Abstract: A process is disclosed for removing fluoridated compounds from any organic medium, for example from alkylation (“alkylated”) gasoline, which can be applied at the exit of the alkylation process or inside the distillation column of the alkylation process. The process uses extractant chemical agents based on ionic liquids, of general formula C+A?, where C+ represents an organic or inorganic cation, specifically imidazolium, pyridinium, or ammonium salts, while the anion A? represents the halide-type derivatives, iron (III) salts, aluminum (III) salts, acetate, benzoate-acetates, benzoates, hexafluorophosphate, tetra-chloroborate, triflates, bis-triflates and trifluoroacetates. These ionic liquids act as extractant agents to remove fluoridated compounds from the hydrocarbon streams that are produced in the process of alkylation of isubutane with butenes, through a liquid-liquid extraction process, with a reduction of more than 80% in the content of contaminants like organofluoridated hydrocarbons.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of a composition that comprises a) one or more condensation products of 1-amino-propan-2-ol and formaldehyde and b) monoethylene glycol, wherein component a) is present in an amount from 5 to 70% by weight and component b) is present in an amount from 30 to 95% by weight, in each case based on the weight of the composition, in the removal of sulphur compounds from process streams.

Abstract: A liquid hydrocarbon desulfurization system having at least one processing unit, and preferably an initial and an end processing unit. Each processing unit having a reactor assembly and a sorption system. An aqueous system directs aqueous into the reactor assembly together with liquid hydrocarbon, wherein the two are mixed using shear mixers. An adsorbent system provides adsorbent to the sorption column to adsorb the oxidized sulfur resulting through the mixing of the liquid hydrocarbon with the aqueous. A system having multiple processing units is disclosed, as well as systems for transferring adsorbent and providing aqueous. A plurality of methods is likewise disclosed.

Abstract: A multi-stage process for reducing the environmental contaminants in a ISO8217 compliant Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil involving a core desulfurizing process and an Oxidative desulfurizing process as either a pre-treating step or post-treating step to the core process. The Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil is compliant with ISO 8217A for residual marine fuel oils and has a sulfur level has a maximum sulfur content (ISO 14596 or ISO 8754) between the range of 0.05% wt. to 0.5% wt. A process plant for conducting the process is also disclosed.

Abstract: In a method of hydroprocessing, hydrogen gas for the hydroprocessing reaction is combined with a liquid feed composition comprising a feedstock to be treated and a diluent to form a feed stream, at least a portion of the hydrogen gas being dissolved in the liquid feed composition of the feed stream, with non-dissolved hydrogen gas being present in the feed stream in an amount of from 1 to 70 SCF/bbl of the liquid feed composition. The feed stream is contacted with a hydroprocessing catalyst, within a reactor while maintaining a liquid mass flux within the reactor of at least 5000 lb/hr·ft2 to form a hydroprocessed product.

Abstract: Bimetallic catalysts for the hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) conversion of lignin into useful hydrocarbons are provided. The catalysts are bifunctional bimetallic ruthenium catalysts Ru-M/X+Y comprising a metal M such as iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu) or zinc (Zn), zeolite Y and cation X+ (e.g. H+) associated with zeolite Y.

Abstract: A process for hydrodealkylating a hydrocarbon stream comprising (a) contacting the hydrocarbon stream with a hydroprocessing catalyst in a hydroprocessing reactor in the presence of hydrogen to yield a hydrocarbon product, wherein the hydrocarbon stream contains C9+ aromatic hydrocarbons; and (b) recovering a treated hydrocarbon stream from the hydrocarbon product, wherein the treated hydrocarbon stream comprises C9+ aromatic hydrocarbons, wherein an amount of C9+ aromatic hydrocarbons in the treated hydrocarbon stream is less than an amount of C9+ aromatic hydrocarbons in the hydrocarbon stream due to hydrodealkylating of at least a portion of C9+ aromatic hydrocarbons from the hydrocarbon stream during the step (a) of contacting.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for upgrading a Fischer-Tropsch product by hydrocracking in the presence of a hydrocracking catalyst in a reactor, wherein the process is initiated by a series of steps (i) to (iv). The hydrocracking catalyst is (i) contacted with a hydrogen-containing stream having a feed temperature of from 360° C. to 420° C.; (ii) the feed temperature of the hydrogen-containing stream is reduced to a temperature of from 220° C. to 280° C.; (iii) the catalyst is contacted with a Fischer-Tropsch product stream having a feed temperature of from 220° C. to 280° C., which is co-fed with the hydrogen-containing stream; and (iv) the catalyst is co-fed with a Fischer-Tropsch product stream and hydrogen-containing stream having feed temperatures of from 380° C. and 400° C. for at least four days and wherein the hydrocracking catalyst is not activated by sulfiding.

