Abstract: A sensor for use in a fluid flow application is provided. The sensor includes an inlet chamber configured to receive a fluid flow from a first conduit, an outlet chamber configured to provide the fluid flow to a second conduit, and a membrane separating the inlet chamber from the outlet chamber, the membrane including a fluid passage to allow the fluid flow from the inlet chamber to the outlet chamber. The sensor also includes a circuit component disposed on the membrane, having an electrical property configured to change according to a deformation of the membrane, and a conductor formed on a substrate and coupled with the circuit component, to provide an electrical signal based on a change in the electrical property of the circuit component. The membrane includes an epitaxial layer formed on the substrate. Methods for fabricating and using the above sensor are also presented.

Abstract: Provided is an arrangement for a semiconductor-based pressure sensor chip including: piezoresistive elements which are formed having an electrically doped channel in a layer arrangement in the region of a pressure membrane of a semiconductor substrate; an electrically conductive cover layer which is formed in the layer arrangement and is electrically insulated from the piezoresistive elements by an insulating layer; a bridge circuit of transistors, each of which are formed having one of the piezoresistive elements, wherein gate electrodes of the transistors are arranged in electrically doped layer regions in the electrically conductive cover layer, said layer regions being formed separately from one another; and a signal feedback, using which an output signal applied to the output of the bridge circuit is fed back in a signal-amplifying manner to one or more of the gate electrodes. Also provided is a pressure sensor chip.

Abstract: A pressure calibration apparatus and a pressure instrument calibration information processing method, belonging to the field of pressure instrument measurement and calibration. The pressure calibration apparatus comprises: a pressure calibration unit (1) externally connected to the calibrated pressure instrument (100); a main control unit (2), which is electrically connected to the pressure calibration unit (1); a communication module (3) that is electrically connected to the main control unit (2), and carries out data interaction with a remote database (300) through a network (200). The pressure calibration apparatus can be in a real-time communication connection with the remote database (300), and implements on-field real-time downloading of historical calibration data and calibration schemes of the calibrated pressure instrument (100) and real-time uploading of current calibration data.

Abstract: A controller (100, 100A) for easily evaluating validity of inertia is provided. A controller (100, 100A) includes: an electric motor (300); an actual operation acquisition unit (301) that acquires an actual operation of the electric motor (300); a model unit (108) that estimates an operation of the electric motor (300) from a current value applied to the electric motor (300) using a model including inertia of the electric motor (300) and a driven body (400) connected to the electric motor (300); an operation signal input unit (106) that applies an operation signal to a control loop of the electric motor (300) for a prescribed period; and an evaluation value calculation unit (111) that calculates an evaluation value for evaluating the inertia on the basis of a difference between an actual operation and an estimated operation in the application period of the operation signal.

Abstract: Methods for checking a connection between a compressed air outlet of a blood treatment apparatus and a pressure measuring line of an extracorporeal blood tubing set. The methods include providing a blood treatment apparatus having a compressed air line. A compressed air device is in fluid communication with the compressed air line for generating pressure within the compressed air line. A compressed air outlet is in fluid communication with both the compressed air line and an exterior of the blood treatment apparatus. The compressed air outlet is connectable with a pressure measuring line and a pressure sensor. The method also includes building up a pressure and an air flow in the compressed air line and/or at the compressed air outlet, measuring a pressure at the compressed air outlet or in the compressed air line, and evaluating an increase of the measured pressure.

Abstract: Systems and methods for monitoring the condition of structural systems such as bridges and roadbeds. The systems include a magnetometer mounted on a structural element of the structural system; and a magnet mounted on a surface adjacent the structural element so that the magnetometer is positioned within a magnetic field of the magnet. The magnetometer measures characteristics of the magnetic field of the magnet. Position of the structural element is determined from measured characteristics of the magnetic field and a predetermined relationship between the characteristics of the magnetic field and the position of the structural element within the magnetic field. The position information determines other parameters, such as the deflection of the structural element in three-dimensional space, and the response of the structural element to dynamic loading.

