Abstract: A sample carrier for assaying can include a plurality of pins having a surface that is capable of picking up at least one substance on the surface. The pins can be arranged such that one or more of the plurality of pins are introduced into a corresponding reaction vessel of a microplate. The sample carrier can be divided into a plurality of modules, with each of the plurality of modules comprising one or more pins of the plurality of pins. Methods of use include placing the sample carrier onto a microplate so that at least the one or more of the plurality of pins extend into the corresponding reaction vessel of the microplate.

Abstract: A system for performing biological reactions is provided. The system includes a chip including a substrate and a plurality of reaction sites. The plurality of reaction sites are each configured to include a liquid sample of at most one nanoliter. Further, the system includes a control system configured to initiate biological reactions within the liquid samples. The system further includes a detection system configured to detect biological reactions on the chip. According to various embodiments, the chip includes at least 20000 reaction sites. In other embodiments, the chip includes at least 30000 reaction sites.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes a systems and methods to rapidly detect a level of a drug present in a fluid sample. The systems and methods can be used to monitor drug levels in the blood of a patient to whom the drug has been prescribed. A system can include one or more organic electrochemical transistors that are functionalized with a coating that may include aptamers or antibodies. The coating can bind or otherwise interact with the drug of interest to change the transconductance of the organic electrochemical transistors. The system can detect a change in the transconductance of the organic electrochemical transistors and signal the presence of the drug.

Abstract: A centrifuge device and method for use are presented. The centrifuge device includes a housing, a chamber, a channel, and a cover. The housing includes a first port and a vent opening and is designed to rotate about an axis passing through a center of the housing. The chamber is defined within the housing and is coupled to the first port. A first portion of the chamber has a width that tapers between a first width at a first position and a second width at a second position within the chamber, the first width being greater than the second width. The channel is coupled to the second position of the chamber and arranged such that a path exists for gas to travel from the channel to the vent opening. The cover provides a wall that seals the chamber.

Abstract: Multistage deterministic lateral displacement devices, methods of forming the devices, and methods of separating a fluid mixture including particles having three or more particle sizes generally include a first module and at least one additional module. Each module includes a condenser portion and a separate portion. The condenser portion is generally configured to focus a streamline of all particles to a center of a channel whereas the separator separates the streamline of all particles into two different streamlines. One of the streamlines focuses the largest particles in the fluid mixture along a sidewall of the channel and the other streamline of smaller particles is between opposing sidewalls that define the channel. Each additional module can be used to further separate the largest particles remaining in the fluid mixture from the smaller particles.

Abstract: A microfabricated droplet dispensing structure is described, which may include a MEMS microfluidic fluidic valve, configured to open and close a microfluidic channel. The opening and closing of the valve may separate a target particle and a bead from a sample stream, and direct these two particle into a single droplet formed at the edge of the substrate. The droplet may then be encased in a sheath flow of an immiscible fluid.

Abstract: A microfluidic-based device and system is disclosed for the high-throughput intracellular delivery of biomolecular cargo to cells (eukaryotic or prokaryotic) or enveloped viruses. Cargo integration occurs due to transient membrane permeabilization by exposure to bulk acoustic waves (BAWs) transduced from surface acoustic waves (SAWs) generated by a rapidly oscillating piezoelectric substrate. In this approach, temporary pores are established across the cellular membrane as cells are partially deformed and squeezed or subject to shearing forces as they travel through the vibrational modes created within the microfludic channel(s) of the device.

Abstract: A novel in vitro system and method for predicting the in vivo behavior, such as absorption time or mechanical strength retention, of biodegradable polymeric implants and medical devices. Data from this in vitro method are correlated to in vivo absorption data, allowing for the prediction of accurate in vivo behaviors, such as absorption times. The system uses a novel bypass loop to maintain the integrity of pH measuring devices to improve the reproducibility of data collected during in vitro testing.

Abstract: The exemplary embodiments herein provide a roller grain mill assembly having a lower frame, a plurality of roller grain mills attached to the lower frame, an upper frame extending upwardly from the lower frame, a single electric drive mechanically coupled to each of the roller grain mills, and a cyclone separator placed in gaseous communication with the roller grain mills and located above the electric drive. In some embodiments, a centrifugal scatterer may be suspended from the upper frame and placed in gaseous communication with the roller grain mill. In other embodiments, a cyclone separator may be placed in gaseous communication with the roller grain mill and centrifugal scatterer. An electric drive coupled to each roller grain mill may be cantilevered off the lower frame.

