Abstract: [Problem] To provide a sugar solution, in which crystal precipitation is suppressed in a low-temperature environment and which can maintain an appropriate viscosity, and a liquid sweetener and a bee feed using the sugar solution. Solution A sugar solution which contains sucrose, 1-kestose and glucose, wherein the content of nystose is 0-6 mass % relative to the total amount of sugars, and the content of 1-kestose is 3 parts by weight or more relative to 97 parts by weight of sucrose. According to the present invention, a sugar solution, in which crystal precipitation is suppressed in a low-temperature environment and which can maintain an appropriate viscosity, can be obtained.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a vacuum heat treatment apparatus capable of charging or withdrawing an object into or from either a heating chamber or a cooling chamber by a transport means. The vacuum heat treatment apparatus includes: A vacuum heat treatment apparatus, including: a plurality of heating chambers charged with an object and subjected to a heat treatment process; a rail disposed between the plurality of heating chambers; a bogie moving while being disposed on the rail; a cooling chamber disposed on the bogie and cooling the object; and a transport means disposed on the bogie and provided to charge or withdraw the object into or from any one of the plurality of heating chambers and the cooling chamber.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a steel material used for a line pipe for transporting crude oil or natural gas and the like and, more specifically, to a steel material for a welded steel pipe, having excellent longitudinal uniform elongation for the pipe, a manufacturing method therefor, and a steel pipe using the same.

Abstract: The purpose of one aspect of the present invention is to provide: a thick steel plate capable of removing a conventional normalizing treatment required for ensuring toughness low temperature and cryogenic environments, and having properties equal to or better than those of a conventional steel subjected to the normalizing treatment; and a method for manufacturing the method.

Abstract: A bearing bushing for a track has an annular shape including an inner peripheral surface, an outer peripheral surface, a first end face, and a second end face located axially opposite the first end face. The bearing bushing for a track includes an inner peripheral surface-side hardened layer formed to include the inner peripheral surface, an outer peripheral surface-side hardened layer formed to include the outer peripheral surface, a first end face-side hardened layer formed to include the first end face and having a region with a hardness of 63 HRC or more that has a thickness of 3 mm or more from the first end face, and an unhardened region lower in hardness than the inner peripheral surface-side hardened layer, the outer peripheral surface-side hardened layer, and the first end face-side hardened layer, and including at least the second end face. The bearing bushing is made of steel.

Abstract: A non-oriented electrical steel sheet contains, as a chemical composition, by mass %, C: more than 0% and 0.0050% or less, Si: 3.0% to 4.0%, Mn: 1.0% to 3.3%, P: more than 0% and less than 0.030%, S: more than 0% and 0.0050% or less, sol. Al: more than 0% and 0.0040% or less, N: more than 0% and 0.0040% or less, O: 0.0110% to 0.0350%, Sn: 0% to 0.050%, Sb: 0% to 0.050%, Ti: more than 0% and 0.0050% or less, and a remainder including Fe and impurities, in which Sn+Sb: 0.050% or less, Si?0.5×Mn: 2.0% or more, and an O content in a sheet thickness central portion excluding a surface layer portion which is a range from a front surface and a rear surface to a position of 10 ?m in a depth direction is less than 0.0100%.

Abstract: An ultra-high-strength air-hardenable multiphase steel having minimal tensile strengths in a non air hardened state of 950 MPa and excellent processing properties, includes the following elements in % by weight: C?0.075 to ?0.115; Si?0.400 to ?0.500; Mn?1,900 to ?2,350; Cr?0.200 to ?0.500; Al?0.005 to ?0.060; N?0.0020 to ?0.0120; S?0.0030; Nb?0.005 to ?0.060; Ti?0.005 to ?0.060; B?0.0005 to ?0.0030; Mo?0.200 to ?0.300; Ca?0.0005 to ?0.0060; Cu?0.050; Ni?0.050; remainder iron, including usual steel accompanying smelting related impurities, wherein for a widest possible process window during continuous annealing of hot rolled or cold rolled strips made from said steel a sum content of M+Si +Cr in said steel is a function of a thickness of the steel strips according to the following relationship: for strip thicknesses of up to 1.00 mm the sum content of M+Si+Cr is ?2.800 and ?3.000%, for strip thicknesses of over 1.00 to 2.00 mm the sum of Mn+Si+Cr is ?2.850 and ?3.100%, and for strip thicknesses of over 2.

