Abstract: Systems, methods, and computer-readable media are disclosed for automated endoscopic device control systems. In one embodiment, an example endoscopic device control system may include memory that stores computer-executable instructions, and at least one processor configured to access the memory and execute the computer-executable instructions to determine a first image from an endoscopic imaging system comprising a camera and a scope, determine, using the first image, that a first condition is present, determine a first response action to implement using a first endoscopic device, and automatically cause the first endoscopic device to implement the first response action.

Abstract: A method for the manufacturing an endoscope, the method including: providing a window having a lateral peripheral surface and a flat surface, the window is provided with a metal coating on a lateral peripheral surface and/or an edge region of the flat surface, and the flat surface of the window is provided with a solder preform, inserting the window provided with the solder preform into a window seat of an endoscope shaft of the endoscope, where the flat surface of the window one of faces an interior space of the endoscope shaft or faces away from the interior space of the endoscope shaft, and subsequent to the inserting, heating the solder preform with a heating device such that solder material of the solder preform is distributed between the window and the window seat and, after the solder material cools, solder is arranged between the window and the window seat.

Abstract: A charging device includes: a holder detachably connected to a connector of a camera head to which an endoscope is detachably connected; and a power supplier configured to supply power to a battery of the camera head held by the holder.

Abstract: Disclosed embodiments include apparatuses, systems, and methods for positioning electrodes within a body. In an illustrative embodiment, a control handle is selectively engageable with primary and secondary actuators respectively coupled with primary and secondary electrodes. At a first position, the primary and secondary actuators are movably engaged to move in concert to a second position where distal ends of the electrodes extend into a target region. At the second position, the control handle is engaged with the secondary actuator and movable independently of the primary actuator in a first direction to a third position where the distal end of the secondary electrode extends beyond the distal end of the primary electrode. At the third position, the control handle is movably engaged with the primary actuator and movable independently of the secondary actuator in a second direction to a fourth position to partially retract the distal end of the primary electrode.

Abstract: An endoscope including: a bending portion; a first traction member and a second traction member that causes the bending portion to bend; a first rotary member that pulls the first traction member; a first plate member on which the first rotary member and the first traction member are disposed; a first protrusion; a first positioning part that comes into contact with the first rotary member; a second rotary member that pulls the second traction member; a second plate member; a second protrusion; and a second positioning part that comes into contact with the second rotary member.

Abstract: A tubular connector for use with a spiral tube used on an insertion section of an endoscope. The tubular connector including: an outer surface; an inner surface; and a plurality of cams circumferentially spaced on the inner surface to project radially inward from the inner surface, the plurality of cams extending in a longitudinal direction of the tubular connector; wherein each of the plurality of cams have one or more cam surfaces configured to engage a rotating member to rotate the spiral tube. The plurality of cams can alternatively be formed directly on an interior surface of the spiral tube.

Abstract: A cordless endoscope assembly includes a housing, an endoscope tube and an eyepiece. Electronics are housed in the housing and operable to operate one or more light sources in the endoscope, the electronics including one or more batteries and a printed circuit board. The housing includes a connector configured to removably couple with a cannula connector of a cannula when the endoscope tube is inserted through the cannula. The cordless endoscope is a disposable single use endoscope that can optionally be sterilized with an ethylene oxide (EtO) sterilization process.

Abstract: A polymeric device including: an elongated hollow tube having an outer surface; and a spiral fin wound around the outer surface of the hollow tube; wherein the hollow tube and the spiral fin are formed of a single unitary piece through a molding process. The polymeric device can further include a longitudinal projection projecting from the outer surface of the hollow tube, the longitudinal projection having a greater thickness than other portions of the hollow tube and the longitudinal projection extending at least a portion of a longitudinal length of the hollow tube.

