Abstract: A dimming device 700 includes a first substrate 711 and a second substrate 712, a first electrode 731 formed on top of the first substrate 711, a dimming layer 720 formed on top of the first electrode 731, a second electrode 732 formed on top of at least the dimming layer 720, a moisture-retaining member 741 that covers at least the second electrode 732 and faces the second substrate 712, and sealing members 733, 734, 735, and 736 provided in an edge portion of the first substrate 711, and a moisture-retaining member extending portion 743 that extends from the moisture-retaining member 741 is disposed between the sealing member and the second substrate 712, and a thickness of the moisture-retaining member extending portion 743 is thinner than a thickness of the moisture-retaining member 742 in a central portion of the dimming device 700.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods, and apparatus for controlling transitions in an optically switchable device. In one aspect, a controller for a tintable window may include a processor, an input for receiving output signals from sensors, and instructions for causing the processor to determine a level of tint of the tintable window, and an output for controlling the level of tint in the tintable window. The instructions may include a relationship between the received output signals and the level of tint, with the relationship employing output signals from an exterior photosensor, an interior photosensor, an occupancy sensor, an exterior temperature sensor, and a transmissivity sensor. In some instances, the controller may receive output signals over a network and/or be interfaced with a network, and in some instances, the controller may be a standalone controller that is not interfaced with a network.

Abstract: Mixtures are disclosed containing a plurality of charged pigment particles and a one or more charge control agents. At least one of the charge control agents has a chemical structure that includes a cationic head group, such as an ammonium cation or an iminium compound, and a non-ionic, polar functional group, other than an acyclic secondary amide group. The mixtures are useful as dispersions for forming electrophoretic media that may be incorporated into electrophoretic displays. Alternatively, the dispersions may be useful for forming electrophotographic toners and dispersions for other printing applications.

Abstract: A variable light transmission device has at least one layer of electrophoretic medium comprising charged particles. Application of a an electric field having a waveform formed by a superposition of a carrier and a modulator waveform enables the switching of the device from a closed state to an open state, wherein the open state has higher light transmission than the closed state. As a result, the device enables the selection of the desired optical state by the user.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is provided for control of plural optical phase shifters in an optical device, such as a Mach-Zehnder Interferometer switch. Drive signal magnitude is set using a level setting input and is used for operating both phase shifters, which may have similar characteristics due to co-location and co-manufacture. A device state control signal selects which of the phase shifters receives the drive signal. One or more switches may be used to route the drive signal to the selected phase shifter. Separate level control circuits and state control circuits operating at different speeds may be employed. When the phase shifters are asymmetrically conducting (e.g. carrier injection) phase shifters, a bi-polar drive circuit can be employed. In this case, the phase shifters can be connected in reverse-parallel, and the drive signal polarity can be switchably reversed in order to drive a selected one of the phase shifters.

Abstract: An electronic product having a silicon-on-insulator substrate, a porous layer of anodic oxide or anodic hydroxide over the silicon layer of the silicon-on-insulator substrate, and a metal layer over the porous layer and that defines at least one electrical transmission line. The velocity of the electrical signal in the at least one electrical transmission line may be controlled by appropriate configuration of the porosity ratio of the porous layer.

Abstract: Provided is an electric field generating substrate and a liquid crystal lens containing the same. The electric field generating substrate contains: a first substrate; and a first electric field generating unit disposed on the first substrate. The first electric field generating unit contains: a first main electrode; a second main electrode; and a first sub-electrode disposed between the first main electrode and the second main electrode. The first sub-electrode electrically connects to the first main electrode and the second main electrode. A first resistor is disposed between the first main electrode and the first sub-electrode, and a second resistor is disposed between the first sub-electrode and the second main electrode. In addition, the first main electrode, the second main electrode and the first sub-electrode are substantially parallel to each other.

Abstract: Methods and systems are described for adjusting an optical signal. An example device can comprise a plurality of waveguides. The device can comprise an interference structure optically coupled to the plurality of waveguides and configured to receive an optical signal and distribute the optical signal to the plurality of waveguides as a plurality of optical signals. The device can comprise a plurality of phase shifters coupled to corresponding waveguides of the plurality of waveguides and configured to adjust the phase of one or more of the plurality of optical signals. The device can comprise a plurality of emitters optically coupled to corresponding outputs of the plurality of phase shifters and configured to output the adjusted plurality of optical signals. The adjusted plurality of optical signals can be output as light patterns reconfigurable in at least one dimension.