Abstract: An example test system includes a tray to hold devices, where the devices include devices to be tested or devices that have been tested; a motor that is controllable to cause vibrations; and a component that couples the motor to the tray to cause the tray to vibrate in response to the vibrations of the motor.

Abstract: A method implemented by computer means for determining at least one optical parameter of a lens of eyewear adapted for a person, the method comprising: —an image reception step, during which at least a first image and a second image are received, the first image comprising a front view of the face of the person with at least one part of an eye of the person being directly visible, and the second image comprising a front view of the face of the person with said part of the eye of the person being visible through at least part of the lens, and —an optical parameter determination step, during which at least one optical parameter of the lens is determined based on a comparison between said part on the first and the second image.

Abstract: An object is to provide a propagation property analyzing apparatus that can alleviate the influence of an error caused by crosstalk, and accurately evaluate a few-mode optical fiber that multiplexes a plurality of modes, in a distributional and non-destructive manner.

Abstract: A system for measuring a polarization extinction ratio (PER) using a reference master test jumper (MTJ) is disclosed. The system may include an optical source to transmit an optical signal via an optical fiber. The system may also include a device under test (DUT) communicatively coupled to the optical source via the optical fiber to receive the optical signal from the optical source. The system may also include an optical measurement component communicatively coupled to the device under test (DUT). In some examples, the optical fiber may be configured or initialized to be a reference master test jumper (MTJ) that minimizes inherent polarization extinction ratio (PER) of the optical fiber when measuring a polarization extinction ratio (PER) during a measurement action.

Abstract: A system for monitoring a component part of a top drive in real time comprises a top drive, one or more operating sensors coupled to the top drive, and an onboard processing transceiver coupled to the top drive and in communication with the operating sensors. The operating sensors are configured to measure operational data of the top drive during operation. The onboard processing transceiver is configured to determine a remaining life of the component part.

Abstract: A non-transitory computer readable medium with instructions stored thereon, the instructions executable by one or more processors for calculating base swirl in a gas turbine; and calculating relative swirl in the gas turbine. Also, a method for gas turbine maintenance, comprising identifying a combustor in need of repair or replacement within a gas turbine; and repairing or replacing the combustor; wherein said identifying comprises calculating base swirl of the gas turbine and calculating relative swirl of the gas turbine in order to associate a gas path from a thermocouple to the combustor in need of repair or replacement.

Abstract: Methods and systems for testing robotic systems in an environment blending both physical and virtual test environments are presented herein. A realistic, three dimensional physical environment for testing and evaluating a robotic system is augmented with simulated, virtual elements. In this manner, robotic systems, humans, and other machines dynamically interact with both real and virtual elements. In one aspect, a model of a physical test environment and a model of a virtual test environment are combined, and signals indicative of a state of the combined model are employed to control a robotic system. In a further aspect, a mobile robot present in a physical test environment is commanded to emulate movements of a virtual robot under control. In another further aspect, images of the virtual robot under control are projected onto the physical test environment to provide a visual representation of the presence and action taken by the virtual robot.

Abstract: A drive train bench system has two dynamometers that are connected in series to a specimen. The mechanical characteristics estimation method has: a first measurement step for measuring a response to a first excitation torque input signal when the first excitation torque input signal overlaps a first torque current command signal while a measurement control circuit controls the two dynamometers; a second measurement step for measuring a response to a second excitation torque input signal when the second excitation torque input signal overlaps a second torque current command signal while the measurement control circuit controls the two dynamometers; and a mechanical characteristics transfer function estimation step for using the results from the first and second measurement steps to estimate a mechanical characteristics transfer function.

Abstract: A vehicle testing device includes a safety fence for a front wheel of a test vehicle. The safety fence includes a fixed fence part and a slide fence part. The fixed fence part is structured to be disposed at a front side of the front wheel, and arranged substantially in parallel with the front wheel. The slide fence part is arranged in parallel with the fixed fence part, and structured to move toward a central part of the test vehicle.

