Abstract: In some embodiments, the present disclosure pertains to a method of delivery of an active agent to a target tissue, in a subject in need thereof comprising positioning a high intensity focused ultrasound transducer to enable delivery of ultrasound energy to the target tissue. Such a method comprises energizing the high intensity focused ultrasound transducer; imaging at least a portion of the target tissue; and discontinuing delivery of ultrasound energy. Further, such a method may comprise administering the active agent to the subject under the conditions of thermal stimulation. In another embodiment, the present disclosure relates to a method of treating a tumor in a subject in need thereof comprising administering a therapeutic agent to the subject and providing thermal stimulation to the tumor. In some embodiments, there is provided a method for increasing the efficacy of a therapeutic agent in a target tissue.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus (100) for producing and/or disengaging a fluid flow-capable medical threaded connection of a first connecting element (1) and a second connecting element (6), in particular for producing and/or disengaging a Luer lock connection, wherein the apparatus (100) comprises a first receiving device (20) for receiving the first connecting element (1) and a second receiving device (30) for receiving the second connecting element (6), wherein the first receiving device (20) and the second receiving device (30) are rotatable relative to each other about a common screwing axis (V) and displaceable relative to each other along said screwing axis (V), wherein the apparatus (100) is designed to relatively move the first receiving device (20) and the second receiving device (30) toward each other such that such that the first connecting element (1) and the second connecting element (6) are screwed together or the threaded connection disengaged, and wherein the associated connecting eleme

Abstract: A method for thrombus detection comprising employing an elongate tube having at least one opening at a distal end of the elongate tube. A coupling is attached or formed at the proximal end of the elongate tube. The detection of the presence of a thrombus is performed by using a syringe to withdraw blood through the at least one thrombus detection opening at the distal end of the elongate tube. If little or no blood is withdrawn, or if the withdrawal of blood is more difficult than expected, the presence of a thrombus obstructing the openings is indicated.

Abstract: A connector comprises a body having a tubing portion and a luer portion axially opposite the tubing portion and connected thereto, an internal passageway defined by an inner circumferential surface of the connector, the passageway extending axially between the tubing portion and the luer portion and in fluid communication therewith, a stopping mechanism disposed in the luer portion and configured to limit an extent of a fluid line disposed in the connector, and a retaining mechanism disposed in the tubing portion and configured to retain the fluid line in the connector.

Abstract: A puncture resistant bag has an open end into which is inserted the injection port of a Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter (PICC) assembly which has a flexible catheter. The open end of the bag is irreversibly sealed by one or two fastening mechanisms each having two parts which join to seal together a first side and a second side of the bag. Each fastening mechanism has a first part joined to or passing through the first side which is captured or adhesively bonded to a second part joined to or passing through the second side. The bag has indicia indicating where to cut to remove the locking mechanisms to access the port. The bag is sized such that the port cannot be rotated to a position adjacent the open end.

Abstract: A self-cleaning needleless connector may include a connector body defining a fluid passageway including an inlet and an outlet, a cover disposed over at least the inlet of the connector body, an access point disposed at an inlet end of the cover, where in a first position the inlet is within the cover and in an second position the inlet is extended beyond the cover and configured to receive a male luer, a reservoir containing a cleaning agent, and an abrasive surface located in the cover that is in fluid communication with the cleaning agent, where the abrasive surface and the cleaning agent are configured to contact an exterior surface of the inlet to create friction.

Abstract: A status monitoring function that simplifies the process of collecting status information for medical devices in a medical device system. Matrix codes are used to associate a medical device with a location. A maintenance application transmits the association information to a centralized tracking system. Status information about the medical device is also transmitted to the centralized tracking system from the maintenance application.

Abstract: A low-frequency treatment device includes a pad including a through hole and a pad side electrode on a rear surface, a holder disposed on the rear surface side of the pad so as to oppose the pad side electrode, a body including a body side electrode and detachably attached to the holder, and a wiring member configured to electrically connect the body side electrode and the pad side electrode. The wiring member includes a first end portion connected to the body side electrode, a second end portion connected to the pad side electrode, and a conductive portion, disposed such that a portion of the conductive portion extends through a through hole, for conducting electricity between the first end portion and the second end portion.