Abstract: A sheath at the end of an endoscope may be elastically expanded to clear an area within a body cavity during a medical procedure and retracted to within an envelope of the endoscope when not in use. In the expanded state, the sheath may provide sufficient mechanical strength to clear space for a camera or surgical tool, while also having sufficient pliability to mitigate impact on surrounding, sensitive tissue. In an example embodiment, the sheath may be an elastomeric sheath or the like coupled between portions of coaxial shafts of an endoscope, and the coaxial shafts can move relative to one another to deploy or retract the sheath by relatively tensioning and relaxing opposing ends of the sheath. In this manner, the sheath may be selectively expanded and retracted without exposed moving parts or sharp edges.

Abstract: There is provided is an endoscope that can improve the cleanliness of a peripheral portion of an elevator. An endoscope (1) includes an insertion part (12) that is provided with a treatment tool insertion channel (82), a distal end portion main body (36), an elevator housing portion (62) that is provided in the distal end portion main body (36) and is open in a first direction, a treatment tool outlet (80) that is open to an inside of the elevator housing portion (62) and communicates with the treatment tool insertion channel (82), and an elevator (60). The elevator (60) has a first surface (64) and a second surface (66) inside a facing region facing the treatment tool outlet (80) in a state where the elevator is positioned at an elevated position.

Abstract: An endoscope has a cannula, one and only one translucent or transparent cover at a distal end of the cannula, a light source and imaging system, both inside the cannula. The light source delivers light into the cover. At least some of that light passes through the cover to illuminate an inspection site inside the patient's body; some of that light is internally reflected at an outer surface of the cover to travel back toward an inner surface of the cover. The imaging system receives the light that has been reflected off the inspection site and returned to the endoscope through the cover. The components are configured such that none of the light that is internally reflected at the outer surface of the cover reaches an optical input of the imaging system directly (e.g., without being further reflected).

Abstract: A system for visualizing a tissue region of interest comprises a deployment catheter defining a lumen and a hood coupled to and extending distally from the deployment catheter. The hood has a low-profile configuration within a delivery sheath and a deployed configuration when extended distally of the delivery sheath. The hood in the deployed configuration defines an open area in fluid communication with the lumen. A distal portion of the deployment catheter extends into the open area. The system also comprises an imaging element coupled to an imager support member. When the hood is in the deployed configuration, the imaging element is configured to extend distally of the distal portion of the deployment catheter while the imager support member extends within the deployment catheter.

Abstract: Provided are a package of a mounting jig mounted balloon and a balloon mounting method capable of reducing the burden of an operation of mounting a balloon in an insertion part of an endoscope. A balloon includes a first sleeve part, a second sleeve part, and a balloon main body. A balloon mounting jig is formed to be folded flat in a hollow cylindrical shape, and has a main body having a first opening part and a second opening part, and a pair of guide pieces that is provided on the second opening part and face each other. A package of a mounting jig mounted balloon is configured so that the balloon mounting jig and the balloon are contained in the container, in which in the container, the balloon is disposed so that the second sleeve part is disposed inside the folded balloon main body and the pair of guide pieces is disposed inside the first sleeve part and the second sleeve part.

Abstract: A rigid endoscope system includes: a pipe body; an objective lens; an ocular lens; an image pick-up sensor; a light source that emits a detection light to an object to be observed; a light receiving sensor that receives the detection light reflected by the object to be observed and has passed through the inside of the pipe body; a spectroscopic device that spectrally disperses a luminous flux emitted from the ocular lens in each of a direction toward the image pick-up sensor and a direction toward the light receiving sensor; a unit that calculates a distance to the object to be observed; an image-forming system that forms an image of a portion of the luminous flux on the image pick-up sensor; and a focus adjustment unit that performs a focus adjustment by moving a lens included in the image-forming system in an optical axis direction based on the calculated distance.