Abstract: Solvent deasphalting (SDA) is used to extract deasphalted oil from heavier hydrocarbons in series. The pitch stream from solvent deasphalting is calcined to recover volatile hydrocarbon vapor products and calcined solids. The hydrocarbon vapors can be fractionated to recover valuable transportation range fuel products. The pitch stream can be first fed to the fractionation column before calcination.

Abstract: Methods are provided for producing Group I base stocks having high viscosity and also having one or more properties indicative of a high quality base stock. The resulting Group I base stocks can have a viscosity at 100° C. and/or a viscosity at 40° C. that is greater than the corresponding viscosity for a conventional Group I bright stock formed by solvent processing. Additionally, the resulting Group I base stocks can have one or more properties that are indicative of a high quality base stock.

Abstract: The invention generally relates to processes for separating steam cracker products by fractional distillation, and to systems and apparatus useful in such processes. More specifically, the invention relates to decreasing the amount of fractionator fouling that can result from increasing the amount of hydrocarbon molecules in the steam cracker feed having four or fewer carbon atoms.

Abstract: The present application relates to a process for treating gasoline, comprising the steps of: contacting a gasoline feedstock with a mixed catalyst and subjecting it to desulfurization and aromatization in the presence of hydrogen to obtain a desulfurization-aromatization product; optionally, splitting the resulting desulfurization-aromatization product into a light gasoline fraction and a heavy gasoline fraction; and, optionally, subjecting the resulting light gasoline fraction to etherification to obtain an etherified oil; wherein the mixed catalyst comprises an adsorption desulfurization catalyst and an aromatization catalyst. The process of the present application is capable of reducing the sulfur and olefin content of gasoline and at the same time increasing the octane number of the gasoline while maintaining a high yield of gasoline.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for gasification of biomass. Biogenic residue may be supplied to a heating zone to dry the biomass and allow the volatile constituents to escape to generate a pyrolysis gas. The pyrolysis gas is supplied to an oxidation zone and substoichiometrically oxidized there to generate a crude gas. The carbonaceous residue generated in the heating zone and the crude gas is partially gasified in a gasification zone. The gasification forms activated carbon and a hot process gas. The activated carbon and the hot process gas are conjointly cooled. The adsorption process during the conjoined cooling has the result that tar from the hot process gas is absorbed on the activated carbon in the cooling zone. A pure gas which is substantially tar-free is obtained. The tar-enriched activated carbon may be at least partly burned for heating the heating zone and/or the gasification zone.

Abstract: Techniques for processing biomass are disclosed herein. A method of preparing cellulosic ethanol having 100% biogenic carbon content as determined by ASTM 6866-18, includes treating ground corn cobs with electron beam radiation and saccharifying the irradiated ground corn cob to produce sugars. The method also includes fermenting the sugars with a microorganism. In addition, an unblended cellulosic-biomass derived gasoline with a research octane number of greater than about 87, as determined by ASTM D2699 is disclosed.

Abstract: A system for producing biomass pellets comprising a pan mill for comminuting a biomass material, a treatment means in which the comminuted biomass material is treated with an oxidizing reactant and a pellet press for pressing pellets from the treated biomass material. The invention further relates to an associated process. The intention is to initiate during pellet production oxidation reactions which can otherwise result in autoignition of the pellets in pellet heaps.