Abstract: A method of forming an implantable electrode having electrode contacts on an electrode carrier having a coating includes providing a solution of silicone and dexamethasone dissolved in a solvent, applying the solution to the electrode carrier or to a substrate, and subjecting the solution to a two-step heat treatment process that includes a first heat treatment between about 50 and 90° C. for about 1 to 3 hours and a second heat treatment at an elevated temperature between 90° C. and 140° C. for about 2 hours in order to form the coating.

Abstract: Systems, devices and methods are disclosed for the treatment of injured peripheral nerves or other tissue using electrical stimulation. The systems can be used either in intraoperative or peri-operative settings and incorporate the use of either a plurality of monopolar electrodes with a patch used as return or a plurality of bipolar electrodes such as a cuff. The systems can provide hands-free delivery of electrical stimulation therapy over a predetermined set of time.

Abstract: An iontophoresis system for positioning against skin of a subject is disclosed. The iontophoresis system can comprise at least one vessel having a solvent therein. An anode apparatus can couple to the at least one vessel. The anode apparatus can comprise a first reservoir configured to receive the solvent from the at least one vessel so that, when received into the first reservoir, the solvent makes contact with the skin of the subject, and a first electrode positioned above the first reservoir. A cathode apparatus can couple to the at least one vessel. The cathode apparatus can comprise a second reservoir configured to receive the solvent from the at least one vessel so that, when received into the first reservoir, the solvent makes contact with the skin of the subject, and a second electrode positioned above the second reservoir.

Abstract: The group of inventions relates to medicine (physiotherapy). Electric stimuli which are generated by the following ringing circuit: active electrode—inductive storage unit—passive electrode—interelectrode tissues—active electrode, contain oscillations which are used as a test signal. In one variant of the method the electrodes are successively applied (in another variant—moved uniformly) across the skin area. Every time the electrodes-to-skin contact is detected, the oscillation parameters are recorded after a delay. Moreover, the values of parameters can be averaged. The group of invention provides the use of both combined and disjointed (separated) electrodes. An optimal zone for electropulse therapy is identified by minimal or maximal value of one or more parameters of the aforementioned oscillations and the use of the principle of “small asymmetry”. The group of inventions provides an increase in the accuracy with which zones optimal for electropulse therapy are identified and localized.

Abstract: In various embodiments, methods are provided for improving, and/or regulating, and/or restoring respiration in a subject with a respiratory deficiency. In certain embodiments the methods involve neuromodulating the cervical spinal cord of a subject by administering transcutaneous stimulation to the cervical spinal cord or a region thereof at a frequency and intensity sufficient to regulate and/or to restore respiration; and/or neuromodulating the cervical spinal cord of a subject by administering epidural stimulation to the cervical spinal cord or a region thereof at a frequency and intensity sufficient to regulate and/or to restore respiration; and/or neuromodulating the cervical spinal cord of a subject with a magnetic stimulator at a frequency and intensity sufficient to regulate and/or to restore respiration.

Abstract: Embodiments may stimulate nerve activity using transcutaneous nerve stimulation, as well as monitor nerve activity through the skin. Various branches of the nervous system may be accessed at various points on the body.

Abstract: A medical device system and associated method predict a patient response to a cardiac therapy. The system includes for delivering cardiac pacing pulses to a patient's heart coupled to a cardiac sensing module and a cardiac pacing module for generating cardiac pacing pulses and controlling delivery of the pacing pulses at multiple pace parameter settings. An acoustical sensor obtains heart sound signals. A processor is enabled to receive the heart sound signals, derive a plurality of heart sound signal parameters from the heart sound signals, and determine a trend of each of the plurality of heart sound signal parameters with respect to the plurality of pace parameter settings. An external display is configured to present the trend of at least one heart sound parameter with respect to the plurality of pace parameter settings.

Abstract: Many embodiments of the invention provide a neuromoduation system that includes a digital control unit (DCU) that activates a stimulation engine during active stimulation, a current mirror that includes two feedback loops including a first feedback loop with positive feedback (PF) made of an error amplifier A1 and transistors M3 and M1 and a second feedback loop with a negative feedback (NF) made of the error amplifier A1 and transistor M3, and a high-voltage adaptive rail (Vdd/Vss) to accommodate voltage drops across high electrode impedances.

Abstract: A method of monitoring neural activity responsive to a stimulus in a brain, the method comprising: applying the stimulus to one or more of at least one electrode implanted in a target neural structure of the brain; detecting a resonant response from the target neural structure evoked by the stimulus at one or more of the at least one electrode in or near the target neural structure of the brain; and determining one or more waveform characteristics of the detected resonant response.

