Abstract: The current subject matter provides a tool and user interface for estimating a velocity at which a plunger of a rod lift pump system will impact a fluid within a well when the rod lift pump system is altered to operate under various conditions of pump fillage. In some embodiments, the estimated impact velocity can be determined using a velocity pattern characterizing a velocity and position of a plunger of a rod lift pump system operating under a condition of complete pump fillage. The estimated impact velocity can provide a user with useful insight into potential operation of the rod lift pump system when operating under various conditions of pump fillage.

Abstract: A pumpjack monitor includes a processor and memory, a communicator for communicating with other monitors and a server, a sensor module having at least one strain gauge, and accelerometers for determining vibration and position of the monitor. Other sensors may be internal, including sensors for polished-rod rotation, and linked to the monitoring device wirelessly. Some embodiments serve as network hubs or bridges for other monitors. The server is configured to generate surface cards. A method for monitoring of pumpjacks uses the monitor to sense changes in pumpjack parameters, and communicate the changes to a server when changes exceed configurable thresholds. Some embodiments include determining location with GPS and/or relaying signals from other monitoring devices, smart power management, gas sensing, and relaying of signals from external wireless-equipped sensors such as valve position sensors, oil level sensors, and pressure sensors.

Abstract: A caliper-arm-retention mechanism for a caliper tool is disclosed. The retention mechanism includes a selectively movable retention sleeve and a pivot arm that cooperate to constrain relative translational motion between the pivot arm and a caliper arm pivotally engaged with the pivot arm while at the same time allowing relative rotational movement of the caliper arm and pivot arm. The retention sleeve may be selectively repositioned using a threaded nut configured to push the sleeve toward the pivot arm or pull the sleeve away from the pivot arm, depending on the direction of rotation of the nut.

Abstract: Downhole apparatus comprises: a tubular body for mounting on an inner tubing string (10); a first flow port (24); a second flow port (12a); and a connector (68) associated with the tubular body (10) and operable to at least one of engage with and disengage from a lower end (22) of a bore-lining tubing string (20). The apparatus has a first configuration in which the first flow port (24) is open and the second flow port (12a) is closed, whereby a settable material (54) may be pumped in a first direction (56) downwards through the tubular body, through the connector, and through the first flow port, and a second configuration in which the first flow port (24) is closed and the second flow port (12a) is open, whereby a fluid may be pumped in the first direction (58) downwards through the tubular body (10), exit the tubular body through the second flow port (12a), and then flow in a second direction upwards and externally of the tubular body.

Abstract: A ranging system and method to determine a relative distance and direction of a target borehole relative to a second borehole using a ranging tool that can make ranging measurements while the ranging tool is not rotating. An array of button electrodes included in the ranging tool can be fired in a sequential fashion so as to simulate rotation of one or more button electrodes, without the ranging tool rotating. The array of button electrodes can also be fired in a sequential fashion so as to simulate rotational and/or longitudinal movement of the ranging tool.

Abstract: A fluid control system includes a fluid control device configured to be connected to at least one of two casing elements in a well, for controlling a fluid flow between a bore of the fluid control device and a zone located outside the casing elements; and a tracer material located within an inner chamber of a body of the fluid control device, the tracer material being uniquely associated with the fluid control device. The fluid control device is configured to release, when activated, the tracer material out of the inner chamber.

Abstract: A system for deploying sensors throughout a vertical section and a horizontal section of an unconventional well comprises a mandrel comprising a set of extendable arms; a conductivity sensor mounted on a first predetermined subset of the set of movable arms; a strain sensor mounted on a second predetermined subset of the set of movable arms; a first downhole tool configured to be placed in the horizontal section of the unconventional well; a second downhole tool placed in a vertical section of the well, the first downhole tool and the second downhole tool adapted to operate simultaneously; a navigation package; a real time communications short hop data communicator; a data communicator; a downhole power source; and a surface system configured to collect and process data obtained in the well. The system can be used to provide data to evaluate conditions in the well and its reservoirs as well as frac height and frac width.