Abstract: A tire dynamic load radius calculating device includes a tire rotation sensor, a drum rotation sensor, a drum rotation angle calculating unit, and a tire dynamic load radius calculating unit. The drum rotation angle calculating unit is configured to calculate a rotation angle of a drum per one rotation of a tire based on signals from the sensors. The tire dynamic load radius calculating unit is configured to calculate a dynamic load radius of the tire based on a formula (R=L/2?), using the rotation angle calculated by the drum rotation angle calculating unit. In this formula, R represents a dynamic load radius of the tire, and L represents a distance traveled by the tire per one rotation of the tire.

Abstract: Method of condition monitoring an industrial asset is described. The method involves collecting one or more of process variables associated with the industrial asset. Determining abnormal operating conditions for the one or more process variables. Providing a graphic monitoring of the industrial asset, wherein the graphic monitoring visually represents part or portion of the industrial asset operating in abnormal operating conditions.

Abstract: A method, a device, and a system of life estimation of a technical system including at least one material are disclosed. The method includes generating a coefficient distribution by determining a probability distribution of condition coefficients associated with the material. The condition coefficients include a stress-strain coefficient, a stress-life coefficient, and structure coefficients. The method also includes sampling the coefficient distribution at a high confidence region and a low confidence region. The life of the material is estimated based on the sampled high confidence region and the sampled low confidence region.

Abstract: Disclosed is a biological sample receiver (100) comprising: a planar substrate (10) for receiving a biological sample including a surface area (11) for accepting a biological sample; an envelope (25) substantially surrounding the substrate, said envelope including an opening (34) for facilitating the deposit of a biological sample onto said surface area (11); and a protective cover (40,50,60) formed around the envelope said protective cover including a closure panel (60) moveable at least to a first position where the opening (34) of the envelope is at least partially concealed, and to a second position where the opening (34) is exposed at least sufficiently to allow said deposit, the protective cover (40,50,60) being arranged further to allow the slidable separation of the envelope from the cover; the device being characterised in that said envelope and said cover are formed from a single sheet (15) of folded material.

Abstract: A sectioning apparatus (1) for sectioning frozen tissue specimens, the apparatus (1) comprising: a frame (2) comprising two opposing side walls (3a, 3b) extending in a longitudinal direction (L) of the apparatus (1); a blade unit (6) mounted between the side walls (3a, 3b) of the frame (2) in a transverse direction (T) of the apparatus (1); a clamping unit (7) integral with or fixed to each side wall (3a, 3b) of the frame (2) that is adapted to clamp one end of the blade unit (6); a specimen stage (8) for mounting a tissue specimen; a drive mechanism for providing relative movement between the specimen stage (8) and the blade unit (6) in use of the apparatus (1); wherein the clamping unit (7) has a dimension in the transverse direction (T) that is greater than a dimension of the side wall (3a,3b) of the frame (2) in the transverse direction (T).

Abstract: A method for collecting samples of one or more substrate can include the steps of: A) providing a sample collection tube having a first end and a second end, B) providing a cap pivotable about the first end and a footplate pivotable about the second end, C) biasing the cap and the footplate closed so that a watertight compartment can be established inside the tube; D) forcing the cap and the footplate open by attaching the cap and footplate to a releasable fastener, E) positioning the sample collection tube into the one or more substrate to collect the sample, followed by F) releasing the cap and footplate from the releasable fastener so that a watertight compartment is established inside the tube when the cap and the footplate are closed.

Abstract: An air sampling device is provided. The air sampling device has a housing with an air inlet and an air outlet, an air pump in gaseous communication with the air inlet and air outlet, and a carrier having a first face and a second opposing face. The carrier includes a plurality of receptacles disposed in a circumferential pattern and configured to receive a sample tube. The device includes a first plate disposed adjacent to and substantially covering the first face of the carrier, wherein the first plate comprises a first sample opening. The device includes a second plate disposed adjacent to and substantially covering the second face of the carrier. The second plate comprises a second sample opening that is circumferentially aligned with the first sample opening to define a circumferential sample position. The device intermittently indexes a receptacle of the carrier into the circumferential sample position.

