Abstract: A partial discharge calibration standard apparatus may include a first and second rigid members defining respective first and second facing surfaces. An electrically insulating material may be disposed between the facing surfaces. The apparatus may further include a pressure member maintaining the rigid members together, thereby fixing the first and second facing surfaces in a substantially parallel spaced relation across the insulating material such that a partial discharge threshold magnitude for an electrical potential difference between the first and second facing surfaces is determined.

Abstract: A test system is provided. The system includes a first test apparatus and a second test apparatus. A device power supply of the first test apparatus (ATE) is electrically connected with a device under test (DUT) through a driving branch (F) and a detecting branch (S), the driving branch (F) being configured to provide an original driving current to the DUT b the device power supply during testing, and the detecting branch (S) being configured to detect an effective driving current reaching the DUT. The second test apparatus includes a first voltage drop branch, the first voltage drop branch is connected to the detecting branch (S), and a voltage drop detected by the driving branch (F) is used to determine an effectiveness of an electrical connection formed between the driving branch and the device under test, and an electrical connection formed between the detecting branch (S) and the DUT.

Abstract: The subject matter discloses a method to determine a relative direction of a target RF transmitter, performed by a direction finding (DF) system comprising at least a pair of antennas having an electromagnetic-absorbing material between them, comprising conducting wireless communication between the target RF transmitter and each one of the antennas of the DF system, measuring the signal strength of the target RF transmitter received at each antenna, calculating the difference between the signal strength measured at each one of the antennas in the pair, and determining a relative direction of the target RF transmitter to be is the direction of the antenna within the pair of antennas in which the stronger signal was measured.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method includes receiving a plurality of radio frequency chains at a wireless device in a block based modulation environment, recording subcarrier phases and differences between the subcarrier phases, and using the subcarrier phase differences to construct a feature vector for use in angle of arrival calculated positioning of a mobile device.

Abstract: Acoustic signals from an acoustic event are captured via sensing nodes of sensor group(s) that comprise a group of sensing nodes at a location comprising spatial boundaries. Each of the sensing nodes comprise a sensor area. Each of the sensor group(s) is based on: range limits of each of the sensing nodes; shared sensing areas of the sensing nodes; and intersections between the sensor area for each of the sensing nodes and the spatial boundaries. Solutions(s) are generated by processing the acoustic signals. The solution(s) indicate the location of the acoustic event. A strength of solution compliance value for at least one of the solution(s) is determined. A refined solution is generated employing: sensor contributions of sensing nodes; and the strength of solution compliance value with the spatial boundaries and at least one of the solution(s). A report is created comprising the location of the acoustic event.

Abstract: A method and devices are disclosed that increase the range of active geo-location from the airborne measuring station as compared with known methods by increasing the effective receive sensitivity of the airborne measuring station. In one embodiment this may be accomplished by transmitting a predetermined ranging packet and correlating the raw received bit stream of the response packet with the predetermined bit stream. In one embodiment, the disclosed method applies to the reception of IEEE 802.11 direct sequence spread spectrum DSSS ACK and DSSS CTS packets in response to DSSS data null and DSSS RTS packets respectively, in the 2.4 GHz band.

Abstract: The invention is for a multi-sensor multiple hypotheses testing tracking system. The multi-hypothesis testing system associates measurements from multiple sensors with tracks. Measurements are incorporated using a Kalman Filter and the same filters are used to propagate the trajectories of the tracks.

Abstract: Disclosed are a positioning communication device, a positioning method, and a computer storage medium.

Abstract: A system for locating an object in a volume of space can include multiple electrical devices, where each electrical device includes a transceiver. The system can also include a controller communicably coupled to the electrical devices. The controller can instruct the electrical devices to broadcast, using the transceiver, multiple first signals in the volume of space. The controller can also collect data associated with multiple second signals received by the transceiver of the electrical devices, where the second signals are sent by the object in response to the first signals. The controller can further determine, using the data, a multi-dimensional location of the object in the volume of space.