Abstract: A locking device for a crusher rotor of a horizontal shaft impact crusher includes a locking-wedge having a first through bore, a screw element for driving the locking-wedge into a locking position between a rotor arm and the hammer element and for holding the locking-wedge in the locking position, thereby fixing the hammer element to the rotor disc, a locking nut for receiving the locking screw element, and a locking nut holder. The screw element is at least partly located in the first through bore and extends through the locking nut. The locking nut holder holds the locking nut in a manner that prevents the locking nut from rotating as the screw element is driven through the locking nut.

Abstract: The present invention provides a system and method for more efficient utilization of comminution mills. Sensors are provided in the liners placed within the mill shell. The sensors may include RFID tags, liner wear profile sensors (e.g., such as an ultrasonic sensor), an inertial sensor (preferably included both an inclinometer and an accelerometer, and an acoustic sensor, among others. When the liners are installed in the shell, the RFID tag is used to register the location of the liner within the shell. In operation, the information provided by the sensors is collected by a data transmission unit and sent by transmitter over the air to a computer having an antenna and receiver for such data. The data is correlated and the data is reviewable in real time while the mill is in running.

Abstract: A control method of a treatment plant for elements to be recycled or disposed of, which includes a crushing roll adapted to reduce the size of the elements to be recycled or disposed of, a screen operatively arranged upstream of the crushing roll and adapted to enable passage therethrough only of elements to be recycled or disposed of having a size larger than a predetermined size, and a conveyor belt arranged operationally upstream of the screen to provide the screen with the elements to be recycled or disposed of, includes a measuring step of the volume of material lying on the conveyor belt; a comparing step of the measured volume value to a first predetermined value; and an increasing step of the vibration intensity of the screen if the measured volume value exceeds the first predetermined value.

Abstract: A load out lump breaker system includes a load out chute operably associated with a material storage bin, a screen hopper for screening lumps of material from downloaded materials, a mill for breaking up lumps of material, a mill diversion chute operably associated with the screen hopper, a discharge chute for transport of material from the mill, a plurality of gates and sensors for coordinating the switching of operations between load out and lump break up, and a controller programmed to switch and synchronize operations between load out and lump break up operations.

Abstract: The embodiments herein provide a method for separating fine fractures from coarse fractures, comprising the steps of generating an area of low air pressure beneath a sieve positioned within a centrifugal scattering device followed by ingesting a mixture of air, coarse fractures, and fine fractures into the centrifugal scattering device. The method would preferably continue by causing a guide to rotate around an interior cavity of the centrifugal scattering device while forcing fine fractures through the sieve using the low air pressure and gravity, into a fine fracture collector. Preferably coarse fractures are permitted to travel along the sieve, guided by the guides, to a coarse fracture collector which is separate from the fine fracture collector.

Abstract: A magnet is disposed close to and outside a container held by a container holding part, and relatively moves along the container, so as to move the magnetic particles in the container by a magnetic force. A housing accommodates the magnet and the container holding part in the housing in a state where a position of the magnet relatively moving along the container is not visually recognizable from the outside. A display unit is provided on the housing so as to be visually recognizable from the outside and has light emitting regions that can emit light. A processing step execution unit sequentially executes a plurality of processing steps by relatively moving the magnet. When the plurality of processing steps are sequentially executed, a light emission control unit causes the light emitting regions to emit light according to a position of the magnet.

Abstract: An electrostatic air cleaning device comprises a particle charging section, a panicle precipitation section, a current sensor for measuring an electric current flowing through electrode plates of the precipitation section and a relative humidity sensor. The voltage applied to the electrode plates and the air flow through the device are am trolled in dependence on the measured current flowing through the electrode plates. In this way, control is provided to prevent excessive electric leakage currents inside the precipitation section, that may lead to a hazard, and to optimize the energy efficiency of the cleaning device in relation to its cleaning performance. The relative humidity information also enables diagnosis of the cause of the high leakage current and the status of the precipitation section concerning the amount of precipitated particles therein.

Abstract: Measurement of in-situ petroleum reservoir wettability at the current salinity and at different salinities and water compositions. That data may be used to derive the crude oil acid and base equilibrium constants for the oil-surface adhesion reaction that control wettability. These constants may be used in quantitative models of the reservoir wettability. This procedure produces an accurate description of reservoir wettability and identifies the specific water chemistry that will optimize in-situ wettability and, in turn, oil production.