Abstract: The present invention is in the field of surfactants to extract a platinum group metal or gold, in particular palladium, from organic compositions. In particular, the invention concerns the use of surfactants to back-extract a platinum group metal or gold, in particular palladium, from organic compositions further comprising an extractant of said platinum group metal or gold, in particular palladium from an aqueous solution.

Abstract: A method of reclaiming cadmium material from photovoltaic (PV) modules is provided. The method includes submerging one or more portions of a PV module in a solution including non-distilled water, wherein the one or more portions of the PV module are submerged until cadmium material present on the PV module dissolves into the solution, boiling the solution until the dissolved cadmium material precipitates, and collecting the precipitated cadmium material.

Abstract: Rare earth elements and carbon rich solids are extracted from coal feedstock by combining a coal feedstock with an ionic liquid, forming a mixture. The mixture is heated and a co-solvent is added. Carbon rich solids and rare earth elements are removed from the solution. The ionic liquid and co-solvent may be reused.

Abstract: A mesoporous organic material which makes it possible to extract, using the liquid-solid extraction technique, the uranium(VI) contained in an aqueous medium including phosphoric acid, with high efficiency and high selectivity for the iron that the medium can likewise contain. The material is likely to be obtained by cross-linking polymerisation of a monomer of formula (I) below, wherein: R1, R2 and R3 are, independently from one another, H, a C1 to C12 saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched hydrocarbon group, or a polymerisable group, with the condition that at least one of R1, R2 and R3 is a polymerisable group; R4 and R5 are, independently from one another, H or a C1 to C8 saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched hydrocarbon group; the cross-linking polymerisation being carried out in the presence of a cross-linking agent and one or more pore-forming agents.

Abstract: The invention relates to the field of aluminum metallurgy and can be used to produce ingots from high quality aluminum alloys when manufacturing aerospace and automotive products. The use of this invention relates to the technology of secondary modification. The method of casting products from aluminum alloys includes the following stages: a) aluminum melt preparation in the alloying furnace; b) addition alloy introduction into melt; c) degassing of the aluminum melt containing the addition alloy; d) addition alloy re-introduction; e) filtration of the aluminum melt obtained at stage d) and f) feeding the filtered melt into the crystallizer. It ensures the improved effectiveness of the aluminum melt modification with addition alloys without additional constructional changes in existing lines for aluminum ingot casting. It allows reducing the alloy modification costs, decreasing the grain in resulting alloys and improving plastic and mechanical properties of the obtained cast ingots and their products.

Abstract: Described herein are ternary alloys of copper (Cu), aluminum (Al) and tin (Sn). For example, the ternary alloys can comprise between about 0.5 weight percent (wt %) and about 5 wt % Al and between about 0.5 wt % and about 5 wt % Sn. The chemical composition of the alloys can be tailored such that the alloy maintains antimicrobial effect over time and is resistant to tarnish. The alloys are also hypoallergenic. Articles of manufacture, particularly those for use in medical facilities, comprising the alloy (e.g., as a surface layer) are also described, as are methods of reducing the incidence of microbial infection by providing surfaces comprising the alloy.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a Ni-based heat-resistant alloy including Ir: 5.0 mass % or more and 50.0 mass % or less, Al: 1.0 mass % or more and 8.0 mass % or less, W: 5.0 mass % or more and 25.0 mass % or less, and balance Ni, having an L12-structured ?? phase present in the matrix, and including at least one of Zr: 0.01 mass % or more and 3.0 mase/0 or less and Hf: 0.01 mass % or more and 3.0 mass % or less. This Ni-based heat-resistant alloy has improved toughness over a conventional Ni-based heat-resistant alloy based on a Ni—Ir—Al—W-based alloy, and is also excellent in ambient-temperature strength.

Abstract: An aluminum alloy contains 0.7% to 1.8% of silicon, 0.5% to 2.1% of copper, 0.4% to 1.8% of manganese, 0.6% to 1.6% of magnesium, and 0.1% to 0.7% of zinc in terms of mass ratio and the balance aluminum with inevitable impurities.