Abstract: A method of monitoring neural activity responsive to a stimulus in a brain, the method comprising: applying the stimulus to one or more of at least one electrode implanted in a target neural structure of the brain; detecting a resonant response from the target neural structure evoked by the stimulus at one or more of the at least one electrode in or near the target neural structure of the brain; and determining one or more waveform characteristics of the detected resonant response.

Abstract: A method, electrical tissue stimulation system, and programmer for providing therapy to a patient are provided. Electrodes are placed adjacent tissue (e.g., spinal cord tissue) of the patient, electrical stimulation energy is delivered from the electrodes to the tissue in accordance with a defined waveform, and a pulse shape of the defined waveform is modified, thereby changing the characteristics of the electrical stimulation energy delivered from the electrode(s) to the tissue. The pulse shape may be modified by selecting one of a plurality of different pulse shape types or by adjusting a time constant of the pulse shape.

Abstract: A method of stimulating nerve tissue, a tissue stimulation system, and an external control device are provided. The method, system, and control device causes an electrical stimulus to be applied to at least one electrode adjacent the nerve tissue of a patient. The applied electrical stimulus comprises a plurality of pulses defined by a pulse width value and an amplitude value. The pulse amplitude value is increased (e.g., manually), and the pulse width value is automatically decreased in response to increasing the pulse amplitude value in a manner that increases the intensity of the applied electrical stimulus. Alternatively, the pulse width value may be decreased (e.g., manually), and the pulse amplitude value automatically increased in response to decreasing the pulse width value in a manner that increases the intensity of the applied electrical stimulus.

Abstract: Embodiments described herein generally relate to methods and systems for monitoring and responding to changes in a patient's physiologic status. A method includes sensing pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) and thoracic impedance of a patient at rest. The method also includes detecting, based on the sensed PAP, whenever the patient's PAP at rest is outside an acceptable range of PAP measures for the patient at rest, and detecting, based on the sensed thoracic impedance, whenever the patient's respiration at rest is outside an acceptable range of respiration measures for the patient at rest. Various different actions are triggered depending upon whether the patient's PAP at rest is outside the acceptable range of PAP measures for the patient at rest, and whether the patient's respiration at rest is within the acceptable range of respiration measures for the patient at rest. Other embodiments relate to similar methods performed at other levels of exertion.

Abstract: A method and device apparatus to deliver a pacing therapy capable of remodeling a patient's heart over a period of time that includes monitoring one or more parameters in response to a delivered cardiac remodeling pacing, determining whether the cardiac remodeling pacing has an effect on cardiac normalization in response to the monitoring, and adjusting the cardiac remodeling pacing in response to the determined effect on cardiac normalization. The method and device may also perform short-term monitoring of one or more parameters in response to the delivered cardiac remodeling pacing, monitor one or more long-term parameter indicative of a long-term effect of the delivered cardiac remodeling pacing, determine the long-term effect of the delivered cardiac remodeling pacing on cardiac normalization in response to the monitoring, and adjust the cardiac remodeling pacing in response to one or both of the short-term monitoring and the determined long-term effect on cardiac normalization.

Abstract: A method and device apparatus to deliver a pacing therapy capable of remodeling a patient's heart over a period of time that includes delivering remodeling pacing during a first interval, the first interval comprising a first rate and a first duration, determining whether to adjust one or both of the first rate and the first duration during delivery of remodeling pacing during a next interval subsequent to the first interval, and delivering remodeling pacing during the next interval in response to the determining, wherein the next interval comprises one of the first rate and the first duration of the first interval and the adjusted one or both of the first rate and the first duration.

Abstract: The invention provides an implantable vagal nerve stimulator having a “passive” generating power source that harvests the stomach's movements to transform kinetic energy to electrical charge without the need for a battery. In this regard, the invention is self-powering and is automatically timed to stomach peristalsis. While sporadic stimulation to the vagal nerve would seem too infrequent to cause weight loss effects, electrical stimulation delivered at the optimal time (e.g., during food consumption) has been found to optimize the effects of vagal nerve stimulation, giving the user's brain a “full stomach” signal before the user over-consumes food.

