Abstract: Vertical axis wind turbines are provided having foil design and geometry that facilitates lift, torque and laminar flow along a 360 degree radial. Contemplated foils are non-planar, and have a chord length that is at least three times greater than a distance between a trailing end of a leading foil, and a leading end of a trailing foil. Additionally or alternatively, the foils are located away from a turbine axis at a distance that is about 2.9-3.5 times greater than a chord length of the foils. In some embodiments, the foils are circumferentially distributed via one or more laminar stall vanes.

Abstract: A wind-driven power generating system with a hybrid wind turbine mounted on a floating platform that heels relative to horizontal in the presence of a prevailing wind. The hybrid turbine has a turbine rotor with at least two rotor blades, each mounted to a turbine shaft by at least one strut, and the system is configured so that the shaft forms a predetermined non-zero operating heel angle relative to vertical in the presence of a prevailing wind at a predetermined velocity. The blades and struts are airfoils with predetermined aerodynamic characteristics that generate lift forces with components in the direction of rotation around the shaft of the blades and struts at the operating heel angle to drive an electrical generator carried by the platform. The system can be designed to generate maximum power at the predetermined heel angle or essentially constant power over a range of heel angles.

Abstract: Methods for performing maintenance on a rotor blade of a wind turbine rotor comprising at least a first rotor blade with an airfoil body formed from a blade shell element, the airfoil body having a suction-side surface and a pressure-side surface, a leading edge and a trailing edge, and a root end for mounting to a wind turbine hub and a distal tip end are disclosed, as well as a related system for same. The method comprising the steps of bringing the wind turbine rotor to a standstill, introducing a mobile maintenance device into said first rotor blade at the blade root, moving said mobile maintenance device inside said first rotor blade to a location, performing a maintenance operation at the location with said mobile maintenance device, and removing said mobile maintenance device from said first rotor blade.

Abstract: A main shaft fixture for fixing a main shaft on a wind turbine during installation and repair work on heavy parts of the wind turbine nacelle, in the case where the fixture is formed of several sections for mounting on stable structural parts in the nacelle, including the nacelle's bottom frame. The main shaft fixture has adjustable pressure mandrels with tap shoes, which cause the fixture to be usable regardless of the turbine main shaft geometry, such that it can be mounted without fixing the rotor. The main shaft fixture also has facilities for mounting of a lightweight crane and a self-hoisting crane with a ground-based winch, respectively, as well as a rotor lock which, in combination with actuators of the main shaft fixture, enables the main shaft and the main shaft bearing to be sufficiently displaced vertically from its bearing in the nacelle to service or replace the bearing.

Abstract: A kinetic energy conversion device of a punching machine includes a punching table, a power unit, an air compressor, a clutch, a gas storage tank, a pressure detector and a generator. The power unit, the air compressor, the clutch, the gas storage tank, the pressure detector, and the generator are all disposed on the punching table. The power unit drives the clutch, air compressor, and generator to generate electrical power and high pressure gas. Therefore, the air compressor can operate without using additional energy. Compared with conventional punching equipment and the air compressor externally disposed and connected to the punching equipment, a large amount of electricity cost can be saved, achieving a power saving effect.

Abstract: The invention provides an energy recovery system comprising a plurality of Shape-Memory Alloy (SMA) or Negative Thermal Expansion (NTE) elements arranged as a plurality of wires positioned substantially parallel with each other to define a core; a hydraulic chamber in communication with one end of the core and adapted to convert movement of the core into energy; and an energy storage device adapted to provide a lower pressure relative to the pressure in the hydraulic chamber. The invention addresses an unbalance in stress distribution across the SMA bundle that occurs as a result of the mechanism of fluid input into the SMA core. The net effect of the fluid dynamics at the entrance to the core is that SMA wires at the exterior of the bundle activate before wires on the interior of the bundle.

