Abstract: Multiple staged filters are provided herein. A filter may include a plurality of panels that each include a filtering front surface and a flat back surface, the filtering front surface having a first row of vertically extending protrusions spaced apart from one another to form vertical channels, a second row of vertically extending protrusions spaced apart from one another to form vertical channels, and one or more rows of filtering protrusions, where the one or more rows are vertically spaced apart from one another and extending between the first and second rows of vertically extending protrusions. Further, each row of filtering protrusions may include filtering protrusions that are spaced from one another to form filter channels having a size that is configured to receive and retain objects of a given size.

Abstract: A pressure swing adsorption gas production device that enables performing a desorption process in adsorption towers is provided. The device includes an off gas discharge route connected to the adsorption towers, a membrane separation unit with a separation membrane allowing miscellaneous gas in the off gas discharge route to pass faster than purification target gas, an off gas tank, and a pressure boosting unit that raises the pressure of and supplies the off gas to the membrane separation unit. The off gas tank and the pressure boosting unit are upstream of the membrane separation unit. The device includes a recycle gas return route via which some recycle gas is returned to the source gas supply route.

Abstract: Solvent absorption processes for separating components of an impure feed gas are disclosed. The processes involve two stages of gas purification. The acid gases including hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide and other sulfur compounds are simultaneously removed from the feed gas by contact with a physical solvent in two stages. The subject matter disclosed provides improved processes to reduce the operating costs of the system.

Abstract: The invention concerns novel polyamines having formula (I) obtained from the reaction between a polyol diglycidylether and piperazine: in which n is a whole number between 0 and 30, R1 has different forms, R2 has formula (g5), and R2 has formula (g6) when n=0 R6: H, C1-C6 alkyl or hydroxyalkyl radical, R7: C1-C6 alkyl or hydroxyalkyl radical, R6 and R7 may be connected together to form a heterocycle having 5, 6, 7 or 8 atoms when R6 is other than H, R8: H, C1-C4 alkyl or hydroxyalkyl radical. The invention also concerns their preparation method and their use in an absorbing solution based on amines in order to selectively eliminate H2S from a gaseous effluent containing H2S and CO2.

Abstract: Hydrogen generation assemblies and methods of generating hydrogen are disclosed. In some embodiments, the method may include receiving a feed stream in a fuel processing assembly of the hydrogen generation assembly; and generating a product hydrogen stream in the fuel processing assembly from the received feed stream. Generating a product hydrogen stream may, in some embodiments, include generating an output stream in a hydrogen generating region from the received feed stream, and generating the product hydrogen stream in a purification region from the output stream. The method may additionally include receiving the generated product hydrogen stream in a buffer tank of the hydrogen generation assembly; and detecting pressure in the buffer tank via a tank sensor assembly. The method may further include stopping generation of the product hydrogen stream in the fuel processing assembly when the detected pressure in the buffer tank is above a predetermined maximum pressure.

Abstract: An exhaust gas purification catalyst, characterized by having a catalyst layer containing palladium, rhodium, and alumina, which supports a sulfate of an alkaline-earth metal selected from barium sulfate and strontium sulfate, and the correlation coefficients ?Pd,AE and ?Rh,AE calculated from the characteristic X-ray intensity measured using an electron beam micro-analyzer for the palladium, rhodium, and alkaline-earth metal being +0.75 to +1.00 and 0.00 to +0.25, respectively, using 350 points as measurement points obtained by equally dividing the catalyst layer into 351 parts in the thickness direction on a virtual straight line that runs through the catalyst layer in the thickness direction.

Abstract: A reverse osmosis system and method of operating the same includes a membrane housing comprising a reverse osmosis membrane therein. The membrane housing has a feed fluid input, a brine outlet and a permeate outlet; The system further includes a charge pump, a plurality of valves and a tank having a volume comprising a movable partition dividing the volume into a first volume and a second volume. The plurality of valves selectively couples the charge pump to the first volume or the second volume and the brine outlet to the second volume or the first volume respectively.

Abstract: A method of fabricating an inorganic fibrous membrane, the method comprising the steps of: grafting sulfonated graphene oxide onto a scaffold of inorganic nanofibers to form a suspension of heterojunctions of the sulfonated graphene oxide and the scaffold; filtering the suspension through a support to obtain heterojunctions on the support; drying the heterojunctions on the support; and removing the support to obtain the inorganic fibrous membrane.