Abstract: A split lens assembly module, comprising: a focusing mechanism; and a lens assembly, wherein the lens assembly comprises at least two optical lenses, at least one lens barrel member and a bearing structure, each of the at least one lens barrel member holds at least one optical lens to form at least one to-be-adjusted lens assembly, the bearing structure holds at least one optical lens to form a fixing lens assembly, the to-be-adjusted lens assembly is pre-assembled on the fixing lens assembly, the to-be-adjusted lens assembly is suitable for being adjusted relative to an assembly position of the fixing lens assembly, the fixing lens assembly is mounted inside the focusing mechanism through the bearing structure, and moves as the focusing mechanism is powered on, which is suitable for focusing.

Abstract: The present embodiment relates to a lens driving device, a camera module and an optical device. The lens driving device comprising: a cover; a housing arranged inside the cover; a bobbin arranged inside the housing; a magnet arranged in the housing; a first coil arranged in the bobbin and facing the magnet; a first substrate arranged below the housing and including a second coil facing the magnet; a second substrate arranged below the first substrate; and a base arranged below the second substrate, wherein the base includes a body and a protrusion upwardly protruding from the body, the outer side of the second substrate is arranged to face the inner side of the protrusion, and the upper surface of the protrusion is in a location which is the same as or lower than that of the upper surface of the first substrate.

Abstract: A LED lens structure, configured to supply auxiliary photographing light for photographing equipment, includes a base and a LED light emitting chip formed on the base. An encapsulating lens formed by encapsulating silica gel is formed on the LED light emitting chip, and the encapsulating lens has an ellipsoid structure and provides a light exit surface that is an ellipsoid surface. The LED light source can project an approximately rectangular light spot on the light-receiving surface, and the imaging area of the trail camera is also rectangular, thus the light emitted by the LED light source can fall into the imaging area as much as possible, thereby improving effective utilization of light source, which can reduce the power of auxiliary lighting source, and effectively reduce the interference of the reflected light on the ground beyond the imaging area to the trail camera, thereby improving the image quality.

Abstract: A light-adjustment module for camera includes a light source unit and a light-adjustment unit. The light source unit includes light-emitting elements disposed around a lens of the camera, and the light-emitting direction of each light-emitting element is parallel to the image-capturing direction of the lens. The light-adjustment unit is disposed above the light source unit and includes secondary optical elements respectively corresponding to the light-emitting elements. Each secondary optical element includes a light-transmitting cover, and each light-emitting element is accommodated inside the corresponding light-transmitting cover. An inner wall of each light-transmitting cover includes a first light-guiding inclined surface and a second light-guiding inclined surface. A first slope of the first light-guiding inclined surface is different from a second slope of the second light-guiding inclined surface.

Abstract: The electronic device can be used with an accessory module that is a second device attached to a device main body that is a first device. The accessory module includes a locking member that is held so as to be able to be turned. The locking member includes a ring-shaped portion that has a plurality of claw portions and an operation portion for performing a turning operation. The device main body 1 includes a plurality of claw portions corresponding to the plurality of claw portions of the locking member. The claw portions and the claw portions engage with each other in a state in which the accessory module is attached to the device main body by the turning operation of the operation portion, and the claw portions and the claw portions are not engaged in a state in which the accessory module can be removed from the device main body.

Abstract: A camera housing includes four walls configured to enclose and secure a camera: a top wall, a bottom wall, a right wall, and a left wall. The bottom wall includes a first segment and a segment coupled by a latching mechanism. The latching mechanism comprises a tongue component coupled to the second segment and a groove component coupled to the first segment. The tongue and groove components are configured such that the tongue component securely couples the second segment to the first segment when the camera frame is in the closed configuration. In the open configuration, the first and second segment can decouple and the left wall and second segment rotates upwards relative to the top wall such that a camera can be inserted or removed from the camera system. The camera housing also includes a button interface, an input/output interface, and a mounting mechanism.