Abstract: Disclosed are an aluminum alloy for a die casting and a method of producing an aluminum alloy casting product. The aluminum alloy may include silicon (Si) in an amount of about 7.5 to 9.5 wt %; magnesium (Mg) in an amount of about 2.5 to 3.5 wt %; iron (Fe) in an amount of about 0.5 to 1.0 wt %; manganese (Mn) in an amount of about 0.1 to 0.6 wt %; and aluminum (Al) constituting the remaining balance of the aluminum alloy, all the wt % are based on the total weight of the aluminum alloy.

Abstract: The invention relates to a rolled product with state T351, having thickness of between 15 and 50 mm, made from aluminium alloy having the following composition, in % by weight, Cu: 3.85-4.15; Mg: 0.95-1.25; Mn: 0.45-0.57; Zr: 0.09-0.16; Ti: 0.005-0.1; Fe: <0.070; Si: <0.060; with Cu+Mg?5.15; other lesser elements 0.05 each and less than 0.15 in total, the remainder being aluminium.

Abstract: There is provided a composite of a metallic matrix and boron nitride nanotubes, the metallic matrix including aluminum or an aluminum alloy. Also, there is provided a method for manufacturing the composite. The method includes: a powder mixing step of mixing a powder of boron nitride nanotubes and a powder of an element soluble in a molten metal of the metallic matrix to prepare a powder mixture of boron nitride nanotubes and a metallic matrix-soluble element; an alloy melt mixing step of mixing the powder mixture and the molten metal of the metallic matrix to prepare a metallic matrix melt mixed with boron nitride nanotubes; and a casting step of solidifying the metallic matrix melt mixed with boron nitride nanotubes to obtain the composite.

Abstract: A high-strength and high-toughness tube for perforating gun, having a formulation of chemical elements in percentage by mass as follows: C: 0.15%-0.22%, Si: 0.1%-0.4%, Mn: 0.5%-1%, Cr: 0.3%-0.7%, Mo: 0.3%-0.7%, Nb: 0.01%-0.04%, V: 0.1%-0.2%, Ti: 0.02%-0.05%, B: 0.0015%-0.005%, Al: 0.01%-0.05%, Ca: 0.001%-0.004%, N?0.008%, and the balance of Fe and other inevitable impurities. Accordingly, further disclosed is a method for manufacturing a high-strength and high-toughness tube for perforating gun. The high-strength and high-toughness tube for perforating gun of the present invention has high strength, good toughness and uniform circumferential strength, and is suitable for application in the field of petroleum exploration and exploitation.

Abstract: Provided is a high strength steel sheet having an excellent high-temperature elongation characteristic. The sheet includes, by weight %, 0.4-0.9% of C, 0.01-1.5% of Cr, 0.03% or less (exclusive of 0%) of P, 0.01% or less (exclusive of 0%) of S, 0.01% or less (exclusive of 0%) of N, 0.01% or less (exclusive of 0%) of sol. Al, and a balance of Fe and inevitable impurities, and comprises at least one among 2.1% or less (exclusive of 0%) of Mn and 1.6% or less (exclusive of 0%) of Si; the sheet has a microcrystalline structure including pearlite having an area fraction of 80% or more and ferrite having an area fraction of 20% or less; and the pearlite includes cementite having a major axis length of 200 nm or shorter.

Abstract: Provided is a ferritic stainless steel sheet. The steel sheet has a chemical composition containing, by mass %, C: 0.010% or less, Si: 1.0% or less, Mn: 1.0% or less, P: 0.040% or less, S: 0.030% or less, Cr: 17.0% or more and 18.5% or less, N: 0.015% or less, Nb: 0.40% or more and 0.80% or less, Ti: 0.10% or more and 0.40% or less, Al: 0.20% or less, Ni: 0.05% or more and 0.40% or less, Co: 0.01% or more and 0.30% or less, Mo: 0.02% or more and 0.30% or less, Cu: 0.02% or more and 0.40% or less, and the balance being Fe and inevitable impurities, in which expression (1) below is satisfied. C %+N %: 0.018% or less??(1) In expression (1), C % and N % respectively denote the contents (mass %) of C and N.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a ferritic stainless steel having excellent ridging properties and excellent surface quality of a final product by modifying a microstructure of a central area of a cross-section by further performing cold rolling before hot annealing. A ferritic stainless steel according to the present disclosure includes, by wt %, 0.005 to 0.1% of carbon (C), 0.01 to 2.0% of silicon (Si), 0.01 to 1.5% of manganese (Mn), 0.05% or less of phosphorus (P), 0.005% or less of sulfur (S), 10 to 30% of chromium (Cr), 0.005 to 0.1% of nitrogen (N), 0.005 to 0.2% of aluminum (Al), and the remainder of iron (Fe) and other impurities, wherein a ?max value is in the range of 20% to less than 50%, and a surface microgroove area ratio is 2.0% or less.