Abstract: A polymer fiber formed of statistical copolymers, each of which contains zwitterionic repeat units and hydrophobic repeat units, the zwitterionic repeat units constituting 20-75 wt % of the statistical copolymer and the hydrophobic repeat units being characterized in that a homopolymer formed thereof has a glass transition temperature above room temperature. Also disclosed is a fibrous membrane containing such polymer fibers in which greater than 90% of the polymer fibers are each independently rib bon-shaped fibers or wrinkly fibers. A method of preparing such a fibrous membrane is disclosed as well.

Abstract: A reinforced oil-absorptive membrane material, includes: a tubular support (101) and an oil absorbing layer (102) provided on a surface of the tubular support (101), wherein a plurality of holes are provided on the tubular support (101); and the oil absorbing layer (102) is a piece of nonwoven fabric with a polymer layer provided thereon. The reinforced oil-absorptive membrane material has an excellent oil-absorbing and supportive performance, and is capable of being utilized continuously in a negative pressure suction manner and thus shows high oil absorption efficiency. A method for manufacturing the reinforced oil-absorptive membrane material including pre-treating the nonwoven fabrics by aqueous alkali, covering a membrane casting solution including a solvent, a graphene, polyvinylidene fluoride, pore-forming agent and inorganic particle, and then solidifying and extracting to obtain the oil-absorbing layer.

Abstract: A multilayer composite membrane consists essentially of a porous support layer, an inorganic porous layer, a polymer porous layer, and a separation layer. The inorganic porous layer consists of inorganic particles and is disposed on the porous support layer. The polymer porous layer is disposed on the inorganic porous layer. The separation layer is disposed on the polymer porous layer.

Abstract: A method of preparing a hybrid membrane, the method including: evenly mixing a granular material and a dispersant, to yield a dispersion solution; evenly mixing a polymer and an organic solvent, to yield a matrix solution; adding the matrix solution to the dispersion solution to yield a mixed solution; heating the mixed solution to remove the dispersant, to yield a casting solution; and coating the casting solution on a substrate, followed by removal of the organic solvent, to yield a hybrid membrane.

Abstract: A gas solution production apparatus includes a gas dissolving unit that dissolves gas of a second raw material into a liquid of a first raw material to generate a mixture liquid, and a gas-liquid separation unit that subjects the liquid mixture generated by the gas dissolving unit to gas-liquid separation into a gas solution that is supplied to a use point and an exhaust gas that is discharged from an exhaust port. The gas-liquid separation unit includes a capacity variable section that changes a capacity of an internal space of the gas-liquid separation unit.

Abstract: A chilling reservoir for providing in-line carbonation in a beverage dispenser includes a housing having a first beverage material pathway extending therethrough. The first beverage material pathway may have a flow inlet arrangement and a flow outlet arrangement. The chilling reservoir also includes a heat exchanger arrangement that is positioned and configured to be selectively operated to chill beverage material passing through the first beverage material pathway. The chilling reservoir also includes a carbonation chamber operably positioned in the first beverage material pathway of the housing. The carbonation chamber may be configured to removably receive therein a carbonator.

Abstract: A universal wall and bridge mounted aeration apparatus has a track extending between two distinct elevations that is coupled to a wall and bridge mount. An aeration unit is pivotally coupled to the track and has an aerator adapted to operatively at least partially submerge within and aerate a liquid. A selective mover or drive is adapted to operatively move the aeration unit along the track and thereby vary an elevation of the aeration unit. The universal wall and bridge mount supports the track and aeration unit. The universal wall and bridge mount has a first configuration for mounting to a structure such as a stationary bridge, and a second configuration for mounting to a wall. The universal wall and bridge mounted aeration apparatus may be adjusted to position the propeller after installation under the surface of the liquid through three axes of motion freedom.

Abstract: This disclosure includes mixers and methods of mixing. Some mixers comprise at least one contacting element, each defining at least one mixing channel. Each of the mixing channel(s) can have a cross-sectional area that decreases in a downstream direction to accelerate any pipe fluid flowing through the mixing channel. The contacting surface of each of the mixing channel(s) can deflect at least a portion of any pipe fluid flowing through the mixing channel until the contacting surface ends at an edge at a point of maximum constriction. Each of the contacting element(s) can define one or more injection path(s) to at least one of the contacting surface(s), each configured to inject admixture fluid onto the contacting surface such that the admixture fluid is entrained by pipe fluid over the edge.

