Abstract: For increasing the speed in 3D printing, for avoiding the conveying elements slipping from the conveyed semi-finished product, and for improving the transmission of force from the conveying elements to the semi-finished products to be conveyed, a conveying installation is provided for an additive manufacturing machine. The conveying installation for conveying a semi-finished product comprises a longitudinal conveying mechanism which by means of a periodic movement of at least one conveying element conveys the semi-finished product along a conveying direction which is parallel to the semi-finished product longitudinal axis. The conveying element when moving in the conveying direction acquires the semi-finished product, and when moving counter to the conveying direction is released from the semi-finished product. This results in a movement of the semi-finished product in the conveying direction.

Abstract: A conveying installation by way of which the 3D printing rate can be increased and the reliability of transporting a semi-finished product to be processed in an additive manufacturing machine can be improved.

Abstract: A three-dimensional printing system includes a build plate, a carriage, a housing assembly covering the carriage, and a printhead. The build plate includes a lateral print area having a length along an X-axis and a width along a Y-axis. The carriage has a major axis along the Y-axis that spans the width of the lateral print area. The printhead is mechanically, fluidically, and electrically coupled to the carriage. The printhead includes a printhead housing that cooperates with the housing assembly to separate a print zone containing the lateral print area from connected internal components of the printhead and the carriage. The carriage is configured to scan along the X-axis and the printhead is configured to scan along the Y-axis supported by the carriage to address the entire lateral print area.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure are drawn to an additive manufacturing system, which may include a nozzle having an inlet for receiving a flowable material and an outlet for depositing the flowable material. An applicator head may surround at least a portion of a proximal region of the nozzle. The applicator head may include a housing, a cooling inlet for receiving a coolant into the housing, a cooling outlet configured to allow the coolant to exit the housing, and an air inlet. A roller may be mounted on the applicator head to one side of the outlet of the nozzle. The roller may include an air outlet, wherein a flow path connects the air inlet and the air outlet so that air enters the air inlet and exits the air outlet. The roller may also include a plurality of holes located on an external surface of the roller.

Abstract: The invention relates to a disposable 3D printer cartridge for inserting into an exposure device for producing an object which is constructed in additive layers, wherein the cartridge contains at least one polymerizable liquid, or a polymerizable liquid can be filled into the cartridge. The cartridge comprises: a first lower housing part, a second upper housing part which can be removed from the first housing part, a support platform which forms the lower face of the second housing part, the object constructed in additive layers being arrangeable on the exterior of the support platform during the construction of the object, and a construction element which corresponds to the base of the first housing part. The layers of the object can be polymerized on the inner face of the construction element, and the inner face of the construction element has a non-stick coating.

Abstract: A method of changing the gas content of a device (100) which comprises a first chamber (110). The method comprises: arranging the device in a first configuration, wherein the first chamber has a first internal volume; providing a flow of a first gas to the first chamber so that the gas content of the first chamber is at least partially changed; transitioning the device from the first configuration to a second configuration, wherein the first chamber has a second internal volume which is grater than the first internal volume.

Abstract: A method for autonomously generating an end effector for interfacing with a part at a manufacturing station includes: accessing a virtual model of an assembly and the part; based on the virtual model, identifying a set of unobstructed surfaces on the part when located in the assembly; selecting a target surface, from the set of unobstructed surfaces, on the part; calculating a virtual interaction surface spanning the target surface on the part defined in the virtual model; locating a virtual end effector base geometry relative to the virtual interaction surface; generating a virtual intermediate structure extending between the virtual interaction surface and the virtual base structure; compiling the virtual interaction surface, the virtual intermediate structure, and the virtual end effector base geometry into a three-dimensional end effector model; and queuing the three-dimensional end effector model for additive manufacturing to form the end effector for installation on a robotic arm.

Abstract: A technical solution for determining and applying a correction layer to a three dimensional (3D) object undergoing a 3D printing process is described. The system can include an emitter device, a receiver device, and a 3D printer device. The emitter can illuminate a surface portion of an object, and a receiver device can receive a light input reflected from the surface portion of the object. The 3D printer device can create a profile for the surface portion of the object using an angle of incidence and an image received from the receiver device, and determine a difference between the profile and the specification of the object. The 3D printer device can generate instructions to apply a correction layer using the difference between the specification and the profile of the surface of the object.

