Abstract: Disclosed is a method for controlling a solar air conditioner, which includes: a detection step, detecting the change situation of a DC voltage outputted by an inverter of the solar air conditioner when it is detected that the solar air conditioner enters an energy-saving control mode; and a judging step, adjusting an operating frequency of a compressor of the solar air conditioner according to the change situation of the DC voltage, so that the solar air conditioner uses a solar cell to supply power. Thus, solar energy can be used to the maximum degree, the problem that there is a need to supply power by a mains power supply because the power supplied for the solar energy is insufficient is avoided, and the cost is saved. Further a device for controlling the solar air conditioner and the solar air conditioner are provided.

Abstract: An air-conditioning apparatus includes a selection unit and a determination unit, the selection unit selecting a reverse-defrosting operation mode or a heating-defrosting simultaneous operation mode, the reverse-defrosting operation mode being a mode in which all of parallel heat exchangers are defrosted by stopping a heating operation, the heating-defrosting simultaneous operation mode being a mode in which each parallel heat exchanger is sequentially defrosted while continuing a heating operation, the determination unit determining whether or not a defrosting operation is to be started, in which the determination unit is configured to start the defrosting operation in a state where the amount of frost deposited on the parallel heat exchangers is smaller in a case where the heating-defrosting simultaneous operation mode is selected than in a case where the reverse-defrosting operation is selected.

Abstract: A ventilating device includes a frame forming an outer contour, an airflow path formed by a flowing of air inside the frame, and a plurality of orifices configured to measure a static pressure in a chamber where the airflow path is located, wherein at least one orifice of the plurality of orifices is further configured to drain water out of the frame. In the present disclosure, the orifice for static pressure measurement is provided in the air supply path and/or the air discharge path at a position where the dew is dominantly accumulated, the drainage function and the function of measuring the static pressure may be realized simultaneously, reducing the cost and ensuring air tightness.

Abstract: This technology provides a splitter comprising: a first sound absorber; a second sound absorber; a perforated plate member interposed between the first sound absorber and the second sound absorber; and an outer frame surrounding the first sound absorber, the second sound absorber and the perforated plate member; and a sound attenuator comprising: a protective case; a plurality of splitters according to above embodiment formed in the protective case and spaced from each other; and an air passage formed among the plurality of splitters.

Abstract: A water heater including a burner body (1) and a fan case (2) accommodated in casing (100), wherein the burner body (1) has a main burner body unit having a flat burner (3) on a lower surface side thereof and an introducing unit (11) protruding upward from the upper surface of the main burner body unit (12), wherein a discharging portion (53) of the ignition electrode (50) is disposed within a projection plane (180) when wall sections (13) (14) (15) (16) of the introducing unit (11) is projected downwardly.

Abstract: A water heater has a tank, a burner, and a heat exchanger within the tank interior volume that has three tubes. The burner exhausts gas into the first tube. The second tube is non-linear, and the third tube connects the first tube with the second tube. The cross-sectional area of the first tube is greater than the cross-sectional area of the third tube. The cross-sectional area of the third tube is greater than the cross-sectional area of the second tube.

Abstract: Exemplary embodiments are disclosed of a climate control system that includes an igniter and a controller having an igniter relay. The controller senses a current level through the igniter and senses voltage between terminals of a second relay of the controller. In a given one of a plurality of operational phases of the system, the controller is configured to compare the sensed current level and sensed voltage to a current level and voltage associated with a specific condition of the igniter, igniter relay, or second relay in the given phase. Based on a result of the comparing, the controller is configured to distinguish between a failure of one of the relays and a failure of the igniter.

Abstract: A swimming pool cover with lenses is disclosed. The swimming pool cover uses lenses to focus ambient solar energy into the water of a swimming pool. In one embodiment, a plurality of rectangular lenses is connected at their edges by a minimal amount of connecting or gusset material, in order to create an impermeable sheet, while maximizing the amount of incident solar energy absorbed by the swimming pool water. The swimming pool cover also protects detritus from falling into the swimming pool, while at the same time, reduces the amount of heat loss through evaporation. In another embodiment, the gusset material connects a plurality of lenses, varying in both size and shape.