Abstract: A gas mixing apparatus includes: a discharge port of gas provided near conduit space through which the high-viscosity material can flow; a piston pump including a cylinder that can communicate with the conduit space through the discharge port, a piston arranged inside the cylinder, and a drive device for moving the piston between a top dead center and a bottom dead center inside the cylinder; a discharge valve that opens and closes the discharge port; and a suction valve that opens and closes a suction port of the gas into a cylinder space, in which the cylinder forms the cylinder space having a predetermined volume when the piston is located at the top dead center, and in which a tip of the piston approaches the discharge port when the piston is moved toward the bottom dead center.

Abstract: A feed mixture distribution device configured to even out a feed of feed mixture in an annular feed mixture feed channel of a burner. The feed mixture distribution device includes a cylindrical member having a cylindrical wall, a first end, a second end, and a longitudinal central axis X. The cylindrical member is at the first end provided with rectangular flat plate means, which extend radially from the cylindrical wall of the cylindrical member and which are arranged symmetrically about the longitudinal central axis X of the cylindrical member. The cylindrical wall of the cylindrical member is between the rectangular flat plate and the second end provided with helical plate means arranged symmetrically about the longitudinal central axis X of the cylindrical member.

Abstract: An installation and a method for treating a plastic melt includes a reactor that has a reactor housing consisting of first and second reactor housing parts, a mixing element being arranged in the second reactor housing part and mounted thereupon so as to rotate about a rotational axis. The reactor, together with a discharge device and with at least one weighing device connected between these, is supported on a contact area.

Abstract: A chemical component mixing apparatus for use with a fluid source in creation of a concentrated solution mixture is described. The mixing apparatus includes at least one mixing station. The mixing station includes an injector assembly, where the injector assembly includes at least one venturi chamber having at least one suction port in fluid communication with the at least one venturi chamber. The apparatus also includes at least one super concentrate chemical component housed within a chemical container, where the chemical container is fluidly connected by a first tube to the at least one venturi chamber via the at least one suction port, a receiving container fluidly connected to the injector assembly via a second tube, and a fluid source inlet introducing a fluid into the at least one mixing station, where the pressure within the at least one mixing station is less than 150 psi.

Abstract: A waterless decarboxylation device used to decarboxylate cannabis is described. For example, the device could include a product container to contain an amount of raw cannabis plant material, a heating container configured to surround and contact the product container, a heater in contact with the heating container, a foam layer surrounding the product container and heating container, at least one sensor configured to detect the temperature of the heating container, a lid that encloses the product container and fluidly seals it from the environment, and a controller configured to control power to the heater in response to signals sent from the at least one sensor indicating whether the heating container has reached a threshold temperature.

Abstract: A device and method for loading pellets. A funnel includes a means for loading pellets into a reactor tube, and a means for quickly and easily measuring the elevation of pellets in the reactor tube while the reactor tube is being loaded. A vacuum-assist device may be used to pick up and transfer a desired volume of porous pellets while removing dust from the porous pellets.

Abstract: A system for promoting endothermic conversions includes a first and second portion, a first and second supply, a first outlet, and a heat exchanger. The first portion defines a first inner volume containing an oxygen transfer agent. The first supply contains a reducing agent and is fluidly connected to the first inner volume. The first outlet conveys one or more of carbon dioxide, water, and an unsaturated hydrocarbon from the first inner volume. The second portion and the heat exchanger positioned within the second portion define a second inner volume containing reduced oxygen transfer agent. The second supply contains an oxidizing agent fluidly connected to the second inner volume. The heat exchanger also defines a third inner volume segregated from the second inner volume, and the heat exchanger is configured to transfer heat resulting from the oxidation of the reduced oxygen transfer agent to the third inner volume.

Abstract: A cylindrical wall for filtering solid particles in a fluid is disclosed herein, through which a fluid is likely to circulate. This wall includes at least one perforated plate having a finite radius of curvature, and at least one grating element superposed on this perforated plate. The grating element includes a plurality of rigid wires extending in a longitudinal direction and positioned adjacent to one another in order to filter the solid particles, characterized in that the grating element is arranged for the wires to be secured to one another only by means of links between adjacent wires, each link between two adjacent wires occupying only a portion of the length of the wires, and having a thickness less than or equal to the thickness of these wires in proximity to this link.