Abstract: A steel wire includes, as a chemical composition, by mass %, C: 0.40% to 1.10%, Si: 0.005% to 0.350%, Mn: 0.05% to 0.90%, Cr: 0% to 0.70%, Al: 0% to 0.070%, Ti: 0% to 0.050%, V: 0% to 0.10%, Nb: 0% to 0.050%, Mo: 0% to 0.20%, B: 0% to 0.0030%, and a remainder including Fe and impurities; in which a metallographic structure in a cross section includes 80 area % or more of a pearlite structure having a lamellar cementite; an average lamellar spacing which is a spacing between lamellar cementites is 28 nm to 80 nm; an average length of the lamellar cementite is 22.0 ?m or less; among the pearlite structure, a pearlite structure having the lamellar cementite of which an inclination with respect to a longitudinal direction of the steel wire is 15° or less is 40 area % or more; an integration degree of a {110} plane of a ferrite with respect to the longitudinal direction is in a range of 2.0 to 8.0, and a diameter of the steel wire is 1.4 mm or more.

Abstract: A non-oriented electrical steel sheet according to an aspect of the present invention contains, as a chemical composition, by mass %, C: more than 0% and 0.0050% or less, Si: 3.0% to 4.0%, Mn: 1.2% to 3.3%, P: more than 0% and less than 0.030%, S: more than 0% and 0.0050% or less, sol. Al: more than 0% and 0.0040% or less, N: more than 0% and 0.0040% or less, one or more of La, Ce, Pr, and Nd: 0.0005% to 0.0200% in total, Ca: 0.0005% to 0.0100%, Ti: 0.0005% to 0.0100%, Sn: 0% to 0.10%, Sb: 0% to 0.10%, Mg: 0% to 0.0100%, and a remainder including Fe and impurities, in which Si?0.5×Mn: 2.0% or more, and Si+0.5×Mn: 3.8% or more.

Abstract: Disclosed are a cold rolled steel sheet and a method for manufacturing same, the cold-rolled steel sheet: comprising, by wt %, 0.01% or less of C, 0.5% or less of Si, 0.1-0.5% of Mn, 0.1% or less of Al, 0.01% or less of P, 0.01% or less of S, 0.005% or less of N and 0.2-0.8% of Nb; comprising one or more of 0.5% or less of Sb, 3.0% or less of Cr, 1.0% or less of Mo and 0.5% or less of W; comprising the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities; and satisfying the following relation 1. [relation 1] 0.2?[Sb]/0.5+[Cr]/3.0+[Mo]/1.0+[W]/0.5?1.5 (Here, [Sb], [Cr], [Mo], and [W] respectively mean the amounts (wt %) of the corresponding elements contained.

Abstract: The present invention provides an aluminum alloy plastic working material which has a low Young's modulus, but has an excellent proof stress and a method for efficiently producing the same. The aluminum alloy plastic working material of the present invention comprises: 5.0 to 10.0 wt % of Ca, and the remainder aluminum and unavoidable impurities, a volume ratio of an Al4Ca phase, which is a dispersed phase, is 25% or more. The Al4Ca phase comprises a tetragonal Al4Ca phase and a monoclinic Al4Ca phase, and an intensity ratio (I1/I2) of the highest diffraction peak (I1) attributed to the tetragonal system to the highest diffraction peak (I2) attributed to the monoclinic system, which are obtained by an X-ray diffraction measurement, is 1 or less.