Abstract: A bracket for installing photovoltaic modules on a tile roof. The bracket can have a base portion adapted to sit on a flat roof surface below a tile. A pair of curved portions above the base portion can be supported by a pair of vertical portions. A riser portion can be connected to the pair of curved portion and rising in a direction perpendicular to a roof surface. A flange can be connected to and be perpendicular to the riser portion and parallel to the base.

Abstract: Falling particle solar receivers, systems, and methods are disclosed that include one non-linear falling particle curtain or two or more falling particle curtains within a solar receiver that receives incident solar radiation. The particles heated in the solar receiver may be used to heat a secondary fluid. In an embodiment, the particles may be recirculated to improve energy capture and thermal efficiency. In other embodiments, an air curtain may be used across the aperture of the receiver, and flow-control devices may be used to evenly spread particles across the width of the receiver inlet. Finally, feed particles may be preheated using heat from the solar receiver.

Abstract: A refrigeration cycle apparatus includes at least a compressor, a condenser, an internal heat exchanger configured to exchange heat between parts of refrigerant each having a different pressure, a refrigerant reservoir configured to store the refrigerant, a first pressure reducing device, an evaporator. The compressor, the condenser, the internal heat exchanger, the refrigerant reservoir, the first pressure reducing device, and the evaporator are sequentially connected to each other. The refrigeration cycle apparatus also includes a first pipe connecting the condenser and the refrigerant reservoir, and a second pressure reducing device provided to the first pipe between the internal heat exchanger and the refrigerant reservoir.

Abstract: A heating/cooling system for furnishing employs an electrochemical heat transfer device. An electrochemical heat transfer device may be an electrochemical hydrogen compressor that pumps hydrogen into and out of a tank having a metal hydride forming alloy therein. The absorption of hydrogen by the metal hydride forming alloy is exothermic, produces heat, and the desorption of the hydrogen from the metal hydride forming, alloy is endothermic and draws heat in. An electrochemical hydrogen compressor may be configured between the tanks and pump hydrogen back and forth to form a heat transfer device. A heat exchange device may be coupled with the tank or may comprise the outer surface of the tank to transfer heat to an object or to the surroundings. A closed loop may be configured having two tanks and one or two electrochemical hydrogen compressors to pump the hydrogen in a loop around the system.

Abstract: A method for changing a temperature of the interior volume of a thermally insulated space to a preset temperature and maintaining it at the preset temperature using two thermochemical systems which can be connected to an external energy source. The reactor of one of the systems is heated until fully regenerated, while the other system keeps the temperature at the preset temperature; when the reactor is fully regenerated, the system comprising the regenerated reactor is used to maintain the preset temperature and the reactor of the other system is heated to regenerate it as long as it is connected to the external energy source.

Abstract: A radiative cooler is provided having a thermally insulated vacuum chamber housing that is configured to support a vacuum level of at least 10?5 Torr, an infared-transparent window that is sealably disposed on top of the thermally insulated vacuum chamber and is transparet in the range of 8-13 ?m, a selective emitter disposed inside the chamber, a mirror cone on the infared-transparent window, a selective emitter inside the chamber and is configured to passively dissipate heat from the earth into outer space through the infared-transparent window and is thermally decoupled from ambient air and solar irradiation but coupled to outer space, a heat exchanger with inlet and outlet pipes disposed below the selective emitter to cool water flowing through the pipe, a sun shade disposed vertically outside the chamber to minimize direct solar irradiation, and a mirror cone to minimize downward atmospheric radiation.

Abstract: A refrigerant compressor particularly a rotary screw compressor comprising a compressor housing, a compressor element which is driven by a drive and is arranged in said compressor housing, at least one bearing unit for at least one element of the drive which comprises at least one bearing housing and at least one roller bearing that is arranged in the bearing housing. Lubricant is supplied by a lubricant distribution system to the bearing housing and a lubricant dispensing unit which comprises a filter holding chamber and a filter body that is arranged in the filter holding chamber is associated with the bearing housing.

