Abstract: The holder has a first surface and a second surface. The head includes a cutting edge portion and a shank portion. The holder is provided with a first hole and a second hole communicating with the first hole, the first hole extending in a third direction inclined by a second angle relative to a second direction extending from the second surface toward the first surface when viewed in a direction parallel to the axis line. The shank portion has a flat surface portion, and is provided inside the second hole. The fastening portion is provided inside the first hole, and is in contact with the flat surface portion. In a plane perpendicular to the axis line, a third angle between the second direction and a fourth direction perpendicular to the flat surface portion is larger than the second angle. The third angle is less than 90°.

Abstract: A method or device for monitoring a work spindle's tool clamping system of a numerically controlled machine tool with a control device controlling the processing of a workpiece with a tool clamped to the work spindle by a tool interface when a tool is clamped to the work spindle's tool interface holder by a tool interface, wherein the work spindle has a plurality of force sensors on a tool interface holder's bearing areas of the work spindle and force sensors' sensor values of the work spindle are provided on the control device with the tool clamped by means of the tool interface to the work spindle's tool interface holder, including monitoring the work spindle's tool clamping system when the tool is clamped by means of the tool interface to the work spindle's tool interface holder at the control device on the basis of a determined force distribution.

Abstract: A bore cutting tool for cutting metal workpieces includes a tool substrate and a tool coating on a surface of the tool substrate. The bore cutting tool includes a plurality of pits in the surface of the tool substrate and wherein the tool coating extends over the pits such that the pit surface includes the tool coating. In this way, the pit dimensions can be retained over prolonged tool life and the pits, with their coated surface, are particularly effective at retaining lubricant so that the thickness of a lubricant film can be increased as compared to a tool without the coated pits. In the embodiments, the pits are formed by laser etching and are present only on the cylindrical land. Average pit depth is suitably in the range 8 ?m to 25 ?m, average pit width and pit length is independently selected from 40 ?m to 250 ?m and average pit density may be 20 to 30 pits/mm2.

Abstract: A drill bit includes a body having a first end, a second end opposite the first end, and an axis of rotation extending centrally through the body. The drill bit includes a cutting head with a cutting tip on the axis of rotation and a cutting portion. The cutting portion includes first tip surfaces on opposite sides of the axis of rotation and second tip surfaces on opposite sides of the axis of rotation. Each first tip surface extends radially outward from the cutting tip to a corresponding second tip surface. Each second tip surface extends from a corresponding first tip surface to an outer periphery of the body. The first tip surfaces define a first tip angle measured through the axis of rotation that is oblique. The second tip surfaces define a second tip angle measured through the axis of rotation that is smaller than the first tip angle.

Abstract: The negative land includes: a first region in which a space between the upper cutting edge and the lower cutting edge becomes wider toward the outer circumferential surface; and a second region which is continuous to the first region and in which the space becomes wider toward the rotation axis. In a cross section perpendicular to the rotation axis, the rake face includes a return face continuous to the outer circumferential surface, the return face being recessed opposite to a rotation direction of the drill. When a first boundary represents a boundary between the outer circumferential surface and the first region and a second boundary represents a boundary between the first region and the second region, a length of the first boundary is larger than a length of the second boundary in a direction parallel to the rotation axis. The second boundary is continuous to the return face.

Abstract: A core drill bit 1 includes a tubular shaft 12, a mounting platform 34 provided on a proximal end of the tubular shaft 12 for mounting the core drill bit on a power tool 35, and an annular cutting section 2 provided with abrasive cutting segments 3 arranged at a distal end of the tubular shaft 12. The core drill bit 1 further includes a transponder 24 and a slit 27 in the tubular shaft 12. The slit 27 forms a slit antenna 26 for the transponder 24.

Abstract: A face milling tool includes a tool body having an axial front end surface with several seats. Each seat has support surfaces for rotationally locking and supporting a tangential cutting insert in the seat. One of the support surfaces is a flat axial support surface for supporting the tangential cutting insert in an axial direction defined by the central rotation axis. The flat axial support surface extends perpendicular to the central rotation axis and is situated axially foremost in the seat. A side wall of each seat is formed out of round side support surfaces. Each tangential cutting insert includes an axial back side with a flat axial contact surface abutting the flat axial support surface and a projecting member extending axially from the flat axial contact surface and having a circumferential side surface forming out of round side contact surfaces abutting the out of round side support surfaces.