Abstract: A hydrostatic axial piston machine includes a housing, a connection plate closing the housing, working connections formed on the connection plate, a drive shaft, a swashplate, a cylinder drum coupled to the shaft in the direction of rotation, bores formed in the drum and each including a piston, a control plate against which the drum bears, a retraction plate for removing a piston from the bores, and a retraction ball arranged in front of the first end face of the drum which surrounds a drum neck of the drum and the shaft and by which the retraction plate is loaded in the direction of the swashplate. A pressure chamber is defined by seals between the retraction ball, the drum, and the shaft, and is configured to be acted upon by a pressure above a housing pressure. The retraction ball is sealed against the drum neck and against the shaft.

Abstract: A pump includes a pair of valves, coupled to a camshaft that selectively opens and closes the valves such that when one valve opens the other valve closes. The valves are in fluid communication with a piston chamber. A crankshaft operates a piston in a piston cylinder with the opening and closing of the valves such that as the piston is drawn from the piston chamber, the inlet valve is open and the outlet valve is closed and when the piston is forced into the chamber, the outlet valve is open and the inlet valve is closed. The camshaft and crankshaft are coupled together to cause synchronous operation of the valves and piston.

Abstract: A GM cryocooler includes a first cold head including a first displacer that is reciprocable in an axial direction, a first drive piston that drives the first displacer in the axial direction, and a first drive chamber that houses the first drive piston; a second cold head including a second displacer that is reciprocable in the axial direction, and a second cylinder that houses the second displacer; a first intake valve that is connected to both the first drive chamber and the second cylinder so as to supply working gas in parallel to the first drive chamber and the second cylinder; and a first exhaust valve that is connected to both the first drive chamber and the second cylinder so as to collect the working gas in parallel from the first drive chamber and the second cylinder.

Abstract: A variable displacement compressor capable of preventing delay in pressure release of a controlled pressure chamber, such as a crank chamber. A switching valve (350) disposed downstream of a control valve of a pressure supply passage includes a main valve body (352) and a sub valve body (400). The main valve body (352) includes an internal passage (352d) providing communication between a first valve hole (104e1) communicating with a pressure supply passage (145a) between the control valve and the switching valve (350), and a second valve hole (151a) communicating with a pressure supply passage (145b) between the switching valve (350) and the crank chamber. The main valve body (352) provides communication between the second valve hole (151a) and a pressure release hole (351a1) communicating with the suction chamber, when pressure Pm in the pressure supply passage (145a) is lower than pressure Pc in the crank chamber.

Abstract: A compressor housing has a housing body that is embodied so as to be open at two opposing end faces of the housing body, and a base element which closes one of the two open end faces of the housing body in an assembled state of the compressor housing, the base element being frictionally secured in the assembled state with its outer peripheral surface against an inner peripheral surface of the housing body by means of an interference fit.

Abstract: A linear compressor and methods of operation, for example, to control extension of the linear compressor, are provided herein. A method may include supplying a time varying voltage to a motor of the linear compressor, determining an uneven fatigue condition at the linear compressor, and applying a limiting force at the motor in a negative axial direction in response to the determining step.

Abstract: An electric pump device (1) according to the present invention comprises an oil pump (10) that discharges oil; a motor (20) that drives the oil pump (10); and a control unit (30) that controls the value of current supplied to the motor (20) to control rotation of the motor (20), thereby controlling the flow rate of fluid discharged from the oil pump (10). The device is configured such that at startup of the motor (20), until the rotational speed of the motor (20) comes near to a target rotational speed set beforehand, the motor (20) is driven by open loop control that restricts the value of current supplied to the motor (20) to lower than a predetermined upper limit, and that when the rotational speed of the motor (20) has come near to the target rotational speed, the motor (20) is driven by feedback control that keeps the rotational speed at a steady rotational speed.