Abstract: Selective polysaccharide agents or flocculants comprise one or more types of polysaccharides comprising one or more types of pentosan units. Also disclosed are processes for enriching a desired mineral from an ore comprising the desired mineral and gangue and/or other minerals, wherein the process comprises treating the ore in an aqueous medium with one or more selective polysaccharide agents or flocculants comprising one or more types of polysaccharides comprising one or more types of pentosan units.

Abstract: A centrifugal field-flow fractionation device capable of improving analysis performance and shortening analysis time is provided. A first channel 111 communicating with a channel member is formed on a rotational shaft 11 that rotates together with a rotor. A second channel 644 communicating with the first channel 111 is formed on a fixing portion 60 fixed in a state of facing the rotational shaft 11 along a rotational axis L. A mechanical seal 66 having a pair of seal rings 661 and 662 that come into contact with each other and a biasing member 663 is provided to attach one seal ring 661 to the rotational shaft 11 and the other seal ring 662 to the fixing portion 60. The biasing member 663 biases the pair of seal rings 661 and 662 in a direction in which the pair of seal rings come in contact with each other. Since the rotational shaft 11 can be rotated at a high speed and the liquid sample can be fed at a high pressure, the analysis performance can be improved and the analysis time can be shortened.

Abstract: An improved process and apparatus for separating organics and inorganics from waste material with a specific object of preparing the separated organic fraction for the production of biogas or other methods for diverting organics from landfills. Waste material, such as municipal solid waste or source-separated organic waste (SSO), is subjected to a first separation treatment that separates organic and inorganic waste components. The apparatus includes a hopper to receive contaminated organic waste from different sources, a vertical separator that separates the inorganics from the organics by creating a vortex effect in a stationary filtration drum by which the solid contaminants (paper, plastic, metals) are blown in a spiral pattern upwards and removed from the top, while the organic fraction is removed from the bottom. Such apparatus is improved through novel methods to reduce or eliminate blockages and their associated downtime, and to increase the efficiency of the separation process.

Abstract: A rotating ejection type oozing hose comprises a rotation generator formed at an ejection opening at an interval along a longitudinal direction of a hose, applying a rotational force to a flow of water from an inner space of the hose to an outer space. The rotation generator comprises a barrel-shaped rotating space extended from the ejection opening and formed inside the hose. The rotating space is defined by a side portion formed to be extended from an inner wall of the hose and having a rotational force applying passage horizontally connecting the inner space of the hose to the rotating space and a bottom portion for closing a lower end of the side portion. The rotational force applying passage faces a point deviating from a center portion of the rotating space, applying a rotational force to water flowing into the rotating space through the rotational force applying passage.

Abstract: A film forming method, including providing a substrate in a lower section of a chamber, providing a mask on the substrate via an insulating body, spraying charged fine particles of a film forming material into a space inside the chamber, applying a potential of an opposite polarity to that of the charged fine particles to the substrate and applying a potential of the same polarity as that of the charged fine particles to the mask so as to deposit the fine particles on the substrate and form a film.

Abstract: An electrostatic coating device that can suppress the arising of corrosion in insulating members and the like surrounding coating material supply and discharge paths because of leakage arising between the paths. An electrostatic coating device is characterized by being provided with: a body part; a head part; a linking part that links the body part and the head part; a coating material path that is a first path disposed from the body part to the head part, wherein a high-voltage is applied along with the coating material (first fluid) being fed; a washing fluid path that is a second path disposed from the body part to the head part, wherein a washing fluid (second fluid) is fed along with a connection to a ground; and a displacement part for displacing all or part of air retained between the coating material path and a washing fluid path with new air.

Abstract: An atomizing spray nozzle device includes an atomizing zone housing that receives different phases of materials used to form a coating. The atomizing zone housing mixes the different phases of the materials into a two-phase mixture of ceramic-liquid droplets in a carrier gas. The device also includes a plenum housing fluidly coupled with the atomizing housing and extending from the atomizing housing to a delivery end. The plenum housing includes an interior plenum that receives the two-phase mixture of ceramic-liquid droplets in the carrier gas from the atomizing zone housing. The device also includes one or more delivery nozzles fluidly coupled with the plenum chamber. The delivery nozzles provide outlets from which the two-phase mixture of ceramic-liquid droplets in the carrier gas is delivered onto one or more surfaces of a target object as the coating on the target object.

