Abstract: A material sorting system sorts materials utilizing a vision system that implements a machine learning system in order to identify or classify each of the materials, which are then sorted into separate groups based on such an identification or classification. The material sorting system may include an x-ray fluorescence system to perform a classification of the materials in combination with the vision system, whereby the classification efforts of the vision system and x-ray fluorescence system are combined in order to classify and sort the materials.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for sorting particles moving through a closed channel system of capillary size comprises actuators and chambers for selectively generating a pressure pulse to separate a particle having a predetermined characteristic from a stream of particles. The particle sorting system may further include a buffer for absorbing the pressure pulse. The particle sorting system may include a plurality of closely coupled sorting modules which are combined to further increase the sorting rate. The particle sorting system may comprise a multi-stage sorting device for serially sorting streams of particles, in order to decrease the error rate.

Abstract: Computer-implemented systems and methods for optimizing sorting and loading of packages are disclosed. An exemplary system includes a memory storing instructions and may include at least one processor configured to execute the instructions. The system may perform operations including receiving data comprising a plurality of package identifiers associated with a plurality of packages. The operations may include determining a plurality of block areas associated with delivery locations for the plurality of packages. The operations may further include determining a delivery route by determining a first set of routes, determining optimal combinations of the inputs for each set of routes and determining a shortest route associated with the optimal combinations. The operations may include determining an order in which to load each of the packages into a delivery vehicle. The operations may further include generating instructions for causing a device to display a visual representation of the loading order.

Abstract: Scrapers for removing adhered material from surfaces employ continuous and discontinuous material removal edges to remove different types of material. Continuous and sometimes discontinuous material removal edges are constructed and arranged to conform to the curvature of a surface from which material is to be removed, when a user forces the scraper against the surface. Some scrapers include multiple material removal edges designed to simultaneously contact the surface. The use of multiple points of contact combined with locations of handles provide stable designs that reduce hand and wrist strain.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods and systems for a self-cleaning ion generator that includes a self-cleaning ion generator device that includes a bottom portion, a top portion, at least one electrode extending from the top portion, and a cleaning apparatus for cleaning the at least one electrode.

Abstract: A method of delivering insecticide, comprises the steps of providing an insecticide in a container; allowing the insecticide to flow out of the container; and allowing the insecticide to flow into a drain beginning downstream of an opening in said drain.

Abstract: A system includes a UV light source and an optical medium coupled to receive UV light from the UV light source. The optical medium is configured to emit UV light proximate to a surface from which biofouling is to be removed once the biofouling has adhered to the protected surface. A method corresponds to the system.

Abstract: A cleaning apparatus and a cleaning method are provided. The cleaning apparatus is used for removing a residue on a substrate, and includes: a deformable device arranged on the substrate; and an excitation device configured to generate an excitation source for the deformable device, so as to enable the deformable device to be deformed under the effect of the excitation source, thereby to drive the substrate to vibrate and enable the residue to fall off from the substrate.

Abstract: A flexible cleaning lance safety apparatus is described as including a tripod support structure located close to an opening into an object to be cleaned. A flexible lance drive is fastened to the support structure for driving a high pressure fluid through a lance to the object to be cleaned. A snout tube is connected between the lance drive and an opening into the object to be cleaned. One or more micro pressure valves on each leg of the tripod support structure is operative to sense a predetermined force applied between the support structure and a support surface supporting the tripod support structure. When the predetermined force is sensed this causes the high pressure fluid to be diverted from the lance and the object to be cleaned to atmosphere.

Abstract: A reformulated barrier material for use as an alternative cover for landfills made from recycled materials which may comprise construction and/or demolition debris to which is added tire derived rubber particles to inhibit the release of hydrogen sulfide gas through the reformulated barrier material to the surrounding atmosphere from the landfill beneath.

Abstract: A method and a device for treating soil, by injecting a treatment product, wherein a soil auger (51) with a helical drilling blade (512) in which an outlet opening (515) is provided is driven into the soil (7), while a treatment product is injected into the soil (7), the injection pressure (P) and the injection flow rate (Q) are measured, and the injection pressure (P) is adapted as a function of a soil parameter (Ks,rel) derived from the measurement values of the injection pressure (P) and the injection flow rate (Q). The device comprises a drilling rig (5), an injecting device (2a), (2b), (2c), a measurement device (3) and a computer (4).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing H-shaped steel using a slab or the like having a rectangular cross-section as a material, for example. Provided is a method for producing H-shaped steel, the method including: a rough rolling step; an intermediate rolling step; and a finish rolling step. A slab material whose ratio of slab width to slab thickness is equal to or more than 6.0 and equal to or less than 7.7 is used as a material to be rolled. In a rolling mill a plurality of calibers having projections may be provided to shape the material to be rolled. The projections may have a height of 100 mm or more, and the tip of the projections may have an angle of equal to or more than 25° and equal to or less than 40°.

