocyanate-reactive component comprising: b1) one or more organic polyols having an amount of 21-60 wt. % based on 100% by weight of the polyurethane composition; b2) one or more (meth)acrylates comprising hydroxyl groups; and C) a radical reaction initiator; wherein the polyurethane resin matrix is prepared under such reaction conditions that the polyurethane composition undergoes addition polymerization reaction of isocyanate groups and hydroxyl groups and radical polymerization reaction simultaneously. The present invention further relates to the preparation process of the polyurethane composite material.

Abstract: The present invention is a quartz glass fiber-containing prepreg including: (A) a quartz glass fiber; and (B) a curable resin composition, wherein at least one condition of conditions: (1) a dose of ?-ray contained in the quartz glass fiber is 0.005 c/cm2·hour or smaller, and, each of metal ion contents of Na+, Li+ and K+ is 1 ppm or lower; (2) the quartz glass fiber contains the number of foams of 10 foams/m2 or smaller a unit area; and (3) the quartz glass fiber-containing prepreg has the common bending stiffness in the range of a thickness of 100 to 200 ?m measured by a method described in JIS R 3420:2013 of 500 N·m2 or larger is satisfied. This provides a quartz glass fiber-containing prepreg that has particularly excellent dielectric characteristics, has excellent dielectric characteristics and the heat resistance, and/or has high handling property because of high bending stiffness characteristics.

Abstract: The present application relates to: a bioplastic film comprising wheat husk which is a food by-product; a bubble film; and a bubble film product using the same.

Abstract: A prepreg comprising the following constituent elements (A), (B), and (C), the constituent element (C) being present in a surface layer of the prepreg: Constituent element (A): a reinforcing fiber base material; Constituent element (B): an epoxy resin composition containing a curing agent, the epoxy resin composition being cured within the range of from 90° C. to 140° C. (inclusive); and Constituent element (C): particles of a thermoplastic resin having a melting point or a glass transition temperature within the range of from 90° C. to 140° C.

Abstract: A chemical blowing agent for foaming a thermoplastic polymer, for example PVC plastisol or a polymer resin in an extrusion process, comprising a functionalized particulate bicarbonate containing at least one additive, preferably excluding an exothermic blowing agent. The additive may be selected from the group consisting of polymers; inorganic salts; oils; fats; resin acids, any derivative thereof, and salts thereof; amino acids; fatty acids; carboxylic or polycarboxylic acids, soaps; waxes; derivatives thereof; salts thereof; or any combinations thereof. The particulate bicarbonate may be functionalized by spray-drying, coating, extrusion or co-grinding with at least one additive. The functionalized particulate bicarbonate may comprise 50 wt % to less than 100 wt % of the bicarbonate component, and 0.02-50 wt % of the additive. A foamable polymer composition comprising such chemical blowing agent.

Abstract: A process for producing a polyurethane or polyisocyanurate construction board, the process comprising: providing an A-side reactant stream that includes an isocyanate-containing compound; providing a B-side reactant stream that includes a polyol, wherein the B-side reactant stream includes a blowing agent mixture including isopentane and a blowing agent additive that has a Hansen Solubility Parameter (?t) that is greater than 15 MPa0.5; and mixing the A-side reactant stream with the B-side reactant stream to produce a reaction mixture.

Abstract: The invention pertains to a process for manufacturing a glycerol-tricarboxylic acid polyester foam which comprises the steps of combining glycerol and a tri-carboxylic acid to provide a liquid reaction mixture and contacting the reaction mixture with a substrate under polymerization conditions, wherein the substrate has a top layer comprising one or more of metal, metal oxide, and metal halide. The invention also pertains to a glycerol-tricarboxylic polyester foam, in particular a glycerol-citric acid polyester foam, which has a closed cell foam structure wherein at least 90 vol. % of the foam, preferably at least 95% of the foam, is built up from cells having a diameter below 2 mm. The foamed polyester of the present invention is “green”, biodegradable, and non-toxic, and can be cleanly combusted. It finds application in, int. al., packaging materials, insulation materials, and materials with a short life cycle.

Abstract: A polyimide precursor solution includes an aqueous solution that contains water; a resin particle that does not dissolve in the aqueous solution; inorganic particles that have a volume average particle diameter within a range of 0.001 ?m to 0.2 ?m; and a polyimide precursor.