Abstract: Broadly contemplated herein, in accordance with at least one embodiment, is a multi-flute end mill configuration that maintains circumferential spacing between the rake surface and clearance surface adjoining two adjacent end face cutting edges, respectively, regardless of the number of flutes and the desired end face configuration.

Abstract: A milling tool has a shank and a milling portion arranged along a longitudinal axis of the milling tool. The milling portion has at least one peripheral blade and a flute that adjoins a cutting edge of the peripheral blade. A radial spacing between the cutting edge and the longitudinal axis is selected on the basis of a specified compensation rotational speed such that a shell surface formed by the rotating cutting edge is circular cylindrical in the case of a rotation of the milling tool at the compensation rotational speed. The radial spacing of the cutting edge increases continuously or decreases continuously as the distance from the shank increases.

Abstract: An apparatus for cutting a profile, including: a cutter configured to make cuts on the profile having a first surface and a second surface, and having at least one rib on the first surface, wherein the cuts are made on the first surface of the profile; a first drive unit to drive the cutter forward and backward to and from the first surface of the profile; and a second drive unit to drive the cutter up and down along the first surface of the profile.

Abstract: A foldable miter saw includes a base unit, a worktable unit rotatably mounted on the base unit and includes an axle block, a cutting unit having a rotatable member axially mounted to the axle block, an adjusting member adjustably mounted on the axle block, and a positioning device mounted on the rotatable member. Rotating the rotatable member relative to the axle block causes the cutting unit to be shifted between a working position where the adjusting member supports the positioning device in position and the end faces of the saw blade are kept perpendicular to the work surface, and a folded position where the adjusting member and the positioning device are separated from each other and one end face of the saw blade approaches the work surface.

Abstract: A foldable miter saw with a saw blade limiting member includes a base unit, a worktable unit and a cutting unit. The worktable unit is rotatably disposed on the base unit and includes a working surface, an outer ring surface and an axial block. The cutting unit includes a rotatable member disposed on the axial block, a supporting arm pivotally disposed on the rotatable member, and a saw blade and a driving member mounted on the supporting arm. The supporting arm includes an inner side surface and a limiting member which protrudes from the inner side surface towards the outer side. When the cutting unit is in the folded position, an end face of the saw blade is disposed in proximity to the working surface, and the limiting member is disposed in proximity of the outer ring surface and between the top surface and the bottom surface.

Abstract: A table saw, preferably a circular table saw, with a support structure which can be placed on a support and on the upper side of which a workpiece support plate is provided, and with a saw blade projecting upwards over the workpiece support plate. The workpiece support plate is mounted so that it can slide in the sawing direction relative to the support structure and to the saw blade and has a splinter protection element arranged on a side of the workpiece support plate facing the saw blade. This side is guided past the saw blade when the workpiece support plate is moved.

Abstract: Provided is an improved lumber edger having a cross cut saw to cross cut flitch into two or more separate pieces of flitch to increase the available amount or value of boards.

Abstract: A reciprocating saw includes a housing defining a motor housing portion, and a motor positioned in the motor housing portion, the motor having a motor output shaft defining a rotational axis, and a motor activation switch within the motor housing portion and adjacent the motor. The reciprocating saw also includes a transmission is positioned downstream of the motor and has a sawbar connectable to a saw blade. The transmission converts a rotational input provided by the motor shaft to a reciprocating output of the sawbar along a reciprocating axis that is either coaxial or parallel with the rotational axis.

Abstract: A massager having a shaft with a blade that allows the massager to be coupled to a conventional jig saw. The massager has a massage head that is shaped to provide massaging and is secured to a mounting flange using a ball interconnect and a washer. The blade has an end configured to engage the blade receiving mechanism of a conventional jig saw. Operation of the jig saw imparts reciprocal movement of the massage head for massaging activities.

Abstract: A metal wire containing tungsten is provided. A tungsten content of the metal wire is at least 90 wt %. A tensile strength of the metal wire is at least 4000 MPa. An elastic modulus of the metal wire is at least 350 GPa and at most 450 GPa. A diameter of the metal wire is at most 60 ?m. An average crystal grain size of the metal wire in a cross-section orthogonal to an axis of the metal wire is at most 0.20 ?m.