Abstract: A conventional agricultural “cuber” machine was modified to transform fibrous, low density cellulosic biomass into a mechanically stable form suitable for use as a feed stock to a bulk flow torrefier process without requiring the addition of a “binder” or other such adjuvant. Certain disclosed embodiments of the product concern a compact “cube” or “thin puck” of raw cellulosic biomass having a density of from 4 to 15 times the bulk density of the shredded raw biomass or from 20 to 32 lb/cu ft. The moisture content is below 10%, typically 3-8%. The strength of the product as measured by dropping the product onto a hard surface from a height of 3 ft. will not produce more than 10% breakage. The products of the present invention can be produced having any desirable dimensions, such as substantially square-, rectangular- or parallelogram-shaped product having at least one dimension of from about 5 to about 30 millimeters, which corresponds to the dimension of the die 2 in FIG. 2.

Abstract: Methods are provided for producing Group III base stocks having high viscosity and also having one or more properties indicative of a high quality base stock. The resulting Group III base stocks can have a viscosity at 100° C. and/or a viscosity at 40° C. that is greater than the corresponding viscosity for a conventional Group III base stock. Additionally, the resulting Group III base stocks can have one or more properties that are indicative of a high quality base stock.

Abstract: Bottlebrush poly(alpha olefin)s of high carbon number, greater than 12 such as poly(octadecene), are used as a thickener for a synthetic base oil grease lubricant that is based on oligomerized alpha olefin with carbon number from 7 to 12, such as oligo(decene). Dispersion aids are not required in the present lubricants because poly(octadecene) can be dissolved in oligo(decene). The lubricant is a solid grease formed by percolation/network of the poly(octadecene) crystals, at a sufficient concentration, after the crystallization of poly(octadecene), and water resistant having oxidation/high temperature stability.

Abstract: A lubricating oil composition for industrial machines containing a base oil (A) and a specific acylglycerol (B) and having excellent brake squeal preventing performance, and a lubrication method using the composition.

Abstract: A graft copolymer can include, in its backbone, at least one segment having repeating units obtainable by ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of an optionally substituted cycloalkene, and at least one segment comprising repeating units obtainable by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of a (meth)acrylate. The corresponding graft copolymer is highly suitable for use as an oil additive in internal combustion engines, in particular, in combustion engines which are operated for longer periods of time at substantially constant operating temperatures.

Abstract: A method for lubricating an internal combustion engine, the method including: supplying a lubricating oil composition to a cylinder of an internal combustion engine, wherein the internal combustion engine has a mean effective pressure of no less than 1.3 MPa, wherein an integrated intensity ratio of peaks of CaO in a X-ray diffraction spectrum of an ash is no more than 16.5%, the ash being obtained by incinerating the lubricating oil composition in an air at 950° C.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a refrigerator oil containing (A) a mineral oil having a kinematic viscosity at 40° C. of 0.50 mm2/s or more and 8.00 mm2/s or less, (B) a polyphosphate ester-based compound, and (C) a dissolution aid for the component (B).

Abstract: A method for applying a treatment agent to a substrate, wherein the treatment agent is bound to a solid polymeric particle at a first pH, and wherein the substrate is contacted with the solid polymeric treatment particles under conditions such that the treatment agent is released from the solid polymeric treatment particles.

Abstract: A solid cleaning composition includes a solidified surfactant blend. The solidified surfactant blend includes (1) at least one metal alkyl ether sulfate having the formula: wherein the first metal is sodium, potassium, magnesium, or calcium, a is 1 or 2, AO is ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, or combinations thereof, x is 0.1 to 3, and y is 11 to 13. The solidified surfactant blend also includes a (2) solid surfactant and optionally (3) polyethylene glycol. Furthermore, (1) and (2) are present in a weight ratio of from 30:70 to 70:30 based on a total weight of the solidified surfactant blend. The solid cleaning composition has non-cohesive powder flow properties as determined using a Brookfield powder flow tester.

Abstract: A multiuse, high efficiency and environment-friendly cleaning solution and preparation method therefor, the cleaning solution comprising the following components: sodium polyacrylate, surface active agent and deionized water. The surface active agent comprises a combination of any two or more of alkyl-polyoxyethylene ether acetate, plant polyenoid phenol polyoxyethylene ether or laurinol polyoxyethylene ether. The cleaning solution has a wide range of cleaning uses, and may exhibit a good cleaning effect when applied in multiple fields.

Abstract: Liquid fabric enhancer compositions that include branched polyester compounds. Methods of making and using same.