Abstract: A temperature controlled dispensing tool includes a mount and a temperature controlled module coupled to the mount. The temperature controlled module may include a barrel housing, a barrel insert, one or more heating element, one or more cooling element, one or more temperature sensors, and a control unit. The barrel insert is removably insertable into the barrel housing and configured to receive a material barrel. The one or more heating elements and the one or more cooling elements are in thermal communication with the barrel insert. The control unit is configured to determine a temperature of the temperature controlled module based on the signal of the one or more temperature sensors, and selectively operate the one or more heating elements and the one or more cooling elements thereby controlling a temperature of the temperature controlled module.

Abstract: Examples of the present disclosure relate to a method for processing three dimensional (3D) models. The method comprises categorizing the 3D models into geometrical characteristic categories, creating a geometrical template corresponding to each category, determining a label placement for each geometrical template, assigning a label to each 3D model based on the determined label placement and assigning a packing position to the 3D models based on their corresponding template. The method is such that some categories comprise more than one 3D model.

Abstract: Method for manufacturing a 3D electromechanical component, having at least one embedded electrical conductor, comprising the steps consisting in: implementing an additive manufacturing operation for building an electrically conductive skeleton of the 3D electromechanical component including a structural hull and at least one conductive wire at least partially located inside the structural hull and having first and second ends, at least one of which is mechanically linked to the structural hull; filling the structural hull with an insulating material provided in a state in which it exhibits liquid-like behaviour; implementing a solidification step to provide a solid-like behaviour of the insulating material, the latter thus embedding at least partially an electrical conductor.

Abstract: A friction pad (12) for inhibiting movement of a device (10) relative to an engagement surface (16) includes a pad body (18) and an adhesive material (232). The pad body (18) has a first body surface (20) and an opposed second body surface (22). The first body surface (20) is configured to be coupled to an outer surface (14) of the device (10). The second body surface (22) is configured to engage the engagement surface (16). The pad body (18) is formed at least in part from a body material (18A) including high-density polyethylene. The second body surface (22) of the pad body (18) has a static coefficient of friction of at least approximately 1.0. The second body surface (22) includes a plurality of spaced apart surface features (234), each of the plurality of surface features (234) having a feature height (358) of between approximately 0.15 millimeters and 1.00 millimeters.

Abstract: In various embodiments, a hot melt device comprising a heating device that is automatically or manually triggered is configured so as to have its melt surface applied bringing a thermoplastic material in its solid form into contact with a surface via mechanical extrusion; using a heater to heat the thermoplastic material to a temperature above a melting temperature of the thermoplastic material while maintaining the contact of the thermoplastic material with the surface; allowing the heated thermoplastic material to cool to a temperature that is below the thermoplastic material's melting temperature; and allowing the heated thermoplastic material to bond the hot melt apparatus to the contacted surface without a solvent or use of a curing chemical reaction when the heated thermoplastic material is cooled to below the thermoplastic material's melting temperature while remaining connected to the structural body.

Abstract: This invention relates to an assembly of regions (10a, 10b) of composite parts (2a, 2b) with thermoplastic matrix, including a plurality of riveting points along regions (10a, 10) of the parts that overlap through the superposition of two faces (12a, 12b) of these regions (10a, 10b) which are positioned facing one another, each region (10a, 10b) having another, opposite, face (11a, 11b) which remains visible with the part (2a, 2b). The riveting is performed using assembly ties (6) made of thermoplastic resin-based composite material compatible with the material of the parts (2a, 2b). These ties (6), which are made up at least in part of a stitch of backstitch produced using a filament of a material selected from a fiber coated with aramid resin, a carbon fiber and a glass fiber, are embedded in said regions (10a, 10b) and passing right through the same with an orientation comprised between 30° and 90° with respect to their faces (11a, 11b; 12a, 12b).

Abstract: Composite fabrication system and associated methods. In one embodiment, a composite fabrication system comprises a molding tool that includes a forming surface at least partially disposed within a constrained space, and a foamable material that expands inside of the constrained space to form an expanded material that presses a layup of one or more composite layers against the molding tool. The composite fabrication system further comprises a curing device configured to cure the layup to form a composite part, and a cutting wire embedded in the constrained space that is heated and configured to cut the expanded material into pieces that are removable from the constrained space.

Abstract: A process for the production of composite materials at low temperatures, as well as a composite material obtained by the process and articles of manufacture comprising the composite material are provided.

Abstract: A method useful for forming a composite part having regions in which fibers align with the principle stress vectors as well as regions having a randomized fiber alignment. To form the randomized fiber alignment, a preform cavity is formed in a preform arrangement, and the preform arrangement is molded in accordance with compression molding protocols to form a part.