Abstract: An electronic apparatus to which an accessory is removably attached. One of a grip and an image capture apparatus body includes a first attachment part formed by a first screw, a first electrical connection part disposed outside the first screw, and a first engagement part formed outside the first electrical connection part. The other of them includes a second attachment part formed by a second screw and screwed with the first screw, a second electrical connection part disposed outside the second screw, and electrically connected to the first electrical connection part, and a second engagement part formed outside the second electrical connection part, and engaged with the first engagement part. When the first and second screws are screwed, the first and second engagement parts are engaged, and the first and second electrical connection pans are electrically connected.

Abstract: An optical module including a base and a rotating structure is provided. The rotating structure includes a frame and an optical element. The frame has at least one shaft portion. The frame is connected to the base through the shaft portion, and is configured to oscillate relative to the base along a rotation axis by taking the shaft portion as a rotating shaft. The optical element is disposed within the frame. The rotation axis passes through a center of gravity of the rotating structure. In addition, a projector having the optical module is also provided. The invention can prevent the rotating structure of the optical module from having an excessive rotational inertia.

Abstract: A light source device that radiates excitation light or emitted light by the excitation light, includes: an excitation light source that radiates the excitation light; a fluorescent wheel that includes a phosphor, which emits light in a predetermined wavelength range on reception of the excitation light, in a circumferential direction; a driving device that rotates the fluorescent wheel; and a shielding member that is arranged around the excitation light source and the fluorescent wheel and shields the excitation light and the emitted light, wherein an opening through which outside air is introduced is provided at a part of the shielding member.

Abstract: An optical system includes a light source, an illumination optical system, and an optical modulator. The lens array and the lens of the illumination optical system are arranged in that order from an upstream side of an optical path of light from the light source. The light shield is disposed at the upstream side relative to the lens in the optical path. The light shield blocks some rays incident within a range of an effective diameter of the lens. The illumination optical system emits the light to the optical modulator. The optical modulator emits the incident light to a first direction and a second direction different from the first direction. A center of an effective diameter of the lens array is offset from a center of the effective diameter of the lens to an opposite side of the light shield in a direction orthogonal to the optical axis.

Abstract: There is provided an information processing apparatus and method, and a projection imaging apparatus and an information processing method capable of suppressing an increase in processing amount of processing related to update of correction information used for geometric correction and the like, the information processing apparatus detecting, in regard to projection imaging apparatuses each having a projection unit that projects an image on a projection surface and an imaging unit that images the projection surface, a corresponding point between a pixel of the projection unit and a pixel of the imaging unit for a relation between one of the projection imaging apparatuses whose posture has changed and one of the projection imaging apparatuses whose posture has not changed, and estimating a relative posture of the projection imaging apparatus whose posture has changed with respect to the projection imaging apparatus whose posture has not changed.

Abstract: A pellicle for a photomask comprises a pellicle membrane. The pellicle membrane incudes a base layer having a first surface and a second surface facing the first surface, and a first recovery layer covering the first surface of the base layer. A content of SP2 covalent bonds between carbon atoms contained in the first recovery layer is less than or equal to a content of SP2 covalent bonds between carbon atoms contained in the base layer.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a hologram medium comprising: a polymer substrate including a polymer resin in which a silane-based functional group is located in a main chain or a branched chain, wherein a fine pattern is formed on at least one surface of the polymer substrate, and an optical element.

Abstract: The disclosure provides thianthrene derivatized monomers and polymers for use in volume Bragg gratings, including, but not limited to, volume Bragg gratings for holography applications. Several thianthrene structures are described, including structures substituted by halogens, sulphur containing groups, phenyl groups, at least one polymerizable group, etc. Thianthrene derivatized polymers in Bragg gratings applications lead to materials with higher refractive index, low birefringence, and less packing in solid state. Thianthrene derivatized monomers/polymers can be used in any volume Bragg gratings materials, including two-stage polymer materials where a matrix is cured in a first step, and then the volume Bragg grating is written by way of a second curing step of a monomer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a roll stamp and a method of manufacturing the same, the roll stamp including a cylindrical metal mold including a debossed pattern formed on an outer side and a hollow portion formed on an inner side, and a dummy roller inserted into the hollow portion. Because a joining portion is not formed on the entire area of the cylindrical metal mold, a problem in which edge regions are separated does not occur. Also, due to the absence of the joining portion, it is possible to perform a patterning process continuously.