Abstract: This disclosure describes systems, methods, and devices related to phase shift ToA. A device may determine a first sounding frame received from an responding STA (RSTA), wherein the first sounding frame is received at a first time of arrival (ToA). The device may determine a second sounding frame received from an initiating STA (ISTA), wherein the second sounding frame is received at a second ToA. The device may identify a first reporting frame received from the RSTA. The device may identify a second reporting frame received from the ISTA. The device may extract a first phase shift time estimation from the first reporting frame. The device may extract a second phase shift time estimation from the second reporting frame. The device may determine a ranging location of the device based on the first ToA, the second ToA, the first phase shift time estimation, and the second phase shift time estimation.

Abstract: Systems and methods for detecting, monitoring, and mitigating the presence of a drone are provided herein. In one aspect, a system for detecting presence of a drone includes a radio-frequency (RF) receiver configured to receive an RF signal transmitted between a drone and a controller. The RF signal includes a synchronization signal for synchronization of the RF signal. The system can further include a processor and a computer-readable memory in communication with the processor and having stored thereon computer-executable instructions to cause the at least one processor to receive a sequence of samples from the RF receiver, obtain a double differential of the received sequence of samples, calculate a running sum of a defined number of the double differential of the received sequence of samples, and detect the presence of the drone based on the running sum.

Abstract: A radar sensor system having a defined number of HF components, with each of the HF components having at least one antenna for transmitting and/or receiving of radar waves in each case, and at least one antenna control for operating the at least one antenna; and a synchronization network, which is connected to all HF components and via which an operating frequency of all HF components is able to be synchronized; with a synchronization master according to at least one defined criterion being able to be provided by all HF components.

Abstract: A transmission antenna unit includes transmission antennas arranged in a row along a predetermined array direction at a predetermined first interval. A reception antenna unit includes reception antennas arranged in a row along the array direction at a second interval set to differ from the first interval. The transmission antennas and the reception antennas form a virtual array in which virtual reception antennas are arranged in a row along the array direction. The first interval is equal to a multiplication value of a minimum interval being a minimum value of an arrangement interval of the virtual reception antennas and a first multiple being an integer of 2 or greater. The second interval is equal to a multiplication value of the minimum interval and a second multiple being an integer of 2 or greater and set to differ from the first multiple. The first and second multiples are coprime.

Abstract: A transmission antenna unit includes a plurality of transmission antennas, a reception antenna unit, and a processor. The plurality of transmission antennas that are arranged in a row along a predetermined array direction. The reception antenna unit includes a plurality of reception antennas that are arranged in a row along the array direction. The plurality of transmission antennas and the plurality of reception antennas form a virtual array in which a plurality of virtual reception antennas are arranged in a row along the array direction. The processor corrects a plurality of virtual reception signals by multiplying a virtual reception signal matrix by an inverse matrix of a reception mutual coupling matrix and an inverse matrix of a transmission mutual coupling matrix.

Abstract: An electronic device disposed on a door frame includes a back plate attached to the door frame, a housing coupled to the back plate, a first antenna that transmits or receives a signal having a first wavelength with an external electronic device, a second antenna that is disposed closer to the back plate than the first antenna and that transmits or receives a signal having the first wavelength with the external electronic device, an electric-wave blocking member that is disposed between the back plate and the second antenna and that blocks a signal reflected by the door frame, and at least one processor operatively connected with the first antenna and the second antenna. The first antenna and the second antenna are disposed inside the housing, and an antenna pattern of the second antenna is different from an antenna pattern of the first antenna.