Abstract: A composition including a plurality of particles, the particles including: about 25% to about 94% by weight a water-soluble carrier; about 5% to about 45% by weight of a branched polyester; and an optional deposition aid; wherein each of the particles can have a mass from about 1 mg to about 1 g.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a new process for the preparation of melamine-formaldehyde free microcapsules. Microcapsules obtainable by said process are also an object of the invention. Perfuming compositions and consumer products comprising said capsules, in particular perfumed consumer products in the form of home care or personal care products, are also part of the invention.

Abstract: The present invention concerns the use of enzymes for removing soil from a surface during the rising of the surface, wherein the rinsing is following a washing cycle. The invention further concerns a rinse aid composition for rinsing the surface and a method for removing soil from the surface during a rinsing step.

Abstract: Described are compositions and methods relating to the removal of oily stains from fabrics and other surfaces using a lipase in combination with a selected surfactant to mediate the release of fatty acids generated by the lipase. The compositions and methods have application in, e.g., laundry cleaning and dishwashing.

Abstract: Stable unit dose detergent pacs are provided which are less prone to leakage or breakage and more aesthetically pleasing during handling. The unit dose pacs include a water-soluble container formed from a water-soluble or water-dispersible film and a wash composition encapsulated in the container. According to one embodiment, the wash composition includes an anionic surfactant present at from about 2% to about 35%, a non-ionic surfactant present at from about 2% to about 30%, and a solvent system present at from about 37.5% to about 80%, characterized in that the solvent system is composed of water and a single non-aqueous solvent only, or composed of water, a single non-aqueous solvent, and a residual solvent (less than 5%) only.

Abstract: A disinfectant composition imparting a residual biocidal property, the composition including: i) a polymer binder, wherein the polymer binder is an oxazoline homopolymer or an extended or a modified polymer based on an oxazoline homopolymer; ii) a biocidal quaternary ammonium compound; iii) a polyacrylate polymer having a molecular weight from about 100 to about 5,000 g/mol; iv) a glycol ether of formula R1O(R2O)nR3 (I) wherein R1 is a linear or branched C4, C5 or C6 alkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, preferably n-butyl R2 is ethyl or isopropyl, preferably isopropyl R3 is hydrogen or methyl, preferably hydrogen n is 1, 2 or 3, preferably 1 or 2; and v) preferably a carrier.

Abstract: The invention relates to an encapsulated fragrance composition including at least one microcapsule dispersed in a dispersion medium, said at least one microcapsule including a fragrance oil core and a positively charged shell, which includes a reaction product of at least one at least difunctional anionically modified isocyanate with an amine or alcohol, preferably a polyamine, and wherein the shell is formed around droplet of core material that is stabilized with a positively charged colloidal stabilizer. Furthermore, the invention relates to a process of formation of said encapsulated fragrance compositions.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to compositions containing 1) at least one water soluble polar aprotic organic solvent; 2) at least one quaternary ammonium hydroxide; 3) at least one carboxylic acid; 4) at least one Group II metal cation; 5) at least one copper corrosion inhibitor selected from the group consisting of 6-substituted-2,4-diamino-1,3,5-triazines; and 6) water. The compositions can effectively strip positive or negative-tone resists or resist residues, and be non-corrosive to bumps and underlying metallization materials (such as SnAg, CuNiSn, CuCoCu, CoSn, Ni, Cu, Al, W, Sn, Co, and the like) on a semiconductor substrate.

Abstract: The invention relates to solidification of liquid anionic surfactants with a binder, carrier, or both binder and carrier to form a solidified surfactant composition. In particular, the invention relates to solidification of liquid surfactants utilizing drying device(s), wherein the feed composition contains at least one liquid surfactant and the binder, carrier, or binder and carrier to form a solidified surfactant composition. The solidified surfactant compositions can be useful in various cleaning compositions.

Abstract: The invention relates to solidification of liquid amine oxide, betaine, and/or sultaine surfactants with a carrier to form a solidified surfactant composition. In particular, the invention relates to solidification of liquid surfactants utilizing drying device(s), wherein the feed composition contains at least one liquid surfactant and a carrier to form a solidified surfactant composition. The solidified surfactant compositions can be useful in various cleaning compositions.