Abstract: A pump control system and an operating method thereof are disclosed. The pump control system includes a pump; a motor mechanically connected to the pump; a motor driving controller electrically coupled to the motor, the motor driving controller configured to control a speed of the motor; a current detection unit electrically coupled between the motor and the motor driving controller or electrically coupled to a power supply input interface of the pump control system; and a main controller electrically coupled to the motor driving controller.

Abstract: A pump control system and an abnormal processing and recovering method thereof are disclosed. The pump control system includes a pump; a motor mechanically connected to the pump; and a driving controller electrically coupled to the motor, and the driving controller configured to control a speed of the motor. The driving controller controls the speed of the motor to be varied in a multistage manner in response to an abnormal triggering event, so as to recover the pump control system to an originally set stable state. The abnormal triggering event is generated by at least one physical parameter when the pump control system is operated.

Abstract: The disclosure herein generally relates to sealing elements for valves and methods for forming the same. A valve component has a body which includes a guide portion, a stem, and a sealing portion between the guide portion and the stem. The sealing portion has a front surface facing the guide portion, a back surface facing the stem, and a recess for a sealing element formed in a periphery of the sealing portion; and one or more passages extending between the back surface of the sealing portion and the recess.

Abstract: A piston for a single-stroke pump includes a pump rod, a seal ring extending about the pump rod and having a central bore, and a retaining device disposed on the pump rod and retaining the seal ring on the pump rod. In a forward stroke, the seal ring is in a first position whereby the seal ring sealingly engages the pump rod such that the seal ring and pump rod drive a fluid out of the pump chamber. When transitioning to a return stroke, the seal ring is maintained stationary relative to the pump cylinder until retaining device engages seal ring, such that seal ring is in a second position. With the seal ring in the second position, a flow path is opened between the seal ring and the pump rod, allowing fluid to flow into the pump chamber to prime the pump the next pump cycle.

Abstract: What is concerned is an eccentric screw pump having at least one stator (1), a rotor (2) rotating in the stator, a drive (3) for the rotor, a pump housing (4) which is connected to the stator (1) and has at least one inlet opening (6) for the medium to be conveyed, a connection housing (14) arranged between the pump housing (4) and drive (3), a connection shaft (9) which is connected to the drive (3) and is arranged at least in certain regions in the connection housing (14), and a coupling rod (10) which is arranged in the pump housing (4) and is connected to the connection shaft (9) via a drive-side joint (11) and to the rotor (2) via a rotor-side joint (12). The drive-side housing connection piece (16) can be demounted in such a way that the drive-side joint (11) can be exposed for maintenance or demounting.

Abstract: A compressor includes a non-orbiting scroll, an orbiting scroll, a driveshaft, a bearing housing and a bushing. The non-orbiting scroll includes a first spiral wrap. The orbiting scroll includes an end plate having a first side and a second side. The first side has a second spiral wrap that extends therefrom and meshingly engages with the first spiral wrap of the non-orbiting scroll. The second side has a hub extending therefrom. The driveshaft has a crankpin that is received in the hub and that drives the orbiting scroll. The bushing includes a first member and a second member. The first member is disposed within the hub of the orbiting scroll between the hub and the crankpin of the driveshaft. The second member extends radially from the first member and is disposed between the hub and the bearing housing.

Abstract: Liquid-injected compressor element or expander element with a housing that comprises a rotor chamber in which at least on rotor is rotatably affixed, whereby the element is further provided with a connection for an injection circuit for the injection of liquid into the element, whereby the connection to the injection circuit is realised by means of an injection point in the housing that opens into the first compression chamber or expansion chamber. The connection to the injection circuit is additionally realised by means of an additional injection point in the housing that opens into a second or subsequent compression chamber or expansion chamber.

Abstract: A rotary cylinder piston compressor pump is provided, including a rotating shaft (2), a piston (3) and a cylinder (4). A rotating shaft hole (21) is provided in the rotating shaft (2). An oil guiding channel communicated with the rotating shaft hole (21) is provided in the cylinder (4). A recess (45) is formed in the inner end face of the cylinder (4). An oil path sealed relative to a compression cavity of the cylinder (4) is formed between the recess (45) and the piston (3). The oil path is communicated with an oil path between the piston (3) and the rotating shaft (2) and is communicated with the oil guiding channel by means of an oil returning channel. Also provided is a compressor including the compressor pump.