Abstract: A roll arrangement for rolling rolling material in a rolling system. The roll arrangement includes a roll that is rotatably mounted by its roll journal in a bearing bush of a chock. A ring gap for receiving a lubricant is formed between the bearing bush and the roll journal. The ring gap is sealed both on the ball side of the chock and on the side of the chock away from the balls, using sealing rings. In order to increase the load capacity or the rolling force of a roll arrangement while maintaining or reducing the construction size thereof and without the roll arrangement overheating, discharge channels are provided in a through-flow angular range of the bearing bush for discharging the lubricant out of the ring gap into an oil-receiving chamber.

Abstract: A method for producing a semifinished product with locally different material thicknesses may involve preparing a multilayer, metal material composite, which has a plurality of layers with different ductilities, and rolling the material composite in a method for flexible rolling through a rolling gap formed between two rollers. The rolling gap may be configured such that regions with different material thicknesses are formed. In some cases, the multilayer, metal material composite is rolled at room temperature. Further, the plurality of layers of the multilayer, metal material composite may include a first outer layer disposed on a first side of a middle layer and a second outer layer disposed on a second side of the middle layer, with the second side of the middle layer being opposite the first side.

Abstract: A temperature calculation method includes: dividing a cross section perpendicular to a longitudinal direction of a steel plate to be hot-rolled into a plurality of rectangular elements; and calculating a temperature of each of the rectangular elements using a finite difference method. A first region 31 that includes an edge part of the cross section is divided such that a plurality of the rectangular elements are lined up in a plate-thickness direction and such that a plurality of the rectangular elements are lined up in a plate-width direction. A second region 32 that includes a center of the cross section and is wider than the first region 31 is divided such that a plurality of the rectangular elements are lined up in the plate-thickness direction but the second region 32 is not divided in the plate-width direction.

Abstract: An apparatus (1) for increasing the temperature of elongate metallic rolled stock (2), having a heating unit (3) which comprises induction heating elements (4, 5, 6, 7; 104, 105, 106, 107) for heating the rolled stock (2) along a heating zone (8), and having a conveying device (15) which comprises driving and/or roller table roller elements (27, 28) as active or passive conveying elements (18) for moving the rolled stock (2) along the longitudinal extension (9) of the heating zone (8), wherein the induction heating elements (4, 5, 6, 7; 104, 105, 106, 107) are arranged spaced apart from one another in the longitudinal extension (9) of the heating zone (8) in each case by a free space (10, 11, 12), and wherein a sliding deflector element (34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 73) and/or opposing lateral guide elements (60, 61) are arranged in each of the free spaces (10, 11, 12) in order to prevent the conveyed rolled stock (2) from coming into contact with the induction heating elements (4, 5, 6, 7; 104, 105, 106,

Abstract: A dual-stage multi-roll leveler and an associated dual-stage work roll assembly. The dual-stage work roll assembly includes independent sets of first stage work rolls and second stage work rolls, with each set of work rolls including one or more upper work rolls disposed above one or more lower work rolls. An adjustable gap is present between the upper and lower work rolls of each work roll set, with the gap being equal from the entry side to the exit side thereof. A dual-stage leveler employs such a work roll assembly to remove shape defects from a moving strip material in the first stage and to remove coil set and/or curl from the strip material in the second stage, through a combination of work roll gap adjustment and first stage work roll bending. Because there is no feathering out of work roll penetration in either stage, differential roll speed and the problems associated therewith are eliminated.

Abstract: This press-forming apparatus is a press-forming apparatus for manufacturing a press-formed article from a workpiece sheet by moving at least one of a die and a punch so as to be close to each other in a press-forming direction, the press-formed article having a top portion, a first sidewall portion, and a second sidewall portion, the first sidewall portion and the second sidewall portion being connected to ridge portions formed on both edges of the top portion, wherein the die includes: a die slide; a first divisional die; a second divisional die; a second divisional die driving unit; a die pad; a die pad driving unit; an insert block; and an insert block driving unit.