Abstract: A heat pump includes a closed circuit to contain a refrigerant fluid and a lubricant that is miscible with the refrigerant fluid. The closed circuit includes a fluid compressor and a fluid return circuit for returning fluid to the compressor. The compressor extends in the closed circuit between a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet. The return circuit extends in the closed circuit, complementarily to the compressor, between the fluid outlet and the fluid inlet. The return circuit includes a condenser, an expander and an evaporator. The return circuit also includes a first line extending between the fluid outlet and the condenser, a second line extending between the condenser and the expander, a third line extending between the expander and the evaporator, and a fourth line extending between the evaporator and the fluid inlet.

Abstract: Systems and methods for controlling a cooling circuit for a variable frequency drive (VFD) in an HVACR system are disclosed. The method includes determining, by a controller, an operating condition of a heat sink associated with the VFD. The controller determines whether a temperature of the heat sink is greater than or equal to a heat sink temperature threshold. The method further includes enabling a bypass flow control device in response to the heat sink temperature being greater than or equal to the heat sink temperature threshold.

Abstract: A heat pump device includes a compressor, a motor, a shell, a muffler, a heat exchanger, a housing, a blower, a first insulating material, and a second insulating material. The compressor compresses refrigerant. The motor drives the compressor. The shell houses the motor and the compressor. The compressor is connected to the muffler, which is further connected to heat exchanger. The housing has first and second spaces. The shell, the heat exchanger, and the muffler are disposed in the first space. The blower is disposed in the second space. The muffler is entirely located within a space between the shell and the first heat exchanger. The first insulating material at least partially cover the discharge muffler and the first heat exchanger. The second insulating material at least partially cover the shell. The first insulating material has a higher thermal resistance than the second insulating material.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a vapor compression system that includes a refrigerant loop, a compressor disposed along the refrigerant loop and configured to circulate refrigerant through the refrigerant loop, and a heat exchanger disposed along the refrigerant loop and configured to place the refrigerant in a heat exchange relationship with a cooling fluid. The heat exchanger includes a water box portion having a first length, a shell having a second length, a plurality of tubes disposed in the shell and configured to flow the cooling fluid, and a cooling fluid portion having a third length, where the water box portion and the cooling fluid portion are coupled to the shell, such that the first length, the second length, and the third length form a combined length of the heat exchanger that is substantially equal to a target length.

Abstract: An apparatus, system, and method of separating and directing process fluid flow via the use of both low pressure drop pipes and high performance tubes within a refrigerant evaporator are disclosed. The evaporator includes a shell; the shell includes a process fluid inlet and a process fluid outlet. The evaporator also includes a plurality of tubes disposed within the shell and carrying a process fluid; the plurality of tubes includes a first plurality of tubes and a second plurality of tubes. The evaporator further includes a plurality of redirect pipes disposed within the shell and carrying the process fluid; the plurality of redirect pipes includes a first redirect pipe and a second redirect pipe. The evaporator functions by separating and directing process fluid flow into two portions via the use of both tubes and redirect pipes.

Abstract: A refrigeration cycle system includes: a first refrigeration cycle apparatus which is connected to a first compressor, a first condenser, a first pressure reduction device, and a first evaporator and through which the refrigerant circulates; a second refrigeration cycle apparatus which is connected to a second compressor, a second condenser, and a second pressure reduction device, and a second evaporator; a first bypass passage connecting a portion between the first evaporator and the first compressor to a portion between the second evaporator and the second compressor; and a second bypass passage connecting a portion between the first condenser and the first pressure reduction device to a portion between the second condenser and the second pressure reduction device.