Abstract: This application relates to method and apparatus for determining properties of a wellbore (201). The method involves attaching part of a sensing optical fibre (101) of a fibre optic cable (203) to a well casing (202) and inserting the well casing into the wellbore (201). The sensing fibre optic is connected to an interrogator unit (102) and distributed fibre optic sensing is performed on the sensing optical fibre as the well casing is being inserted into the wellbore to provide a measurement signal from each of a plurality of sensing portions of said sensing optical fibre. The measurement signal is indicative of disturbances affecting the sensing portions. A processor (107) analyses the measurement signals from sensing portions of the sensing optical fibre that has been inserted into the wellbore to determine wellbore properties.

Abstract: A method for determining one or more downhole characteristic(s) in a production well, comprising: measuring a physical property of the production well using at least one sensor; pre-processing the measured values of the physical property using feature scaling or automatic gain control techniques; and determining one or more downhole characteristic(s) using a supervised machine learning method. The supervised machine learning method comprises: cross-validating a predictive analytics algorithm with training data that are previously measured physical properties and applying one or more algorithms to the measured values of the physical property to converge on an estimate for the determined downhole characteristic(s).

Abstract: A formation tester tool includes an extendable probe having an extendable member configured to extend from a retracted position to an extended position such that an end of the extendable probe is in fluid communication with a wall of a borehole during an operation to capture a fluid from a formation. The formation tester tool also includes a sealing pad positioned circumferentially around the extendable probe, wherein a face of the sealing pad is configured to sealingly engage the wall of the borehole while the extendable member is in the extended position. The formation tester tool also includes a shield to cover the sealing pad in a covered position between the sealing pad and the wall of the borehole.

Abstract: A shearer cutting unit with double-speed rollers includes a motor driving unit, a motor driving unit, a gear transmission unit and a roller output unit. The motor driving unit includes a left cutting motor and a right cutting motor which are both arranged in a cutting unit case and connected with the roller output unit in a transmission way through the gear transmission unit. The roller output unit comprises a middle output shaft (3-1), a far-end output shaft, a middle support frame, a middle roller, a far-end support frame and a far-end roller. A cutting roller is separated into two coaxially-rotating parts, and the two rollers can rotate in different speeds.

Abstract: A real-time mobile communication platform comprising a remote unmanned apparatus, an earth station associated with a data receiver, status monitoring sensors, a plurality of biometric sensors, a microprocessor, a warning device, a plurality of broadband wireless communication devices, a plurality of broadband wireless communication devices, and a control room. The present disclosure teaches Real-time mobile broadband data access via satellite to mobile heavy equipment and personnel, focusing on health and safety solutions to open-pit mining operations in remote areas of the world. The system consists of a platform which allows for the integration of health and safety solutions, status monitoring systems, and transmitting broadband information in Real-time from these systems to anywhere in the world.

Abstract: An underground support system having an underground reinforcement system that is at least partially encapsulated with concrete or a cement material. The underground reinforcement system includes a flexible wire mesh having a matrix of longitudinally and transversely extending metal wires. The matrix of longitudinally and transversely extending metal wires has at least one three-dimensional sheet, each sheet having at least one raised corrugation, positioned along the length of an underground space. The raised corrugation acts as a template depth girder for application of concrete or cement material at a defined depth such that the underground reinforcement system is at least partially encapsulated with the concrete or cement material.

Abstract: A tunnel reinforcement system having a plurality of structural supports positioned at spaced intervals along the length of a tunnel. Each structural support has a plurality of structural segments connected in an end to end relationship. Each structural segment has a plurality of bars connected to a first end and a second end, in which the first end comprises a first butt plate having one or more apertures, and the second end comprises a second butt plate having one or more apertures. The one or more apertures of the first butt plate or the second butt plate of a structural segment are coaxially aligned with the one or more apertures of the first butt plate or the second butt plate of another structural segment in an end to end relationship. The first butt plate or the second butt plate of a structural segment is attachable to the first butt plate or the second butt plate of another structural segment in an end to end relationship. Each structural support defines a geometric supporting framework.