Abstract: A radar system may include a set of analog components to perform one or more radio frequency (RF) operations during an active radar phase of the radar system. The radar system may include a set of digital components to perform one or more digital processing operations during at least a digital processing phase of the radar system. The one or more digital processing operations may be performed such that performance of the one or more digital processing operations does not overlap performance of a substantive portion of the one or more RF operations.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the technical field of automobile maintenance and device calibration, and discloses an on-board radar calibration device and method. The on-board radar calibration device includes a radar calibration plate, a radar calibration laser and a radar calibration reflector. The radar calibration plate includes a through hole. The radar calibration laser is configured to: after calibration of a vertical plane of the radar calibration plate is completed, emit a laser beam to pass through the through hole. The radar calibration reflector is mounted on an on-board radar of a to-be-calibrated automobile to reflect the laser beam passing through the through hole, so that the reflected laser beam is returned to the through hole along an original path to calibrate the on-board radar. In the present invention, the radar calibration reflector may be mounted on on-board radars of different automobile models.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a vehicle radar, a vehicle radar controlling method, and a vehicle radar controlling system. Specifically, the vehicle radar includes a signal transmitter which transmits a transmission signal for detecting a target object, a signal receiver which receives a reception signal including a target signal generated by the transmission signal being reflected by the target object, and a signal processor which processes the reception signal to form a frequency spectrum of the reception signal. Specifically, the signal processor determines a window size based on the frequency spectrum of the reception signal, determines spectrum similarity between an up-chirp frequency and a down-chirp frequency based on the determined window size, and determines a length of the target object if the spectrum similarity is greater than a preset threshold value.

Abstract: To provide a housing device in which an occurrence frequency of a water droplet dripping from a ceiling portion is reduced. A housing device includes a casing of which at least one surface serves as an opening surface, in which when viewed from the opening surface, in order to convey a liquid flowing from above the opening surface to the depth side, a ceiling surface of the casing is inclined to descend from a front side to a depth side.

Abstract: A motor vehicle is disclosed. The motor vehicle includes a light detection and ranging (lidar) sensor and an outer surface of the motor vehicle. The outer surface includes at least one retroreflector element for the lidar sensor arranged on the outer surface of the motor vehicle.

Abstract: Embodiments of the disclosure provide a LiDAR assembly. The LiDAR assembly includes a central LiDAR device configured to detect an object at or beyond a first predetermined distance from the LiDAR system and an even number of multiple auxiliary LiDAR devices configured to detect an object at or within a second predetermined distance from the LiDAR system. The LiDAR assembly also includes a mounting apparatus configured to mount the central and auxiliary LiDAR devices. Each of the central and auxiliary LiDAR devices is mounted to the mounting apparatus via a mounting surface. A first mounting surface between the central LiDAR device and the mounting apparatus has an angle with a second mounting surface between one of the auxiliary LiDAR devices and the mounting apparatus.

Abstract: A system and method of calibrating a laser tracker is provided. The system includes a support system for quickly and easily moving an artifact to a desired position and orientation and for holding the artifact in the position and orientation. An adjustable alignment mirror is coupled to a first end of the artifact so that the more accurate ranging system of the laser tracker can be isolated to determine a reference length of the artifact. Additional measurements are then taken to exercise one or more error source within the tracker. The support system includes a positioner and a support beam for positioning and supporting the artifact. The artifact is coupled to the support beam using kinematic clamps that are designed to reduce or eliminate errors associated with over-constraining the artifact.

Abstract: A transmitting device, preferably containing at least two laser diodes and a scanning mirror, which is deflectable about its center (MP) and is arranged in a housing with a transparent cover element. The cover element is formed, at least in a coupling-out region, by a section of a monocentric hemispherical shell (HK) with a center of curvature (K) and is arranged to cover the scanning mirror in such a way that the center of curvature (K) of the hemispherical shell (HK) and the center (MP) of the scanning mirror coincide, and is formed in a coupling-in region by an optical block, comprising a toroidal entrance surface, in the special form of a cylindrical surface, at least one toroidal exit surface and at least two first mirror surfaces arranged between them, for deflecting and pre-collimating the laser beams.