Abstract: The invention relates to solidification of liquid amine oxide, betaine, and/or sultaine surfactants with a binder to form a solidified surfactant composition. In particular, the invention relates to solidification of liquid surfactants utilizing drying device(s), wherein the feed composition contains at least one liquid surfactant and a binder and optional carrier to form a solidified surfactant composition. The solidified surfactant compositions can be useful in various cleaning compositions.

Abstract: A composition for use on a hard surface. The composition has: (i) at least 7.5 wt. % of at least one surfactant selected; (ii) a blend of linear primary alcohols, or a blend of ethoxylated linear primary alcohols, wherein each alcohol of the non-ethoxylated blend or ethoxylated blend includes a carbon chain containing 9-17 carbons; (iii) a transport rate factor of less than about 55 seconds; and (iv) an adhesion time of greater than about 8 hours.

Abstract: A cleaning composition, which is self-adhering upon application to a hard surface, is provided. The cleaning composition includes an adhesion promoter, water and a sufficient amount of a basic agent, such that a mixture of the composition with deionized water has a pH of at least about 10. The adhesion promoter typically includes one or more organic compounds, each containing at least one hydrophilic group. The cleaning compositions may also include at least one surfactant selected from the group of: anionic, nonionic, cationic, amphoteric, and/or zwitterionic surfactants; where one or more of the surfactants may serve all or in part as the adhesion promoter.

Abstract: The present invention provides a microemulsion remover comprising, based on the total weight of the microemulsion remover, 1) from 10% to 60%, at least one organic solvent, ii) from 10% to 50%, at least one co-solvent, iii) from 0.1% to 10%, at least one base, iv) from 0.1% to 10%, at least one oxidizer, v) from 0.1% to 10%, at least one surfactant, and vi) water.

Abstract: The production of a flow limit in liquid surfactant compositions by way of the use of a micro emulsion containing, in each case based on the total weight of the emulsion, a) a liquid phase, b) a total quantity of 10 wt % to 99.0 wt % of at least one non-polymer organic thickening agent having a molecular weight in the range from 100 g/mol to 500 g/mol as an emulsified phase, c) a total quantity of 0.001 wt % to 89.0 wt % of a surfactant system containing at least one non-ionic surfactant.

Abstract: A water-soluble unitary laundry detergent article that contains two or more surfactant-containing non-fibrous sheets with a fabric hueing agent located between such non-fibrous sheets.

Abstract: Water-soluble unit dose articles and processes for making such articles, the articles having perimeters that define shapes able to form a tessellated pattern.

Abstract: Water-soluble unit dose articles that include fibrous elements. First and second articles that differ with regard to compositional and physical features. Processes for making such articles.

Abstract: A method of laundering fabric having the following steps: a) providing a water-soluble unit dose article; b) providing a surfactant; c) diluting a dose of the water-soluble unit does article in water by a factor of greater than about 500 to form a wash liquor, the resulting wash liquor having from about 50 ppm to about 2800 ppm of surfactant; and d) washing one or more fabrics in the resulting wash liquor.

Abstract: Described herein is a household care composition, which delivers active agents onto fabric, in the form of a water-soluble unit dose article comprising a water-soluble fibrous structure and a perfume, as well as methods for making the article and methods for treating fabrics using the article.

Abstract: Described herein is a household care composition, which delivers active agents onto fabric, in the form of a water-soluble unit dose article comprising a water-soluble fibrous structure and a concentrated enzyme composition, as well as methods for making the article and methods for treating fabrics using the article.

Abstract: Described herein is a household care composition, which delivers active agents onto fabric, in the form of a water-soluble unit dose article comprising a water-soluble fibrous structure and an encapsulated perfume composition, as well as methods for making the article and methods for treating fabrics using the article.

Abstract: The present invention relates to dryer sheets comprising branched polyester polymers and methods of making and using such dryer sheets. Such dryer sheets, can comprise a variety substrate materials and provide the desired level of performance without the technical and economic drawbacks of conventional dryer sheets.

Abstract: A bioreactor comprising a housing defining a perfusion chamber, the housing including at least one port, wherein the at least one port is coupled to the housing, and a sample holder positioned within the perfusion chamber. A bioreactor and spheroid-based biofabrication method for making perfusible tissue constructs and perfusing them.