Abstract: When charging a refrigerant circuit with refrigerant, a control component starts a heating refrigerant charging operation that is performed by switching the refrigerant circuit to a heating cycle state and performs the heating refrigerant charging operation until a predetermined heating refrigerant charging completion condition is met. Thereafter, the control component switches to a cooling refrigerant charging operation that is performed by switching the refrigerant circuit to a cooling cycle state and performs the cooling refrigerant charging operation until a refrigerant charging completion condition where the refrigerant circuit is charged with a prescribed quantity of the refrigerant is met.

Abstract: An air conditioner includes a refrigerant circuit which connects an outdoor circuit and a plurality of indoor circuits connected in parallel. The air conditioner includes a leak detection section which detects leak of a refrigerant from the indoor circuits, and a control section which circulates the refrigerant to perform a refrigeration cycle when the leak detection section detects leak of the refrigerant such that the refrigerant in the indoor circuits of the refrigerant circuit is at a low pressure. Providing the control section in the air conditioner can reduce the leak of the refrigerant from the indoor circuit at low cost.

Abstract: A refrigeration cycle apparatus using refrigerant including HFO-1123, the refrigeration cycle apparatus including a compressor, a condenser, an expansion valve, and an evaporator connected in a loop, and a cooling unit configured to cool the refrigerant at an inlet of the expansion valve.

Abstract: An air conditioner of the present invention includes: a compressor; an outdoor fan; a temperature sensor configured to detect an outside temperature; a memory configured to store the outside temperature detected by the temperature sensor; and a controller configured to conduct holding control of not updating the outside temperature stored in the memory, when the compressor is being driven and the outdoor fan is stopped or is repeatedly started and stopped after the outside temperature detected by the temperature sensor is stored in the memory while the outdoor fan is being driven.

Abstract: A vapour compression system (1) includes an ejector (6) and a liquid separating device (10) arranged in a suction line. At least one evaporator (9) is allowed to be operated in a flooded state. A flow rate of refrigerant from the liquid separating device (10) to the secondary inlet (15) of the ejector (6) is detected, and it is determined whether or not the flow rate is sufficient to remove liquid refrigerant produced by the evaporator(s) (9) from the liquid separating device (10). In the case that it is determined that the flow rate of refrigerant from the liquid separating device (10) to the secondary inlet (15) of the ejector (6) is insufficient to remove liquid refrigerant produced by the evaporator(s) (9), the flow rate of refrigerant from the liquid separating device (10) to the secondary inlet (15) of the ejector (6) is increased, and/or a flow rate of liquid refrigerant from the evaporator(s) (9) to the liquid separating device (10) is decreased.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are an ice maker assembly movably disposed in a storage space, and a refrigerator comprising the same are provided. An ice maker assembly disposed in a storage space of a refrigerator to form ice, the ice maker assembly includes an ice maker unit configured to form ice and a basket unit configured to store the ice formed in the ice maker unit, wherein the ice maker unit includes a frame mounted at the refrigerator, a tray mounted at the frame and having a space in which the ice is formed, a water tank tiltably mounted at the frame and configured to supply water to the tray, and water stored in the water tank is supplied to the tray when the water tank is tilted in one direction.

Abstract: According to an embodiment, a refrigerator, comprising: a main body comprising a food storage space; a door installed in the main body and configured to open and close the food storage space; and an ice-making device installed in the food storage space, wherein the ice-making device comprises a case comprising a cooling space defined therein, a cooling unit configured to cool the cooling space, and an ice-making system disposed in the cooling space and configured to produce ice pieces, the ice-making system comprising an ice tray comprising a plurality of ice-making spaces capable of retaining water, and a water supply unit configured to supply water to the ice-making spaces, the water supply unit comprises a feeder pipe configured to feed water to the ice-making system, and a water supply pipe connected to the feeder pipe and disposed above the ice tray to extend along a length direction of the ice tray, and a plurality of water supply holes is formed in the water supply pipe in the positions corresponding t

Abstract: A refrigerator having a cabinet, a door for providing access within the cabinet, an ice maker for making ice operably connected to the cabinet, and an ice bin with a pair of opposite-facing walls and a bottom wall. The ice bin is disposed within the cabinet and located adjacent the ice maker, and has a stir stick assembly having a stir stick, a cam rod, and a pair of breaker walls and is positioned within the ice bin. The stir stick oscillates about an axis of rotation and the cam rod is coupled to the stir stick. The pair of breaker walls are engaged with the cam rod near the bottom of the breaker walls, and hingedly attached to the pair of opposite-facing walls.