Abstract: A composition includes a near-infrared absorber, a color material that transmits near-infrared rays and shields visible light, at least one compound selected from the group consisting of a resin having a glass transition temperature of 100° C. or higher, and a resin precursor of the resin having a glass transition temperature of 100° C. or higher, and a surfactant.

Abstract: A radiation-sensitive composition contains: a metal oxide having a first structural unit represented by formula (1), formula (2) or a combination thereof, and a second structural unit represented by formula (3); and a solvent. In the formulae (1) to (3), M1, M2 and M3 each independently represent germanium, tin or lead; and R1, R2 and R3 each independently represent a monovalent organic group having 1 to 40 carbon atoms which bonds to M1 or M2 via a carbon atom. A proportion of the first structural unit with respect to total structural units constituting the metal oxide is preferably no less than 50 mol %.

Abstract: A photoresist composition, including a polymer having a C6-30 hydroxyaromatic group, a solvent, and a sulfonium salt having Formula (I): wherein, in Formula (I), R, R1 to R8, X, n, and Rf are the same as described in the specification.

Abstract: Provided are a planographic printing plate precursor including a support and an image recording layer formed on the support, in which the image recording layer contains a polymer A which includes a constitutional unit A1 having an ethylenically unsaturated group, a weight-average molecular weight of the polymer A is in a range of 2,500 to 35,000, and a content of the constitutional unit A1 in the polymer A is 15 mol % or more, and a method of producing a planographic printing plate using the planographic printing plate precursor.

Abstract: A photosensitive composition for pulse exposure includes: a near infrared absorber A; a photoinitiator B; and a compound C that is cured by reacting with an active species generated from the photoinitiator B.

Abstract: A photo-lithography system may include a first light source configured to generate a first light beam having a first wavelength. The first light beam may be modified, where an intensity of the first wavelength absent within a threshold radius from the center of the modified first light beam, and wherein the intensity of the first wavelength present a radius that is greater than the threshold radius. The system may include a second light source configured to generate a second light beam having a second wavelength that is present within the threshold radius from the center of the second light beam. A lens may focus the first light beam and the second light beam onto a layer of photoresist applied to a surface. The photoresist may include double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) oligomers and photochromic moieties intercalated therein.

Abstract: A problem to be addressed by the present invention is to obtain: a cured film that has high sensitivity, makes it possible to prevent generation of a development residue arising from a pigment, and has excellent heat resistance and light-blocking ability; and a negative photosensitive resin composition that is formed into the cured film.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition comprising; components a. c. and d; and optional component b. wherein, component a. is a metal compound having the structure (I), optional component b., is a polyol additive, having structure (VI), component c. is a high performance polymer additive, and component d. is a solvent. The present invention further relates to using this compositions in methods for manufacturing electronic devices through either the formation of a patterned films of high K material comprised of a metal oxide on a semiconductor substrate, or through the formation of patterned metal oxide comprised layer overlaying a semiconductor substrate which may be used to selectively etch the semiconductor substrate with a fluorine plasma.

Abstract: A composition for forming an organic film contains a polymer having a partial structure shown by the following general formula (1A), and an organic solvent. The polymer is crosslinked by dehydrogenative coupling reaction involving hydrogen atoms located at the trityl position on the fluorene ring in each partial structure.

Abstract: Provided are a planographic printing plate precursor having an image recording layer on a support, and an overcoat layer in this order, in which the overcoat layer includes particles, the overcoat layer is an outermost layer, and an occupation area ratio of the particles in a surface of the overcoat layer is 30% by area or more; and a method of producing a planographic printing plate obtained by using the planographic printing plate precursor.

Abstract: A method and apparatus of detection, registration and quantification of an image is described. The method may include obtaining an image of a lithographically created structure, and applying a level set method to an object, representing the structure, of the image to create a mathematical representation of the structure. The method may include obtaining a first dataset representative of a reference image object of a structure at a nominal condition of a parameter, and obtaining second dataset representative of a template image object of the structure at a non-nominal condition of the parameter. The method may further include obtaining a deformation field representative of changes between the first dataset and the second dataset. The deformation field may be generated by transforming the second dataset to project the template image object onto the reference image object. A dependence relationship between the deformation field and change in the parameter may be obtained.