Abstract: A method of making a hose connection for a hose, including at least the following steps of processing of a metal sheet: drawing for the creation of a semi-processed axially hollow cylindrical piece having a base end and a top end; opening of the base end of the semi-processed piece; forming of an external flange of the semi-processed piece; and forming by a mould of a terminal section of the semi-processed piece comprising the base end for the creation of at least one tooth of hooking to the hose, the mould subjecting the terminal section of the semi-processed piece to an axial compression of a magnitude such as to generate on the terminal section of the semi-finished piece a plastic deformation of radial expansion through which the terminal section shapes to the surfaces of the mould.

Abstract: A die cushion device includes a hydraulic cylinder that supports a cushion pad and generates die cushion force when the slide of the press machine descends, a first hydraulic circuit that is connected to a cap side hydraulic chamber of the hydraulic cylinder, and a second hydraulic circuit that is connected to a rod side hydraulic chamber. Before die cushion force control starts, the second hydraulic circuit of the die cushion device causes hydraulic oil in the rod side hydraulic chamber to be prevented from flowing out, and the first hydraulic circuit of the die cushion device causes the cap side hydraulic chamber to be pressurized.

Abstract: A method for quick forming of a metal sheet. In an embodiment, the method includes the following steps: placing a metal sheet blank to be formed on a forming mold; introducing high-pressure gases with equal pressures simultaneously into upper and lower enclosed cavities respectively formed by the metal sheet blank and the sealing mold, and the metal sheet blank and the forming mold; heating the metal sheet blank to a preset forming temperature condition; quickly releasing the high-pressure gas from the cavity formed by the metal sheet blank and the forming mold, such that the metal sheet blank bulges; and discharging the gas from the cavity formed by the metal sheet blank and the sealing mold, and opening the mold to obtain a formed metal sheet part.

Abstract: A blanking tool is provided for cutting blanks from a sheet of material. The sheet of material includes a product area where the blanks are located, and a web area, which is the area between the blanks. The blanking tool includes a shear having first and second opposing sides, an outer diameter, and an inner diameter. A plurality of contact surfaces are disposed on the second side of the shear. The contact surfaces engage only the web of the material. A tooling assembly is also disclosed, which includes first and second tooling coupled to first and second opposing portions, respectively, of a press and being structured to cooperate to engage the sheet of material therebetween. The blanking tool is coupled to the first tooling, and the shear of the blanking tool cooperates with a portion of the second tooling to cut the blanks from the material.

Abstract: In a vehicle body component, a bent portion that is formed in a component main body made of a metal plate is formed of a thickened portion, in which a plate thickness of the metal plate as a material of the component main body is gradually increased. Just as described, since the bent portion, on which stress is likely to be concentrated when a load is applied to the component main body, is formed of the thickened portion, a plate thickness of a portion where the stress is not concentrated can be prevented from being increased more than necessary. This can contribute to improvement of mass efficiency.

Abstract: Presented herein are container forming machines, forming ram assemblies, and methods for making and for using forming ram assemblies. A forming ram assembly is presented for a container forming machine, which includes a turret assembly with a cam rail. The ram assembly includes a mounting rail for attaching to the turret assembly. A cam follower is mounted to the mounting rail and configured to rollably seat against the cam rail. Connected to the cam follower is a forming die which moves as the cam follower traverses the cam rail. A knockout tool is mounted inside the forming die and includes a stepped segment. A drive cylinder moves the knockout tool within the forming die. An O-ring is seated inside a complementary channel of the knockout tool. An annular knockout guide is seated on the stepped segment of the knockout tool, located between and abutting the O-ring and forming die.

Abstract: A method for creating a termination by attaching some kind of fitting to the end of a tensile member such as a cable. The end fitting is provided with one or more internal cavities. Each cavity has a proximal portion that is adjacent to the area where the tensile member exits the fitting and a distal portion on its opposite end. A length of the tensile member's filaments is placed within this expanding cavity and infused with liquid potting compound. The method exploits the characteristic of a liquid potting compound as it transitions to a solid. During the solidification process tension is applied. The resulting linear displacement tends to pull the filaments residing in the potting compound into better alignment and improve load sharing.

Abstract: Device for producing reinforcements, in particular reinforcement baskets for concrete pipes having a bell-shaped socket end, having an expansion device which has a single expansion slide, wherein the expansion slide is configured for modifying, in particular, during the production process of the reinforcement, a radial position of an assigned actuating element for a longitudinal wire of the reinforcement by way of a transmission mechanism of the expansion device. The device is characterized in that the expansion device has a mold slide, wherein an actuator drive is provided for moving the mold slide, and wherein the actuator drive for a linear movement of the mold slide in relation to the expansion slide is supported on the expansion slide.