Abstract: An electromagnetic wave detection apparatus (10) includes a detector (18), a switching unit (16), and a controller (14). The detector (18) detects electromagnetic waves. The switching unit (16) includes a plurality of switching elements (19). The switching elements (19) are capable of switching between a first state and a second state. In the first state, the switching elements (19) propagate incident electromagnetic waves in a first direction (d1). In the second state, the switching elements (19) propagate incident electromagnetic waves in a second direction (d2). The controller (14) can control switching to the first state and the second state for each switching element (19). The controller (14) switches only a particular switching element (19), among the plurality of switching elements (19), to the first state.

Abstract: A partition plate includes a material that blocks transmission of light and partitions an internal space of an enclosure into a light-projecting space where a light projector is disposed and a light-receiving space where a light receiver is disposed. A light shielding plate is configured by a material that blocks transmission of light, is provided between a light-projecting deflector, which is a portion of a deflecting mirror used for light projection, and a light-receiving deflector, which is a portion of the deflecting mirror used for light reception, and integrally rotates with the deflecting mirror. Further, the partition plate has, with respect to at least a part of a peripheral portion of the light shielding plate, an overlap portion where a plate surface of the partition plate and a plate surface of the light shielding plate overlap without being in contact with each other.

Abstract: A transmitting device, containing an emitting device (1) and a scanning mirror (2), which is deflectable about its center (MP) and is arranged in a housing (3) with a transparent cover element (4). The cover element (4) is formed, at least in a coupling-out region (4.2), by a section of a monocentric hemispherical shell (HK) with a center of curvature (K) and is arranged to cover the scanning mirror (2) in such a way that the center of curvature (K) of the hemispherical shell (HK) and the center (MP) of the scanning mirror (2) coincide.

Abstract: A scanning-system including transmit/receive paths, a transmitter, a receiver and a rotating-scanning-device. The transmitter emits radiation which propagates along an optical-axis on the transmit-path. The radiation from the target-object is detected by the receiver on the receive-path. The rotating-scanning-device includes an optical-system and a rotating-deflection-unit, which deflects the radiation of the transmit/receive paths. The optical-system includes a first-focusing-unit and a rotating-second-focusing-unit. The movements of the rotating-deflection-unit and the rotating-second-focusing-unit occur synchronously to ensure an alignment of the deflected radiation with the second-focusing-unit. The first-focusing-unit reproduces the radiation emitted by the transmitter on the rotating-deflection-unit so that the beam-diameter on the rotating-deflection-unit is reduced.

Abstract: A scanner and a method for controlling the scanner for a Lidar system are provided. The method comprises: producing a trigger signal by a positional sensor of the scanner; generating a single drive signal comprising a first component at a first frequency and a second component at a second frequency, the first component and the second component are superposed with a fixed phase relationship with aid of the trigger signal; transmitting the single drive signal to the scanner, and the scanner has resonant responses at the first frequency; and actuating the scanner to move in a first periodic motion at the first frequency about a first axis, and move in a second periodic motion at the second frequency about a second axis.

Abstract: Various implementations disclosed herein include a distance measuring unit for signal transition time-based measurement of a distance to an object located in a detection field, with an emitter unit with multiple emitters, each designed to emit pulses in the form of electromagnetic radiation, a receiver unit for receiving the electromagnetic radiation after a distance-dependent transition time, and a tiltable mirror, wherein the distance measuring unit is configured such that a first of the emitters emits multiple pulses sequentially via the mirror, including at a first time in a first solid angle segment in a first angular position of the mirror, and at a second time in a second solid angle segment in a second angular position of the mirror; and a second of the emitters also emits a pulse in at least one of the solid angle segments via the mirror.