Abstract: A system for manufacturing a composite assembly includes a first mandrel, a second mandrel, a first wrap plate, and a second wrap plate. The first wrap plate and the second wrap plate are positionable in side-by-side relation for receiving a wrap material stack. The first wrap plate and/or the second wrap plate are translatable to a wrap plate open position defining a wrap plate gap between the first and second wrap plate surface edge for receiving a bladder. The second mandrel is translatable to a mandrel open position defining a mandrel gap between the first and second mandrel surface edge. The wrap plate gap and the mandrel gap are configured to receive the wrap material stack formed around a bladder. The first and second wrap plate are configured to fold a first and second material stack base portion into overlapping relation with each other on the bladder top.

Abstract: Methods, apparatuses and systems are disclosed for making and applying composite material rework parts to rework composite substrates by partially forming a composite material rework part before staging the rework part onto the composite substrate. An approximate geometry is imparted to the partially formed rework part, with the final composite material rework part geometry imparted by the composite substrates requiring rework, as the rework part is finally shaped and cured in situ on the composite substrate.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a composite rim includes following steps of: disposing a composite material on an outer surface of an air bag to form a semi-formed rim, wherein the air bag is a completely closed annular tube without any through opening on the outer surface and contains a thermal expansion material thereinside; disposing the semi-formed rim in a mold; and heating the thermal expansion material so that the thermal expansion material expands and inflates the air bag and the semi-formed rim is then solidified.

Abstract: A die assembly for forming a composite gap filler, including a first die having a first portion which extends along a first central axis of the first die and has a first curved surface which has a radius which changes as the first curved surface extends about the first central axis. A second die a second portion which extends along a second central axis of the second die and has a second curved surface which has a radius which changes as the second curved surface extends about the second central axis. A third die defines a third wall member which extends about the third die and which changes in width dimension wherein with the first die abutting the second die and with the third wall member abutting the first and second dies, a closed gap is formed.

Abstract: A method of repairing a composite structure includes providing an assembled composite structure comprising a substantially rigid outer component, wherein the composite structure comprises a void space at least partially bounded by the outer component. The method further includes forming an injection hole through the outer component to provide a path between the void space and space external to the composite structure. The method further includes injecting foam into the void space through the injection hole while the foam is in a substantially unexpanded state and expanding the foam within the void space.

Abstract: A method for dispensing temperature-automotive body sealant includes providing a dispensing system having a pump operable to pump the sealant and a manifold receiving the sealant and operable to temperature-adjust the sealant has an elongated central body and elongated passages extending from the first end to the second end. First and second end caps are detachably connected to ends of the central body. A thermal unit is in thermal communication with the elongated central body and operable to heat or cool the elongated central body. A dispenser is in fluid communication with the manifold and operable to dispense the temperature-adjusted sealant. Sealant is pumped through the manifold and heated or cooled so as to provide a temperature-adjusted sealant. The temperature-adjusted sealant is dispensed from the dispenser.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method for printing a micro-scaled or nano-scaled XUV and/or X-ray Diffractive optic (1), including the following steps: a) providing a material (2) with a first component (2a) being photo-sensitive and being polymerizable by two-photon-absorption, b) providing data (3) of a desired geometrical structure (4) of the optic (1) and creating at least one trajectory (8) corresponding to the data (3) of the desired structure (4) of the optic (1), c) providing a high-intensity energy beam (5), in particular a laser beam, wherein the beam (5) comprises a focus (F) having a position being adjustable to a plurality of positions (F1, F2, <, Fp) being coincident with the at least one trajectory (8), d) polymerization of the material (2) by two-photon-absorption at a first position (Fn) of the focus (F), thereby creating a first voxel (vn1n2n3) of the structure (4) of the optic (1), adjusting the position of the focus (F) from the first position (Fn) to a subsequent position (Fn+1

Abstract: The invention relates to a device (12) for mixing/dosing liquid coating materials, in particular for use in a coating system (10) for spectacle lenses, said device having at least a first and a second storage container (14-24) for liquid starting materials, a conveying device (26) for sucking in and expelling liquids, a mixing container (28), and a liquid outlet (30) for mixed/dosed liquid coating materials. In between there is a multi-way valve (32), which can be switched into different valve positions and is constructed to produce one of the following connections (a, b, c, d) and in the process to disconnect the other connections: (a) connection between the first storage container and the conveying device, (b) connection between the second storage container and the conveying device, (c) connection between the conveying device and the mixing container, and (d) connection between the conveying device and the liquid outlet.