Abstract: A tissue detection system and methods for use thereof are provided. The tissue detection system facilitates stimulating fluorescence via illumination in an area or areas of interest in the human body, detecting non-visible or not easily visible areas of interest subject to such stimulation, and identifying these areas of interest efficiently. The tissue detection system can employ a probe for facilitating illumination/stimulation of a tissue of interest, at least one emitter for generating radiation applied to the tissue of interest, and at least one detector for capturing radiation for the fluorescing tissues of interest.

Abstract: Provided is a fluorescence imaging device comprising: a light source for irradiating a subject with a laser for exciting a fluorescent dye; a condensing lens that receives light from the light source, an endoscopic probe comprising an image fiber and a lens that is disposed on the distal end of the image fiber; a photodetector that detects return light from the subject; and an oscillating element that is connected to the image fiber or the condensing lens and that, upon application of a voltage, causes the image fiber or the condensing lens to oscillate. With this configuration, a lattice pattern of fiber elements, which appears in an image of a subject, can be cancelled in real time by oscillating the oscillating element.

Abstract: Provided are an image processing device, an endoscope system, an image processing method, and a program capable of automatically differentiating a medical image including a scene of interest and supporting saving of the medical image according to a differentiation result.

Abstract: Endoscopic devices are disclosed for viewing and/or performing a surgery on a patient's organ, such as a uterus. In an embodiment, the endoscopic deice includes a housing, a cannula, an imaging system, and a flexible printed circuit (FPC). The cannula is configured for insertion through a cervix into a uterus. The cannula has a lumen that extends from a proximal end of the cannula to a distal end of the cannula. The proximal end of the cannula is secured within the housing. The imaging system is located at a distal end of the cannula and includes a camera and one or more light-emitting diodes (LEDs). The FPC extends within the lumen of the cannula and electrically connects the camera and the LEDs to electrical components located in the housing. The lumen is configured to provide a passage for a working tool.

Abstract: Provided are endoscopic image acquisition system and method that make observation of images easier when images are collected. The endoscopic image acquisition system includes a wavelength pattern changing unit that changes a wavelength pattern of irradiation light with which a part to be observed in a body cavity of a patient is irradiated or returning light from the part to be observed. Images of an observation wavelength pattern are captured at a certain frame rate. In response to acceptance of an acquisition instruction, images of a plurality of wavelength patterns different from one another are sequentially captured. The images of the plurality of wavelength patterns different from one another are stored in a storage unit. An image of a wavelength pattern other than the observation wavelength pattern is set not to be displayed.

Abstract: A method for cleaning a medical instrument and for detecting residue thereon is provided in which method a non-sterile or conventionally sterilized medical instrument is exposed to pressure below 100 hPa, and, subsequently, exposed to at least one gas reactive to the residue.

Abstract: A dental observation device by which, without displaying, in an overlapping manner, a visible light image of an image-capturing site in an oral cavity captured by a 3-D camera and 3-D image information on the image-capturing site in the oral cavity acquired in advance, an invisible portion in the visible light image is easily recognized. An observation system includes a visible light 3-D camera; a relative position calculator; a 3-D information storage storing 3-D image information acquired in advance; an image display displaying, side by side, a 2-D captured image captured by the visible light 3-D camera and 2-D converted image based on the 3-D image information corresponding to the surgical operation target site; and a display direction adjuster displaying, in the image display, the 2-D converted image in a predetermined direction on the basis of the image-capturing direction detected by the relative position calculator.

Abstract: The Bala Laparoscope System is a reusable and/or disposable embodiment of a modular, surgical laparoscope with removable interchangeable viewing angles that enable one laparoscope to be used in place of two separate conventional laparoscopes with different viewing angles. The invention provides for distal lens cleaning without removing the laparoscope from the body. In addition, the invention provides for integrated image-guided working channels for surgical tools; cauterization and laser ablation and internal drug delivery. The simplicity of its optical design allows a much longer useful instrument life than conventional laparoscopes and essentially eliminates the need to rebuild them.