Abstract: Cold spray devices and systems are disclosed. They include a flowpath having an inlet adapted for receiving communication with two or more inputs and an outlet adapted to discharge the two or more inputs. A discharge nozzle may be included in the flowpath of the outlet and a confluence may be included in the flowpath at the inlet for combining the two or more inputs. A nozzle body houses the discharge nozzle separate and downstream from the confluence of the two inputs.

Abstract: A paint spray gun includes a gun body formed as a unitary one piece structure composed of a tubular body portion, a valve connection portion, an air passageway portion and a feed connection portion. A spray cap is disposed on the tubular body portion and has a cap opening. The tubular body portion has an air chamber that is covered by the spray cap and that communicates with said cap opening, and a feed passage connected to the chamber. The valve connection portion, the air passageway portion and the feed connection portion are formed as one piece with the tubular body portion without welded joints.

Abstract: A hand held shower head configured to deliver a continuous dose of water dispersed treatment from a water disintegratable treatment source, the shower head including: a hollow body having water inlet opening and water outlet, the water outlet defined by a perforated plate, and a mesh formation disposed within the hollow body between the water inlet opening and the perforated plate, wherein the water inlet opening, hollow body and perforated plate are configured to create in use a pressurised turbulent water flow within the hollow body prior to exiting through the perforated plate, whereby a water disintegratable tablet treatment source introduced into the hollow body prior to use, is then agitated by the turbulent water flow against the mesh in an abrading manner and thereby dispersed into the water flow exiting the perforated plate. A water disintegratable tablet comprising emulsifier, thickening agent, surfactants, oil and rheology modifier is also disclosed.

Abstract: Provided is a pump-type airtight liquid container, and more particularly, to a pump-type airtight liquid container having an improved, simplified structure that provides higher airtightness and effectively allows total discharge of liquid content therefrom.

Abstract: A device (100) such as a mobile robot for printing an image on a floor surface (1) is described. According to an exemplary embodiment, the mobile robot comprises a control system (117) and a printing system. The printing system has at least one colorant tank (110, 111, 112) with colorant and at least one spraying arm (201, 202, 203) having multiple nozzle assemblies (211) situated next to one another. The nozzle assemblies (211) each have a valve (212) that can be controlled by the control system and a colorant nozzle (210, 220, 230) by means of which colorant can be applied to the floor surface (1).

Abstract: The invention solves the problem of protecting air-craft components during finishing. Such components are large and require masking films of vast dimensions which are difficult to handle and position rapidly. The invention relates to films packaged to facilitate transport, and to a method of positioning the packaged films on the corresponding components. The longitudinal and/or transverse portions of the films are packaged by means of at least one operation chosen from among: accordion folding, telescopic folding, gate folding, roll folding, winding around a mandrel, and winding on itself. The packaged films can have positioning markers on at least one surface and/or tear lines suitable for detaching the portions of film to be separated. The invention also concerns a kit comprising a film and a guide element for guiding the positioning of the film on the component.

Abstract: A device for detecting and replenishing a salt solution in a salt spray machine and the salt spray machine includes a salt solution collector installed at the bottom of the salt spray machine and configured to collect the salt solution, a return pipe is connected to the salt solution collector and the salt solution storage tank, and a pH value sensor, a water level sensor and the salt concentration sensor are connected to the salt solution storage tank.

Abstract: A device for nebulising a rinsing liquid having a housing and a propellant gas connection, which can be connected to a propellant gas reservoir, and includes a rinsing liquid connection, which can be connected to a rinsing liquid reservoir. There is a mixing chamber and a propellant gas flow path, which connects the propellant gas connection to the mixing chamber, and a propellant gas conveying device, by means of which propellant gas can be fed to the mixing chamber under overpressure. There is also a rinsing liquid flow path, which connects the rinsing liquid connection to the mixing chamber. Nebulised rinsing liquid can be discharged as rinsing fluid from a rinsing fluid discharge connection, which is connected to the mixing chamber. An active rinsing liquid conveying device is provided, by means of which rinsing liquid can be conveyed to the mixing chamber under overpressure.

Abstract: A device for spraying substrates comprises a longitudinal extending fluid dispensing head coupled to a supply of fluid and including a perpendicularly extending flange, a spacer having first and second ends, the first end of the spacer coupled to the extending flange of the dispensing head, a nozzle adapted to eject fluid coupled to the second end of the spacer, and a locking nut enclosing the spacer and securely the dispensing head, spacer and nozzle.