Abstract: A gas delivery system and method for delivering reactants such as a first gas through a first conduit and a second gas through at least one second conduit, for example, through a plurality of second conduits. The plurality of second conduits may each have a length, wherein at least a portion of the length is entirely disposed within the first conduit. In an implementation, the first conduit may deliver carbon monoxide and the one or more second conduits may deliver carbon monoxide doped with a catalyst such as iron pentacarbonyl. The first and second gases may be introduced into a reaction vessel such as a reactor chamber and used to form carbon nanotubes.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for compact and easily maintainable waste reformation. Some embodiments include a rotary oven reformer adapted and configured to provide synthesis gas from organic waste. Some embodiments include a rotary oven with simplified operation both as to reformation of the waste, usage of the synthesized gas and other products, and easy removal of the finished waste products, preferably in a unit of compact size for use in austere settings. Yet other embodiments include Fischer-Tropsch reactors of synthesized gas. Some of these reactors include heat exchanging assemblies that provide self-cleaning effects, efficient utilization of waste heat, and ease of cleaning.

Abstract: The invention relates to self-assembled architectures formed from polymer-lipid blends, and in particular, to tubular and vesicular self-assembled architectures formed from polymer-lipid blends. The invention further relates to a method for forming the tubular and vesicular self-assembled architectures. The invention provides a composition comprising a lipid and an amphiphilic block copolymer, wherein the amphiphilic block copolymer is capable of undergoing self-assembly to form an architecture of a first geometry, wherein the composition undergoes self-assembly to form a bilayer architecture enclosing a volume of a second geometry, wherein the second geometry is different from that of the first geometry.

Abstract: A capsule containing at least one mammalian cell, includes a liquid core, and at least one external envelope totally encapsulating the liquid core at its periphery, the external envelope including at least one gelled polyelectrolyte and/or a stiffened biopolymer and being able to retain the liquid core when the capsule is immersed in a gas. The present invention further relates to the method for preparing such a capsule, to a method for screening cosmetic active ingredients as well as a culture method using such capsules.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods of generating templates for a nucleic acid sequencing reaction which comprise: providing at least one double-stranded nucleic acid molecule, wherein both strands of the double-stranded nucleic acid molecule are attached to a solid support at the 5? end, cleaving one or both strands of the double-stranded nucleic acid molecule, and subjecting the cleaved strand(s) to denaturing conditions to remove the portion of the cleaved strand(s) not attached to the solid support, thereby generating a partially or substantially single-stranded template for a nucleic acid sequencing reaction.

Abstract: Disclosed is a Hot Isostatic Pressed ferritic-austenitic steel alloy, as well objects thereof. The elementary composition of the alloy comprises, in percentages by weight: C ?0-0.05; Si 0-0.8; Mn 0-4.0; Cr more than 29-35; Ni 3.0-10;? Mo 0-4.0; N 0.30-0.55:? Cu 0-0.8; W 0-3.0; S ?0-0.03; Ce 0-0.2; the balance being Fe and unavoidable impurities. The objects can be particularly useful in making components for a urea production plant that require processing such as machining or drilling. A preferred use is in making, or replacing, liquid distributors as used in a stripper as is typically present in the high-pressure synthesis section of a urea plant.

Abstract: A co-precipitation reactor with a continuous filtering system mounted, wherein the co-precipitation reactor includes a main body accommodating a reactant for reaction therein, an input unit inputting the reactant into the main body, and a filter unit installed in the main body to filter a precursor of the precursor generated by reacting with the reactant in the main body and a reaction solution.

Abstract: The invention relates to Fischer-Tropsch synthesis in a compact version. A compact reactor comprises a housing, rectangular reaction channels inside the housing, which are filled with a cobalt catalyst, synthesis gas injection nozzles in the number determined by the ratio of the number of channels to the number of synthesis gas injection nozzles, an input and output nozzle for heat transfer medium on which a pressure controller installed, and an assembly for withdrawing synthetic hydrocarbons. The cobalt catalyst is activated by passing hydrogen through it. Synthetic hydrocarbons are produced by passing synthesis gas through the reaction channels filled with the activated cobalt catalyst. The space velocity of synthesis gas is increased every 300-500 h, followed by returning to the initial process conditions. This provides a high-molecular-weight hydrocarbon output per unit mass of the reactor.