Abstract: A compressor includes a rotation shaft, a drive unit, and a compression unit. The compression unit includes a fixed scroll, an orbiting scroll, a main frame that is disposed on the fixed scroll, and an Oldham's ring coupled to the orbiting scroll and the main frame and configured to restrict rotation of the orbiting scroll. The Oldham's ring includes a ring body disposed between the orbiting scroll and the main frame, keys that protrude from the ring body that are each coupled to the orbiting scroll or the main frame, and caps that are inserted into the main frame and that each have (i) a coupling hole that receives a key among the keys and (ii) a machined portion that faces the coupling hole and that is spaced apart from at least a portion of an outer surface of the key.

Abstract: Turbomachinery comprising first and second sets of rotors configured to operate on a working fluid. The machinery further comprises first and second sets of electric machines coupled to the respective first and second rotors, and a coupling arrangement arranged to couple adjacent rotors of the first and second rotor sets to provide for fixed ratio, contra-rotation of the first and second rotor sets.

Abstract: Provided is a method of aligning a gas turbine shaft. The method includes securing a laser sensor to a first shaft of a first rotary component axially connected to a rotor of a gas turbine, and securing a laser generating device to a second shaft of a second rotary component. The second shaft is axially coupled to the first shaft and has a central axis misaligned with respect to a central axis of the first shaft. A jogging assembly coupled to the first rotary component is actuated to rotate the first shaft and the second shaft. Measurements representative of a misalignment of the first shaft and the second shaft are received from the laser sensor, and based on the measurements, a central axis of the first shaft can be aligned with respect to a central axis of the second shaft.

Abstract: A gas turbine engine is provided including a turbine section including a turbine having a plurality of first speed turbine rotor blades; a compressor section including a compressor having a plurality of first speed compressor rotor blades and a plurality of second speed compressor rotor blades; a gearbox; and a first spool rotatable by the plurality of first speed turbine rotor blades, the first spool coupled to the plurality of first speed compressor rotor blades for driving the plurality of first speed compressor rotor blades in a first direction and to the plurality of second speed compressor rotor blades across the gearbox for driving the plurality of second speed compressor rotor blades in a second direction, opposite the first direction.

Abstract: A rotor disc for a turbomachine, the disc extending circumferentially around an axis and including a plurality of cells configured to receive blade roots and each cell including an upstream radial wall configured to axially block the blade root in the cell, each cell being connected to an upstream surface of the disc by a ventilation channel of the cell, the ventilation channel including an inlet orifice which opens onto the upstream surface of the disc and an outlet orifice which opens into the cell. An assembly of such a disc, of a plurality of blades and of a downstream retaining ring and a turbomachine including such an assembly.

Abstract: A holding device is disclosed for a centripetal air sampling member of a rotor assembly that includes and downstream rotor discs and a centripetal air sampling member. The holding device has an annular support element with a housing configured to receive the air sampling member in a radial orientation, a first lateral extension, and a second lateral extension rigidly attached to the downstream rotor disc, extending substantially following the longitudinal axis and radially arranged externally with respect to the first extension. The holding device also includes a wedging ring axially arranged between a portion of the downstream rotor disc and the support element, the wedging ring being configured to simultaneously urge, under the action of a centrifugal force, the first extension in radial abutment against the second extension and the support element in radial abutment against a portion of the upstream rotor disc.

Abstract: A gas turbine engine includes a compressor and a turbine; a plurality of rotor blades positioned in the compressor or the turbine and arranged in a plurality of stages along an axial direction; an outer drum positioned at least partially radially outward of the plurality of rotor blades and rotatable with the plurality of rotor blades; and a casing extending over the outer drum and defining a plurality of air cavities with the outer drum, the plurality of air cavities arranged in series airflow communication along the axial direction.