Abstract: Substrates having a textured surface that can maintain or improve droplet mobility in both the Cassie and Wenzel states include a textured surface and a conformal lubricant layer thereover. The textured surface can include a plurality of raised first elements and a plurality of second elements thereon and the conformal lubricant layer over the plurality of raised first elements and covering the plurality of second elements. The plurality of raised first elements can have an average height of between 0.5 ?m and 500 ?m, and the plurality of second elements can have an average height of between 0.01 ?m and 10 ?m. Such substrates can be prepared by texturing a surface of a substrate with a plurality of raised first elements and a plurality of second elements thereon; optionally silanizing the textured surface and applying a lubricant layer over the plurality of raised first elements and between the plurality of second elements.

Abstract: In some examples, a capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer (CMUT) includes a first electrode and a second electrode, with the second electrode being opposed to the first electrode. A bias voltage may supply a bias voltage to the second electrode. In addition, a first capacitor may include a first electrode electrically connected to the first electrode of the CMUT, and the first capacitor may have a second electrode electrically connected to a transmit/receive circuit. Furthermore, a first resistor may have a first electrode electrically connected to the first electrode of the first capacitor and the first electrode of the CMUT. The first resistor may include a second electrode electrically connected to a common return path.

Abstract: An air wash abrasive particle separator apparatus which separates contaminants from previously-used abrasive particles contained in a contaminated abrasive particle mixture such that the abrasive particles may be re-used multiple times, the apparatus being in combination a contaminated abrasive particle mixture delivery device, an accumulator hopper assembly, a volume sensing device, an automatic flow control valve, a separator assembly and an air transfer device.

Abstract: A compact dedusting apparatus induces air flow through the housing by a vacuum generator mounted within the housing. The discharge of dust and debris can be passed through a conduit to a remote location without losing air flow velocity to facilitate the use of the compact dedusting apparatus within a clean room. The metering apparatus is formed as a fixed shape device that closes against the floor of the infeed hopper to prevent the flow of particulate material into the dedusting apparatus. The fixed shape device is connected to a pneumatic cylinder mounted externally of the infeed hopper to provide selective vertical movement to the metering apparatus. Vertical movement of the metering apparatus is limited by slots formed in a mounting plate. The fixed shape member passes through the mounting plate for engagement with the pneumatic cylinder.

Abstract: A system and method for cleaning a media transport device includes a cleaning card having a first end portion and a second end portion. The system may also include a handled cleaning card holder. The handled cleaning card holder is configured to secure the cleaning card at a first end portion and allow access to the second end portion of the cleaning card for use in cleaning.

Abstract: The water outlet of a subsystem that includes an ultraviolet oxidation device and the water inlet of each substrate treatment device are connected to each other via a main pipe. A hydrogen peroxide removal device is installed between the ultraviolet oxidation device of the subsystem and a non-regenerative ion-exchange device. In addition, a carbon dioxide supply device is installed at the middle of a pipe that branches from the water outlet of the subsystem to reach the substrate treatment device. According to an aspect, the hydrogen peroxide removal device is filled with a platinum-group metal catalyst. Thus, ultrapure water passed through the ultraviolet oxidation device is used as a base to produce carbonated water in which the concentration of hydrogen peroxide dissolved therein is limited to 2 ?g/L or less and to which carbon dioxide is added to adjust resistivity to be within the range of 0.03 to 5.0 M?·cm.

Abstract: A case washer for use in a dairy processing machine has an enclosure through which the cases are conveyed, a plurality of nozzles that spray a fluid into the enclosure to thereby remove debris from the cases as the cases are conveyed through the enclosure, and a funnel that receives the fluid and the debris from the enclosure. A sidehill screen assembly receives the fluid and the debris from the funnel. The sidehill screen assembly has a screen along which the fluid and the debris are conveyed such that the fluid percolates through the screen and the debris is collected on the screen and the debris falls off the screen under force of gravity.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an integrated paint bucket cleaning and drying machine, including a frame and a conveying carrier tape, the conveying carrier tape is disposed with a loading port matching with the paint bucket. The upper part of the frame is sequentially provided with a cleaning mechanism and a drying mechanism and on the frame located under the cleaning mechanism and the drying mechanism is disposed a fixing device. The cleaning mechanism includes a cleaning lift cylinder disposed on the frame, a cleaning machine matching with the paint bucket is connected below the cleaning lift cylinder, and the cleaning lift cylinder is matched with the cylinder rotating device disposed on the frame. The drying mechanism includes a drying lift cylinder disposed on the frame, a drying machine matching with the paint bucket is connected below the drying lift cylinder. The drying lift cylinder is matched with cylinder rotating device disposed on the frame.