Abstract: An arrangement of a microlithographic imaging device, such as one that operates in the EUV range, includes a holding device for holding an optical element. The optical element includes an optical surface and defines a plane of main extension, in which the optical element defines a radial direction and a circumferential direction. The holding device includes a base unit and more than three separate holding units. The base unit includes a plurality of support interface units, which are spaced apart from one another in the circumferential direction, for connecting the holding device to a support structure. The holding units are connected to the base unit and distributed along the circumferential direction and spaced apart from one another. The holding units hold the optical element with respect to the base unit.

Abstract: A method including: obtaining data based an optical proximity correction for a spatially shifted version of a training design pattern; and training a machine learning model configured to predict optical proximity corrections for design patterns using data regarding the training design pattern and the data based on the optical proximity correction for the spatially shifted version of the training design pattern.

Abstract: A method for improving the yield of a lithographic process, the method including: determining a parameter fingerprint of a performance parameter across a substrate, the parameter fingerprint including information relating to uncertainty in the performance parameter; determining a process window fingerprint of the performance parameter across the substrate, the process window being associated with an allowable range of the performance parameter; and determining a probability metric associated with the probability of the performance parameter being outside an allowable range. Optionally a correction to the lithographic process is determined based on the probability metric.

Abstract: Methods of controlling a patterning process are disclosed. In one arrangement, tilt data resulting from a measurement of tilt in an etching path through a target layer of a structure on a substrate is obtained. The tilt represents a deviation in a direction of the etching path from a perpendicular to the plane of the target layer. The tilt data is used to control a patterning process used to form a pattern in a further layer.

Abstract: A mask transfer system and transfer method, including an inner mask store (1) used for storing masks, a rotating mechanical arm used for moving the masks, and a mask fork (3) connected to the rotating mechanical arm and used for picking up the masks. The rotating mechanical arm is provided with a micro-adjustment piece (4) used for coordinating with the rotating mechanical arm to compensate position deviations of the masks picked up by the mask fork, so as to implement mask pre-alignment. The mask transfer system and transfer method achieve the effect of being low in cost.

Abstract: In a substrate stage, when a Y coarse movement stage moves in the Y-axis direction, an X coarse movement stage, a weight cancellation device, and an X guide move integrally in the Y-axis direction with the Y coarse movement stage, and when the X coarse movement stage moves in the X-axis direction on the Y coarse movement stage, the weight cancellation device move on the X guide in the X-axis direction integrally with the X coarse movement stage. Because the X guide is provided extending in the X-axis direction while covering the movement range of the weight cancellation device in the X-axis direction, the weight cancellation device is constantly supported by the X guide, regardless of its position. Accordingly, a substrate can be guided along the XY plane with good accuracy.

Abstract: Techniques, systems, and devices are disclosed for implementing a photoconductive device performing bulk conduction. In one exemplary aspect, a photoconductive device is disclosed. The device includes a light source configured to emit light; a crystalline material positioned to receive the light from the light source, wherein the crystalline material is doped with a dopant that forms a mid-gap state within a bandgap of the crystalline material to control a recombination time of the crystalline material; a first electrode coupled to the crystalline material to provide a first electrical contact for the crystalline material, and a second electrode coupled to the crystalline material to provide a second electrical contact for the crystalline material, wherein the first and the second electrodes are configured to establish an electric field across the crystalline material, and the crystalline material is configured to exhibit a substantially linear transconductance in response to receiving the light.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a conductive substrate and a photosensitive layer of a single layer. The photosensitive layer contains a charge generating material, a binder resin, a hole transport material, and an electron transport material. The binder resin includes a polyester resin. The polyester resin includes a first repeating unit represented by general formula (1) shown below and a second repeating unit represented by general formula (2) shown below. A content percentage of the polyester resin in the photosensitive layer is at least 0.3% by mass and no greater than 7.0% by mass.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a conductive substrate and a photosensitive layer of a single layer. The photosensitive layer contains a charge generating material, a binder resin, a hole transport material, and an electron transport material. The binder resin includes a polyester resin and a polycarbonate resin. The polyester resin includes a first repeating unit represented by general formula (1) shown below and a second repeating unit represented by general formula (2) shown below. The polycarbonate resin includes a third repeating unit represented by general formula (3) shown below and a fourth repeating unit represented by general formula (24) shown below. A content percentage of the polyester resin in the photosensitive layer is at least 0.3% by mass and no greater than 7.0% by mass.