Abstract: A gradient control method for a microstructure ultrafine crystallization of a deep cone copper shaped charge liner includes the steps of an extrusion forming, a recrystallization heat treatment, and a high-frequency percussion. A multi-pass extrusion is used in the extrusion forming, and in the high-frequency percussion step, a percussion speed is 30,000 to 40,000 times/min, a percussion force is 1600 N to 2000 N, and a number of percussion times is 1 to 3. The forming and surface quality control of the deep cone shaped charge liner are realized by the control technology of the present invention; the plasticity of the material is improved, and fine crystal structures are obtained; and an ultrafine grain gradient structure distributed along the thickness direction is formed in the inner surface of the shaped charge liner.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a nanoporous copper-zinc-aluminum shape memory alloy and a preparation method and an application thereof. According to the method, firstly a pure Cu block, a pure Zn block and a pure Al block are proportioned in a certain mass ratio before being smelted to obtain a copper-zinc-aluminum alloy ingot; the obtained copper-zinc-aluminum alloy ingot is melt spun using a copper roller rapid quenching method under vacuum protection to obtain an ultrathin strip CuZnAl master alloy which is then subjected to an etching treatment with a solution containing chloride ions at a temperature of 0˜80° C. for 10˜300 minutes to obtain a nanoporous Cu/CuZnAl material; and finally the nanoporous CuZnAl material is sealed in a high vacuum quartz tube for a heat treatment to obtain a nanoporous copper-zinc-aluminum shape memory alloy having a superelastic single ? phase at room temperature.

Abstract: A method for removing a ceramic coating from a substrate is presented. The method includes contacting the ceramic coating with a composition including a fluoride source and nitric acid. A method of forming a component having a variation in saturation magnetization is presented. The method includes masking selected portions of a surface of a metallic component using a ceramic coating to form a masked metallic component; selectively diffusing nitrogen into the metallic component by exposing the masked metallic component to a nitrogen-rich atmosphere; and removing the ceramic coating from the surface of the metallic component by contacting the ceramic coating with a composition including the fluoride source and nitric acid.

Abstract: Each of two divided masks next to each other in a second direction includes an overlapping region where two unit mask members partially overlap each other in a planar view, and a pitch in the second direction between openings on a plurality of divided masks each including the overlapping region is the same as a pitch in the second direction between the opening on each of a plurality of divided masks.

Abstract: A reactive phase spray formulation coating is configured to be disposed on the thermal barrier coating of an article. The reactive phase spray formulation coating comprises a base material and a binder material. The base material has a compliance that is higher than a compliance of the binder material, the binder material has a cohesive strength that is greater than a cohesive strength of the base material, the binder material has an adhesive strength that is greater than an adhesive strength of the base material, and the binder material has a surface area of at least ten square-meters per gram that is greater than a surface area of the base material. The binder material is configured to improve a cohesive strength level, an adhesive strength level, and a compliance of the formulation coating of the thermal barrier coating relative to the formulation coating not including the binder material.

Abstract: The present invention introduces a laser ablation arrangement and a corresponding method for PLD applications, where circular scanning patterns are utilized to achieve high scanning velocities on target surfaces for efficient coating process. The arrangement allows for flexible positioning of targets and scan lines in order to optimize coating uniformity on large surface areas as well as high duty cycle for scanning. These features are all essential for achieving efficient industrial coating processes. Fast optical switching and synchronized rotation of scanning mirrors enable efficient distribution of laser energy along long scan line paths on target surfaces.

Abstract: A film-forming apparatus having a simple and downsized structure is provided. The film-forming apparatus includes at least one target having an opposing face that opposes a substrate, a plurality of target holders each detachably holding the target, a cooling unit that cools a plurality of the target holders, and at least one cooling panel. The at least one cooling panel includes a held part held by the target holder, and a heat receiving part having a heat receiving face that opposes the substrate with the held part held by the target holder and receives radiation heat emitted from the substrate. The held part transfers heat from the heat receiving face to the target holder. Each target holder selectively holds the target or the cooling panel.

Abstract: A method of depositing a layer on a substrate includes applying a first magnetic field to a cathode target, electrically coupling the cathode target to a first high power pulse resonance alternating current (AC) power supply, positioning an additional cylindrical cathode target electrode around the cathode, applying a second magnetic field to the additional cylindrical cathode target electrode, electrically coupling the additional cylindrical cathode target electrode to a second high power pulse resonance AC power supply, generating magnetic coupling between the cathode target and an anode, providing a feed gas, and selecting a time shift between negative voltage peaks associated with AC voltage waveforms generated by the first high power pulse resonance AC power supply and the second high power pulse resonance AC power supply.