Abstract: The device includes an energy harvesting module with a pendular unit formed of an elastically deformable piezoelectric beam associated with an inertial mass. A multifunction part includes an axial through-recess with inner bearing surfaces opposite respective outer faces of the beam. These bearing surfaces having an increasing transverse spacing, such as, during an oscillation cycle, the beam comes into contact with one of the bearing surfaces, hence reducing the free length of the beam as the bending of the latter goes along. The multifunction part also allows rationalizing the manufacturing and the assembly of the capsule, with high-level integration of the inner components of the implant.

Abstract: A method is provided for establishing a communication session with an implantable medical device (“IMD”). The method includes configuring an IMD and an external device to communicate with one another through a protocol that utilizes a dedicated advertisement channel. The advertisement period and the scan period of the protocol are independent of one another such that the advertisement and scan periods at least partially overlap intermittently after a number of cycles. When the external device detects one of the advertisement notices, the method includes establishing a communications link between the external device and the IMD.

Abstract: A system includes a controller module, which includes a storage device, a controller, a modulator, and one or more antennas. The storage device is stored with parameters defining a stimulation waveform. The controller is configured to generate, based on the stored parameters, an output signal that includes the stimulation waveform, wherein the output signal additionally includes polarity assignments for electrodes in an implantable, passive stimulation device. The modulator modulates a stimulus carrier signal with the output signal to generate a transmission signal.

Abstract: An example of a system for programming a neurostimulator may include a storage device and a user interface. The storage device may be configured to store waveform building blocks. The user interface may include a display screen, a user input device, and an interface control circuit. The interface control circuit may include a waveform composer configured to allow for composition of one of more building blocks and composition of a pattern of neurostimulation pulses using selected one or more waveform building blocks. The waveform composer may include a library controller and waveform building block editors. The library controller may be configured to display a library management area on the screen. The displayed library management area allows a user to manage the stored waveform building blocks. The waveform building block editors may each be configured to allow the user to compose a type of the waveform building blocks.

Abstract: Method for truncating and summating shock vector energy between at least two shock vectors in a defibrillator, including the procedures of applying at least two biphasic defibrillating shock vectors simultaneously via at least two electrode sets until a voltage inversion point, terminating at least a first one of the biphasic defibrillating shock vectors at the voltage inversion point, and directing a remaining energy of the first one of the biphasic defibrillating shock vectors to a second phase of at least a second one of the biphasic defibrillating shock vectors.

Abstract: A defibrillator system optimizes the timing and manner of applying a defibrillator charge to a patient based upon data provided to the defibrillator from a utility module or one or more external devices. A parameter module on the utility module provides the defibrillator with patient parameter information. Devices external to the utility module may provide the utility module with coaching data that the utility module may pass through to the defibrillator as a proxy to the external devices. The utility module may also provide external devices with patient data that the utility module may pass through to the external devices as a proxy to the defibrillator on a scheduled or other basis. The utility module may additionally provide a reserve of power to enable defibrillators to be used where power is unavailable and to enable defibrillators to deliver multiple charges more readily anywhere, anytime.

Abstract: A device for influencing biological sequences in living tissue, in particular a human body, includes a field generation device for generating the pulsating magnetic field to be applied to at least a part of the tissue, and a pulse generator controlling the field generation device. The pulsating magnetic field is composed of a sequence of primary pulses which are formed by a plurality of superimposed sub-pulses. The pulse repetition rate of which is between 0.01 and 1000 Hz. The sequence of primary pulses separated from a second sequence of primary pulses by a rest pause. The curve profile of the maximum amplitude of the primary pulses has a slope mB of ??<mB<?0.1 at the beginning of the rest pause and/or has a slope mE of ?>mE>0.1 at the end of the rest pause.

Abstract: A pulsed electromagnetic emission device is provided, which is configured to be placed in adherence with at least a part of the body of a user, including at least a first emitter configured to emit at least one pulsed magnetic field and at least a second emitter configured to generate at least one luminous signal, wherein the second emitter is at least partly immersed in the pulsed magnetic field when the first emitter emits the pulsed magnetic field.