Abstract: Provided is a toner has a toner particle containing a binder resin and is characterized in that the binder resin contains a polymer A, which is a polymer of a composition containing a first polymerizable monomer, a second polymerizable monomer and a crosslinking agent, the first polymerizable monomer is at least one monomer selected from the group consisting of (meth)acrylic acid esters having an alkyl group with 18 to 36 carbon atoms, the crosslinking agent has two or more polymerizable double bonds, a content of the first polymerizable monomer in the composition is 5.0 to 60.0 mol %, a content of the second polymerizable monomer is 20.0 to 95.0 mol %, and when the SP values of the first polymerizable monomer, the second polymerizable monomer and the crosslinking agent are denoted by SP12, SP22 and SPC2, respectively, the formulae 0.60?(SP22?SP12)?15.00 and SP12<SPC2<(SP22+3.00) are satisfied.

Abstract: Provided is an image forming method, including: transferring and fixing a toner onto a recording medium, and forming an image including a plurality of layers, in which an attachment amount of the toner on the recording medium is greater than or equal to 8 g/m2 and less than or equal to 40 g/m2, a toner forming a layer in contact with a fixing member contains at least a first mold release agent containing ester wax and a second mold release agent containing microcrystalline wax, and a special color toner is contained in any layer of the plurality of layers.

Abstract: There is provided a secondary transfer device for secondary-transferring a toner image primary-transferred on an outer peripheral surface of an endless annular intermediate transfer belt to a sheet at a predetermined secondary transfer position, the intermediate transfer belt having a predetermined width and being wound around a plurality of rollers and rotating, the secondary transfer device including: a pressure-releasing mechanism that displaces a secondary transfer roller to a pressing position and a separation position; a first drive that drives the pressure-releasing mechanism; a high-speed depressurization mechanism that temporarily depressurizes a nip pressure, at which the secondary transfer roller at the pressing position interposes and presses the intermediate transfer belt in a gap with respect to the opposite roller, when a leading end and a tailing end of a sheet pass between the secondary transfer roller and the intermediate transfer belt; and a second drive that drives the high-speed depressur

Abstract: An optical scanning device includes: a polygon mirror deflecting light beams; and a plurality of reflective mirrors reflecting the light beams so as to guide the light beams to respective photosensitive drums. A first f? lens is provided on an optical path of the light beam from the polygon mirror to a first reflective mirror. The optical path of the light beam reflected by a third reflective mirror crosses the optical path between the first reflective mirror and a second reflective mirror.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes: a photosensitive drum; a developing roller; a separation mechanism for moving the developing roller between a contacting position contacting the photosensitive drum and a separated position separated from the photosensitive drum; a first tray; a first sheet feed mechanism for feeding a sheet from the first tray toward the photosensitive drum; a first sheet sensor for detecting passage of the sheet at a prescribed position; and a controller configured to perform: when a printing operation is performed onto the sheet fed from the first tray, feeding the sheet in the first tray to the prescribed position and maintain the sheet; moving, on or after the first sheet sensor detects the sheet, the developing roller to the contacting position; and feeding, after a prescribed time period has elapsed since the first sheet sensor detects the sheet, the sheet from the prescribed position toward the photosensitive drum.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image bearing member, a rotatable developer carrying member, a rotatable toner supplying member, and a toner accommodating unit. A developing unit including the developer carrying member and the toner accommodating unit are capable of being independently exchanged. The image forming apparatus further includes a current detector and a controller configured to execute a process for notifying information on a lifetime of the developing unit, on the basis of a detection result of the current detector at predetermined timing after use of a fresh toner accommodating unit is started.

Abstract: A toner cartridge according to one example embodiment includes a reservoir for holding toner. An outlet is positioned on a front of the toner cartridge for exiting toner from the toner cartridge. First, second and third electrical contacts are positioned on a first side of the toner cartridge for contacting corresponding first, second and third electrical contacts in an image forming device. Each of the first, second and third electrical contacts of the toner cartridge is electrically connected to a respective imaging component positioned on the toner cartridge. The first, second and third electrical contacts of the toner cartridge are positioned such that an imaginary line that angles downward in a direction from a rear of the toner cartridge toward the front of the toner cartridge passes through the first, second and third electrical contacts of the toner cartridge.