Abstract: Methods to improve front-side process uniformity by back-side metallization are disclosed. In some implementations, a metal layer is deposited on the back-side of a wafer prior to performing a plasma-based process on the front side of the wafer. Presence of the back-side metal layer reduces variations in, for example, thickness of a deposited and/or etched layer resulting from the plasma-based process.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for detecting a shutter disk assembly in a process chamber using a number of sensors. A first, second, and third sensor in a shutter housing for a shutter disk assembly provide indications of a status of the shutter disk assembly. The indications are used in part to determine the operational status of the shutter disk assembly along with process information from a process controller. The operational status is then used to alter a process of the process chamber when necessary.

Abstract: A modular, offset In-line vacuum processing system is disclosed. The system comprises a plurality of independently operable process chambers each configured to accommodate a given number of carriers, where each carrier may hold a set of independently biased substrates. Further, each process chamber may be configured to execute one or more steps in one or more processes performed on each set of substrates. A plurality of Independently operable transfer chambers may be configured to transfer each carrier to and from process chambers for completing each step in the one or more processes. As a result, the system is able to: simultaneously coat the sets of substrates via a designated coating process (i.e., unique to each set of carriers); obtain a set of desired coating properties for each set of parts; perform processes having varying process step lengths; coat parts of multiple geometries; shut down individual chambers without interrupting production capacity.

Abstract: The disclosure describes hard magnetic materials including ??-Fe16N2 and techniques for forming hard magnetic materials including ??-Fe16N2 using chemical vapor deposition or liquid phase epitaxy.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a substrate treatment apparatus and a substrate treatment method, and more particularly, to a substrate treatment apparatus and a substrate treatment method configured to deposit a uniform thin film on a substrate. A substrate treatment apparatus, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment, includes a reaction tube having an internal space formed therein, a substrate boat configured to load a plurality of substrates in multi-stages, and positioned in the internal space to partition a plurality of treatment spaces in which the plurality of substrates are respectively treated, a process gas supply part configured to supply a process gas to the plurality of treatment spaces, and a dilution gas supply part configured to supply a dilution gas for diluting the process gas within the plurality of treatment spaces.

Abstract: A spatial atomic layer deposition apparatus (10), including a showerhead (16) with a showerhead side (18) having a center, a central area and a circumferential area. The apparatus also includes a susceptor (12) having a substrate support side that extends parallel to and of opposite the showerhead side forming a gap. The susceptor and the showerhead are rotatable relative to each other around an axis of rotation. The apparatus has a plurality of switchable showerhead sections. The apparatus also includes a plurality of multi-way valve assemblies. Each switchable showerhead section is fluidly connected with one of the plurality of multi-way valve assemblies, so as to fluidly connect a selected one of a plurality of different gas sources with that switchable showerhead section.

Abstract: Methods of depositing a film selectively onto a first substrate surface relative to a second substrate surface are described. The methods include exposing the substrate surfaces to a blocking compound to selectively form a blocking layer on at least a portion of the first surface over the second surface. The substrate is sequentially exposed to a metal precursor with a kinetic diameter in excess of 21 angstroms and a reactant to selectively form a metal-containing layer on the second surface over the blocking layer or the first surface. The relatively larger metal precursors of some embodiments allow for the use of blocking layers with gaps or voids without the loss of selectivity.

Abstract: There is provided a film-forming apparatus and a film-forming method. The film-forming apparatus, in a first period, sets the second heater to a temperature T1 at which no film is formed on a substrate disposed on the mounting stand without supplying a precursor gas into the process container, in a second period, sets the second heater to a temperature T2 at which no film is formed on the substrate and supplies a precursor gas into the process container from the precursor gas supply pipe, in a third period, sets the second heater to a film-forming temperature T3, and in the first to third periods, sets the first heater to a temperature T4 at which no film is formed on a periphery of a gas supply port of the precursor gas supply pipe.