Abstract: A plant for building tyres for vehicle wheels, comprises a sleeve building area (A) in which devices for obtaining carcass sleeves (12) operate, a crown building area (B) in which devices for obtaining crown structures (7) operate and a shaping station (14) for shaping each carcass sleeve (12) according to a toroidal configuration. Transfer devices (19) for transferring the carcass sleeves (12) from the sleeve building area (A) to the shaping station (14), by means of a first translator (20) configured for picking up each carcass sleeve (12) from an outlet station (D) of the sleeve building area (A), a second translator (21) configured for releasing each carcass sleeve (12) in the shaping station (14), and a storage device (22) operatively interposed between said first translator (20) and second translator (21).

Abstract: A method for forming a composite apex, the method comprising the steps of: forming a coextruded strip of a first compound and a second compound, wherein the second compound is a compound different than the first compound, wherein the apex is formed from winding the coextruded strip while varying the ratio of the first compound to the second compound.

Abstract: A cardboard box dividing device includes lower conveyors on which a plurality of connected cardboard box bodies are stacked and transported; a pressing device pressing, from above, the plurality of connected cardboard box bodies stacked on the lower conveyors; a cutting blade disposed along a width direction of the connected cardboard box body and dividing the plurality of connected cardboard box bodies stacked on the lower conveyors into a front part and a rear part; a lifting/lowering device relatively moving the plurality of connected cardboard box bodies on the lower conveyors and the cutting blade along an up-down direction; and a control device controlling the pressing device based on a lifting/lowering height of a loading upper conveyor at a time when a pressing reaction force at a time when the loading upper conveyor presses the plurality of stacked connected cardboard box bodies reaches a preset reference pressing reaction force.

Abstract: A cardboard box dividing device and a cardboard box production device are provided with: lower conveyors on which a plurality of connected cardboard box bodies are stacked and transported; a pressing device pressing the plurality of connected cardboard box bodies stacked on the lower conveyors from above; a cutting knife disposed along a width direction of the connected cardboard box bodies and dividing the plurality of connected cardboard box bodies stacked on the lower conveyors into a front part and a rear part; and a lifting/lowering device lifting and lowering the lower conveyors and the pressing device.

Abstract: It comprises a first stage wherein some supply means supply some bags (1) to be checked, characterized in that it comprises a second stage wherein the first visual inspection means or cameras (2) check according to a pre-established template if the bottom of the bag (1) is within said parameters, accepting it if it observes them and sending it to the third stage or rejecting it if it does not observe them, and a third stage wherein some packaging means (8) package those accepted bags (1).

Abstract: An incision station for making a plurality of weaknesses respectively on a plurality of portions of a web, for producing a plurality of packages each of which including a supporting sheet corresponding to a respective portion of the portions and an opening system corresponding to the weakness made on the respective portion, which makes it possible to increase the precision in obtaining the opening system of each package and to increase the productivity of the packaging machine in which the above-mentioned station operates. This invention also relates to a packaging machine which includes the incision station and a incision method for making the above-mentioned plurality of weaknesses, in such a way as to achieve the above-mentioned aims.

Abstract: A label web including a substrate is provided. The label web includes a first label removably affixed to a first side of the substrate. The first label is fabricated from a first material. A second label is removably affixed to the first side of the substrate adjacent to the first label in a side-by-side relationship. The second label is fabricated from a second material which differs from the first material. The first labels may be utilized to print desired information thereon and the second labels may fabricated from a transparent, protective material coating which may positioned on the first labels to discourage damage to the first labels from exposure to water or handling when the first labels are affixed to corresponding products.

Abstract: Certain configurations of composite panels are described that comprise at least one aesthetic edge. In some embodiments, the composite panel with the aesthetic edge comprises a sandwich panel coupled to a shell layer. The sandwich panel may comprise skin layers and a core layer.

Abstract: A honeycomb panel 1 includes: a honeycomb core 10 having a front surface 10A and a rear surface 10B; and a first plate member 11 provided on the front surface 10A of the honeycomb core 10; a first flange part 111 projecting inside a cell 10S is provided on an end edge of trapezoidal portions 101, 102 of one or more core strips 100 forming the honeycomb core 10, the end edge being positioned on the side of the first plate member 11. The first plate member 11 has one or more through-holes 121 overlapped with the first flange part 111, and is joined to the honeycomb core 10 by welding an outer surface of the first flange part 111, which faces outside through the through-hole 121, and an inner circumferential surface of the through-hole 121.