Abstract: The present invention is a die positioning system for use in positioning mobile or fixed dies. The system includes a pair of key bars, a pair of key disc inserts, a set of key discs, and a set of disc backers. The key bars and key discs serve to offset manufacturing dies or die holders. Using key bars and/or key discs from different pairs of key bars and/or sets of key discs also allows for precise angulation of the dies or die holders. The key discs are held in place between the die and die holder, or between the die holder and key base, by the key disc inserts and angled (if feasible) by the disc backers. The key bars, located between the key disc inserts and the die or die holder allow additional offset of the die or die holder. The solid, stacked configuration of the key bars and key discs prevents the die or die holder from gradually or suddenly losing its positioning.

Abstract: A fastening system includes a fastener having a bolt with a pull portion having at least one pull groove, and an outer sleeve having a head with an inner face, the bolt being inserted within the sleeve. The fastening system includes a fastener installation tool having a puller with at least one tooth and a front face. The inner face of the head of the sleeve is angled at an included angle measured transverse to a longitudinal axis of the fastener, while the front face of the puller of the fastener installation tool is angled at an included angle measured transverse to a longitudinal axis of the puller. The included angles are chosen to match or be substantially the same.

Abstract: A one-piece axle and a method of manufacture. The method may include providing a one-piece axle blank that has a shaft and a flange. The shaft may have a hole that may extend along an axis. The flange may extend radially outward from an end of the shaft. The shaft may be radially forged against a first mandrel to axially elongate the shaft.

Abstract: Methods for forming fixed-cutter earth-boring drill bits include retrieving a forged steel drill bit body from an inventory of substantially identical forged steel drill bit bodies including fixed blades and junk slots between the fixed blades. Cutter pockets are formed in the blades. Nozzle holes are formed in the drill bit body to provide fluid communication from an interior of the forged steel drill bit body to the junk slots. Additional methods include forging first and second steel drill bit bodies substantially identical in shape and configuration, forming first cutter pockets in the first steel drill bit body in a first configuration, and forming second cutter pockets in the second steel drill bit body in a second, different configuration.

Abstract: The invention relates to a core box for manufacturing casting cores from a moulding material rigidified by supply of heat, including at least two core box parts, which together provide the shape of the casting cores to be manufactured and a heating device for heating the core box parts. The heating device has at least one oil line in thermal contact with at least one of the core box parts and connected to an oil supply feeding the oil line with a tempered oil for heating the core box parts. The invention divides at least one of the core box parts into a contour plate, providing the shape of the casting cores to be manufactured, and a heating plate connected to the contour plate, said heating plate extending flat over the contour plate and in which the oil line is provided.

Abstract: Foundry cores, which consist of a mould material mixed from a binder and a mould sand, as well as optionally added additives, that are moulded in a complex way or are optimised with regard to their quality and which are provided for casting cast parts, can be produced by: a) moulding the foundry core by introducing the mould material into a foundry core mould; b) hardening the mould material; c) removing the foundry core from the foundry core mould; d) heating the foundry core to a deformation temperature; e) deforming the heated foundry core by applying a deformation force to the foundry core; and f) cooling the foundry core.

Abstract: A seal cassette for a roll line in a continuous casting machine. The seal cassette configured to seal off a space from an outside environment and includes a first circumferential element and a second circumferential element arranged coaxially and rotatably movable relative each other. At least one third circumferential element is provided and is arranged coaxially relative the first and the second circumferential element and further arranged to be rotatably movable relative the second circumferential element. The first circumferential element is formed as a sleeve extending in an axial direction (A). The second circumferential element provides at least one circumferential seal portion arranged to seal between the second element and the first element. The at least one third circumferential element provides at least one circumferential seal portion to seal between the third element and the second element and further provides a circumferential seal portion that seals against the first element.

Abstract: Provided is a meniscus flow control device that includes: a meniscus flow detection unit for detecting, in a meniscus flow form of molten steel, relative temperature values for positions measured by temperature measurers, and relatively comparing the temperature values measured by the temperature measurers to thereby determine the flow state of the molten steel meniscus to be normal or abnormal; a magnetic field generation unit, installed outside a mold, for generating a magnetic field and controlling the flow of the molten steel by the magnetic field; and a flow control unit for maintaining the operation of the magnetic field generation unit in the current state when the meniscus flow state detected by the meniscus flow detection unit is determined to be normal, and for controlling the magnetic field generation unit to adjust the meniscus flow to be normal when the detected meniscus flow state is determined to be abnormal.