Abstract: A hobbing tool includes a hob body having at least one axially extending slot, and at least one cassette removably disposed in the at least one slot. The at least one cassette includes at least one seating recess having at least a bottom abutment surface and two side abutment surfaces. At least one cutting insert is removably mounted in the at least one seating recess. The at least one cutting insert has at least one bottom supporting surface and two side supporting surfaces that abut the bottom abutment surface and the two side abutment surfaces when the at least one cutting insert is received in the at least one seating recess. The hob body includes a plurality of axially extending slots. The hobbing tool also includes a corresponding plurality of cassettes removably mounted in the plurality of axially extending slots. Each cassette of the plurality of cassettes is identical to every other cassette of the plurality of cassettes.

Abstract: A method for automated positioning of a toothed workpiece, having the following method steps: providing a toothed workpiece, which has a machine-readable, workpiece-specific marking, such as a QR code, a barcode, an RFID tag, or the like; attaching the toothed workpiece on a spindle of a CNC-controlled multiaxis machine; automatically acquiring the marking of the workpiece; ascertaining an actual position of the workpiece in relation to the multiaxis machine on the basis of the marking; transferring the workpiece from the actual position into a setpoint position in relation to the multiaxis machine, before a machining and/or measuring method is carried out in the multiaxis machine.

Abstract: The wire electric discharge machining device includes a wire bobbin configured to wind and hold a wire electrode, a wire delivery means configured to draw the wire electrode from the wire bobbin and deliver the wire electrode continuously toward a work-piece, a load applying means configured to apply a load to the wire bobbin in a direction against the drawing of the wire electrode, rotation speed detection means configured to detect a rotation speed of the wire bobbin, an emptiness determination means configured to determine that the wire bobbin reaches an empty state based on a rapid change in the rotation speed of the wire bobbin detected by the rotation speed detection means, and a drive control part configured to stop the drive of the wire delivery means when the emptiness determination means determines that the wire bobbin reaches the empty state.

Abstract: A wire electrical discharge machine includes a wire feeding hole position acquisition unit configured to obtain a position of a wire feeding hole that allows for insertion and feeding of a wire electrode. In this wire electrical discharge machine, when the position of the wire feeding hole obtained by the wire feeding hole position acquisition unit is deviated from a wire feeding position defined by a machining program, a wire feeding control unit controls a machine main body to move the wire electrode to the position of the wire feeding hole and feed the wire electrode there, and a machining control unit controls the machine main body to perform electrical discharge machining on a workpiece with the wire electrode while moving the wire electrode on a path segment between a position where the wire electrode has been fed and the wire feeding position defined by the machining program.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to bonded assemblies (89) and a method of manufacture of such bonded assemblies (89).

Abstract: A welding device according to some embodiments includes a rotary table fixing two irregular shaped plates which are overlapped, a torch unit including a welding torch positioned to face outer peripheral edges of the two irregular shaped plates fixed to the rotary table, a torch actuator configured to move the welding torch toward and away from the outer peripheral edges, an after-shielding part mounted to the welding torch on downstream side in a rotational direction of the rotary table and having nozzles arranged along the rotational direction, configured to jet shielding gas to the outer peripheral edges, and including a first nozzle positioned upstream and a second nozzle positioned downstream of the first nozzle in the rotational direction, and a controller configured to control an orientation of the nozzle in a direction of decreasing a shielding-gas-jetting distance between the second nozzle and the outer peripheral edges welded by the welding torch.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to: a method for arc spot welding a steel plate having a carbon equivalent CeqBM of 0.35 or more (the carbon equivalent CeqBM is defined in the specification) and containing 0.35 mass % or more of C, the method being characterized by forming a weld metal having a structure in which the proportion of an austenitic structure exceeds 80%; and a welding wire suitable for being used therefor. According to the arc spot welding method, brittle fracture can be prevented and high joint strength can be obtained even when the C content in the steel plate is high.

Abstract: Molybdenum is alloyed into stainless steel surface by electro-spark deposition technique. Shielding gas is used during electro-spark deposition process to minimize the oxidation of materials. Control of electro-spark voltage, frequency, capacitance, time can determine the alloying depth of Molybdenum. The alloyed surface thickness varies from 5 ?m to 80 ?m depending on the electro-spark deposition parameters. The alloyed surface comprises, by weight, 15 to 40% of Molybdenum, 8 to 22% of Cr, 0-15% of other alloy elements and impurities. The molybdenum alloyed stainless steel surface exhibits improvement in micro-hardness, wear resistance, and especially corrosion resistance in sodium chloride solutions. Thus, the present invention would be utilized in marine and handling of brines application, as well as in other applications which better corrosion resistance of stainless steel is desired.