Abstract: Improved methods and devices for performing an endoscopic surgery are provided. Systems are taught for operatively treating gastrointestinal disorders endoscopically in a stable, yet dynamic operative environment, and in a minimally-invasive manner. Such systems include, for example, an endoscopic surgical suite. The surgical suite can have a reversibly-expandable retractor that expands to provide a stable, operative environment within a subject. The expansion can be asymmetric around a stabilizer subsystem to maximize space for a tool and an endoscope to each be maneuvered independently to visualize a target tissue and treat the target tissue from outside the patient in a minimally invasive manner.

Abstract: A method for processing pupil tracking images, comprising the steps of: 1) acquiring eye images multiple times; 2) processing each acquired eye image, and determining whether a pupil can be positioned in the acquired image; and 3) determining that pupil tracking is completed when the pupil can be positioned in consecutive n pieces of eye images. Image processing efficiency is improved by searching a potential bright spot area and carrying out Blob analysis smearing images caused by pupil movement can be eliminated, the pupil edge is accurately positioned by adopting a line drawing method in collaboration with a support vector machine when determining the pupil edge, and finally a weighted least square method is adopted to fit a circle/ellipse (pupil). Therefore, real-time tracking and analysis of the pupil under a complex background are realized, and reliable data are provided for subsequent steps to obtain the refractive parameters of the eye.

Abstract: The method comprises storing a set of images captured of the anterior chamber of various eyes, and using a processor for: a) processing some of said stored images by implementing an homogenization process that adjusts an horizontal and a vertical spatial resolution of each image of the set to be the same, and a centering and aligning process that computes statistical properties of the images, and uses said computed statistical properties to compute a centroid and a covariance matrix of each image; b) performing pair-wise distance measures between images of said processed images providing a pair-wise distance matrix; c) analyzing said pair-wise distance matrix by executing a nonlinear dimensionality reduction algorithm that assigns a point in an n-dimensional space associated to each analyzed image; and d) outputting the results of said analysis in a visual way enabling being usable to detect if said eyes suffer from glaucoma.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to apparatus, software and methods for assessing ocular, ophthalmic, neurological, physiological, psychological and/or behavioral conditions. As disclosed herein, the conditions are assessed using eye-tracking technology that beneficially eliminates the need for a subject to fixate and maintain focus during testing or to produce a secondary (non-optical) physical movement or audible response, i.e., feedback. The subject is only required to look at a series of individual visual stimuli, which is generally an involuntary reaction. The reduced need for cognitive and/or physical involvement of a subject allows the present modalities to achieve greater accuracy, due to reduced human error, and to be used with a wide variety of subjects, including small children, patients with physical disabilities or injuries, patients with diminished mental capacity, elderly patients, animals, etc.

Abstract: A system and/or method for measuring a human ocular parameter comprises a human-wearable face shield which has an eye sensor, a head orientation sensor, and an electronic circuit, and a face shield. The eye sensor comprises a video camera that measures horizontal eye movement, vertical eye movement, pupillometry, and/or eyelid movement. The head orientation sensor measures pitch and/or yaw of the wearer's face. The electronic circuit is response to the eye sensor and the head orientation sensor and measures an ocular parameter such as vestibulo-ocular reflex, ocular saccades, pupillometry, pursuit tracking during visual pursuit, vergence, eye closure, focused position of the eyes, dynamic visual acuity, kinetic visual acuity, virtual retinal stability, retinal image stability, foveal fixation stability, or nystagmus.

Abstract: A method of predicting a blood glucose level of a user, comprising: obtaining, by an image capturing device, an iris image of the user; training a first convolutional neural network of a computing device using the iris image as an input to obtain a classification of the iris image; training a second convolutional neural network of the computing device using the classification and the iris image to extract an iris feature vector; and predicting, by the computing device, the blood glucose level of the user based on the iris feature vector.