Abstract: A scanner has a rotational axis and reflection surfaces. The scanner rotates the reflection surfaces about the rotational axis. The reflection surfaces are parallel to a direction of the rotational axis. The scanner changes a direction of each of the light beams transmitted from the phototransmitter and incident on the scanner to thereby output changed light beams in a main scanning direction that is orthogonal to the direction of the rotational axis. The scanner reflects light beams arriving from a target object based on reflection of the changed light beams to thereby cause the light beams to be directed toward the receiver. The first and second light sources are arranged such that the optical axis of at least one of the light beams transmitted from the first and second light sources is obliquely inclined with respect to a reference plane that is orthogonal to the rotational axis.

Abstract: An electronic apparatus has a light receiver configured to receive a reception light including a reflected pulse provided by a reflection of an emitted pulse on an object, wherein the reception light is received during at least a first time and a second time, and the second time is earlier than the first time, a memory configured to store a digital signal representing a part of information on the reception light received during the second time, and processing circuitry configured to measure a distance to the object based on a difference between emission timing of the emitted pulse and reception timing of the reflected pulse by using the information on the reception light received during the first time and the part of information on the reception light received during the second time.

Abstract: A sensor apparatus includes a cylindrical sensor window defining an axis oriented vertically, at least one air nozzle positioned below the sensor window and aimed upward, and a cap positioned above the sensor window and including a topside and an underside. The topside and the underside are disposed radially outward from the sensor window. The underside includes a first groove having a cross-section elongated circumferentially around the axis, and the cross-section of the first groove curves from a lower end upwardly and outwardly to an upper end.

Abstract: A device which is designed to detect surroundings and which includes a housing and a sensor situated within the housing. The housing includes a transmitter/receiver window, through which the corresponding sensor signals may be emitted into the surroundings by the sensor, and/or sensor signals from the surroundings may be received. The device includes a cover, the cover being designed to be transparent to the sensor signals, and the cover being designed to cover the transmitter/receiver window against exterior surroundings of the device. The device includes a cleaning unit, which is situated at an outside of the housing and is movable relative to the housing using a drive unit. The cleaning unit is designed to remove contaminants from the cover. The cleaning unit includes at least one first nozzle to spray a cleaning liquid onto the cover, and at least one second nozzle to blow a gas onto the cover.

Abstract: An optoelectronic sensor for determining the distance of an object in a monitoring area has a light transmitter for transmitting transmitted light, a light receiver for generating a received signal from remitted light remitted by the object, and a control and evaluation unit configured to modulate the transmitted light with at least a first frequency and a second frequency, to determine a phase offset between transmitted light and remitted light for the first frequency and the second frequency, and to determine a light time of flight. The control and evaluation unit is configured to determine a first amplitude and a second amplitude for the first frequency and the second frequency from the received signal and to detect whether the transmitted light impinges on an edge in the monitoring area on the basis of an evaluation of the first amplitude and the second amplitude.

Abstract: Provided herein is a system and method for determining whether a sensor is calibrated and error handling of an uncalibrated sensor. The system comprises a sensor system comprising a sensor and an analysis engine configured to determine whether the sensor is uncalibrated. The system further comprises an error handling system configured to perform an error handling in response to the sensor system determining that the sensor is uncalibrated. The method comprises determining, by a sensor system, whether the sensor is uncalibrated, and performing, by an error handling system, an error handling in response to the sensor system determining that the sensor is uncalibrated.

Abstract: Provided herein is a system and method for calibrating sensors. The system comprises a sensor to capture first data, an analysis engine to determine whether the sensor is to be calibrated, and a communication engine to transmit the first data from the sensor to the analysis engine and transmit information to an error handling module that the sensor is to be calibrated, in response to a determination that the sensor is to be calibrated. The determining is based on a result from a first validation of the first data, which is based on a known parameter of the sensor or historical data.