Abstract: The invention relates to a cooling device 1, in particular a freezer 2, having a cooling circuit 3, wherein the cooling circuit 3 has a compressor 4, at least one evaporator 5, and a condenser 44, and a closable cooling space 6 with a plurality of cooling space sidewalls 7, a cooling space base 8, at least one cooling element 9, and an insulation vessel 10. In the cooling device 1 the evaporator 5 and the cooling element 9 are disposed within the cooling space 6 such that the back of the cooling element 11 at least partially abuts on the evaporator 5 and the front of the cooling element 12 faces the insulation vessel 10, and the insulation vessel 10 is closed at least towards the at least one cooling element 9 and forms a space for cooling goods 13. The back of the cooling element 11 abutting the evaporator 5 has at least one recess 14 into which at least one removable cold accumulator 15 can be inserted.

Abstract: An air-cooled refrigerator comprises: a housing, a freezer liner, a variable-temperature liner, a refrigerator liner, a foam layer, an embedded member, an electric damper, a freezer air outlet channel, a variable-temperature air inlet channel and a refrigeration air inlet channel. The space between the housing and the freezer liner, variable-temperature liner and refrigerator liner is filled with the foam layer. The electric damper is disposed above the embedded member and in the foam layer, and is provided with a cool air inlet, a first cool air outlet and a second cool air outlet thereon.

Abstract: A refrigerator door and a manufacturing method of the same are disclosed. The refrigerator door includes a front panel that includes a first through hole and an input unit, a door liner, an upper cap decoration unit configured to seal an upper side of a first space defined between the front panel and the door liner, a frame attached to an inside of the front panel and defining a second space, a display assembly provided between the frame and the front panel and configured to emit light through the first through hole, and a touch sensor assembly provided between the frame and the front panel, the touch sensor assembly being fixed to a rear of the front panel at a position that corresponds to a location of the input unit. The upper cap decoration unit includes a communication hole for communicating with the second space and includes a cap cover.

Abstract: For the purpose of improving manufacturability, a home appliance device, in particular a home chiller appliance device, is proposed. The device has at least one inner liner defining at least one storage space and having at least one first wall section and at least one second wall section with at least one gap between the first wall section and the second wall section. A separate cover unit is connected to the inner liner and is arranged outside the storage space. The cover unit covers the gap.

Abstract: A refrigerator of the present invention may have a drawer which is provided in a storage compartment formed on a cabinet and which accommodates stored goods, the drawer being movably supported by a drawer guide disposed in the storage compartment. In the storage compartment, a frame which is supported to be movable in the front/back directions by a frame guide may be provided, and a door opening and closing the storage compartment may be connected with the frame by a link. The frame may have a base part which is disposed on the lower side of the drawer and is connected with the link, and the frame may comprise a side plate which extends from the base part and reaches a height corresponding to the drawer. The side plate may comprise a vertical part which is vertical with respect to the base part. A cross section formed by horizontally cutting the vertical part may be formed so as to be elongated along the moving direction of the drawer.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provide a different solution for revamping existing producing apparatuses so as to increase the production of low pressure pure nitrogen while controlling as far as possible the capital and operation expenditures. The revamping solution comprises increasing the diameter and/or height of a pure nitrogen column to thereby improve the production capacity thereof; choosing to switch the conduits where the waste liquid nitrogen and pure liquid nitrogen are passed through in the subcooler according to the increment of the low pressure pure nitrogen production; adding an additional heat exchanger to conduct a heat exchange between a portion of the medium pressure air and the increased low pressure pure nitrogen; or simultaneously switching the main parts of the conduits which transfer the pure liquid nitrogen and waste liquid nitrogen from a first column of higher pressure to a second column of lower pressure while performing the above revamping.