Abstract: A welding-type power system than includes a power supply, a DC power bus, an energy storage device, and a bi-directional converter. The bi-directional converter configured to connect the DC power bus to the energy storage device, and further configured to convert power from the DC power bus to the energy storage device to charge the energy storage device, and to convert power from the energy storage device to the DC power bus in response to a power demand on the DC power bus. The bi-directional converter further configured to balance the DC power bus. A controller is configured to control the duty cycle of the bi-directional converter in order to balance the DC power bus, and control the flow of power between the energy storage device and the DC power bus.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for providing welding type power on one of at least two output terminals is disclosed. Input power is received and welding type power is derived and provided by a shared power circuit. The welding type power is provided across a shared terminal and only two process terminals in response to a desired process. The desired process can be set bu user input, feedback, or sensing working connections. The process terminal is selected by selectively opening and closing at least two controllable switches.

Abstract: A method is provided for controlling arc welding including forward and reverse feeding periods alternately switched. By the method, a set of a short circuit period and an arc period is repeated, and the arc welding is controlled such that the reverse feeding period shifts to the forward feeding period when an arc occurs during the reverse feeding period, and that the forward feeding period shifts to the reverse feeding period when a short circuit occurs between the welding wire and the object during the forward feeding period. The reverse feeding period includes a reverse feeding deceleration period having a time length that is adjusted in accordance with the time length of the short circuit period.

Abstract: A wire shaping device for shaping a welding wire stored in a bulked storage container shapes the welding wire by flexing of the welding wire as it is drawn around sheaves. The wire shaping device can be located immediately adjacent to a wire feeding device of the welder. In use, the wire shaping device may include an inlet port for receiving the wire, a first rotatable sheave for receiving the wire from the inlet port, the first rotatable sheave being rotatable in a first direction; a second rotatable sheave for receiving the wire from the first rotatable sheave, the second rotatable sheave being rotatable in a second direction opposite of the first direction; and an outlet port for receiving the wire from the second rotatable sheave. The wire shaping device may also include a mounting plate and first and second rollers operatively associated with the first and second sheaves, respectively.

Abstract: A gas-shielded arc welding method includes welding a steel plate having a tensile strength of 780 MPa or more while feeding a consumable electrode via a welding torch and flowing a shielding gas. The consumable electrode includes, in mass %, C: 0 to 0.20%, Si: 0 to 0.50%, Mn: 0 to 0.50%, Cr: 1.00% to 9.00%, S: 0.0020% to 0.0600%, and Ni: 0 to 0.50%. The shielding gas includes, in vol. %, at least one of CO2 and O2: 1% to 15% in total, with the remainder being Ar and unavoidable impurities. Welding is performed under the condition satisfying the relationship of 1?{?0.05×[CO2+O2]}+[Cr]?8.3, and [Cr] represents the content of Cr in the consumable electrode, and [CO2+O2] represents a total content of at least one of CO2 and O2 in the shielding gas.

Abstract: A hole cutting system and device for a plasma torch. The system employs a two element guide member which ensures stability during the cutting process while virtually eliminating deviation from the desired circle radius. A hold down plate is used to secure the device in position. An adjustable torch cup holder is pivotally attached to a rotatable inner member. A stationary annular outer member is attached to the hold down plate and includes a plurality of hold down clips for securing a workpiece. An annular recess is formed in the outer member and is sized for slidingly engaging the rotatable inner member so that the annular outer member functions as a guide for the inner member. The diameter of the hole to be cut in the workpiece is controlled by adjusting the angular position of the torch cup holder.

Abstract: Welded assemblies and related methods of making the welded assemblies include a first component of a first metal material, a second component of a second metal material that is different from the first metal material, and a transition material including one or more of a high entropy alloy, a pure element, and an alloy that is not a high entropy alloy, and that is arranged between and contacting the first component and the second component. An ultrasonic weld joins the transition material to the first component, and a fusion weld joins the first component to the second component. The fusion weld contact the first component, the second component, and the transition material. The amount or level of one or more of galvanic corrosion, intermetallic compounds, and solidification cracking in the fusion weld is less than if the first component was fusion welded directly to the second component.