Abstract: An apparatus or an add-on module for a, in particular mobile, device, is disclosed. In an embodiment, the device to be localized or the add-on module uses a measuring unit to measure, via suitable sensors, a local electromagnetic field distribution generated by a given infrastructure. An instantaneous position of the add-on module or of the device equipped therewith is then determined by comparing the measured field distribution with a specified map. In order to facilitate tracking of the add-on module or of the device, the measured field distribution and/or the determined position can be sent via a wireless data connection to a server unit.

Abstract: A pallet safety system includes one or more of a pallet bed monitoring system, a pallet height monitoring system, and a pallet interface monitoring system, each of which provide an emitter and a detector. The safety system may be configured to be retrofit to an existing pallet system and is enabled to monitor the presence of unwanted obstructions at various regions proximate to the pallet bed opening, including a plane region above and parallel to the pallet beds, a region proximate to an interface between the pallet system and a material processing system, and a region between an upper and lower pallet.

Abstract: A radar system having a vehicle assist function with a field of view higher than 160 degrees is provided. The radar system includes antenna boards and a processing unit. The antenna board includes multiple antennas disposed thereon and transmitting a detection signal to detect an obstacle outside the vehicle, and then receiving a reflected signal, generated by the detection signal reflected by the obstacle. Therefore, the single radar system is enough for the vehicle assist function, and the transmitting and receiving antennas are disposed on the antenna board. The processing unit can directly analyze the reflected signal to determine a distance between the obstacle and the vehicle, and perform different vehicle assist functions having different warning distances, and when the distance between the obstacle and the vehicle is lower than one of the warning distances, the processing unit outputs a warning message to warn a driver.

Abstract: A vehicle, radar system of a vehicle and method of extending a range of the radar system. The radar system includes a transmitter antenna, a receiver antenna and a processor. The transmitter antenna transmits a reference signal. The receiver antenna receives an echo signal in response to reflection of the reference signal from an object located at a distance outside of the range limit of the radar system, wherein the range limit indicating a frequency sampling range. The processor generates a frequency peak for the object from the received echo signal, wherein the frequency peak lies outside of the frequency sampling range, shifts the frequency peak to within the frequency sampling range, and determines a range of the object using the frequency-shifted peak.

Abstract: A signal processing device includes: an acquisition unit configured to acquire phase information of a reception signal of each of plural virtual antennas generated based on a combination of plural transmission antennas and plural reception antennas; a first calculation unit configured to calculate, based on the phase information, at least one first phase difference between the plural transmission antennas in an outward path along which a transmission wave transmitted from the plural transmission antenna reaches a target; a second calculation unit configured to calculate, based on the phase information, at least one second phase difference between the plural reception antennas in a return path along which a reflected wave reflected by the target reaches the plural reception antennas; and a determination unit configured to determine, based on the first phase difference and the second phase difference, whether the outward path and the return path match each other.

Abstract: Techniques and apparatuses are described that implement a smart-device-based radar system capable of performing angular estimation using machine learning. In particular, a radar system 102 includes an angle-estimation module 504 that employs machine learning to estimate an angular position of one or more objects (e.g., users). By analyzing an irregular shape of the radar system 102's spatial response across a wide field of view, the angle-estimation module 504 can resolve angular ambiguities that may be present based on the angle to the object or based on a design of the radar system 102 to correctly identify the angular position of the object. Using machine-learning techniques, the radar system 102 can achieve a high probability of detection and a low false-alarm rate for a variety of different antenna element spacings and frequencies.

Abstract: Techniques and apparatuses are described that enable radar attenuation mitigation. To improve radar performance, characteristics of an attenuator and/or properties of a radar signal are determined to reduce attenuation of the radar signal due to the attenuator and enable a radar system to detect a target located on an opposite side of the attenuator. These techniques are beneficial in situations in which the attenuator is unavoidably located between the radar system and a target, either due to integration within other electronic devices or due to an operating environment. These techniques save power and cost by reducing the attenuation without increasing transmit power or changing material properties of the attenuator.