Abstract: A smear preparing apparatus that operates under selectable operation modes, may include: a smearing unit that prepares smeared slides by smearing samples onto slides; a staining unit that is capable of housing the smeared slides and that performs staining processing by accommodating a staining solution used to stain the samples on the housed smeared slides; a fluid circuit that supplies the staining solution to the staining unit; and a controller that controls the supplying of the staining solution to the staining unit depending on a selected one of the operation modes.

Abstract: A sectionable tissue sample support structure including a gel compound formed into a self supporting geometric shape for retention and orientation of at least one tissue sample during a histopathology process including processing, embedding and microtome slicing of the tissue sample. A method of orienting, processing, embedding and microtome slicing a tissue sample using a gel compound preformed into a self supporting geometric shape. A combination including the sectionable tissue sample support structure and a package containing the sectionable tissue sample support structure.

Abstract: An assembly for forming a microchamber for an inverted substrate is disclosed. The assembly can include a body having a chamber formed therein. A dispensing cavity can be provided to supply a reagent to the chamber. A slide support structure can be configured to support the slide such that the tissue sample faces the chamber when the slide is mounted to the slide support structure. The chamber and the slide support structure can be dimensioned such that, when the reagent is supplied to the dispensing cavity, the reagent is drawn to the chamber by way of capillary forces acting on the reagent.

Abstract: A smear preparing apparatus may include: a staining unit including staining tanks that are configured to receive glass slides smeared with samples and to accommodate a staining solution used to stain the samples smeared on the glass slides; a transfer unit that holds the glass slides and transfers the glass slides to the staining unit; a fluid circuit that supplies the staining solution to each of the staining tanks in the staining unit; and a controller that determines a staining tank used for staining processing among the staining tanks in response to a manipulation by a user.

Abstract: A sample container (1) with a sample-receiving chamber (2) and with a closure piece (3) for closing the sample-receiving chamber (2) in a sealed manner. The sample container (1) has at least two seals (4, 5, 15, 16) arranged separately from each other, and/or the sample-receiving chamber (2) is subdivided into at least two compartments (6) which are thermally decoupled from each other and are connectable by liquid, and/or the sample container (1) has, on an outer wall (7) of the sample-receiving chamber (2), at least one coupling point (8) for the docking of an auxiliary container (9) via a matching counter-coupling point (10) of the auxiliary container (9). The outer wall (7) has at least one predetermined breaking point (11), which is pierced through upon coupling to the auxiliary container (9).

Abstract: A multiple degree of freedom sample stage or testing assembly including a multiple degree of freedom sample stage. The multiple degree of freedom sample stage includes a plurality of stages including linear, and one or more of rotation or tilt stages configured to position a sample in a plurality of orientations for access or observation by multiple instruments in a clustered volume that confines movement of the multiple degree of freedom sample stage. The multiple degree of freedom sample stage includes one or more clamping assemblies to statically hold the sample in place throughout observation and with the application of force to the sample, for instance by a mechanical testing instrument. Further, the multiple degree of freedom sample stage includes one or more cross roller bearing assemblies that substantially eliminate mechanical tolerance between elements of one or more stages in directions orthogonal to a moving axis of the respective stages.

Abstract: The present invention provides a system and method for monitoring crack propagation of a transparent rock specimen, belonging to the technical field of uniaxial compression tests of rock. The system and method monitor a breakage process of a specimen loading process. In the system and method for monitoring crack propagation of a transparent rock specimen, under the condition of no contact with a rock specimen, intensity changes of laser light passing through the transparent rock specimen in a loading state are determined, such that a computer (5) forms, according to laser intensity change data, a three-dimensional diagram of crack propagation of the transparent rock specimen (4) in a continuously loaded state at a plurality of set time points. This is used to analyze a breakage starting point and a crack propagation path and process of the transparent rock specimen (4) in the loading state, and achieve the purpose of qualitative analysis of the rock specimen.