Abstract: Provided is a technique for forming a honeycomb sandwich composite material which is easy and can be automated. The honeycomb sandwich composite material 30 comprises a honeycomb core 20, an FRP lower portion, and an FRP upper portion. A first prepreg sheet laminate 21 serves as the FRP upper portion. A second prepreg sheet laminate 22 serves as the FRP lower portion. A jig 10 having a concave 11 corresponding to the upside-down shape of the honeycomb 20 is used in the shaping step and the curing step. The laminate 21 is shaped so as to correspond to the concave 11 by a hot drape device (S15), the honeycomb core is disposed upside-down (S16), and the laminate 22 is placed thereon (S17). Without removing the mold, curing is effected by an autoclave device, the mold is removed after curing, and the composite material is turned upside-down.

Abstract: An expansion-molded article that can be firmly heat-fused with another member is provided. The expansion-molded article is one that may be heat-fused with another member, where the expansion-molded article includes at least one protrusion which is formed on at least one surface of the expansion-molded article including at least one surface is to be heat-fused with the another member. The at least one protrusion comprises at least two surfaces as viewed from above, and a boundary line between the at least two surfaces, where the at least one boundary line intersects a direction from an outside of the at least one protrusion toward a center of an apex of the at least one protrusion.

Abstract: Provided is a composite material for vehicles capable of substantially preventing the occurrence of wrinkles caused by ease stitching. This composite material for vehicles is a layered product of a skin material and a polyurethane foam sheet. The skin material has a play structure which, when the composite material for vehicles is stitched, allows the skin material to follow deformation caused by the stitching with a smooth state of a surface of the skin material maintained. The skin material is a woven fabric including warp yarns and weft yarns. The warp yarns and/or the weft yarns include two or more types of yarns having different total finenesses, and form the play structure.

Abstract: The application relates to a fire-resistant textile composite having an upper surface and a lower surface. The composite contains a nonwoven layer and a knit layer. The nonwoven layer has a first and second side and contains a nonwoven textile. The nonwoven textile contains a plurality of first fire-resistant fibers, where the first fire-resistant fibers are non-thermoplastic. The nonwoven layer forms the lower surface of the textile composite. The knit layer contains a knit textile having a first and second side and the second side of the knit layer is adjacent to the first side of the nonwoven layer. The knit textile contains a plurality of second fire-resistant yarns, where the second fire-resistant yarns are non-thermoplastic. At least a portion of the first fire-resistant fibers from the nonwoven layer extend through the first side of the knit layer and form the upper surface of the textile composite.

Abstract: A fiber-reinforced thermoplastic resin forming material contains reinforcing fiber bundles in a thermoplastic resin, wherein a first component (I) and a second component (II) are laminated in such a manner that the first component (I) is arranged in the surface of the forming material. The fiber-reinforced thermoplastic resin forming material has excellent mechanical properties and excellent formability into a complicated shape. The first component (I): a sheet-like material having a heat conductivity (?1) of 0.2 W/m·K or less; and the second component (II): a fiber-reinforced thermoplastic resin sheet-like material having a product (B2) of a density and a specific heat of 1.7×106 J/m3·K or more.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for manufacturing a nonwoven fabric having an air permeability of 2000 l/m2/s or less when measured at a pressure difference of 200 Pa according to EN ISO 9237, the method comprising the steps of: providing at least two sets of fibers, wherein a first fiber set comprises a significant level of splittable fibers and a second fiber set comprises a low level of splittable fibers or no splittable fibers; using the first fiber set to form at least one first fibrous web in a first web formation process and using the second fiber set to form at least one second fibrous web in a second web formation process; stacking the first and second webs so obtained to provide a multilayer web including two distinct layers of fibrous webs; and bonding the multilayer web. The invention further relates to a nonwoven fabric obtainable by such process and the use of such nonwoven fabric in acoustic isolation applications.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a carrier film for transferring a microelement, wherein, when a microelement is pressurized, a uniform pressurizing force is provided to the entire microelement, and a damage to the microelement can be prevented. The carrier film for transferring a microelement comprises: a load control layer having a first elastic modulus and having a space formed in a part of the interior thereof; and an adhesive layer having a second elastic modulus that is smaller than the first elastic modulus, the adhesive layer being provided on the upper portion of the load control layer and configured such that a microelement supposed to be transferred to a target substrate is attached thereto. The load control layer has a first zero-rigidity area that maintains a first stress in a first deformation range from a first strain to a second strain.