Abstract: A clinician eye camera apparatus, networked system, and medium, are disclosed herein, comprising: 1) a camera unit comprising an outer housing, and enclosing: a) a front PCB with a plurality of LED's and a middle aperture to fit a rear camera lens; b) a middle camera filter unit, comprising a plurality of light filters, and a servo motor with a propeller that rotates the light filters into position in front of a rear camera lens; c) the rear camera lens connected to a CMOS sensor, a rear PCB, and a battery; 2) a pivotable arm assembly comprising a top end unit attachable to the camera unit, and a middle handle unit pivotably attached to an arm unit. The arm assembly can be used in a straight handheld mode; or bent 90 degrees for mounting in a slit lamp. Images are transmitted to a clinician computer and/or a remoter server.

Abstract: Retinal imaging systems and methods are described. In an embodiment, the retinal imaging system includes an eyepiece lens assembly; an image sensor adapted to acquire a retinal image of an eye through the eyepiece lens assembly; a dynamic fixation target optically coupled to the eyepiece lens assembly such that the dynamic fixation target is viewable through the eyepiece lens assembly; and a controller communicatively coupled to the image sensor and the dynamic fixation target. In an embodiment, the dynamic fixation target includes a display where an image generated by the display is controlled by a position of a user's eye relative to the eyepiece lens assembly.

Abstract: A line-of-sight measurement device includes: an imaging unit that images a face of a subject; a light illumination unit that illuminates light to an eye of the subject; a camera coordinate system eyeball center coordinate calculation unit that estimates coordinates of an eyeball center, from a face image imaged by the imaging unit; a pupil center calculation unit that estimates coordinates of an apparent pupil center, from a pupil center position on the face image; an eyeball position orientation estimation unit that calculates an optical axis vector toward the pupil center from the eyeball center on the basis of the coordinates of the eyeball center and the apparent pupil center; a corneal reflection image calculation unit that obtains coordinates of a corneal reflection image on the basis of the coordinates of the eyeball center, the optical axis vector, and a predetermined eyeball model; and an image coordinate calculation unit that estimates image coordinates of a corneal reflection image on the face imag

Abstract: A system for providing electrocardiogram (ECG) information to a healthcare provider (HCP) is provided. The system includes a network interface configured to receive drug prescription information from a computing device associated with the HCP and ECG data from a medical device associated with a patient. The system also includes a memory configured to store the drug prescription information and the ECG data. The system can further a processor configured to select a period of time over which to review the received drug prescription information and the received ECG data, retrieve the received ECG data for the selected period of time, derive one or more ECG metrics including at least one heart rate parameter, and generate a graphical representation indicating a trend in the one or more ECG metrics and a relationship between the one or more ECG metrics and the drug prescription information.

Abstract: Disclosed are an IoT system and a monitoring method for monitoring association between indoor environment and health of elderly people. Such IoT system comprises an environmental and health parameter monitoring system and an IoT data association platform, the monitoring system performs data transmission with the IoT data association platform by a GPRS wireless communication module and a data receiving API interface. The monitoring system is combined with the IoT data association platform. The IoT system has a small physical volume and can be fixed to the periphery of the human body by wearing. The constructed IoT environment and health association data platform can remotely and online monitor change of the temperature and humidity and particle concentration in the environment where elderly people are located, and remotely and online monitor the blood pressure and heart rate of elderly people. The health risks can be predicted in real time by input environmental data.

Abstract: Methods and systems for providing data communication in medical systems are disclosed.

Abstract: An apparatus can have a computing component. The computing component can be configured to receive a wireless transmission from an implanted device, verify an identity of the implanted device by verifying security data from the implanted device, and perform an authentication procedure, in response to verifying the identity of the implanted device, to determine whether the transmission is authentic by determining whether a digital signature of the transmission is authentic. The apparatus can be configured to wirelessly charge the implanted device in response to the computing component determining that the digital signature is authentic.