Abstract: A method and apparatus a first network entity in a wireless communication system supporting ranging capability is provided. The method and apparatus comprises: identifying, in a ranging block, one or more ranging rounds to transmit a ranging control message (RCM) with a multiple message receipt confirmation request (MMRCR) for a transmission of at least one first message comprising at least one of a set of ranging messages or a set of ranging ancillary data messages; transmitting, to a second network entity, the RCM with the MMRCR; transmitting, to the second network entity, ranging ancillary data in at least one ranging round of one or more ranging rounds following the RCM, wherein the ranging ancillary data is associated with the MMRCR; and receiving, from the second network entity, a ranging multiple message receipt confirmation (RMMRC) corresponding to the transmission of the at least one first message.

Abstract: The vehicle mounted perception sensor gathers environment perception data from a scene using first and second heterogeneous (different modality) sensors, at least one of the heterogeneous sensors is directable to a predetermined region of interest. A perception processor receives the environment percpetion data and performs object recognition to identify objects each with a computed confidence score. The processor assesses the confidence score vis-à-vis a predetermined threshold, and based on that assessment, generates an attention signal to redirect the one of the heterogeneous sensors to a region of interest identified by the other heterogeneous sensor. In this way information from one sensor primes the other sensor to increase accuracy and provide deeper knowledge about the scene and thus do a better job of object tracking in vehicular applications.

Abstract: A method for determining surface characteristics is disclosed. The method may include transmitting a surface penetrating radar (SPR) signal towards a surface from a SPR system. The method may also include receiving a response signal at the SPR system. The response signal may include, at least in part, a reflection of the SPR signal from a surface region associated with the surface. The method may further include measuring at least one of an intensity and a phase of the response signal. The method my additionally include determining, based at least in part on the at least one of the intensity and the phase of the response signal, a surface characteristic of the surface.

Abstract: Systems and methods according to one or more embodiments are provided for registration of synthetic aperture range profile data to aid in SAR-based navigation. In one example, a SAR-based navigation system includes a memory comprising a plurality of executable instructions. The SAR-based navigation system further includes a processor adapted to receive range profile data associated with observed views of a scene, compare the range profile data to a template range profile data of the scene, and estimate registration parameters associated with the range profile data relative to the template range profile data to determine a deviation from the template range profile data.

Abstract: In an embodiment, a method includes separating a heterogeneous radio-frequency (RF) signal, received at multiple antennas, into multiple homogenous signals. The multiple antennas have a known positional arrangement. The method further includes estimating a location relative to the known positional arrangement of the antennas of an object producing the RF signal based on phase and amplitude of each homogeneous signal as received at each of the plurality of antennas. The location can further be estimated over multiple time steps, such that velocity and acceleration can be accelerated from the estimated locations.

Abstract: In a method of operating a two-dimensional array of ultrasonic transducers, a plurality of array positions comprising pluralities of ultrasonic transducers of the two-dimensional array of ultrasonic transducers is defined, the plurality of array positions each comprising a portion of ultrasonic transducers of the two dimensional array of ultrasonic transducers. For each array position of the plurality of array positions, a plurality of ultrasonic transducers associated with the respective array position are activated. The activation includes transmitting ultrasonic signals from a first group of ultrasonic transducers of the plurality of ultrasonic transducers, wherein at least some ultrasonic transducers of the first group of ultrasonic transducers are phase delayed with respect to other ultrasonic transducers of the first group of ultrasonic transducers, the first group of ultrasonic transducers for forming a focused ultrasonic beam.

Abstract: This method includes emitting, by an emitter at an emitting depth, moved along an axis, at least one incident sound wave at an emitting frequency, receiving a first sound wave reflected by a first reflective object at a first depth and a second sound wave reflected by a second reflective object at a second depth, greater than the first depth, providing a first velocity at the first depth, and determining a second velocity of the sound waves at the second depth, from the frequencies of the first and second reflected sound waves, the emitting frequency and the first velocity.