Abstract: A vacuum drying system includes: a support platform, which is used to support the substrate, wherein the support platform comprises a plurality of sub-platforms which are arranged along a predetermined direction and there are gaps between the adjacent sub-platforms; a mechanical arm which comprises a plurality of strip structures at positions corresponding to the gaps, and is used to place the substrate onto the support platform or move the substrate out of the support platform. Comparing to the prior art wherein the substrate is supported by a plurality of needle-shaped supports in the vacuum drying process, in the technical solution of the present disclosure, the contact area between the support platform and the substrate is much larger, which can reduce the local pressure on the substrate, thereby avoiding the display brightness mura of the substrate caused by the supporting operation in the vacuum drying process.

Abstract: Refractory anchoring devices include a main body and a mounting feature for mounting to a thermal vessel. The main body has the shape of two end-to-end Y's forming a central segment, two branch segments extending from each end of the central segment, and an extension segment extending from each of the four branch segments, to collectively form four unenclosed cell openings that are each semi-hexagonal in shape. Some embodiments include four reinforcement segments with each one extending into a respective cell opening, four voids with each one extending through respective adjacent branch and extension segments, an underbody gap formed under the central segment for refractory interlinking between cell openings, and/or a single stud-welding stud for the mounting feature.

Abstract: An air-cooled chiller system includes a heat exchanger including a first tube bank including at least a first and a second flattened tube segments extending longitudinally in spaced parallel relationship; a second tube bank including at least a first and a second flattened tube segments extending longitudinally in spaced parallel relationship, the second tube bank disposed behind the first tube bank with a leading edge of the second tube bank spaced from a trailing edge of the first tube bank; a fan creating an airflow across the first heat exchanger, the airflow flowing over the first tube bank prior to flowing over the second tube bank, wherein refrigerant flows in the heat exchanger in a cross-counterflow direction opposite that of the airflow direction.

Abstract: A heat exchanger includes a plate with an external surface, a channel, and a nozzle. The external surface bounds an interior of the plate. The channel is disposed in the heat exchanger and passes through a portion of the interior. The nozzle is integrally disposed in the heat exchanger, extends through a portion of the external surface, and is fluidly connected to the channel. The nozzle is configured to transport a liquid from the channel, through the external surface, and to distribute the liquid onto a portion of the heat exchanger.

Abstract: A heat exchanger includes a core portion including a plurality of tubes, and header tanks located on opposite ends in the longitudinal direction of the plurality of tubes and communicate with the plurality of tubes. A first fluid flows through a first tank chamber and a first tube group of the plurality of tubes. A second fluid different in temperature range from the first fluid flows through a second tank chamber and a second tube group of the plurality of tubes connected to the second tank chamber. The heat exchanger includes a flow rate limiting portion. The flow rate limiting portion is configured to reduce a flow rate of the first fluid or the second fluid supplied to at least first one tube of the plurality of tubes from a boundary portion provided by the partition wall.

Abstract: A heat exchanger assembly is provided which includes a coaxial heat exchanger that is formed, at least in part, of a more corrosion resistant material such as, but not limited to stainless steel, titanium and/or alloys thereof. The assembly further includes a condenser tee connected at each end of the coaxial conduit or tubing defining the heat exchanger. The assembly allows for a non-brazed connection of the condenser tee to an inner tube of the coaxial heat exchanger. In some embodiments, the compression fitting may be connected directly to the heat exchanger without the use of a tee.

Abstract: A protection element for heat dissipation unit includes a main body and a protection element. The main body is divided into a working zone and a sealing zone. The sealing zone is located around an outer periphery of the working zone and is provided with a notch area, to which a fluid-adding and air-evacuating pipe is connected. The protection element is a ductile structure correspondingly arranged at the notch area to contact with the sealing zone of the main body and the pipe. With the arrangement of the protection element, the fluid-adding and air-evacuating pipe is protected against collision and impact and accordingly, the main body of the heat dissipation unit is protected against vacuum and working fluid leakage.