Abstract: A motor-operated compressor includes a casing having an inner space including a suction space and a discharge space. A first scroll is disposed in the inner space of the casing. A second scroll is configured to orbit in engagement with the first scroll to form a pair of two compression chambers between the first scroll and the second scroll. A rotary shaft is coupled to the second scroll and configured to transfer a rotational force of a driving motor to the second scroll. An intermediate pressure space is formed on one side of the second scroll and in fluid communication with the discharge space. Oil entering the intermediate pressure space from the discharge space forms back pressure supporting the second scroll toward the first scroll, and a portion of the oil flows into the suction space.

Abstract: A vehicle-mounted electric power generation system includes an engine-generator enclosure within which is an internal combustion engine, an electric generator coupled to the engine, and an air compressor driven by at least one of the engine and the generator. The system includes an air compressor system enclosure. At least one of an air compressor lubricating oil separator tank, an air compressor lubricating oil filter, an aftercooler, and a coalescing filter is located within the air compressor system enclosure. A compressed air conduit extends between the engine-generator enclosure and the air compressor system enclosure. The compressed air conduit conveys compressed air and air compressor lubricating oil from the air compressor. An air compressor lubricating oil conduit extends between the engine-generator enclosure and the air compressor system enclosure for supplying the air compressor lubricating oil to the air compressor.

Abstract: A compressor includes a first throttle portion that receives a refrigerant at an intermediate pressure from an injection pipe of a refrigerant circuit, an enlarged flow path portion that receives the refrigerant from the first throttle portion, a second throttle portion that receives the refrigerant from the enlarged flow path portion, and a compression element. The compression element includes a compression chamber that receives the refrigerant from the second throttle portion. The first throttle portion has a flow path cross-sectional area that is narrower than both a flow path cross-sectional area of the injection pipe and a flow path cross-sectional area of the enlarged flow path portion. The second throttle portion has a flow path cross-sectional area that is narrower than the flow path cross-sectional area of the enlarged flow path portion.

Abstract: A centrifugal pump for delivering a medium comprising solid admixtures includes a blade-free space arranged in front of an impeller. The centrifugal pump has a suction-side arrangement that permits variable sizing of the blade-free space. The suction-side arrangement permits the efficiency of the centrifugal pump to be increased while avoiding blockages.

Abstract: The invention relates to a compressible and expandable blade (2) for the rotor of a fluid pump (30) having at least two lamellae (3, 4, 5) which are disposed adjacently, are pivo table respectively relative to an axis of rotation (Ia) of the rotor and moveable relative to each other, and abut against each other in the expanded state of the blade such that they form together a continuous blade surface.

Abstract: According to an embodiment, an apparatus for detecting a characteristic of a pump includes: a housing having a first planar surface and a second planar surface opposite the first planar surface, a mount structure located on the second planar surface, wherein the mount structure is configured to facilitate attachment of the apparatus on an external surface of the triplex pump, and wherein the mount structure avoids penetrating an inside surface of the triplex pump. Advantageously, apparatus is a non-invasive device and does not involve modifications to the pump nor opening the lid of the pump.

Abstract: A mounting apparatus used in a casing to mount a fan to a bracket and protect the electrical cables supplying the fan includes a pillar, a clipping member, and a connecting member. The pillar includes a first end and an opposite second end. The clipping member secures a cable of the fan and is fixed to the first end of the pillar. The connecting member mounting the fan is fixed to the second end of the pillar. The pillar defines a clipping slot for mounting to the bracket, the clipping slot is located between the first end and the second end.