Abstract: A rotor blade 32 includes a blade body 33 which has a negative-pressure surface 33a and a positive-pressure surface 33b extending in a blade height direction Z, and a platform 35 which is connected to an end portion of the blade body 33 in the blade height direction Z and extends in a circumferential direction Dc. In an end surface 35a of the platform 35 facing an axial direction Da, a convex portion 51 protruding in the axial direction Da and a concave portion 52 recessed in the axial direction Da are formed on an end surface 35a of the platform 35 facing the upstream side Dau. When viewed in the blade height direction Z, the convex portion 51 and the concave portion 52 are alternately formed in the circumferential direction Dc.

Abstract: A turbine for solar thermal power generation and a Brayton cycle are disclosed. The turbine includes a blade which has a cooling working medium inlet and a cooling working medium jet orifice. The blade is provided as a cavity with hollow interior; the cooling working medium inlet is located inside the blade; the cooling working medium jet orifice is provided on the blade surface on which is provided a spectral conversion coating; the spectral conversion coating converts heat on the blade surface into conversion characteristic band radiation which is radiation energy adjacent to cooling working medium characteristic band radiation of a cooling working medium. The turbine adopts a characteristic spectral coating and a jet cooling to enhance the cooling effect for a turbine blade and to improve the system efficiency of the Brayton cycle.

Abstract: A cooled turbine rotor blade for a gas turbine engine includes an airfoil and a profiled root radially inward of the airfoil, a platform between the airfoil and the root, and a cooling air supply channel extending through the platform into an interior of the airfoil and therein up to an outlet opening. An inlet opening of the cooling air supply channel is located at the rear side of the rotor blade, and an inlet part of the cooling air supply channel with the inlet opening is angled into the direction of rotation of the rotor blade and curved into a radially outward direction. Further, a rotor-stator stage for a gas turbine includes a rotor blade as above, and an air cavity radially inwards of sealing features between the rotor stage and a neighboring downstream stator stage to form a source of cooling air for the rotor blade.

Abstract: A turbine blade includes an airfoil body, and a plurality of cooling passages extending along a blade height direction inside the airfoil body and communicating with each other to form a serpentine flow passage. The cooling passages include first turbulators disposed on an inner wall surface of an upstream side passage of the plurality of cooling passages, and second turbulators disposed on an inner wall surface of a downstream side passage of the plurality of cooling passages, the second turbulators being arranged on a downstream side of the upstream side passage. A second angle formed by the second turbulators with respect to a flow direction of a cooling fluid in the most downstream passage is smaller than a first angle formed by the first turbulators with respect to the flow direction of the cooling fluid in the upstream side passage.

Abstract: A method includes installing a first stage assembly including a first ring member and a first stage of rotor blades, the first ring member defining a first end and the first stage of rotor blades defining a second end; installing a second stage assembly including a second ring member and a second stage of rotor blades, the second ring member defining a first end and the second stage of rotor blades defining a second end, wherein installing the second stage assembly includes fitting the first end of the second ring member to the second end of the first stage of rotor blades to form a first attachment interface; and pressing the second stage assembly against the first stage assembly to fix the first attachment interface.

Abstract: A turbine engine assembly includes a rotor disk extending around an axis A, a sealing flange centered on the axis A, the flange including a radially external portion that can come into contact with a face axially opposite the rotor disk in order to provide the tightness and a radially internal portion including a groove open axially towards the rotor disk and including a ring which is received in the groove of the flange and which is received in the groove of the flange. The ring includes at least one protruding tappet that is received in a notch formed in the flange.

Abstract: A turbine vane assembly adapted for use in a gas turbine engine includes a support and a turbine vane arranged around the support. The support is made of metallic materials. The turbine vane is made of ceramic matrix composite materials to insulate the metallic materials of the support.

Abstract: Various embodiments include honeycomb structures including an abradable material, and a method of applying such honeycomb structures to steel components of a gas turbine engine in order to reduce rub damage. Particular embodiments include a honeycomb structure having a plurality of cells, each cell of the plurality of cells including a cell wall surrounding a void, and an abradable material within the void of each cell of the plurality of cells, the abradable material including a metallic alloy and hollow particles.