Abstract: Methods of disposing of pharmaceuticals including liquid pharmaceuticals and dissolved solid pharmaceuticals are disclosed. Pharmaceutical disposal kits are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method of recycling a used absorbent article having human waste includes: a first step of separating pulp fiber from the used absorbent article to obtain regenerated pulp fiber; a second step of conversion to solid fuel from constituent materials of the used absorbent article remaining after separation of the pulp fiber to obtain solid fuel, and a third step of supplying waste water containing organic material generated from the first step to a microbial fuel cell to obtain electric power while purifying the waste water. The processing rate for the used absorbent article containing human waste is 90 mass % or greater.

Abstract: The present invention generally pertains to treatment cells, systems and methods for rehabilitating and valorizing a soil. More specifically, the present invention relates to methods for removing volatile compounds from the contaminated soils. The methods and system generally make use of an openable and reclosable rigid enclosure capable of receiving and treating many tons of soils. According to the invention, heated air is circulated through the soil to allow volatilization of the contaminants which can then be captured and separated form the circulating air before the air is re-heated and re-circulated through the soil.

Abstract: A rolling mill stand for rolling rod-shaped bodies, in particular tubular bodies, said stand comprising at least three rolls (10) mutually arranged to define a rolling pass line for said rod-shaped and/or tubular bodies, wherein at least one of said three rolls (10) is rigidly mounted on a roll holder shaft (20), freely fixed in turn in a rotational manner to said stand by means of a first hollow support (40) and a second hollow support (30) arranged on opposite sides of said at least one roll (10), respectively, wherein a first portion (21) and a second portion (22) of said roll holder shaft (20) are housed in said first hollow support (40) and in said second hollow support (30), respectively, where the constraint between at least said first hollow support and said first portion (21) of the roll holder shaft is of elastic type.

Abstract: Provided herein are systems and methods for containing a viscous material, such as coolant, applied to cool a roll or a roll processed engineering material such as a metal strip. In particular, a viscous material containment system can include a housing, a viscous material delivery system, a plurality of movable seals and a plurality of gas delivery devices. A method for cooling a roll can include applying a vicious material, such as coolant, to the roll and containing the viscous material on the roll using the viscous material containment system. In some cases, the viscous material containment system can be used to facilitate removal of the viscous material from the roll.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for cold rolling bright aluminium rolled products and comprises: (a) Providing a first aluminium alloy rolled product (b) Rolling said first product with a rolling mill (1) having at least one work roll ground to a finish (11), with a roughness Ra less than 1 ?m, and using a rolling lubricant (51) from a first container (2) comprising less than 150 mg/L of aluminium debris to obtain a second aluminium rolled product having at least one bright surface, (c) Transferring at least a portion of said rolling lubricant to a second container (3) (d) Filtering the lubricant from said second container (52) by using cross flow filtration (4) through a membrane (41), to obtain a cleaned rolling lubricant (54) comprising less than 10 mg/L and preferably less than 5 mg/L of aluminium debris preferentially having a mean diameter of less than 2 ?m, (e) Returning said cleaned rolling lubricant (54) to the first container.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for identifying an inter-roll cross angle in a rolling mill of four-high or more including at least a pair of work rolls and a pair of backup rolls by, when rolling is not performed, applying a roll bending force to apply a load between rolls of an upper roll assembly including the work roll on the upper side and between rolls of a lower roll assembly including the work roll on the lower side, in a state where a roll gap between the work rolls is put into an open state, detecting vertical roll loads that act in the vertical direction on the rolling support positions on the working side and the driving side of at least one of the backup roll on the upper side or the backup roll on the lower side, and calculating a load difference between the vertical roll loads on the working side and the driving side.

Abstract: Systems and methods of quenching a metal substrate include cooling a top surface and a bottom surface of the metal substrate until a strip temperature is cooled to an intermediate temperature. Cooling of the top surface of the metal substrate is discontinued when the strip temperature reaches the intermediate temperature, and cooling of the bottom surface of the metal substrate continues until the metal substrate reaches a target temperature, where the target temperature is less than the intermediate temperature.

Abstract: A hybrid rolling mill includes at least one work stand and a lubrication system. The at least one work stand includes an upper work roll and a lower work roll. The lubrication system includes a first lubricant applicator and a second lubricant applicator. The first lubricant applicator is configured to supply a first lubricant at an entry side of the work stand in a first rolling mode. The second lubricant applicator is configured to supply a second lubricant at the entry side of the work stand in a second rolling mode.