Abstract: Provided is a method for filling a stem-side hollow area of an engine valve with metallic sodium. The method includes injecting melted metallic sodium into a cylinder having a larger diameter than an inner diameter of the hollow area of the engine valve, forming a solidified metallic sodium rod having a substantially uniform structure in the cylinder, inserting the metallic sodium into the hollow area of the engine valve through a nozzle having a small diameter, and sealing the engine valve.

Abstract: A method of removing a core of a cast component includes providing a casting that includes a silica based ceramic core in a temperature controlled closed volume; cycling temperature between a first temperature and a second temperature within the temperature controlled closed volume that repeatedly subjects the silica based ceramic core to a beta-to-alpha cristobalite transition that induces microfractures in the silica based ceramic core; and after the cycling temperature, chemically dissolving the silica based ceramic core from the casting.

Abstract: Provided is a mixed powder for powder metallurgy having a chemical system not using Ni which causes non-uniform metallic microstructure in a sintered body. A mixed powder for powder metallurgy comprises: a partially diffusion alloyed steel powder in which Mo diffusionally adheres to a particle surface of an iron-based powder; a Cu powder; and a graphite powder, wherein the mixed powder for powder metallurgy has a chemical composition containing Mo: 0.2 mass % to 1.5 mass %, Cu: 0.5 mass % to 4.0 mass %, and C: 0.1 mass % to 1.0 mass %, with the balance consisting of Fe and inevitable impurities, and the partially diffusion alloyed steel powder has: a mean particle diameter of 30 ?m to 120 ?m; a specific surface area of less than 0.10 m2/g; and a circularity of particles with a diameter in a range from 50 ?m to 100 ?m of 0.65 or less.

Abstract: A method of fabricating parts out of metallic, intermetallic, ceramic, ceramic matrix composite, or metal matrix composite material with discontinuous reinforcement, includes melting or sintering powder particles by means of a high-energy beam. The powder used is a single powder of particles that present sphericity lying in the range 0.8 to 1.0 and of form factor lying in the range 1 to ?2, each powder particle presenting substantially identical mean composition, and the grain size distribution of the particles of the powder is narrowed around the mean diameter value d50% in such a manner that: (d90%?d50%)/d50%?0.66; and (d50%?d10%)/d50%?0.33; with a “span”: (d90%?d10%)/d50%?1.00.

Abstract: A molding material is provided which, despite containing a ceramic, enables efficient molding for producing high-density molded articles. The present invention provides a molding material to be used in powder laminate molding. This molding material contains a first powder which contains a ceramic, and a second powder which contains a metal. Further the first powder and the second powder are bonded by sintering to configure granulated sintered particles. The granule strength of the granulated sintered particles is greater than 1 MPa and less than 10,000 MPa.

Abstract: A slurry for making a food packaging substance includes ethylene glycol, DI water, and W18O49-based tungsten oxide particles having an average particle size of less than 100 nm. Based on 100 wt. % of the slurry, the W18O49-based tungsten oxide particles contain an amount of 18 wt. % to 28 wt. %. A method of preparing a slurry for making a food packaging substance is disclosed. This method includes a food packaging substance that includes the slurry. A food packaging substance is disclosed. A method for making the food packaging substance and a food packaging structure that includes the food packaging substance are also disclosed. A nano-size particle optical effect endothermic-technical usage performed in the W18O49-based tungsten oxide particles and the new application in the optical technical field thereof are further disclosed.

Abstract: An apparatus for powder-based additive manufacturing of an object is provided. The apparatus includes a powder delivery mechanism, a powder recoating mechanism, an irradiation beam directing mechanism and a temperature control mechanism that at least measures a real-time temperature of at least one growing part of a built object. The apparatus includes a build unit, a positioning mechanism, and a rotating mechanism. The build unit attaches to the positioning mechanism providing the build unit with independent movements in at least two dimensions. The build unit also attaches to the rotating mechanism and rotates around and above a build platform during production. A method of manufacturing the object using the apparatus includes repetitive cycles of depositing powder onto a build platform, irradiating at least one selected portion of the powder to form at least one fused layer, and measuring a real-time temperature of at least one selected portion of the at least one fused layer.