Abstract: An improvement to a turbocharger having a housing (10) with a slot (25) located along a midline of the housing (10) above the turbine wheel (29) and a tongue (15) defining the end of an initial inlet throat area (11) of the housing (10), the slot (25) permitting inlet exhaust gas which flows past the tongue (15) to flow into the turbine wheel (29), the improvement being a pivoting vane (50) aligned with the slot (25) and having an upstream end (55) located at a downstream end (57) of the tongue (15). When the vane (50) is in its fully closed position (60), the inlet exhaust gas is prevented from flowing into the slot (25) and, therefore, the turbine wheel (29), until the inlet exhaust gas passes the downstream end (57) of the vane (50). The vane (50) effectively extends the tongue (15) to define a revised inlet throat area (12). The A/R ratio of the housing (10) progressively varies as the vane (50) pivots between the fully opened (70) and fully closed (60) positions.

Abstract: A system and method for diagnosing load compressor health state for an auxiliary power unit that includes a power compressor, a combustor, a power turbine, and a load compressor is provided. The auxiliary power unit is operated and bleed air is discharged from the load compressor at a bleed air pressure. Using a pressure sensor, the bleed air pressure discharged from the load compressor is sensed and supplied to a processor. In the processor, power compressor health state is diagnosed based solely on the sensed bleed air pressure.

Abstract: A heat exchanger includes a plurality of fins arranged as a network and delimiting corridors, and an envelope having an internal wall and an external wall, the internal and external walls delimiting between them a channel for a flow of a first fluid in a main direction, the network of fins being arranged in the channel and connected to the internal and external walls, at least one passage for a flow of a second fluid being embedded in at least one of the internal and external walls, the channel being, in the main direction, divergent and then convergent.

Abstract: A turbine exhaust casing (TEC) cooling arrangement for a gas turbine engine includes cooling the struts of a TEC using compressed air communicated from one of the engine's compressors.

Abstract: An exemplary gas turbine engine includes a turbine section positioned about an engine central longitudinal axis. The turbine section includes a component with a platform providing a lip, a rail extending radially from the platform and at an axial location spaced from an outer axial extension of the lip. An inner face of the rail and a surface of the platform at least partially provide a cavity. At least one opening extends from the inner face to an outer face of the rail opposite the inner face to provide fluid communication from the cavity to the lip.

Abstract: A planetary gear train for an aircraft engine, has: a sun gear; planet gear assemblies having main gears meshed with the sun gear, fore lateral gears and aft lateral gears disposed on opposite sides of the main gears and rotating therewith; journal bearings rotatably supporting the planet gear assemblies for rotation about rotation axes, gaps defined between the journal bearings and the planetary gear assemblies; a planet carrier supporting the journal bearings; a fore ring gear meshed with the fore lateral gears; an aft ring gear meshed with the aft lateral gears; and a lubrication system extending within the planet carrier and hydraulically connected to the gaps between the journal bearings and the planet gear assemblies.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a blade of a guide vane assembly of a turbomachine fitted with a cooling system, generally including an insert arranged inside an internal cavity of said blade, connected to a cooling air inlet of the blade and designed to cool the surface of the internal cavity of the blade, and a bleed device configured to bleed some of the cooling air inside the insert and designed to send this bled cooling air to a central hub of the turbomachine. The bleed device of the blade may further include a bleed head arranged in the internal cavity of the blade and passing through an opening of the insert, and configured to bleed some of the cooling air inside the insert.

Abstract: A unitary fan inlet case and bearing support structure for a gas turbine engine includes an annular body having a radially inward ring connected to a radially outward ring via a plurality of struts. A platform protrudes radially inward from the radially inward ring. The platform includes a radially outward facing surface and a radially inward facing surface. The annular body is a single unitary structure.

Abstract: A power plant for energy production from a liquid gas product stored in a cryogenic storage tank, and comprises a container housing and an inlet to receive the gas product from the tank via a line. An evaporation unit converts the liquid gas product to a gaseous phase. The plant comprises an aggregate for the combustion of the gaseous phase to provide an electrical current to an external consumer. A circuit brings the liquid and/or gaseous phase to the motor via the evaporation unit. A regulating unit regulates the pressure and/or temperature. The liquid gas product is supplied to the motor in the gaseous phase by passive liquid and gas transport. A cooling circuit transfers heat from the motor to a heat exchanger in the evaporation unit.