Abstract: An optical detection method and device are provided, wherein a body part comprising at least one joint is irradiated with light. Local attenuation of the light by the body part is detected as attenuation measurements at the position of the at least one joint and at the position of at least one other portion of the body part; and wherein blood flow to and/or from the body part is temporarily at least partially blocked and thereafter enabled again. Distinct local attenuation measurements for the at least one joint and for at least one other portion of the body part are performed for at least two of the times before (I), during (II), and after (III) the blocking of blood flow.

Abstract: Disclosed is an optical probe of an optical coherence tomography (OCT) system according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. The optical probe of the OCT system includes: an optical fiber receiving light generated from a light source and transferring the received light to a plurality of lenses and receiving light reflected from tissue from the plurality of lenses and transferring the received light to an optical coherence system; a plurality of lenses including a first lens positioned at a distal end of the optical fiber and a second lens positioned at a predetermined point in a longitudinal direction of the optical fiber; and a sheath capable of accommodating the optical fiber therein.

Abstract: A target image to be corrected is generated by arranging partial images acquired by scanning a tissue of a living body with light and temporally continuously receiving the light from the tissue. A processor of a medical image processing device performs detecting position shift amounts, acquiring a component, and correcting. In the process of detecting position shift amounts, the processor detects the position shift amounts between the partial images (S3). In the process of acquiring, the processor acquires an assumed result of at least one of a component in the position shift amount caused by movement of the tissue, and a component in the position shift amount caused by a shape of the tissue (S4). In the process of correcting, the processor corrects a position of each of the partial images based on the component in the position shift amount (S7).

Abstract: An auxiliary excitation light source unit 50 is a portable one having a size capable of being held by one hand. The auxiliary excitation light source unit 50 includes an auxiliary excitation light source 51 including a high-power LED in a casing 57. The auxiliary excitation light source 51 emits near-infrared light that is excitation light adapted for exciting indocyanine green and whose wavelength is 760 nm. In front of the auxiliary excitation light source 51, a lowpass filter 53 for blocking light having a wavelength corresponding to the wavelength of fluorescence emitted from indocyanine green is disposed.

Abstract: Systems for obtaining an image of a target are provided including at least one multi-wavelength illumination module configured to illuminate a target using two or more different wavelengths, each penetrating the target at different depths; a multi-wavelength camera configured to detect the two or more different wavelengths illuminating the target on corresponding different channels and acquire corresponding images of the target based on the detected two or more different wavelengths illuminating the target; a control module configured synchronize illumination of the target by the at least one multi-wavelength illumination module and detection of the two or more different wavelengths by the camera; an analysis module configured to receive the acquired images of the target and analyze the acquired images to provide analysis results; and an image visualization module modify the acquired images based on the analysis results to provide a final improved image in real-time.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure relate generally to the use of spectral sensors during a cardiac arrest event. More specifically, the present disclosure relates to the use of spectral sensors for measuring changes in pH and muscle oxygen saturation to estimate subject down time and evaluating the effectiveness of the clinical treatment administered during a cardiac arrest event. Given the narrow window of time in which emergency treatment must be administered, as well as the lack of information concerning the subject's condition, there is a need for a fast and accurate method of estimating the onset of the cardiac arrest emergency and evaluating the effectiveness of the emergency treatment being administered.

Abstract: Method and devices are provided for assessing tissue samples from a plurality of tissue sites in a subject using molecular analysis. In certain aspects, devices of the embodiments allow for minimally invasive collection of liquid tissue samples and delivery of the samples for mass spectrometry analysis.

Abstract: The present invention provides a uterus OCT catheter, comprising: a catheter body; the catheter body comprises an outer sleeve, an OCT imaging catheter and a Luer connector; the outer sleeve is provided with an exit window; the reflecting surface of the reflecting prism in the OCT imaging catheter faces the exit window. The present invention further provides a uterus OCT equipment with pull-back function, comprising a pull-back device and the catheter body, the pull-back device comprises a first housing, a driving connector, a fixing sleeve and a catheter fixing tube. The invention adopts the way that the outer sleeve wraps the OCT imaging catheter to increase the overall strength and diameter; a pull-back device is adopted, the pull-back process is stable and in uniform speed, and can effectively prevent complications during human operation and damage to human tissue during pull-back process.