Abstract: A cutting method for an elastic membrane material and an elastic filament manufactured with the cutting method. The cutting method includes: preparing an elastic membrane material with flexibility; temporarily bonding the elastic membrane material with a cushion layer to form a semi-finished membrane material and supporting the elastic membrane material by the cushion layer; pulling the semi-finished membrane material continuously, and cutting the elastic membrane material into a plurality of filaments with a cutting device during the pulling process; and separating the cut filaments from the cushion layer, the separated filament being the elastic filament, and the elastic filament can be made into an elastic filament with functionality and special appearance. A fabric woven with the elastic filament has the effects of softness, close-fitting, excellent tactile impression and flexible.

Abstract: This invention relates to a washable multi-component floor mat. The floor mat contains a textile component and a base component. The textile component and the base component are attached to one another by at least one surface attraction means and at least one edge attachment means. The textile component is designed to be soiled, washed, and re-used, thereby providing ideal end-use applications in areas such as building entryways. The present invention eliminates the need to wash the base component of the floor mat which results in environmental, cost and labor conservation.

Abstract: Certain embodiments described herein are directed to security bin mats and security bins that include one more bioactive materials. In some embodiments, the security bin mats can be used with security bins in screening applications such as those used in airports, courthouses and other facilities. The security bin mats and security bins can be used to reduce spread of infections.

Abstract: A glass article including an ultra-thin glass layer and an optically transparent polymeric hard-coat layer having a pencil hardness of 8H or more bonded to the ultra-thin glass layer. The optically transparent polymer hard-coat layer may include an organic polymer material or an aliphatic or aromatic hexafunctional urethane acrylate. In some embodiments, the glass article may have an impact resistance defined by the capability of the glass article to avoid failure at a pen drop height that is 2 times or more than that of a control pen drop height of the ultra-thin glass layer without the optically transparent polymeric hard-coat layer, where the pen drop height and the control pen drop height are measured according to the Pen Drop Test. In some embodiments, the glass article may survive a bend radius of 5 mm or less.

Abstract: A radiative cooling device that can cool a cooling target appropriately with cost reduction of its light reflective layer. An infrared radiative layer for radiating infrared light from a radiative surface and a light reflective layer located on the opposite side of the presence side of the radiative surface of the infrared radiative layer are provided in a mutually stacked manner. The light reflective layer is arranged such that a first layer made of silver or silver alloy and a second layer made of aluminum or aluminum alloy are stacked, with the first layer being disposed on the side close to the infrared radiative layer.

Abstract: An object is to provide a coloring technique that makes it possible to impart luster while providing a vivid color, and further to provide a coloring technique that makes it possible to retain more unevenness when a substrate has unevenness. This object is achieved by a laminated sheet comprising a fiber substrate and a metalloid element-containing layer disposed on or above the surface of the fiber substrate.

Abstract: Composite materials include a steel matrix with structural aramid formed of individual fibers penetrating into the matrix at substantial depth. The fibers typically have defined diameters and large ratios of penetration depth to fiber diameter. Specified methods for forming the composite materials have a unique ability to achieve the large ratios of penetration depth to fiber diameter.

Abstract: An anti-fogging and anti-fouling laminate including: a substrate; a primer layer; and an anti-fogging and anti-fouling layer having a flat surface, wherein an average thickness of the primer layer is 0.5 ?m or more, the anti-fogging and anti-fouling layer has pencil hardness of 2H or harder, a coefficient of kinetic friction of 0.4 or less, and an average thickness of 20 ?m or more, the anti-fogging and anti-fouling layer is a cured product of an active energy ray curable resin composition, the active energy ray curable resin composition includes a hydrophilic monomer in a predetermined amount and a hydrophobic monomer in a predetermined amount, and the active energy ray curable resin composition further includes a UV absorber having no triazine structure and a radical scavenger having a pkb of 9.0 or less in predetermined amounts.

Abstract: Methods of manufacturing electrochromic windows are described. An electrochromic device is fabricated to substantially cover a glass sheet, for example float glass, and a cutting pattern is defined based on one or more low-defectivity areas in the device from which one or more electrochromic panes are cut. Laser scribes and/or bus bars may be added prior to cutting the panes or after. Edge deletion can also be performed prior to or after cutting the electrochromic panes from the glass sheet. Insulated glass units (IGUs) are fabricated from the electrochromic panes and optionally one or more of the panes of the IGU are strengthened.