Abstract: The present invention is related to a multiple-inlet turbine casing (16) for a turbine rotor (60) which comprises a first fluid supply channel (70) configured to direct a first working fluid onto the turbine rotor (60) and a second fluid supply channel (74) configured to direct a second working fluid to impart torque on the turbine rotor (60) in the same direction as the direction in which torque is imparted on the turbine rotor (60) by the first working fluid. The first working fluid is an exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine and the second fluid may be steam and the turbine may be an inverted-Brayton-cycle turbine for recovery of waste energy from the exhaust gas of said internal combustion engine. Thus, the number of turbine rotors is reduced in comparison to a system comprising a single turbine for each distinct working fluid.

Abstract: A power plant system can comprise a first gas turbine having a first efficiency to produce a first exhaust flow, a first electrical generator driven by the first gas turbine, a first heat recovery steam generator to receive the first exhaust flow and generate a first steam flow, a second gas turbine having a second efficiency less than the first efficiency to produce a second exhaust flow, a second electrical generator driven by the second gas turbine, and an exhaust gas conditioning device to reduce temperature of the second exhaust flow, a steam turbine driving a steam electrical generator to receive the first steam flow. The second gas turbine can be selectively operated to generate electricity with the second electrical generator under peak loading conditions when a sum of output from the steam electrical generator and the first electrical generator are less than an electrical demand from a grid.

Abstract: A linkage for coupling between an actuator and a valve in an engine valve actuation assembly. The linkage provides some compliance in the operation of the linkage to close the valve. The linkage comprises a rocker (2) having a rigid body portion (4), the body portion including a pivot axis (6) about which it is rotatable, and a link mount (8) for coupling to a valve link arm (40). The link mount is moveable from a rest position relative to the body portion, and the link mount is urged back towards its rest position when displaced from its rest position relative to the body portion.

Abstract: A valve bridge system comprises a valve bridge configured to extend between at least two engine valves of an internal combustion engine. In one embodiment, a valve bridge guide is operatively connected to the valve bridge and configured to extend between at least two valve springs respectively corresponding to the at least two engine valves, the valve bridge guide defining a surface conforming to a valve spring of the at least two valve springs. In another embodiment, the valve bridge guide may comprise at least a first member maintained in a first fixed position relative to and at a predetermined distance from the valve bridge. In both embodiments, the valve bridge guide is configured to avoid contact with the valve bridge in a controlled state, but to permit contact with valve bridge to resist uncontrolled movement of the valve bridge.

Abstract: A valve timing change device changes a relative rotation phase between a camshaft and a housing rotor which interlocks with rotation of a crankshaft to change open/close timing of an exhaust valve driven by the camshaft to an advancing side or a retarding side. The valve timing change device includes a rotation member which is driven to rotate by being exerted a rotation driving force; an external gear which is interlocked with the rotation member; a first internal gear which is directly or indirectly meshed with the external gear and is rotated integrally with the housing rotor; and a second internal gear which is directly or indirectly meshed with the external gear and is rotated integrally with the camshaft, and has a number of teeth smaller than the number of teeth of the first internal gear.

Abstract: A valve timing change device includes: a housing rotor (10); a vane rotor; a fastening bolt (40) for fastening the vane rotor to a cam shaft; and an advance angle oil passage that constitutes a ring-shaped groove communicating with an advance angle chamber and a delay angle oil passage that constitutes a ring-shaped groove communicating with a delay angle chamber, via oil passages which are open at intervals on an outer circumferential surface of the fastening bolt. The vane rotor includes: a rotor body (20) having a small-diameter inner circumferential portion (23) and a large-diameter inner circumferential portion (24); and a rotor sleeve (30) that is fitted into the large-diameter inner circumferential portion, is in tight contact with the outer circumferential surface (41a) of the fastening bolt, and demarcates the advance angle oil passage (23a) in cooperation with the small-diameter inner circumferential portion.