Abstract: An electric pump includes a shaft, a rotor provided outward in a radial direction of the shaft, and to be rotated to the shaft, an impeller fixed to the rotor, and a cylindrical cap attached to a tip end portion of the shaft. A pump housing includes a suction port provided in an extending direction of the shaft, and a discharge port provided at one side of the impeller and in a direction crossing an extending direction of the shaft. The shaft includes an exposed portion at a tip end side further than a portion to which the cap is attached in the tip end portion. The cap is held by the shaft, prevents the rotor from moving toward a tip end side of the shaft, and includes, on an outer peripheral portion, a first taper portion being decreased in diameter toward the tip end side of the shaft.

Abstract: A cartridge seal is provided for sealing a shaft (4) with respect to a housing (2) and is intended to be a slide ring seal arrangement (12) for a centrifugal pump. The cartridge seal includes a shaft protection sleeve which is rotationally connected to the shaft (4) by a retaining ring, a support (24) for incorporating the cartridge seal into a housing opening of the pump housing (2), a slide ring which is rotationally connected to the shaft protection sleeve and a counter slide ring which is rotationally connected to the support (24), as well as an enclosed space (30) within the sealing arrangement. The space (30) is fluidically connected to a sealing gap formed between the slide ring and the counter slide ring, and is at least partially prefilled with liquid in order to prevent dry running when the pump is operated for the first time.

Abstract: An impeller for a centrifugal pump comprises a rotor; a shaft shield connected to the rotor and having an axial supply; a suction shield connected to the rotor and axially set apart from the shaft shield; and a plurality of blades between the shaft shield and suction shield and connected to the rotor. Each blade comprises a leading edge and a trailing edge connecting between the shaft shield and the suction shield and a suction side and a pressure side, wherein each blade cross-section is thicker near the leading edge on the suction and pressure sides, and tapers to a thinner cross-section near the trailing edge. Each blade connects to the suction shield at the leading edge with an extensive fillet providing curvature toward the suction shield along the leading edge.

Abstract: A blower includes an impeller configured to be turned about a rotational axis of the impeller, and a housing. The housing includes a wrapper which curves in a circumferential direction about the rotational axis along a spiral contour. The housing also includes a side wall coupled to an edge of the wrapper such that an inner transition region between the side wall and the wrapper, which at least partially forms a flow path of the blower between an inlet and an outlet of the blower, is rounded and not pointed.

Abstract: A radiator fan has a case, a stator assembly, and an impeller assembly. The stator assembly is assembled in the case. The impeller assembly is assembled in the case and has an impeller, a shaft, and a magnetic ring. The impeller has a hub and multiple blades. The hub has a hub diameter. The multiple blades are connected to the hub, are disposed around the hub at equal angular intervals, and have a blade span diameter. A ratio of the hub diameter to the blade span diameter is greater than or equal to 0.395 and is less than or equal to 0.515. The shaft is rotatably assembled to the case. The magnetic ring is fixed inside the hub, is disposed around the shaft, and is separated from the shaft by a gap.

Abstract: In a blade of a propeller fan, a position on a chord line where the camber becomes maximum is set as a maximum camber position A, and a ratio of a distance d between a leading edge and the maximum camber position A to a chord length c is set as a maximum camber position ratio. The end portion on the hub side of the blade is set as a blade root, and the end portion on the outer circumferential side of the blade is set as a blade end. In the blade, the maximum camber position ratio monotonically increases in the direction from the reference blade cross section located between the blade root and the blade end toward the blade end and becomes maximum at the blade end. Thus, fan efficiency of the propeller fan is improved.

Abstract: A compressor diffuser for a gas turbine engine comprises a plurality of diffuser pipes having a tubular body. The pipes have a first portion having a radial component and defining a throat at a location along the first portion, a second portion having an axial component, and a curved portion fluidly linking the first portion and the second portion. The first portion has an inner surface with a local surface contour located between the throat and the curved portion. The local surface contour extends along a portion of and around less than an entire perimeter of the first portion.