Abstract: The present invention provides that powder is mainly constituted from secondary particles of hydroxyapatite. The secondary particles are obtained by drying a slurry containing primary particles of hydroxyapatite and aggregates thereof and granulating the primary particles and the aggregates. A bulk density of the powder is 0.65 g/mL or more and a specific surface area of the secondary particles is 70 m2/g or more. The powder of the present invention has high strength and is capable of exhibiting superior adsorption capability when it is used for an adsorbent an adsorption apparatus has.

Abstract: An adsorption material which includes a carbon nanohorn aggregate in which a plurality of single-walled carbon nanohorns aggregate in a fibrous state, particularly coexisting a globular carbon nanohorn aggregate and some of the single-walled carbon nanohorns included in the carbon nanohorn aggregate have an opening portion, is used. The adsorption material including such a fibrous carbon nanohorn aggregate is produced by a method including: preparing an inert gas atmosphere, a nitrogen gas atmosphere or a mixed atmosphere in a vessel in which a catalyst-containing carbon target is placed; and evaporating the target to obtain a carbon nanohorn aggregate including a fibrous carbon nanohorn aggregate in which a plurality of single-walled carbon nanohorns aggregate in a fibrous state.

Abstract: Porous materials (such as organic polyamine cage compounds) and methods of stabilising porous materials which are otherwise prone to pore-collapse are described. Such stabilisation is accomplished through the use of molecular ties to create bridges between reactive groups of a (potentially) porous material to thereby strengthen and stabilise the porous structure. The chemistry involved in, and the results of, the stabilisation of porous materials to provide a new sorption composition comprising the very materials which are generally prone to pore-collapse are also described.

Abstract: A method and system for manufacturing and using a self-supporting structure in processing unit for adsorption or catalytic processes. The self-supporting structure has greater than 50% by weight of the active material in the self-supporting structure to provide an open-celled structure providing access to the active material. The self-supporting structures, which may be disposed in a processing unit, may be used in swing adsorption processes and other processes to enhance the recovery of hydrocarbons.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a catalyst system for oxidation of o-xylene and/or naphthalene to phthalic anhydride (PA) comprising at least four catalyst zones arranged in succession in the reaction tube and filled with catalysts of different chemical composition wherein the active material of the catalysts comprise vanadium and titanium dioxide and the active material of the catalyst in the last catalyst zone towards the reactor outlet has an antimony content (calculated as antimony trioxide) between 0.7 to 3.0 wt. %.

Abstract: A catalyst comprises an active phase constituted by palladium, and a porous support comprising at least one refractory oxide selected from the group constituted by silica, alumina and silica-alumina, in which: the palladium content in the catalyst is in the range 0.0025% to 1% by weight with respect to the total weight of catalyst; at least 80% by weight of the palladium is distributed in a crust at the periphery of the porous support, the thickness of said crust being in the range 25 to 500 ?m; the specific surface area of the porous support is in the range 1 to 50 m2/g; the metallic dispersion D of the palladium is less than 20%.

Abstract: Catalysts for hydrogenation of CO2 to dimethyl ether. These catalysts comprise 0.1-10 wt % per total catalyst weight of a catalytic material containing Pd (e.g. metallic palladium), 0.05-5 wt % per total catalyst weight of a promoter containing Ca (e.g. metallic calcium), as well as 85-99 wt % of CeO2 as a catalyst support. Methods of preparing and characterizing the catalysts as well as processes for catalyzing the hydrogenation of CO2 to dimethyl ether and other byproducts such as methanol, carbon monoxide, and methane portrayed by reactant conversion, product selectivity, and catalyst stability are disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a catalyst material comprising a support, a first metal and a second metal on said support. The first and second metals are in the form of a chemical compound. The first metal is Fe, Co or Ni, and the second metal is selected from the group consisting of Sn, Zn and In. The invention also relates to a process for the preparation of hydrogen cyanide (HCN) from methane (CH4) and ammonia (NH3), wherein the methane and ammonia are contacted with a catalyst according to the invention.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a process for preparing a hydrocracking catalyst, comprising (i) combining a zeolite, a binder, water and a hydrogenating metal compound which is a complex or a salt of a hydrogenating metal to obtain a mixture, wherein the zeolite has not been treated with a phosphorus-containing compound and the zeolite has a silica to alumina molar ratio of 5-200; (ii) forming the mixture into a shaped body; and (iii) calcining the shaped body to form the catalyst.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to processes for formation of a molecular sieve, particularly a metal-promoted molecular sieve, and more particularly an Iron(III) exchanged zeolite. Preferably, the zeolite is of the chabazite form or similar structure. The processes can include combining a zeolite with Iron(III) cations in an aqueous medium. The process can be carried out at a pH of less than about 7, and a buffering material can be used with the aqueous medium. The processes beneficially result in Iron exchange that can approach 100% along with removal of cations (such as sodium, NH4, and H) from the zeolite. An Iron(III)-exchanged zeolite prepared according to the disclosed processes can include about 2,000 ppm or less of cation and about 1% by weight or greater of Iron(III). The disclosure also provides catalysts (e.g., SCR catalysts) and exhaust treatment systems including the Iron(III)-exchanged zeolite.