Abstract: A hybrid experimental-numerical approach is disclosed to determine the Mixed Mode (I/III) dynamic fracture initiation toughness of engineering materials. Cylindrical Aluminum alloy specimens with a V-notch spiral crack on the surface at spiral angles of 0°, 11.25°, 22.5°, 33.75°, and 45° are subjected to dynamic torsion load using torsional Hopkinson bar apparatus. The torque applied to the specimen at the onset of fracture is measured through strain gages attached to the incident and transmitter bars. A stereo digital image correlation is performed to measure the full-field deformation, and the crack mouth opening displacement as a function of loading time and is used to estimate the time at which the crack initiation is started. The dynamic stress intensity factors are extracted numerically based on the dynamic interaction integral method using Abaqus. The Mode-I (KId), Mode-III (KIIId), and Mixed Mode (K(I/III)d) dynamic initiation toughness is presented as a function of spiral angles and loading rate.

Abstract: A sample imaging condition is made appropriate in a sample property identification device. A container containing a sample is placed between a backlight and a camera, and a first image is acquired by imaging the container. A brightness of the backlight is set based on a sample image included in the first image, and a second image is acquired by imaging the container. Based on a sample image included in the second image, a hemolysis level and a chyle level are identified as a property of the sample.

Abstract: A soot sensing system includes a soot sensor having a first element, and circuitry to an amount of soot accumulated on the element and to control heating of the element in response to the soot accumulation. An electrostatic repelling voltage (ERV) may be applied to a sensor/heater element(s) during a contamination prevention mode (CPM) to repel ash and reduce contamination of the sensor. A pulsed heating voltage (PHV) may be applied to the elements during the CPM and a pulsed ERV may be applied to the elements during the “off” period of the PHV. All voltage to the elements may be turned off during the CPM and the elements may be floating/ground. A PHV may be applied to the elements during the CPM and no voltage may be applied to the elements during the “off” period of the PHV. A heating voltage may be applied to the elements during a CPM corresponding to a cold start.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for demonstrating the cleansing efficacy of a personal care product or a component thereof, the method comprising: (i) selecting a first portion of a porous article capable of allowing a gas to pass through its pores, wherein the porous article is connected to a source of said gas and immersed in a liquid while the source releases said gas which flows out of said pores to generate gas bubbles; (ii) treating the first portion of the porous article with contaminants; (iii) treating the first portion of the porous article with the personal care product or the component thereof, wherein a second portion of the porous article is selected in step (i); the second portion is also treated with contaminants in step (ii); and the second portion is treated with a comparative or placebo product in step (iii); and wherein following step (iii) the method comprises a step (iv) of assessing a change of the treated first portion relative to untreated article and/or relative to the treated second portion,

Abstract: An ore volume-based zonal injection method for ionic rare earth includes six steps of ore body data acquisition; ore volume calculation by units; calculation of leaching agent consumption ? per unit ore volume; calculation of unit ore volume-based zoning range difference; merging of the units into injection zones; and injection.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods and devices for analysis of samples using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). The invention provides methods and devices in which individual ablation plumes are distinctively captured and transferred to the ICP, followed by analysis by mass cytometry.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a monitoring device includes a detector unit including an image transfer element comprising an incident surface which allows light to enter from a light-transmissive base material on which a microbody is placed and an emission surface which emits the light entering from the incident surface, which transfers two-dimensional image data of the microbody to a semiconductor optical sensor, and the semiconductor optical sensor which receives light from the emission surface.