Abstract: A hybrid additive manufacturing process is utilized for creating a shrouded rotor with the shrouded rotor having a hub at a radial center, a shroud at a radial outer side, and vanes extending therebetween. The hybrid additive manufacturing process includes forming the shrouded rotor in stages, with a first stage being formed by depositing material in an axial direction through a first stage of the hub, machining an outer surface of the first stage of the hub to smooth the outer surface, depositing material on the first stage of the hub in a radial direction through a first stage of the vanes and the shroud, and machining all surfaces of the first stage of the vanes and an inner surface of the first stage of the shroud to smooth the surfaces. Subsequent stages of the shrouded rotor are formed similarly to the first stage.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a functionally graded turbine engine component is disclosed and includes the step of depositing layers of powder onto a base and solidifying/fusing each layer with a first directed energy beam to define a component. The method further includes varying a process parameter between deposited layers to define different material properties within the component. The method also proposes surface enhancement approach that can be used after depositing each layer to locally customize the material properties. The method also proposes machining the different internal surfaces to achieve the proper surface finishing required.

Abstract: To provide an apparatus and method for manufacturing a metal nanoparticle dispersion with which a metal nanoparticle dispersion can be manufactured without using expensive reagents or equipment, and to provide a method for manufacturing a metal nanoparticle support, metal nanoparticles, a metal nanoparticle dispersion, and a metal nanoparticle support.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an automatic system for measuring and machining pipe ends having measuring equipment that has an internal laser sensor and an external laser sensor. The system can also have a machining station that has at least one machining tool for machining the inner diameter of the pipe and at least one machining tool for machining the outer diameter of the pipe, which are centralized and operated independently of each other. In some embodiments, the system has an electronic interface central between the measuring equipment and the machining tools, having records of critical values of outer diameter and inner diameter for the pipe end, the electronic interface central receiving measured values of outer and inner diameters from the measuring equipment, comparing them with the critical values, and controlling the operation of the machining tools as a function of the result of the comparison.

Abstract: An integral cutting tool configured for revolving about a central axis is provided. The cutting tool is formed with at least one cutting portion having a rake surface, a relief surface, and a cutting edge formed at the intersection between the rake surface and the relief surface. The cutting tool is further provided with a cooling fluid provision arrangement having at least one passage, and a cooling aperture formed at the relief surface. The cooling aperture is directed towards the cutting edge at an acute angle.

Abstract: A metal cutting tool holder includes a tool holder body having a first fluid passage extending in a first direction between a first inlet and a first outlet, and a second fluid passage extending in a different second direction between a second inlet and a second outlet. The tool holder body has a cavity and the first outlet and the second inlet intersect the cavity. A member is positionable in the cavity such that a curved third fluid passage connecting the first outlet and the second inlet is formed at least partially by the member. The curved third fluid passage extends from a first end adjacent to the first outlet to a second end adjacent to the second inlet. The first direction is tangent to the curved third fluid passage at the first end, and the second direction is tangent to the curved third fluid passage at the second end.

Abstract: A cutting tool holder may include an upper surface; a first side surface; a second side surface adjacent to the first side surface; a pocket opening into the upper surface, the first side surface, and the second side surface; a first portion located lower than the pocket and protruded outward from the first side surface; and a flow path including an inflow port and an outflow port. The first side surface may include a first recess. The flow path may include a first outflow port opening into the first portion as the outflow port and a first flow path extending from the first outflow port into the holder. The first outflow port is located at a region of the first portion corresponding to the first recess.

Abstract: A turning insert for machining both Inconel and Titanium workpieces. The insert includes a chip forming arrangement including only a single v-shaped groove. The groove includes a specific depth and position to improve machining of both Inconel and Titanium work pieces.

Abstract: The hard coating layer of the cutting tool includes a complex nitride or complex carbonitride layer expressed by the composition formula: (Ti1-xAlx)(CyN1-y). xavg and yavg satisfy 0.60?xavg?0.95 and 0?yavg?0.005. xavg is an average content ratio of Al in a total amount of Ti and Al, and yavg is an average content ratio of C in a total amount of C and N. Some crystal grains composing the complex nitride or complex carbonitride layer have a cubic structure. In crystal grains having the cubic structure, the average crystal grain misorientaion is 1 degree or more; or 2 degrees or more, based on analysis of the polished surface perpendicular to a surface of the layer. A peak exists in 1-2 degrees of the average crystal grain misorientation in the frequency distribution of the average crystal grain misorientation and the area ratio.