Abstract: A fan main body includes a blade that rotates and a frame that rotatably supports the blade, and a casing including a main body with a housing recess in which the fan main body is to be housed, and a snap-fit portion to fix the frame in the housing recess. The housing recess includes a housing bottom including a surface facing upward and a housing inner circumferential portion extending upward from the housing bottom, and opens upward. The snap-fit portion includes an elastic portion extending upward along the housing inner circumferential portion, and a claw portion projecting horizontally from a tip end portion of the elastic portion. A lower surface of the claw portion is inclined upward toward the tip of the claw portion.

Abstract: A fan is provided that includes a fan blade movable relative to a housing.

Abstract: An electrochemical hydrogen pump includes: a cell including a proton conductive electrolyte membrane having a first main surface and a second main surface, a cathode disposed on the first main surface of the proton conductive electrolyte membrane, and an anode disposed on the second main surface of the proton conductive electrolyte membrane; a voltage applier that applies a voltage between the anode and the cathode; a cooler that cools the cell; and a controller that controls the cooler to increase an amount of cooling per unit time of the cell when a pressure of a cathode gas flow path on the cathode increases.

Abstract: A rotary drive device has a fluid-actuated rotary drive with a drive housing and a drive unit which is rotative relative thereto. The drive unit includes a drive shaft and a pivot piston, non-rotatably arranged thereon, separating two drive chambers from one another. For controlling the fluid-actuated rotary drive, a control valve arrangement including at least one electrically actuatable control valve is provided, which is attached to the drive housing and in this way is combined with the rotary drive to form a drive assembly that can be handled as a single unit. Furthermore, a robot arm is proposed, which has the rotary drive device as an arm joint connecting two arm members.

Abstract: An actuator arrangement, having a drive for providing a rotational movement about an axis of rotation and which includes an actuator housing whose outer surface extends with a curved profiling along the axis of rotation and which delimits a working space, in which a working element is rotatably accommodated, which includes a drive shaft which penetrates a front surface of the actuator housing, wherein the actuator housing is penetrated by a working port, which is designed for a connection of the working space with a valve arrangement, and with a valve arrangement, which is designed for a provision of a fluid flow at the working port and which includes a valve module, which is accommodated in a valve shaft of a valve housing and which has a fluid port, wherein the valve housing extends with a profiling in the form of a circular ring section along the axis of rotation.

Abstract: A dual spool valve and methods of controlling hydraulic fluid that is moved to a hydraulic actuator of an aircraft. The dual spool valve may include first and second manifolds that each includes a movable spool. Multiple ports are positioned in each of the manifolds. The movable spools are positionable within their respective manifolds to control the movement of the hydraulic fluid that is supplied to and removed from the hydraulic actuator.

Abstract: A dual spool valve and methods of controlling hydraulic fluid that is moved to a hydraulic actuator of an aircraft. The dual spool valve may include ports to receive and discharge hydraulic fluid. The dual spool valve may also include first and second valve sections that are selectively positionable to control the flow of hydraulic fluid into and out of the actuator. One position provides for hydraulic fluid to move through closure lines. Method of controlling the dual spool valve may provide for selectively positioning the valve sections to control the flow of hydraulic fluid, and to position the valve sections to move hydraulic fluid through a closure line during certain circumstances.

Abstract: Provided is a hydraulic actuator having a tube with improved durability, the hydraulic actuator (10), having an actuator main body (100) constituted of a cylindrical tube (110) capable of expanding/contracting by hydraulic pressure and a cylindrical sleeve (120) formed by cords woven to be disposed in predetermined directions, wherein: the tube (110) has a laminated structure including two or more rubber layers, the rubber layers being constituted of at least one polar rubber layer (111) containing, with respect to a rubber component(s), ?50 mass % of a polar rubber of which SP value is ?8.7 and at least one non-polar rubber layer (112) containing, with respect to a rubber component(s), <50 mass % of a polar rubber of which SP value is ?8.7.