Abstract: An injector block for supplying one or more reactant gases into a chemical vapor deposition reactor. The injector block including a plurality of first reactant gas distribution channels between one or more first reactant gas inlets and a plurality of first reactant gas distribution outlets to deliver a first reactant gas into the reactor, and a plurality of second reactant gas distribution channels between one or more second reactant gas inlets and a plurality of second reactant gas distribution outlets to deliver a second reactant gas into the reactor, the plurality of second reactant gas distribution outlets partitioned into at least a second reactant gas first zone and a second reactant gas second zone, the second reactant gas second zone at least partially surrounding the second reactant gas first zone.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing a glass coating on a substrate, comprising the following steps: applying a liquid sol to at least one surface of the substrate, allowing the sol to react to form a gel, and briefly treating the gel on the at least one surface outside a furnace in the presence of water vapour at a temperature of at least 700° C. The method according to the invention makes the coated surface dirt-repellent, electrically insulating, non-combustible, easy to clean and resistant to ageing, corrosion and chemicals. A particular advantage of the method according to the invention is that it can be carried out outside a furnace and nevertheless makes glass coatings possible.

Abstract: A method produces a coating treatment solution to be used for forming a ferrite film having a spinel type crystal structure MFe2O4 on a surface of a soft magnetic material. The coating treatment solution contains a solution having a metal element and Fe. The metal element becomes divalent cations in the solution. The method prepares a first solution containing the metal element M and Fe, prepares a second solution by adding an alkaline solution to the first solution in a non-oxidizing atmosphere. The method produces the coating treatment solution by using the second solution.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of treating a substrate. The surface is contacted with a sealing composition comprising a lithium cation; and optionally, with conversion composition comprising a cation of a lanthanide, a Group IIIB, and/or a Group IVB metal. The conversion composition is applied to provide a film on the substrate surface resulting in a level of the lanthanide, Group IIIB metal, and/or Group IV metal thereon of at least 100 counts greater than on a surface of a substrate that does not have the film thereon as measured by X-ray fluorescence (measured using X-Met 7500, Oxford Instruments; operating parameters 60 second timed assay, 15 Kv, 45 ?A, filter 3, T(p)=1.5 ?s for lanthanides, Group IIIB metals, and Group IVB metals except zirconium; operating parameters 60 second timed assay, 40 Kv, 10 ?A, filter 4, T(p)=1.5 ?s for zirconium). A substrate obtainable by the methods also is disclosed.

Abstract: A method for forming a 3D object, comprising running control means with reference to data which defines 3D shape parameters of an object such that the control means: •uses the data to control an applicator to spray material at a substrate to build the object out of progressively applied layers, wherein at least some of the layers have an initial inwardly tapered outer edge; and •for at least some such layers causing the control means to use the data to move the applicator to apply spray material to fill in the taper.

Abstract: A rust particle remover, comprising a core (1) and an outer sleeve (2). The core (1) is made up of a magnet comprising a magnetic field strength of at least 13.2 Tesla and is introduced into the outer sleeve (2) by means of pressure pressing. The patent application is based on the problem of preventing signs of rust on cutlery and metal parts caused by rust particles, which are transported by tap water.

Abstract: Catalysts, particularly nanocatalysts, useful for converting carbon dioxide into desired conversion products, such as sustainable chemicals and fuels. The nanocatalysts may comprise at least one nanoparticle having a main component and a secondary component, wherein at least one of the main component and the secondary component facilitates the conversion of carbon dioxide. The present disclosure also relates to methods for preparing the nanocatalysts described herein and methods of using the same.

Abstract: The invention refers to a method for recovering copper from waste fishing nets. The method of the invention includes washing of nets in a washing liquid, wherein an antifouling coating and other impurities are removed from the surface of the nets to a largest extent possible. The washing liquid is water; NaOH can also be added into the water in order to improve the efficiency of washing, such that the NaOH concentration in the water is up to 20%. The suspension of the washing liquid, sludge and other impurities, resulting from the washing step, is led to a separation step. The sludge obtained in the separation step is led to the dissolution step in an acidic medium. A strong mineral acid is selected as the acidic medium, such as H2SO4, HNO3, HCl, a mixture of strong mineral acids or a mixture of one or several strong mineral acids with H2O2.