Abstract: A cam plate is coupled to a driven-side shaft and is rotatable relative to a housing. A gear is placed on a side of the cam plate, which is opposite to the driven-side shaft. The housing has a contact surface that is configured to contact a wall surface of the cam plate, which is located on one side in an axial direction of the housing. Among two external toothed portions, one external toothed portion is located on an opposite side of the contact surface, which is opposite to the gear in the axial direction. The cam plate has a bearing portion that is located on a side of the contact surface, which is opposite to the gear, and the bearing portion has an outer peripheral surface configured to receive a radial load applied from an inner peripheral surface of the housing in a radially inward direction.

Abstract: An iron-based alloy includes, in weight percent, carbon from about 1 to about 2 percent; manganese from about 0.1 to about 1 percent; silicon from about 0.1 to about 2.5 percent; chromium from about 11 to about 19 percent; nickel up to about 8 percent; vanadium from about 0.8 to about 5 percent; molybdenum from about 11 to about 19 percent; tungsten up to about 0.5 percent; niobium from about 1 to about 4 percent; cobalt up to about 5.5 percent; boron up to about 0.5 percent; nitrogen up to about 0.5 percent, copper up to about 1.5 percent, sulfur up to about 0.3 percent, phosphorus up to about 0.3 percent, up to about 5 percent total of tantalum, titanium, hafnium and zirconium; iron from about 50 to about 70 percent; and incidental impurities. The alloy is suitable for use in elevated temperature applications such as in valve seat inserts for combustion engines.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine having a crankcase with a base and an oil tank, wherein a first connection between the crankcase and the oil tank is formed with a first valve, which is open in the direction from the crankcase to the oil tank and closed in the opposite direction, and a second connection between the crankcase and the oil tank is formed with a second valve, which is open in the direction from the oil tank to the crankcase and is closed in the opposite direction. The first valve is arranged on the base of the crankcase and the second valve is arranged above the first valve.

Abstract: A blow-by gas treatment device for an internal combustion engine includes: a positive crankcase ventilation (PCV) separator configured to be fastened to the internal combustion engine with a plurality of bolts; and one of a single sealant or a plurality of sealants configured to seal gas leakage of blow-by gas from a gap between the internal combustion engine and the PCV separator; wherein the plurality of bolts includes at least one break head bolt and three or more unbreakable head bolts, the unbreakable head bolt being a bolt in which a bolt head is not separated even when a fastening torque corresponding to a tightening torque applied to the break head bolt is applied to the bolt head.

Abstract: An exhaust muffler structure to which an exhaust pipe for guiding exhaust gas from an engine to an exhaust muffler is connected, the exhaust muffler structure comprising a catalyst device, included inside the exhaust muffler structure, having a catalyst for purifying the exhaust gas of the engine, wherein the catalyst device has one end connected to the exhaust pipe and is supported inside the exhaust muffler via the exhaust pipe, and a body portion of the catalyst device is supported by a first partition wall having an inner partition wall and an outer partition wall that is on the outer side of the inner partition wall, and the outer partition wall is fixed to the inner wall of the exhaust muffler, and the inner partition wall is fixed to the outer wall of the catalyst device.

Abstract: An injection valve is provided in a cooling device. An outer jacket is provided at an outside of the injection valve. A cylindrical partitioning unit divides an annular space into an outside passage on a side of the outer jacket and an inside passage on a side of the injection valve. A second pipe portion supplies cooling water into the annular space and a first pipe portion discharges the cooling water from the annular space. A first restricting portion is provided between the first pipe portion and the second pipe portion and it restricts a flow of the cooling water in the outside passage from a part on a side of the second pipe portion to a part on a side of the first pipe portion. A second restricting portion is provided at a position on a side of the first pipe portion opposite to an injection port. The second restricting portion restricts the flow of the cooling water between the outside and the inside passages.