Abstract: A method and a control unit for evaluating lifting force of a gas phase of a substantially vertical upward two-phase flow of a first fluid in a heat exchanger. The first fluid comprises the gas phase and a liquid phase. The method comprises determining that the lifting force of the gas phase is insufficient for lifting the liquid phase based on hot end approach of the heat exchanger and/or on pressure drop of the first fluid over the heat exchanger. The control unit is configured to determine that the lifting force of the gas phase is insufficient for lifting the liquid phase based on hot end approach of the heat exchanger and/or on pressure drop of the first fluid over the heat exchanger. A heat exchanger assembly comprising a heat exchanger and the control unit.

Abstract: A tube for use in a heat exchanger includes an upper portion, a base portion spaced from the upper portion, and a partitioning wall depending from the upper portion. The partitioning wall is bent away and spaced from the base portion in a first section of the tube to form a single flow channel within the tube along the first section. The partitioning wall contacts the base portion in a second section of the tube to form a partition separating a first flow channel from a second flow channel along the second section. The first section of the tube is configured for reception into an opening of a header tank of the heat exchanger.

Abstract: A refrigerant distributor includes an inflow portion made of aluminum into which refrigerant flows through an inflow pipe, and a distributing portion made of aluminum that distributes incoming refrigerant to a plurality of outflow pipes. The distributing portion includes a main body portion connected to the inflow portion, and a plurality of outflow portions connected to the outflow pipes. The outflow portions are protruded from the main body portion, and are formed integrally with the main body portion.

Abstract: A light-emitting device including a lamp cover, a transparent front cover, a light-emitting element, a radiation layer and a reflective layer is provided. The transparent front cover and the lamp cover are combined together and form a cavity therein. The light-emitting element is disposed on the lamp cover and located within the cavity. The light-emitting element is used for emitting a light towards the transparent front cover. The radiation layer is formed on the lamp cover and the reflective layer is formed on the radiation layer.

Abstract: A heat exchanger apparatus having a first fluid channel, a second fluid channel, a bypass channel, and inlet and outlet manifolds. A thermal bypass valve assembly is positioned within the inlet manifold, and contains an outer sleeve having a first, second and third apertures axially displaced. An inner sleeve positioned within the outer sleeve and moveable from a first to a second position upon actuation of a first actuator. The inner sleeve has a first orifice on a wall of the inner sleeve and a second orifice defined by the inner sleeve second end. The first orifice aligns with the first aperture in the first position and the second aperture in the in the second position. A second actuator coupled to a stopper that engagingly disengages from the second orifice upon actuation of the second actuator.

Abstract: A firearm comprising: (i) an ammunition magazine which automatically ejects from the lower receiver of the firearm when the ammunition magazine is spent; (ii) a control group comprising a magazine release mechanism for releasing the magazine catch so that the ammunition magazine is detachable from the lower receiver, a bolt catch engage mechanism for engaging the bolt catch with the bolt carrier and retaining the bolt carrier in the retracted position, and a bolt catch release mechanism for releasing the bolt catch from the bolt carrier and allowing the bolt carrier to move forward, wherein the control group components can be operated by the user on either the left side or right side of the firearm; and (iii) optionally, a charging handle which can be operated by the user on either the left side or right side of the firearm.

Abstract: A reloadable magazine comprising a housing, a magazine spring, a carrier plate, an attachment pin, and a pull string. The housing further comprises a top and a bottom end and the magazine spring is disposed within the housing. Moreover, the carrier plate is disposed on a first end of the spring and the attachment pin is disposed on the carrier plate. In addition, the pull string includes a first end and a second end and the first end is attached to the attachment pin.

Abstract: There is disclosed herein systems, methods and apparatus relating to a selective fire firearm. A firing mechanism is provided for mechanically and electronically firing a firearm depending on the operating mode selected by the user. A selector mechanism allows for selection of a safety mode of operation, a semi-automatic firing mode of operation, an automatic firing mode of operation, and an electronic firing mode of operation.