Abstract: The invention relates to a catalyst composition comprising a) a carrier comprising: (i) of from 5 to 95 wt % of CON type zeolite, (ii) of from 5 to 95 wt % of ZSM-5 type zeolite; and (iii) of from 10 to 60 wt % of inorganic binder; and b) of from 0.001 to 10 wt % one or more metals selected from the group consisting of Group 6-11 of the IUPAC Periodic Table of Elements. The invention further relates to a process for preparing the catalyst composition and to a process for the conversion of an alkylaromatic hydrocarbons containing feedstock using a catalyst prepared by the present process.

Abstract: D The present invention relates to ion pair catalysts (I) comprising the cationic bisguanidinium ligand (A) and diperoxomolybdate anion (B). The present invention also relates to ion pair catalysts (III) comprising the cationic bisguanidinium ligand (C) and peroxotungstate anion (D). It further relates to the use of the said catalysts in the manufacture of enantiomerically enriched sulfoxides.

Abstract: A honeycomb structure includes a pillar-shaped honeycomb structure body having porous partition walls, wherein the partition walls have projecting portions, a shape of each cell is polygonal, in the polygonal cell, the projecting portions are disposed on two sides extending from a corner of the cell, respectively, the projecting portions are non-uniformly arranged, a relation of Formula (1) is satisfied, and a ratio of a total number of the corners is 2.5% or more: Formula (1): 1/(N+1)<A/L.

Abstract: Methods for making photocatalyst compositions and elements exhibiting desired photocatalytic activity levels and transparency.

Abstract: A PAG compressor oil conditioning filter element configured for outside in flow includes a proximal and a distal end cap, wherein the proximal endcap includes a central outlet therein, a cylindrical outer wrap having perforations there through on a portion of the outer wrap adjacent the distal end cap, wherein the flow of PAG compressor oil is configured to flow into the element through the perforations in conventional operation, an annular layer of ion exchange polymers beads radially within the outer wrap configured to remove acid from the treated PAG compressor oil, an annular particulate removing micro-glass media radially within the annular layer of ion exchange polymers beads and configured to remove particulates from the treated PAG compressor oil; and a central flow area radially within the particulate removing micro-glass media and in fluid communication with the central outlet.

Abstract: Polymers of intrinsic microporosity are provided herein. Disclosed polymers of intrinsic microporosity include modified polymers of intrinsic microporosity that include negatively charged sites or crosslinking between monomer units. Systems making use of polymers of intrinsic microporosity and modified polymers of intrinsic microporosity are also described, such as electrochemical cells and ion separation systems. Methods for making and using polymers of intrinsic microporosity and modified polymers of intrinsic microporosity are also disclosed.

Abstract: A pipetting module includes a pipette head and a pipette tip. The pipette head has a first coefficient of thermal expansion. The pipette tip includes a connecting portion. The connecting portion is adapted to be sleeved on the pipette head, and the connecting portion has a second coefficient of thermal expansion. The second coefficient of thermal expansion of the connecting portion is greater than the first coefficient of thermal expansion of the pipette head. In addition, an automatic pipetting apparatus is also provided.

Abstract: Novel disposable pipette tips that enable spectroscopic analysis of analytes held within the tip while attached to a microspectrometer or microspectrometer which is a micropipette with the functional capability to irradiate an attached tip with light of a defined wavelength and measure the impact of the sample within the tip on the irradiated light as the modified light is directed back to sensors on or within the instrument. Spectroscopic sample analysis is integral to a wide range of research sciences including microbiology, molecular biology, medical, chemistry, environmental, food, and forensics.