Abstract: In one aspect, methods of fabricating cutting tools employing ultrahard materials are described herein. A method of making a cutting tool comprises electronically loading a cutting tool pattern into a laser machining system and providing a blank to the laser machining system, the blank comprising a layer of ultrahard material. The cutting tool pattern is administered to the blank via a single laser processing step to form the cutting tool including at least one as-formed cutting edge comprising the ultrahard material and having an edge radius less than 10 ?m. The single laser processing step can provide the cutting tool in final form, thereby obviating further processing steps.

Abstract: Wafers are aligned with one another by reference to features formed on or in each wafer. A method includes forming a first pivot-notch, a first stop-notch, and a first bias-notch in a first wafer by reference to first features formed on or in the first wafer. Also formed is a second pivot-notch, a second stop-notch, and a second bias-notch in a second wafer by reference to second features formed on or in the second wafer. A first wafer is mounted in an aligning device, wherein a two-contact element enters into the first pivot-notch, and a single-contact element enters the first stop-notch. The second wafer is mounted in the aligning device, wherein the two-contact element enters into the second pivot-notch, and the single-contact element enters the second stop-notch. A biasing force is exerted onto surfaces of the first and second bias-notches to align the first features with the second features.

Abstract: A laser processing method which can efficiently perform laser processing while minimizing the deviation of the converging point of a laser beam in end parts of an object to be processed is provided.

Abstract: A laser processing apparatus includes a light source which outputs a laser light, and a waveform control unit which controls a pulse waveform of the laser light irradiating the workpiece, in which the pulse waveform of the laser light controlled by the waveform control unit includes a main pulse and a foot pulse temporally preceding the main pulse, and a peak intensity of the foot pulse is smaller than a peak intensity of the main pulse, and a peak position of the main pulse is positioned in a retention time period of plasma generated due to an incidence of the foot pulse on the workpiece.

Abstract: A hybrid weld joint for joining sheet metal pieces together. According to one example, the hybrid weld joint exhibits characteristics of both butt welds and lap joints and is used to create a tailor-welded blank assembly where at least one sheet metal piece is made of aluminum or an aluminum-based alloy. Such a tailor-welded blank assembly is particularly suitable for the automotive industry.

Abstract: There is described a method for welding a first panel to a second panel. The method comprises forming an approximate connection, such as a mortise-and-tenon or a tongue-and-groove connection, to preassemble the first panel and the second panel, thereby roughly creating a joint between the first panel and the second panel. With a laser camera, a location and a spatial orientation of the joint is determined using a tracking algorithm. A laser is eventually displaced at a given location which depends upon the location and the spatial orientation of the joint. The joint is then irradiated with the laser, while displacing the laser along the spatial orientation of the joint, to weld the first panel with the second panel.

Abstract: Systems and methods for additively manufacturing or repairing a component from a base material. The system may include an inoculation source to direct inoculation materials and a laser metal deposition (LMD) system to direct laser energy during laser processing of additive materials deposited in a melt pool on the base material. The LMD system includes a laser energy source configured to direct laser energy towards the base material and inoculation materials to form the melt pool thereon and to process the deposited additive materials and inoculation materials to form layers on the base material upon solidification.

Abstract: An additive manufacturing system includes a laser device, a build plate, and a scanning device. The laser device is configured to generate a laser beam with a variable intensity. The build plate is configured to support a powdered build material. The scanning device is configured to selectively direct the laser beam across the powdered build material to generate a melt pool on the build plate. The scanning device is configured to oscillate a spatial position of the laser beam while the laser device simultaneously modulates the intensity of the laser beam to facilitate reducing spatter and to facilitate reducing a temperature of the melt pool to reduce overheating of the melt pool.

Abstract: An additive manufacturing system includes a laser device, a build plate, and a scanning device. The laser device is configured to generate a laser beam with a variable intensity. The build plate is configured to support a powdered build material. The scanning device is configured to selectively direct the laser beam across the powdered build material to generate a melt pool on the build plate. The scanning device is configured to oscillate a spatial position of the laser beam while the laser device is configured to simultaneously modulate the intensity of the laser beam to thermally control the melt pool.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes three-dimensional (3D) printing apparatuses, processes, software, and systems for producing high quality 3D objects. Described herein are printing apparatuses that facilitate control of water vapor concentration during one or more printing operations.