Abstract: A crystal for flow cytometry with dual laser beams is disclosed. The crystal is a birefringent crystal comprising a material composition including a quartz mineral having a face side including a face angle of ninety degrees plus or minus one tenth of a degree; a wedge side that is substantially perpendicular to the face side, wherein the wedge side includes a wedge angle of two degrees plus or minus one tenth of a degree; and a major side that is substantially perpendicular to the face side and the wedge side. The major side includes a thickness of one and one-half millimeter plus or minus one tenth of a millimeter. A polarized light beam entering the birefringent crystal at an incident angle is separated into an ordinary light beam and an extraordinary light beam.

Abstract: An optical flow cytometer for blood cell characterization, comprising: a flowcell providing a blood cells flow, at least one light-emitting diode for illuminating blood cells that are flowing in the flowcell, an epifluorescence module in which a same first lens group is used for focusing the—excitation light in the blood cells flow and for collecting fluorescence light coming from each blood cell, and a unitary photodetector for detecting the epifluorescence light coming from the first lens group, at least one of the following measurement modules includes: a light scattering measurement module, an axial light losses measurement module, a particle impedance measurement module.

Abstract: A system for orienting particles in a microfluidic system includes one or more radiation pressure sources arranged to expose particles to radiation pressure to cause the particles to adopt a particular orientation in the fluid. A system for sorting particles in a microfluidic system includes a detection stage arranged to detect at least one difference or discriminate between particles in the fluid flow past the detection stage, and one or more radiation pressure sources past which the particles move sequentially and a controller arranged to switch radiation energy to cause a change in direction of movement of selected particles in the fluid flow to sort the particles. The particles may be biological particles such as spermatazoa. The radiation pressure may be optical pressure and may be from one or more waveguides which may extend across a channel of the microfluidic system.

Abstract: Disclosed is an integrated biocontainment cell sorter that isolates portions of the cell sorter that can create contamination. Two containment systems are utilized. A main cabinet containment system contains input samples. An aerosol management containment area includes a nozzle chamber with a nozzle and a sort chamber with sort plates and collection media that collect a droplet stream from the nozzle. The main cabinet is maintained at a first low pressure and clean air is recirculated under a positive pressure. The aerosol management containment area is kept at a second low pressure, which is lower than the first pressure, so that contamination does not leak from the aerosol management containment area into the main cabinet containment area. A sliding sash window is located over an access opening in the main cabinet and can be moved to access different portions of the main cabinet without changing the substantially constant first low pressure in the main cabinet.

Abstract: An accelerated weathering device, system and method is provided for rapidly weather testing insulating glass units (IGUs). The accelerated weathering system can include an air sealed vessel that can removably house an IGU, an air flow system in fluid communication with a chamber in the vessel, the air flow system operable to increase or decrease a pressure in the chamber, an exchanger system in communication with the chamber and operable to increase or decrease one or both of a temperature and a humidity level of the chamber, one or more UV bulbs, and a computer system operable to control the air flow system and exchanger system to vary one or more of the following parameters in the chamber: temperature, relative humidity, and pressure.

Abstract: A system and method that determines whether a heat exchanger within a complex networked system is fouling is provided. The system and method includes training classifiers indicative of a plurality of fouling conditions associated with the heat exchanger and testing the classifiers with optimal sensor data from optimal sensors to determine whether the fouling is being experienced by the heat exchanger.

Abstract: A sensor, method, and system for sensing corrosion. The sensor, method, and system utilizing a substrate; an inductive element formed on the substrate and having a first inductive loop and a second inductive loop; a sensing element electrically connecting one end of the first inductive loop to an opposing end of the second inductive loop; wherein prior to dissolution of the sensing element, an inductance of the inductive element comprises a first inductance set by a total inductance of the first inductive loop and the second inductive loop having a first resonant frequency, and after dissolution of the sensing element, the inductance of the inductive element comprises a second inductance reduced from the first inductance by disconnection of the first inductive loop from the second inductive loop such that a resonance of the inductive element is changed from the first resonant frequency to a second resonant frequency.