Abstract: A computerized method for detecting a core temperature of a person, the method may include: receiving multiple temperature readings obtained by scanning a temperature sensor across a skin area of a person, the skin area covers at least one blood vessel, to provide multiple temperature readings; the multiple temperature readings include a peak temperature reading; and determining, by a processor, an estimate of the core temperature of the person in response to at least one temperature reading that differs from the peak temperature reading.

Abstract: A medical system may include a shaft member and a structure physically coupled to the shaft member. A portion of the shaft member may be sized to be delivered through a bodily opening leading to a bodily cavity. The structure may include at least two flexible couplings, each flexible coupling extending transversely from an intermediate portion of a respective one of at least two elongate members of the structure. The flexible coupling extending transversely from the intermediate portion of a first one of the at least two elongate members forms at least a part of a first closed loop arranged to receive a portion of the flexible coupling of a second one of the at least two elongate members therethrough to limit a spacing between the intermediate portions of the first and the second ones of the at least two elongate members.

Abstract: An image processing device disclosed in the present specification includes an acquiring unit, a determination unit, and a generation unit. The acquiring unit acquires composition image data by synthesizing at least two or more of photoacoustic image data that include volume data derived from a photoacoustic wave generated by light irradiation to a subject. The determination unit determines a generation condition of moving image data based on the composition image data. The generation unit generates the moving image data from the composition image data based on the generation condition.

Abstract: Intravascular diagnosis apparatus and methods are disclosed. In one aspect of the disclosed technology, a intravascular diagnosis apparatus includes a monitoring guidewire and a display unit. The monitoring guidewire includes a core wire and a sensor disposed in a distal region of the core wire. The display unit includes a processor and a display screen, and is capable of receiving communication from the monitoring guidewire. The display unit is configured to perform computations using the processor based on communications received from the monitoring guidewire and is configured to display information on the display screen based on the computations. The display unit can be configured to be disposed after a predetermined number of uses or after a predetermined duration of use.

Abstract: Methods and systems are described to obtain and analyze a gas sample from a desired section of the breath of a person, while accounting for erratic, episodic or otherwise challenging breathing patterns that may otherwise make the capturing of a gas sample from the desired section of breath difficult. These techniques may provide more reliable, accurate and adequate samples of gas such as end-tidal gas, and ultimately an accurate analysis of the sample captured.

Abstract: A computerized information processing method for evaluating blood vessels is provided. The method includes acquiring a series of sequences of measurements, each at different time points in at least one cardiac cycle and at a different point along a blood vessel segment of a subject, generating corresponding profiles, calculating a transfer function for a subsegment between two selected points along a blood flow direction, and based thereon determining the physiological property of the subsegment. The measurements can contain information of blood velocity or blood pressure. A processing device and system implementing the information processing method are also provided. This approach can be used to evaluate arteries or veins and can be applied in screening, diagnosis, or prognosis of a variety of vascular diseases. For example, when combined with MRI scan, this approach can be used for non-invasively diagnosing pulmonary hypertension (PH) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), etc.

Abstract: Provided is a cerebral blood flow measurement method of quantitatively measuring cerebral blood flow, the measurement method including: a tracer introducing step of introducing a tracer into a blood vessel; a light applying step of applying measurement light including an absorption wavelength of the tracer to a head; a light detecting step of detecting the measurement light propagating in the head and generating a detection signal based on light intensity of the measurement light; and a calculation step of calculating cerebral blood flow on the basis of a relative change over time ?Q of a concentration of the tracer in a brain tissue which is acquired on the basis of the detection signal and a predetermined relationship between a change over time of a concentration Pa of the tracer in an artery of the head and cerebral blood flow.