Abstract: The invention belongs to the field of additive manufacturing of amorphous alloy, and discloses a laser 3D printing forming system of amorphous alloy foil and a forming method thereof. The unnecessary material of the amorphous alloy foil is cut by a first laser and then the remaining portion is selectively scanned and heated by a second laser so that the amorphous alloy is heated to be in a superplastic state in the supercooled liquid region. Then, the amorphous alloy foil is rolled by a preheated roller in combination with the ultrasonic vibration to achieve interatomic bonding between layers of the amorphous alloy foil, and the amorphous alloy foil is then rapidly cooled, so that an amorphous alloy part with a large size, a complicated shape and a porous structure is formed.

Abstract: A laser processing method for performing groove processing by applying to a workpiece a laser beam of such a wavelength as to be absorbed in the workpiece includes: a protective member disposing step of disposing a protective member on an upper surface of the workpiece; a liquid layer forming step of forming a liquid layer on the upper surface of the workpiece; a laser beam applying step of applying the laser beam through the liquid layer to subject the upper surface of the workpiece to groove processing and to produce minute bubbles; and a debris removing step of removing debris from inside of grooves by rupture of the bubbles.

Abstract: A method for the laser-based generation of a structure on a rake face of a cutting tool is disclosed, where at least one structure is formed by lines that are generated with a mutual spacing of at most 400 ?m with a laser beam at least in areas within a predetermined contour on at least one rake face of the cutting tool. A course of the lines forming the structure is oriented with respect to a profile of at least one cutting edge of the at least one rake face.

Abstract: Provided are a slicing method and a slicing apparatus, which prevent a trouble that occurs when a workpiece having a modified layer formed therein is separated at the modified layer as a boundary. Separation apparatus 200 includes: heating apparatus 12 for melting modified layer 8 of workpiece 1 formed by collection of a laser beam, by heating modified layer 8 at a temperature that is less than a melting point of workpiece 1 and equal to or more than a melting point of modified layer 8; and separation jig 11 for separating workpiece 1 at melted modified layer 8 as a boundary.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for determining a focal position of a machining beam, in particular a laser beam, relative to a workpiece when machining the workpiece using the machining beam, having the following steps: receiving at least one spatially resolved image of a workpiece region to be monitored, said region comprising the cut edges of a cut gap formed during the machining process on the upper face of the workpiece, ascertaining a gap width of the cut gap on the upper face of the workpiece using the cut edges in the at least one spatially resolved image, and determining the focal position of the machining beam relative to the workpiece using the ascertained gap width. The invention also relates to a corresponding device.

Abstract: The liquid-assisted micromachining methods include methods of processing a substrate made of a transparent dielectric material. A working surface of the substrate is placed in contact with a liquid-assist medium that comprises fluorine. A focused pulsed laser beam is directed through a first substrate surface and through the opposite working surface to form a focus spot in the liquid-assist medium. The focus spot is then moved over a motion path from its initial position in the liquid-assist medium through the substrate body in the general direction from the working surface to the first surface to create a modification of the transparent dielectric material that defines in the body a core portion. The core portion is removed to form the substrate feature, which can be a through or closed fiber hole that supports one or more optical fibers. Optical components formed using the processed substrate are also disclosed.

Abstract: A weld coupon destructive test device includes a support base. A plunger is connected to the support base and is movable along a length of the support base by a handle mounted to rotate on a pivot base on the support base. A header on the support base has a guide surface configured to press a weld coupon between the guide surface and the head of the plunger. A guide shoe is configured to fit against the guide surface of the header, the curved guide shoe has a first face and a second face, the first face is curved to conform to the head on the plunger, and the second face is curved to conform to the curved guide surface of the header. The handle is operable in a slotted bar to break a weld coupon under pressure.

Abstract: A multilayer composite bonding material with a plurality of thermal stress compensation layers is provided. The plurality of thermal stress compensation layers include a metal core layer, a pair of particle layers extending across the metal core layer such that the metal core layer is sandwiched between the pair of particle layers, and a pair of metal outer layers extending across the pair of particle layers such that the pair of particle layers are sandwiched between the pair of metal outer layers. A pair of low melting point (LMP) bonding layers extend across the pair of metal outer layers. The metal core layer, the pair of particle layers, and the pair of metal outer layers each have a melting point above a transient liquid phase (TLP) sintering temperature, and the pair of LMP bonding layers each have a melting point below the TLP sintering temperature.