Abstract: A tribological testing simulator includes a base having a pair of catchers that clamp onto a specimen, a punch that is drawn through the specimen, and a plurality of sensors that take measurements of respective regions of the specimen. The sensors measure their respective regions of the specimen as it is drawn from an un-deformed state to a deformed state, and facilitate conducting a tensile strip friction test. In some embodiments, the catchers have flat inserts that facilitate conducting a strip stretch or draw test simultaneously with a tensile strip friction test. In other embodiments, the catchers include drawbead inserts that facilitate conducting a drawbead friction test simultaneously with a tensile strip friction test.

Abstract: A method of quantifying whether an adhesive agent leaks from a polarizing plate and/or a degree of leakage of the adhesive agent according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, including: (a) preparing a polarizing plate including an adhesive layer; (b) providing the polarizing plate so that one end of the polarizing plate adjoins a guide unit; (c) moving the polarizing plate on the guide unit; (d) measuring frictional force applied between the polarizing plate and the guide unit while moving the polarizing plate; (e) deriving a determination criterion based on the measured value of the frictional force, and (f) determining whether the adhesive agent leaks from the polarizing plate and/or the degree of leakage of the adhesive agent based on the determination criterion.

Abstract: An apparatus includes an emitter comprising an ultraviolet light emitting diode (UV-LED) disposed on a first end of an optical cuvette. An extraction cuvette may hold a liquid having a positive Langelier saturation index (LSI), and having a quantity of ozone gas dissolved therein. Air may be bubbled through the liquid in the extraction cuvette, and may then be directed to the optical cuvette. A detector comprising an ultraviolet light sensor (UV sensor) can be disposed on a second end of the optical cuvette. The UV-LED may be a point source, and the emitter may generate a parallel beam of light. A concentration of ozone in the gas in the optical cuvette can be determined based on a diminution of the UV light beam passing therethrough. This concentration can then be used to determine an ozone concentration in the liquid contained in the extraction cuvette.

Abstract: An apparatus includes an emitter, the emitter comprising an ultraviolet light emitting diode (UV-LED) and being disposed on a first end of a bounded volume suitable for holding a gas. The bounded volume can be a chamber, a room, or the like. The apparatus includes a detector, the detector comprising an ultraviolet light sensor (UV sensor) and being disposed on a second end of the bounded volume, the second end being opposite the first end, wherein the UV-LED comprises a point source, and wherein the emitter generates a parallel beam of light.

Abstract: An analyzer analyzes a measurement sample on the basis of spectrum data obtained by irradiating light to the measurement sample. The analyzer includes a main analysis part, a correlation data storage part and a concentration calculation part. The main analysis part calculates a concentration of a predetermined hydrocarbon component contained in the measurement sample on the basis of the spectrum data of the measurement sample. The correlation data storage part stores therein a plurality of correlation data each indicating a correlation between a concentration of the predetermined hydrocarbon component or the spectrum data and a THC concentration. The concentration calculation part selects at least one correlation data from among a plurality of correlation data stored in the correlation data storage part according to the concentration of the predetermined hydrocarbon component, and calculates a concentration of the total hydrocarbon components in the measurement sample by using correlation data thus selected.

Abstract: A water content sensor includes: a light emitter that emits detection light having a first wavelength band and reference light a second wavelength band toward a road surface; a first light receiver that converts the detection light reflected by the road surface to a first electric signal; a second light receiver that converts the reference light reflected by the road surface to a second electric signal; and a computation processor that detects the amount of water based on a signal ratio between the first electric signal and the second electric signal. The computation processor detects the amount of water based on the signal ratio obtained when the signal intensity of at least one of the first electric signal and the second electric signal is within a predetermined range defined relative to a reference value.

Abstract: A terahertz device includes a first waveguide, which is a plasmonic waveguide, having a first core with a nonlinear material, such as a ferroelectric material, and having a cladding with a first cladding portion including, at a first interface with the first core, a first cladding material that is an electrically conductive material. The terahertz device can include an antenna having a first and a second arm (for receiving or for emitting or for both, receiving and emitting electromagnetic waves in the terahertz range); a first and a second electrode arranged close to the first waveguide.