Abstract: A rotary drive device has a fluid-actuated rotary drive which has a drive housing and a drive unit rotatable about a main axis relative to the drive housing. The drive unit contains a pivot piston which divides two drive chambers from one another in the interior of the drive housing, which can be supplied with compressed air fluidic pressure medium controlled by a control fluid channel system, in order to cause a rotational movement of the drive unit. The rotary drive is equipped with a pressure detecting device, which enables pressure detection of the fluid pressure prevailing in the two drive chambers by means of pressure detecting channels formed separately with respect to the control fluid channel system. A robot arm is also proposed, which includes the rotary drive device as an arm joint.

Abstract: An air supply unit for a pneumatic system is provided herein. The unit includes a compressor inlet for receiving compressed air in a supply mode. The unit further includes a consumption outlet for connecting at least one consumption circuit. The unit further includes an air processing unit connected to the compressor inlet for drying and filtering the compressed air and delivering dried compressed air at its outlet. The unit further includes a supply line extending from the outlet to the consumption outlet. The unit further includes a purge tank connected to the supply line. The purge tank is connected to the supply line through a throttle for pressure reduction of the purge air. In order to realize a short filling time, the purge tank is further connected to the supply line by a filling valve. The filling valve is open in the supply mode and blocking in the purge mode.

Abstract: A hydraulic excavator drive system includes: a boom cylinder; a boom first control valve connected to the boom cylinder by a boom raising supply line and a boom lowering supply line, and connected to a first pump by a first boom distribution line; a boom second control valve connected to the boom raising supply line by a boom replenishment line, and connected to a second pump by a second boom distribution line; an arm cylinder; an arm control valve connected to the arm cylinder by an arm crowding supply line and an arm pushing supply line, and connected to the second pump by an arm distribution line; a regenerative line connecting between the boom replenishment line and the arm distribution line; and an openable and closeable regenerative valve provided on the regenerative line.

Abstract: A baffle apparatus for improving a flow deviation of a fluid due to the enlargement of a flow cross-section of the fluid including a plurality of baffle members. Each of the plurality of baffle members has a first part into which the fluid enters and a second part from which the fluid flows out, the first part and the second part are integrated, the first part of each of the plurality of baffle members is at a position where the flow cross-section of the fluid is enlarged and the second part of each of the plurality of baffle members is at the position where the flow cross-section of the fluid is constant, and ends of the first parts are spaced apart from each other by a distance satisfying the equation: d i = D f ? ( i ) ? ? i = 1 n ? 1 f ? ( i ) , and the second parts are spaced apart from each other by a uniform distance.

Abstract: System are provided for internal flow control using plasma actuators. In various exemplary embodiments, a system for fluid flow includes a conduit that contains the fluid flow internally. The conduit has a geometry change through which the fluid flow is channeled. A plasma actuator is disposed in contact with the fluid flow to generate a jet flow in the fluid flow to influence the fluid flowing through the geometry change.

Abstract: A mounting structure apparatus for dynamically loaded structure joints is disclosed. The apparatus includes a first member having an aperture through a first surface and communicating with a counterbore in a second surface. A second member is included having a blind bore coaxial with the first member aperture. An insert is engageable with the counter bore, and a fastener is disclosed insertable into the first member aperture and interactive with the second member to join the first member to the second member.

Abstract: A riveting structure and a riveting method are provided. The riveting structure includes a first metal element and a second metal element. The first metal element includes a first upper surface, a pressure-receiving portion and a recess portion. The recess portion is recessed from the first upper surface. The pressure-receiving portion is protruded from a surface of the recess portion. The second metal element includes a second lower surface and a protrusion portion and has a through hole. The protrusion portion is protruded from the second lower surface and correspondingly disposed in the recess portion. The through hole penetrates the second metal element via a central part of the protrusion portion. The pressure-receiving portion is correspondingly received in the through hole and is adapted to be pressed and deformed to be riveted to the through hole.