Abstract: Apparatus for applying Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) to an individual, wherein the apparatus comprises: a head mount for disposition on the head of an individual; and a plurality of magnet assemblies for releasable mounting on the head mount, wherein each of the magnet assemblies comprises a permanent magnet, and at least one of (i) a movement mechanism for moving the permanent magnet and/or (ii) a magnetic shield shutter mechanism, for selectively providing a rapidly changing magnetic field capable of inducing weak electric currents in the brain of an individual so as to modify the natural electrical activity of the brain of the individual; wherein the number of magnet assemblies mounted on the head mount, their individual positioning on the head mount, and their selective provision of a rapidly changing magnetic field is selected so as to allow the spatial, strength and temporal characteristics of the magnetic field to be custom tailored for each individual, whereby to provide individual-specific

Abstract: A method for using a sonic wave to influence material in a target structure requires using a confined plasma antenna to generate an electromagnetic carrier wave, ?. The confined plasma antenna also pulses the carrier wave at a sonic frequency, f, to create a sonic wave. In detail, pulsing the carrier wave results in a sequential plurality of solitons which are separated from each other by a periodicity p, wherein ?«p. For the present invention, f is selected to resonate with a material (e.g. a cellular structure) in a target structure (e.g. a patient).

Abstract: A method and computer program product for suppressing the symptoms of multiple sclerosis (MS) by irradiating a subject exhibiting the symptoms with a pre-determined dose of UV-containing light from a light source and detecting a suppression of the clinical symptoms of MS. In particular, the detected suppression of the clinical symptoms is disassociated from the vitamin D production within the subject.

Abstract: Certain exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure can provide an apparatus and method for generating at least one radiation can be provided. The exemplary apparatus and/or method can selectively kill and/or affect at least one bacteria. For example, a radiation source first arrangement can be provided which is configured to generate at least one radiation having one or more wavelengths provided in a range of about 190 nanometers (nm) to about 230 nm, and at least one second arrangement can be provided which is configured to prevent the at least one radiation from having any wavelength that is outside of the range can be provided.

Abstract: The present disclosure discloses a boron neutron capture therapy system comprising: a boron neutron capture therapy device and an ?-amino acid-like boron trifluoride compound having a structure shown as formula (I) below: Wherein: R is selected from hydrogen, methyl, isopropyl, 1-methylpropyl, 2-methylpropyl, hydroxymethyl, 1-hydroxyethyl, benzyl or hydroxybenzyl; M is H or metal atom. The energy generated from the action of the neutron beam generated by the boron neutron capture therapy device on the ?-amino acid-like boron trifluoride compound destroys tumor cell DNA. In another aspect, the present disclosure discloses a use of an ?-amino acid-like boron trifluoride compound in the preparation of a medicament for tumor therapy.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are systems and methods for guiding the delivery of therapeutic radiation using incomplete or partial images acquired during a treatment session. A partial image does not have enough information to determine the location of a target region due to, for example, poor or low contrast and/or low SNR. The radiation fluence calculation methods described herein do not require knowledge or calculation of the target location, and yet may help to provide real-time image guided radiation therapy using arbitrarily low SNR images.

Abstract: In one general aspect, various embodiments are directed to an ultrasonic surgical instrument that comprises a transducer configured to produce vibrations along a longitudinal axis at a predetermined frequency. In various embodiments, an ultrasonic blade extends along the longitudinal axis and is coupled to the transducer. In various embodiments, the ultrasonic blade includes a body having a proximal end and a distal end, wherein the distal end is movable relative to the longitudinal axis by the vibrations produced by the transducer.

Abstract: In one general aspect, various embodiments are directed to an ultrasonic surgical instrument that comprises a transducer configured to produce vibrations along a longitudinal axis at a predetermined frequency. In various embodiments, an ultrasonic blade extends along the longitudinal axis and is coupled to the transducer. In various embodiments, the ultrasonic blade includes a body having a proximal end and a distal end, wherein the distal end is movable relative to the longitudinal axis by the vibrations produced by the transducer.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods for treatment of IVD degeneration and/or LDD in a subject having symptoms of WD degeneration and/or LDD comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of Parathyroid hormone (PTH) or a functional fragment or analog thereof. Reduction in IVD degeneration and regeneration of IVD using the inventive methods is also provided.

Abstract: An area is set as an interference area, in which a transport vehicle is located in a state in which a portion of the transport vehicle overlaps a door trajectory which is a movement trajectory of a fire protection door. A control portion that controls a subject vehicle, which is a transport vehicle to be controlled, prohibits the whole subject vehicle from entering the interference area if it is determined, based on another-vehicle information, which is information of a traveling state of another vehicle that is different from the subject vehicle, and information regarding the interference area, that the interference area is present between the another vehicle located forward of the subject vehicle and the subject vehicle, and that a stoppable area is not secured between a rear end position of the another vehicle and the fire protection door.

Abstract: An integrated, portable, battery-powered, variable-pressure electric liquid pump and power emergency station a chassis; an electrically powered, variable-pressure liquid pump carried by the chassis; one or more rechargeable batteries powering the variable-pressure liquid pump to transfer liquid at variable pressures; one or more AC outlets carried by the chassis and powered by the one or more rechargeable batteries to provide emergency back-up power during power outage; wherein the emergency station includes at least one hardware processor; and one or more software modules that, when executed by the at least one hardware processor, initiates at least one of wireless signaling and wire-based signaling to user-determined outboard equipment to activate user pre-selected functions.

Abstract: A self supporting board for use in fire protection, at least part of the board being formed from material comprising in wt %: inorganic fibres 35 to 70% silica 30 to 65% 5 binder 0 to 10%.

Abstract: A fire engine including a vehicle frame, a liquid nitrogen storage tank, a liquid nitrogen conveying pipeline, a gasification device, a plurality of electric valves, a water pipe adapter, a liquid nitrogen spray gun, and a mixed spray gun. The liquid nitrogen conveying pipeline includes a first pipeline and a second pipeline. The first pipeline connects the lower part of the liquid nitrogen storage tank, the gasification device, and the upper part of the liquid nitrogen storage tank sequentially in that order. The second pipeline connects the liquid nitrogen storage tank, an input end of the liquid nitrogen spray gun, and a first input end of the mixed spray gun. The mixed spray gun includes a first input end, a second input end, a liquid nitrogen nozzle, and a spray pipe. The spray pipe includes a contraction section, an expansion section, and an acceleration section.

Abstract: A firefighting or rescue apparatus includes a cab and a body having a storage unit configured to store a self-contained breathing apparatus, contaminated by harmful chemicals at an emergency scene, in the body rather than in the cab where occupants ride, so the occupants are not exposed to the harmful chemicals, which might be hazardous, toxic, carcinogenic or otherwise deleterious to health. The storage unit can include a storage wall mounted on upper and lower telescoping rail systems, and can be selectively movable relative to a compartment opening from a storage mode, where the storage wall is disposed in a compartment to a retrieval mode, where the storage wall extends beyond the opening so a user can access air tank supports to store a self-contained breathing apparatus. Related methods of storing a contaminated apparatus in the storage unit, distal from the cab and occupants thereof, are also provided.

Abstract: The present invention provides a fire extinguishing system capable of reliably carrying out initial fire fighting using a limited fire extinguisher even if a protected area is wide for example.

Abstract: A magnetron mechanism of an unpowered treadmill contains: a driving body, a one-way transmission element, and a magnetron mechanism. The driving body includes a frame, a connection fence, a front wheel assembly, and a connection shaft. The one-way transmission element is mounted on the connection fence of the frame. The magnetron mechanism is fixed on the connection fence and includes a rotary shaft, a drive wheel, a driven wheel, a belt, a flywheel, a resistance element, and an adjustment unit. The resistance element has a pair of fixing sheets and multiple magnetic parts. Each of the multiple magnetic parts has a rotatable connection portion. The adjustment unit has a steel cable, an end of which is connected with the resistance element so that the steel cable pulls the resistance element to swing along the rotatable connection portion.

Abstract: A climbing machine includes a base; two sets of two inclined parallel rails wherein each rail has one end secured to a joining portion of a handlebar and the base and the other end rested on the ground; two pedals slidably mounted on the rails respectively; two spaced first wheels mounted forwardly of the rails; a magnetic resistance controlling device configured to add difficulty to motion and including a conductive disc, a curved groove member releasably secured to an edge of the conductive disc, magnetic elements disposed on two inner walls of the curved groove member, an axle disposed in the base, and at least one roller rotatably mounted on the axle; and at least one first rope each extending from the first wheel to wind around the roller prior to attaching to the pedal. In response to rotating the roller, the conductive disc rotates.

Abstract: The present invention provides an integrated riding and bike exercise equipment, which has a mechanical system that allows both riding and bike routines to be performed at the same time without mechanical interferences, nor that the user descent is necessary.